Natural uniqueness of the Far East presentation. Natural complexes of the Far East

18.11.2023

Glyadensky basic secondary school No. 11.

Essay

by geography

Subject: Kamchatka Peninsula.

Natural uniqueness of the Far East

East.

Completed by: Tykvenko Marina.

Checked:

Looked 2007

Kamchatka Peninsula. Kamchatka is a country of natural contrasts, extraordinary originality, and captivating beauty. Mountains, active and extinct volcanoes, vast valleys and lowlands, mountain and lowland rivers, cold and hot mineral springs - all this is on the peninsula.

This is one of the most remote corners of the country from the European center of Russia. About ⅔ of Kamchatka's area is occupied by mountains. This is an area of young folded-volcanic mountains with tundra and forest vegetation. Two ridges stretch along the entire peninsula - Median And Oriental, shared Central Kamchatka depression with the Kamchatka River flowing through it. The ridges are topped with volcanic cones with snow caps and glaciers. From time to time, Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. There are about 130 extinct volcanoes on the peninsula. One of the most active and highest volcanoes in the world - Klyuchevsky, its height is 4750 m.

Active volcanic activity affects many other features of nature. Thus, as a result of eruptions, soils periodically receive additional portions of primary minerals, which ensures their high fertility.

The science of volcanology deals with the prediction of volcanic eruptions. Almost all large volcanoes have special stations where, with the help of modern instruments, they monitor the temperature of rocks, conduct chemical analyzes of gases, and listen to the crater of the volcano. In a few days, it is possible to predict the beginning of increased volcanic activity and warn residents of surrounding towns and villages.

Volcanologists are people in a dangerous profession. Sometimes they have to work on channels of lava that has not yet cooled down, descend into the crater of a volcano, be under “fire” from hot stones, near red-hot lava with a temperature of about +1300 ° C.

The climate of Kamchatka is characterized by excess humidity throughout the year. The driest and warmest place is the Central Kamchatka depression.

The Kamchatka Peninsula occupies a subzone of coniferous and birch park forests. The specificity of this subzone is the predominance of small-leaved trees (stone and Japanese birches) over conifers and the widespread occurrence of tall grasses.

Stone birch has gray or reddish bark and a thick curly crown: the height of the trees usually does not exceed 10 m. Due to the curvature of the trunk, stone birch is little used in construction, but is mainly used for firewood and crafts. However, stone birch forests play an important water and soil protection role.

Common herbs include shelamaynik, basilisk, bear's flute and other umbelliferous herbs.

The mountain ranges are covered with thickets of dwarf cedar and shrubby alder; even higher are mountain tundras, alpine meadows and the snow zone of Kamchatka glaciers.

The dwarf cedar forests are home to very large brown bears, Kamchatka sables, squirrels, chipmunks, lynx, Kamchatka nutcrackers, etc. Reindeer live in the mountain tundras, and bighorn sheep graze in the alpine mountain meadows.

Historical reference. The first information about Kamchatka was obtained from the “tales” (reports) of explorers. The honor of discovering Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Atlasov, who made trips there in the years. Soon Kamchatka was included in Russia. He also drew up a drawing (map) of Kamchatka and gave a detailed description of it.

As a result of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions under the leadership of the Russian navigator Vitus Bering, the separation of Asia and North America was confirmed, Aleutian And Commander Islands, maps have been drawn up.

Natural uniqueness of the Far East. Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

The most active volcanoes are on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava covers, tuffs, ash and elevated to m. Numerous geysers are associated with these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. Geysers were first discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya(inflow R. Noisy). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them “Firstborn”, “Giant”, “Triple”, “Fountain”, “Pearl”, “Double” and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating springs and more than 300 small, boiling and freely flowing springs. The largest geyser, “Giant”, operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley.

Grove of grandiose fir (Kamchatka) on the eastern coast of Kamchatka is part of Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, trunk diameter is 20 - 25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists classify the grandiose fir as an ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation.

Lake Khanka – females are large in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above sea level. Its length is up to 95 km, width up to 65 km, area more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth is about 4 m. About 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily whose leaves reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut.

Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) Nature Reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in the cedar-deciduous forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and wapiti, pheasants and hazel grouse live. Part of the reserve is also small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of the bay Xiaohe. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years old.

Home > Abstract

Natural uniqueness of the Far East.Teacher : Let's listen to the messages of your classmates about the natural uniqueness of the Far East Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only region in Russia with periodically gushing geysers. Most active volcanoes are on the Eastern volcanic plateau, composed of lava covers, tuffs, ash and an elevation of up to 600-1000 m. These volcanoes are associated with We have numerous geysers. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest attraction of Kamchatka. Geysers were first discovered by an employee of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve G.I. Ustinova in 1941, penetrating to the river, which later received the name Geysernaya (a tributary of the Shumnaya River). Here, in a deep canyon-like gorge, there are several groups of geysers. Among them are “First-born”, “Giant”, “Triple”, “Fountain”, “Pearl-stranger”, “Double” and others - a total of 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small, boiling and freely pouring out. The largest geyser, “Giant,” operates in a very original way. Its eruption does not last long - two minutes, but thick steam continues to rise for another 10-15 minutes, covering the adjacent parts of the valley. Grand fir grove(Kamchatka) on the eastern coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, trunk diameter is 20-25 cm, the needles contain essential oils and smell pleasant. Botanists classify the grandiose fir as an ancient (pre-glacial) vegetation. Lake Khanka- the largest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above ocean level. Its length is up to 95 km, width up to 65 km, area more than 4 thousand square meters. km, average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. The lake is rich in fish. The lake is home to a relict lotus plant, a giant water lily whose leaves reach 2 m in diameter, and a water chestnut. Lazovsky (Sudzukhinsky) reserve (area 116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in the cedar-broad-leaved forests of which tigers, lynxes, sables, bears, wild boars, sika deer and wapiti, pheasants and hazel grouse live. Part of the reserve is the small (about 30 hectares) Petrov Island, located 1 km from the shore of Xiaohe Bay. Petrov Island is an archaeological and natural landmark of Primorye. It was inhabited several centuries ago. In the relict yew grove, some trees reach 200-300 years. IV. Consolidating new material- mark geographical objects on a contour map - what are the main factors that form the basis for the zoning of the Far East - what type of climate is typical for the region - Compare the natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East, indicate their significant differences. 3. Describe the natural complexes of Kamchatka. - What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East from the mainland ones? VI. Homework instruction Paragraph 42, start filling out the table, prepare contour maps Topic: Population and economic development of the Far East Lesson objectives: 1. Study the population and specialization of the economy of the economic region. Show the influence of the characteristics of the EGP on the development of the economy of the Far East. 2. Improve the ability to work according to a standard plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps. Students should know: 1. EGP of the Far East.2. Population and specialization of the region's economy. 3. Lack of labor resources . Students should be able to: 1. Perform practical tasks on a contour map.2. Be able to analyze statistical data, atlas maps. 3. Show nomenclature objects. Lesson type: Workshop with lecture elements.Lesson equipment: Physical and economic maps of the Far East. Map of the distribution and population density of the Far East. Statistical table “Territory and population of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.” Assignments for practical work.

During the classes.

1. Org. moment.2. FNZ.2.1.Population of the Far East.2.2.Working with thematic maps of the atlas.2.3. Work in groups.2.4. Compiling a table by students.3.Practicalwork: “Identification of features and problems of development of the Far East.4. Summing up the lesson.5. Homework.

Communicating the goals and objectives of the lesson. For a long time, the area remained sparsely populated. During the years of Soviet power, the population grew 8 times, but despite this, there is a constant need for labor resources. The intensity of migration is the highest in the country. Currently, there is an outflow of population from the north. The urban population predominates. Using the political-administrative and religious map of the population of Russia, name the peoples and language families living in the Far East. Using the map of population distribution and density, name and show the large and largest cities of the Far East. Give a description of the population density of the Far East. Specialization of the economy. The economic specialization of the region is mining production of non-ferrous metallurgy, forestry, and fish processing industries. According to natural and economic conditions, zones are distinguished: 1. In the south, the fertile plains of the Amur Region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk Territories are inhabited. The monsoon climate provides good conditions for agriculture and human life. Industry, population and main cities are concentrated along the Trans-Siberian Railway. South Yakutsk (coal, electric power, metallurgy) and Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur - mechanical engineering centers) are formed. In the Magadan region and the Sakha Republic, the harsh conditions of the north complicate the economic development of the territory. The main transport axes are the river. Lena, Northern Sea Route. On the Pacific coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Kuril Islands, economic development is hampered by the weak development of the social sphere and transport. Development prospects: 1. Creation of technopolises; 2. In the south, develop the fuel industry, electric power, mechanical engineering, defense industry.1. Parts of the region (north, south, east). 2. Specialization (for each region). 3. Factors stimulating the development of this production (fertile lands, monsoon climate, unfavorable natural conditions, access to the ocean). 1. Features of EGP.2. Economic development of the region. 3. Problems of the Far East and ways to solve them. 4. Economic ties of the Far East, promoting its development.1. How does the EGP of the Far East influence the development of the region’s economy?2. Describe the structure of the economy of the Far East. What industries can be called industries of specialization?3. The Far East is a territory with a free economic zone in the Nakhodka region. What do you think caused the creation of a free economic zone here?4. Using Figure 88 (p. 327 of the textbook), analyze the process of interaction between the Far East and other economic regions of Russia. 5. Conduct an analysis of the main statistical indicators of the economy of the Far East.1. § 63.2. Complete the practical work: “Identifying the features and problems of the development of the Far East.”3. Learn geographical nomenclature on the topic “Far East”.

Topic: Economy of the Far East Tasks: 1. Repeat and test students’ knowledge of the nature and population of the Far East. 2.Give schoolchildren knowledge about the economy of the Far East. 3.Develop geographical thinking, memory, and attention of students. 4. Stimulate an emotional attitude and interest in solving social and environmental problems of the Far East, in the prospects for the development of this part of Russia. Lesson type: combined. Visibility: atlas of Russia, outline map, physical map of Russia, computer disk.

During the classes

Organizing time. Greeting students. Teacher's communication of lesson objectives.

Repetition and testing of knowledge Each student is given a strip of paper for testing. The student’s task is to number the questions on a piece of paper and put a “+” sign next to them if they agree with the statement and “-” if they disagree.

Almost the entire territory of the Far East belongs to the region of Cenozoic folding. The area experiences frequent earthquakes and seaquakes. The main precipitation in the south of the Far East falls in winter. Far Eastern rivers are predominantly flat. The Amur is the largest waterway in the Far East. The largest lake in the region is Khanka. The flora and fauna of the Far East are poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia. The Klyuchevskaya Sopka volcano is located on the island. Sakhalin. Primorye has a monsoon climate. The Ussuri tiger lives in the taiga of the Far East. The shores of the Far East are washed by 3 seas. Whales and seals are found in the Chukchi Sea. Strips of paper with the students' answers are handed over to the teacher. There is an unfinished test on the board, add it (one by one I call the students to the board) 1. The population of the Far East is ……………. 2. Average population density ………….. 3. Indigenous people: Chukchi, …………. 4.The population predominates (urban, rural)………. 5. 500 thousand people each. only in two cities ………… 6. Problems of the area ………….. 3. Study of new material. The teacher asks questions: 1. What riches does the Far East have? 2.Why are these resources poorly used? 3. Having looked through the material on the topic on the disk, highlight the leading sectors of the economy of the Far East? Working with atlas and contour map. Assignment: label 5 large industrial centers of the Far East on the contour map. A student's report about the city of Vladivostok is heard. Working with the student and workbooks. From the text of paragraph 60 - write down the main problems of the Far East in your workbook. Checking independent work. A student's report on the prospects for the development of the Far East is heard. 4. The final part of the lesson. Teacher: What have you learned about the economy of the Far East? Giving grades for work in class. At home: on a landscape sheet, come up with and colorfully depict the coat of arms of the Far East, prepare a message about Khabarovsk, working with additional literature. Topic: Economy of the Far East (2nd version of the lesson)

The motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us?

When, if not now?

Educational goals: 1. Formation of independent activity of students in groups when assessing the natural resource potential and specialization of the economic region. 2. Be able to analyze cause-and-effect relationships. 3. Work on general educational skills: generalize and compare, listen, be able to answer questions to the point. 4. Build key competencies. Equipment: Physical and political-administrative map of the Far East, landscapes of the Far East. Methods and forms of educational activities: Using an interactive method. Collective work in groups to discuss questions posed by the teacher using Brainstorming. Work organization: 1. Creation of four groups and appointment of commanders. 2. Give an advanced task on the topic: Economy of the Far East (grade 9), The Far East is a land of contrasts (grade 8). 3. Development of working conditions in groups. 4. Organizing the design of the classroom and workplaces in groups. On the teaching tables there is all the necessary material prepared for the lesson (textbooks, atlas, messages, statistics). During the classes: The teacher names the topic of the lesson and its goals. Represents group commanders. Motivational-target block: "Guys! Today we are at the beginning of May, and we will pass through the last economic region of our country. Behind are ten studied economic regions. When studying them, we noted that Russia is a huge country with diverse natural conditions and resources, living conditions of people, and a history of development. Each territory specializes in the production of several types of products and services that it provides to other regions of the country. The Far East is no exception. This is a land of contrasts and natural uniqueness. During the lesson, we will once again be convinced that our Motherland is beautiful. And the people living on this land, through their labor, contribute to the prosperity of Russia.” The teacher comes to the board and reads the motto of the lesson: “Who, if not us? When, if not now? First question to commanders: How do you understand this motto in relation to the Far East? The commanders discuss the lesson motto and take turns expressing their opinions. At the end of the discussion, the teacher makes a conclusion. Conclusion : The Far East is Russian, although there are territorial claims from the “maritime neighbor”. This is a huge territory, remote from the main economic regions of the West. Along with its problems, the Far East is of great importance in the country's economy. The countries of the Pacific region are rapidly developing and, in order to keep up, large financial, scientific, and labor “infusions” into this economic region are needed. Support from all economic regions of the country is needed. Already today, people living in this region should feel changes, which means it is necessary to develop promising directions for the development of the region. Second question: What is the uniqueness of natural conditions and resources and their impact on the economy of the Far East? Questions by group: First group. Climatic conditions and their impact on the economy of the region. Second group. Mineral resources and the possibility of their use on the farm. Third group. Water resources and their use in the economy. Fourth group. Biological resources and their influence on the farm. Groups discuss the issue (5-7 minutes) using the necessary literature and maps. The teacher guides and supports the students. First group: The coastal location of the Far East determined the climate. In the north the climate is harsh. The coldest temperatures in the northern hemisphere are recorded here. In the south there is a monsoon climate with moderate temperatures, which determines the development of agriculture (soybeans, rice, corn, vegetables). The abundance of moisture in the summer contributes to the development of a thick vegetation cover (Ussuri taiga). In terms of its climatic conditions, the south of Primorye is not inferior to the resorts of the Caucasus and Crimea and is used for tourism and the organization of resort facilities (Russian Artek). Second group: In the economy of specialization, rich and varied mineral resources occupy an important place. There are rich deposits of non-ferrous ores (tin, lead, zinc, mercury) and rare metals (diamonds, gold), polymetals, which determine the specialization of this region. Gas, oil, and coal are produced on Sakhalin Island. They are already working for the Russian economy, but most of the deposits are poorly explored and are located in difficult natural conditions and lack of transport. (The student works with a map, shows deposits of mineral resources). Third group: The Far East has a fairly dense river system and has great potential for hydroelectric power stations (the Zeya, Bureya, Amur rivers) and river transport. (Students analyze Figure 43 §23 and Table 3 in the appendix of V.P. Dronov’s textbook. Students make reports about the Belibino NPP, about hydrothermal sources, and summarize that the specialization of the Far East is electric power.) Fourth group: Marine fishing for valuable species of fish and marine animals is important in the specialization of the Far East. The fish catch here is 70% of the national total. 31% of Russia's wood is concentrated here. The Ussuri taiga is rich in medicinal plants (schisandra, ginseng) and animals (more than 30 species of fur-bearing animals). The teacher sums up the results of the second round. Opens the second half of the board and, together with the groups, writes down the specialization of the Far East: 1. Fish (food)2. Lesnaya3. Non-ferrous metallurgy4. Electrical power industry5. Maritime transport Students write down the Far East specialization in their notebooks. Third question. What are the main problems of the Far East? What are the ways to solve them? (Groups discuss the question for 3-4 minutes and take turns answering.)1. Distance of the Far East from the Center.2. Undeveloped, unpopulated North.3. Natural hazards.4. Poaching and theft of national wealth.5. Outflow of population from the region. Solutions.1. Integrated development of the economy.2. Creation of socio-economic conditions.3. Cooperation with countries of the Asia-Pacific region.4. More efficient use of SEZ.5. Development of transport networks and reduction in the cost of travel from Moscow to Vladivostok. Fourth question. "Brainstorm"1. Why does the Far East have a more powerful navy than the Black Sea and Northern Fleet.2. What is pantocrine?3. What new administrative-territorial formations have occurred in the Far East?4. What are kimberlite pipes?5. Which sea has the highest ebbs and flows in Russia? The teacher sums up the results and announces grades to the groups. Thanks the guys for their cooperation. Homework : §63 repeat. Assignment: draw an “image of the area.” Using conventional icons, depict the main differences of the Far East in the form of a coat of arms, diagram, drawing. Be able to verbally analyze your drawing. Russia in the modern world 4 hours 66 Russia and CIS countries (study of one or a group of states) 67 Relations between Russia and other countries.

Problems of including Russia in world processes. The place and role of Russia in the world economy

After the collapse of the USSR, Russia found itself far removed inland - to the northeast. As a result, most of the railways and highways, pipelines, and air routes pass through the territory of foreign countries, which significantly worsens the economic situation for Russia. Considering the fact that 70% of the territory of the Russian Federation is located in zones with harsh climatic conditions and only 35% of Russian agricultural land receives enough solar heat for the ripening of grain crops, the country's food supply has become rather weak due to a sharp decrease in yield and gross grain harvest. Russia inherited 60% of the economic potential of the USSR. However, as a result of subsequent long-term underfunding, its most important part: fixed production assets (especially their active part - machinery and equipment) wore out. As a result, by the second half of the 90s, about 70% of fixed assets had a service life of 20 years or more, i.e. need immediate replacement. The Russian Federation inherited approximately 70% of the USSR's foreign economic relations. However, it should be noted that their further development did not follow. A way out of this situation in new conditions for Russia may be the development of world economic relations and integration into the world economy. The place and role of any country in the world economy, the international division of labor and the internationalization of economic life depend on many factors. However, the main ones are: the level and dynamics of development of the national economy, the degree of its openness and involvement in MRT, the progressiveness and development of foreign economic relations (FER), the ability of the national economy to adapt to the conditions of international economic life and at the same time influence them in the direction desired ( interaction with international financial, credit and economic organizations), the presence of transnational corporations. The experience of Western European integration and some other successfully developing economic groups suggests that the basis of this process is taking shape at the micro level, in the form of mutually beneficial cooperation between specific companies, banks, financial and industrial groups, their joint investment projects, the creation of mixed enterprises, etc. With many points of view regarding the ways of including Russia in world integration processes, it is certain that a successful solution to this problem will ultimately depend, firstly, on the improvement of the country’s economy along the path of its structural restructuring and transition to market economic conditions, and secondly , from creating effective legislative, organizational, material and technical prerequisites for this. When it comes to economic recovery and structural adjustment, this requires effort, time and resources. Significantly less effort is required to create the necessary legislative framework and favorable conditions for Russia's direct involvement in international integration processes. As an analysis of the problems of integration into the world economy of other countries shows, the main condition for creating a viable economy in the transition period is its openness. In an open economy, world market prices directly or indirectly determine prices for domestic products and do this much more effectively than any government agency. This condition is necessary for the Russian economy, since in this case Russian producers will have one legal path to prosperity - increasing the quality and competitiveness of products, expanding their production while reducing costs. Naturally, the transition to an open economy is a purposeful process, carried out step by step in such a way that external competition does not turn from a factor of creation into a factor of destruction of the Russian economy. An important advantage of an open economy is its importance in the fight against monopolism. Noting the role of the world market as a powerful means of combating monopolism and solving the problem of the effective functioning of the national economy in the transition period, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that the country’s economy should be made open only under the condition of an economic assessment and economic protection of its resources. Only in this case can one avoid the risks of negative manifestations in the economy under the influence of its openness and obtain positive results from the impact of the world economy and the world market on the Russian economy in these conditions. Practice shows that at present, due primarily to geographical reasons, the need for Russia’s larger-scale participation in solving global problems of mankind (development of the World Ocean, environmental problems, regulation of the world economy, etc.) becomes urgent. In this case, Russia's global approach to participation in world affairs should become a core part of the national interest. However, the active participation of Russia, like any other country, in solving global problems through national interest requires full participation in the work of international multilateral structures, which include financial, credit, economic, specialized and regional UN organizations, for example the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank (WB), regional economic commissions.

The article talks about the unique natural objects that are located in this territory. Contains information about the relief, flora and fauna of the region. Gives detailed physical and geographical characteristics of the most remote but rich region of Russia.

Far East of Russia

The Far East is usually called the territory of Russia, which is located off the Pacific coast. Its area is 6215.9 thousand km. sq.

If by the Far East we mean the Far Eastern Federal District, then its capital is Khabarovsk, and the capital of the Primorsky Territory is Vladivostok. This question often causes confusion.

This territory includes a natural area located directly in the Pacific Ocean, which belongs to the Kuril Archipelago.

Rice. 1. Far East on the map.

The territory consists of the following parts:

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mainland;
peninsular;
island

In addition to the Kuril Islands, the territory includes the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sakhalin Island, the Commander Islands and other isolated islands that are located at the eastern borders of Russia.

In Kamchatka there is one of the remarkable unique sites of the Far East - the Valley of Geysers.

Rice. 2. Valley of Geysers.

This is the only area in Russia with periodically gushing geysers.

Maritime communications are developed here and therefore there are many ports located in the Far East.

However, the presence of a large number of ports also gives rise to problems associated with illegal fishing.

The length of the region from northeast to southwest is quite large and equal to 4.5 thousand kilometers.

The northern regions of the territories are located beyond the Arctic Circle, and there is almost always snow here.

Almost all seas washing the coast are not completely cleared of ice, even in summer.

The lands of this region are dominated by permafrost. Here, for the most part, tundra reigns.

In the southern part of the region, conditions are slightly milder.

The climate of the Far East is strongly influenced by its close proximity to the Pacific Ocean.

The region is localized at the junction of two massive lithospheric plates. The southern Far Eastern region is characterized by a predominance of low and medium-altitude mountain ranges.

Only 1/4 of the territory of the Far East is covered by plains.

Natural resources

Geographical features include, first of all, the unique economic and geographical position of the territory. They are characterized by alienation from the main and most populated areas of the country.

The next factor is natural potential. The Far East is considered one of the richest regions of Russia.

Here you can get:

diamonds - 98%;
tin - 80%;
boron raw materials - 90%;
gold - 50%.

The location of the Far East on the border of a majestic continent and the largest ocean on the globe had a significant impact on the characteristics of the region’s natural-territorial complexes, as well as on their location.

In addition to the anthropogenic factor, the environmental problems of the region also include the problem of wastewater.

The inland waters of the Far East suffer extremely from this - the region is recognized as a fish treasure of Russia. And this is not surprising, since it is enough to imagine what seas the territory of the Far East is washed by. The list is quite impressive:

Laptev sea;
East-Siberian Sea;
Chukchi Sea;
Bering Sea;
Sea of Okhotsk;
Japanese Sea.

The landscape of the area began its formation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras. Then folded zones and intermountain depressions appeared.

In the past, the highest parts of the mountains were dominated by glaciers. This is evidenced by the preserved small relief-forming forms.

The highest altitude of the Kuril Mountains is 2339 m. Alaid Volcano.

Rice. 3. Alaid Volcano.

Powerful (up to 10 magnitude) earthquakes often occur here. They are also the cause of the tsunami.

The Far Eastern nature reserves are among the largest in Russia. The nature in these parts is quite harsh. This is explained by the fact that the mainland in the north and northeast is adjacent to the waters of the Arctic basin.

In the tundra you can often find arctic fox, polar bear or reindeer. Squirrels, lynxes, wolverines and brown bears are common in the taiga. During the warm season, the tundra is flooded with a large number of migratory birds. In the taiga, birds are represented by hazel grouse, wood grouse, woodpeckers, nuthatches and thrushes. In the mountainous areas, the animals that live mainly are snow leopards and musk deer.

What have we learned?

We found out what features and specific features the territory has. We learned which environmental problems are the most pressing. We found out which seas wash the shores of the Far Eastern region.

Test on the topic

Evaluation of the report

Average rating: 4.5. Total ratings received: 542.

“Natural uniqueness of the Far East” - Arctic. The spurs of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, which have preserved their pristine nature, are beautiful and unique. A mighty, branchy vine entwines the trees like a boa constrictor. Autumn on the Kamchatka Peninsula is considered the best time. Dust and heaps of ash fly up, The god of fire rages in the earth. Russian commander Vitus Bering (originally from Denmark) is buried on one of the islands.

“Relief of Sakhalin” - Equipment: Objectives: Conversation with students: Lesson purpose: I Org moment – 1 min. “Relief of the municipality of the Okhinsky urban district.” II Updating basic knowledge – 5 min. III Studying new material. Method: problematic. Ridges of the Schmidt Peninsula. During the classes. Type: “lesson on learning new material.”

“Kamchatka Peninsula” - There are about 30 active and more than 130 extinct volcanoes on the peninsula. Winter on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The driest and warmest place is the Central Kamchatka depression. From time to time, Kamchatka is shaken by volcanic eruptions. Kamchatka Peninsula. Mountains of Kamchatka. Autumn on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Information about Kamchatka.

“Economy of the Far East” - In 1888, the Suchanskoye deposit was discovered. Economic development of the south of the Far East. Timber processing – 5 sawmills, tar, match and plywood factories at the station. Desyatin belongs to the imperial family. Horse-drawn transport. 23.9 million Manufacturing industry. Development of coal deposits.

“Lesson Far East” - Geographical location of Russia. Assignment: Name the positive aspects of the district's EGP. Washed by two oceans Bordered by foreign countries Rich in mineral resources. Fill the table. Practical task: Place the peoples living in the Far East on a contour map. Library of electronic visual aids Geography 9th grade.

"Kuril Islands" - Kuril Islands. Performed by Maria Cherkashina. Bean goose is a rare species, found on Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands and Japan during seasonal migrations. Reefs. O. Paramushir - Humpback whale. Volcano Ebeko o. Paramushir. Aleutian Canada geese. Rocky shores of the Kuril Islands. Kuril landscapes.

There are a total of 34 presentations in the topic

Students will take a fascinating lesson-trip through the Russian Far East within 45 minutes. A bright presentation about the nature of the region, a mini-play, and a fascinating story from student guides will help children get acquainted with the natural complexes and unique things of this region of Russia.

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lesson by geography teacher MBOU "Secondary School No. 15 of Zelenodolsk RT" Jamili Nailievna Garipova on the topic "Natural complexes and unique features of the Far East."

Tasks:

educational– consider the features and main features of the nature of the Far East, expand and deepen students’ knowledge about the unique nature of the region;

developing – develop skills in working with additional literature and Internet resources; to intensify the cognitive activity of students, interdisciplinary connections;

educational – patriotic education, environmental education.

Methods: explanatory-illustrative, partially search, comparative, problematic.

Equipment: presentations, physical map of Russia, atlases, student reports.

Lesson format: lesson-travel.

Lesson type: combined.

During the classes:

Organizing time.
Frontal survey.

We continue to get acquainted with the Far East. What do we know about him?

Questions:

How many kilometers does the Far East stretch from north to south?
What oceans does it wash?
Which of them has the greatest impact on the nature of the region?
The region's topography is dominated by _____
Why?
What folded areas are represented in the east of the country.
What processes are characteristic of areas of Cenozoic folding?
What natural phenomenon is associated with them?
In what climatic zones is the region located?
Most of it?
Name the rivers and lakes of the Far East.
Why do most rivers in this region experience high water in the warm part of the year?

3. Studying new material.

The topic of the lesson is “Natural complexes, unique things of the Far East.”

State its purpose.

The purpose of the lesson: get acquainted with the peculiarities of the nature of large PCs of the Far East, with its unique ones.

The nature of the Far East is extraordinary. This region has many things that are not found anywhere else in Russia. Where else can you see a spruce entwined with grapes, a blue magpie or a black squirrel? Where else do birches grow: white, black, yellow, stone? Where else do tigers roam in the snow? Where can you see bears hibernating in tree hollows? Only here you can see bear fishing. Admire the fire-breathing volcano and look deep into the Earth.

Today we will go on a trip to the Far East. Your classmates will be your guides. The task of the class is to listen carefully, find objects on the map, take short notes, and be prepared for questions from our guides.

Where would you like to visit?

Let's start our journey with Chukotka.

Local residents joke: “It’s winter here for 12 months, and the rest of the year is summer.”

Slide show.

Two students act out the story “Chukotka” by Vasily Sadkovsky.

“A long time ago, when I was just getting used to life in Anadyr, the old-timers reassured me: “We have nothing yet, it’s like in Sochi in the summer - it’s warm, and the mosquitoes don’t really bite. Here at Cape Schmidt - yes, it’s terrible what’s going on there... I also took me to Cape Schmidt, I saw enough of boys flying off the roofs of two-story buildings on sleds - there were such snowdrifts. But the northerners were cheerful: “Okay, this is normal for us. Not like in Pevek. Can you imagine, stones are flying there!” And indeed, in Pevek there are such powerful winds - “yuzhaki” - that small pebbles whistle through the streets like bullets. “Oh, well, what a miracle! “And we all wear motorcycle glasses,” the Pevek residents showed me a set of rocker glasses for the whole family. - No way to knock out an eye! Here on the island of Aion!...

I visited the island of Aion, and we sat with our legs dangling over the cliff towards the Arctic Ocean with one of its few inhabitants. “It’s like we’re living on a weather vane,” he said joyfully. “If it blows from there, we’ll take cover here; if it blows from the other side, we’ll hide here.” The main thing is that the winds move horizontally. Nothing life! And here…".

Question for students:

How can you explain snowdrifts the size of a two-story house on Cape Schmidt? (Passage of cyclones along the Arctic front).

Kamchatka.

Reading historical information in the textbook by I.I. Barinova, p. 232.

Story about Kamchatka, slide show.

Features of Kamchatka FGP, relief.

Pages 33-34 – Behind the pages of a geography textbook.

Guys, I can’t get past this birch tree. Here it is called stone. This birch is the most ancient in origin of all the birches in the world. It appeared in pre-Quaternary times. Maybe that’s why, or maybe because of the constant furious winds from the Pacific Ocean, most of its trunks are twisted, as if hunched over from old age. And you can’t cut wood with an axe, it’s really stone. Stone birch lives, like oak, up to 500 or even more years, while ordinary birch does not survive 200 years.

Questions for students:

Who discovered Kamchatka?

What volcanoes did you meet?

Name the tallest one.

Name the geysers of Kamchatka.

Kurile Islands.

“Volcanoes Tyatya, Ivan the Terrible, Kucheryavy, Nemo, Trident, Bell, islands with names and unnamed - the Kuril underwater mountains with peaks on the surface stretch for more than a thousand kilometers. The depths in these places are such that if the ocean were drained, climbers would have to climb higher peaks than Chomolungma.

You can’t travel around the Kuril Islands by sea even with short stops in six months. Fogs. Typhoons. Rough currents in the straits between the islands. Treacherous pitfalls, marked on maps with the word “traps.” All this forces captains to be cautious.”

Vasily Peskov “Journey with the New Moon.”

Waterfall Ilya Muromets.

Questions for students:

What is the origin of the Kuril Islands?

Name the largest islands of this ridge.

What is the height of the highest waterfall in Russia - Ilya Muromets?

Sakhalin island.

Guys, what do you know about Sakhalin Island? (the largest island off the coast of Russia, mainland in origin).

Page 232 textbooks, reading brief information about the island.

Sakhalin is unique not only for its impressive size, but its nature is no less unique.

“Sakhalin, as it were, set a goal, compressing three zones, to combine the subarctic, temperate taiga zone and subtropics, bypassing the steppe due to its excessive dampness. On Sakhalin, it’s easy to find larch and dwarf cedar, generated by the harshest living conditions; nearby there are bamboo and wild grape vines”, a blooming mognolia.

“For anyone who has not been to Sakhalin, it is probably difficult to imagine that under a burdock shelomaynka tree, almost 1.5 meters in diameter, two people can hide from the rain under an umbrella. It is impossible to place grass, for example Sakhalin buckwheat or butterbur 3 meters high, in a regular herbarium. Rarely did anyone pick blueberries at chest height. The umbrella plant bear root generally grows more than four meters long with a trunk like a subarctic larch.” (p. 145)

The history of the island is interesting. (p. 146)

The stories “Fish Island” and “A Little History” from the book “Living Geography” by Yu.P. Pimurzin.

Questions for students:

Name the highest point of the island (Mount Lopatina). Determine its absolute height and geographic coordinates.

What natural zones are represented on Sakhalin? (tundra, taiga, subtropics).

Ussuri taiga.

The Strait of Tartary separates the island from Primorye, which is the name of the territory of the Far East in its southern part.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky made his first trip to the Ussuri region.

“When I saw this for the first time, I vividly imagined a picture of a tropical forest... tall trees, the striking appearance of a spruce entwined with grapes, a cork tree and a walnut, next to cedar and fir.”

A story about the Ussuri taiga, slide show.

A story about a lotus.(magazine “Geography at School” No. 3 2003)

In the Khingan Nature Reserve, located in the Amur region, the Komarov lotus lives. This is a perennial aquatic plant with a powerful rhizome (up to 2 meters), floating shield-shaped leaves up to 50 cm in diameter. Lotus flowers are large above water (up to 25 cm in diameter). The plant is listed in the Red Book.

Lotus is a tropical plant that is a relict of the Tertiary era. The great vitality of this relic is amazing! In 1933, lotus plants grown from seeds that were 400 years old bloomed in the famous Kew Botanical Gardens, near London. In 1961, in Japan, at a depth of 6 meters, a human site was found, where three lotus nuts were found. In the Tokyo Botanical Garden, they sprouted and the plants bloomed, although the seeds lay in the ground for 5,000 years.

Questions for students:

From the stories of our guides, you saw how unique and beautiful the nature of the Far East is. How can you explain its uniqueness?

Answers:

Huge extent from north to south;
Weak manifestation of glacial activity in Quaternary times;
Permanent territorial unity with the rest of Asia and the past connection of Asia with America in the Bering Strait region.

Ecological situation in the region.

Nature itself makes its own adjustments to changing the appearance of the region. We saw this in the example of the Valley of Geysers in Kamchatka. But even greater, sometimes irreparable, interference in nature is caused by human activity.

What is it?

Mining;
Deforestation (and this is someone's home);
Fishing (sometimes predatory);
Hunting for land and sea animals;
Industrial production;
Radioactive contamination of the Sea of Japan.

What are the consequences of this intervention?

Subsoil depletion;
Reduction of forest areas and animal habitats;
Depletion of fisheries resources;
Disappearance of animals, disruption of biological systems;
Pollution of water, air, soil, etc.

What ways can you suggest to solve the problems that have arisen?

Creation of nature reserves, national parks;

Use of modern treatment facilities;

High fines for environmental pollution and poaching;

4. Summing up the work in the lesson.

Grading.

5.Homework:

1. prepare a report on any reserve in the region;

2. On the map of the Far East you can find unusual names of geographical objects, for example,

Bay and Terpeniya Peninsula on the island. Sakhalin;

Strait of Hope on the Kuril Islands;

Some objects are named, e.g.

Peter the Great Bay in Primorye, Nevelskoy Strait between Sakhalin Island and the mainland, etc.

Continue the list. Perhaps someone will prepare a report on the brave pioneers whose names are on the geographical features of the map of the Far East.