Where is attica in ancient Greece. Attica - the cradle of the history of Greece

07.03.2020

In Greece, there is everything that a modern tourist is looking for. This country caresses the sun 300 days a year, its borders are washed by 4 seas and surrounds 1,400 islands.

Greece invites you to fascinating trips to ancient ruins and museums where ancient treasures are stored. This sunny country attracts with its fruit groves and delicacies prepared from the gifts of the Mediterranean Sea.

Greek beaches have earned the title of best vacation destination in the world. Tourists flock here to sunbathe, spend time at youth discos, make unique photo shoots and enjoy the taste of aromatic olives.

One such tourist destination is Attica. It is located in the heart of the country. This is the area where statehood was laid, and where the capital of Greece is located.

Attica translated as “coastal country”. Attica is located on a peninsula that is washed from three sides by the bays of the Aegean, Euboean, Petalian and Saronic Seas.

How to get to Attica

Getting to Attica is best from Athens, where tourists are delivered by regular international flights from anywhere in the world.

And you can get closer to this historical area with the help of a developed public transport system.

The shuttle bus station is located at 100, Kiffissou street. From here, the KTEL Attikis company transport will deliver it to Attica bus stations, one of which is located near the Acropolis, and the second on Egyptian Square.

Schedules of local trains are available at Athens stations. In addition, there is a ferry and air service to Attica.

Royal Olympic Hotel located within walking distance of the Acropolis. Its luxuriously furnished rooms offer magnificent views of the Temple of Zeus or the fragrant garden with pool.

Poseidonion Grand Hotel located on the island of Spetses and is its attraction, due to its rich architecture. The rooms feature stylish furniture and wooden floors add luxury. Room balconies offer sea views or a flower garden.

4 * Hotels

Amalia hotel It is within walking distance to the Acropolis and the central square of Plaki. For its use of natural toiletries, cleaning products and organic products, the hotel has been awarded the Green Key eco label.

Herodion located at the foot of the Acropolis. Each room at this hotel is elegantly decorated. The rooftop hotel has a magnificent garden where you can relax in the hot tubs and sun loungers overlooking Athens.

Hotels 3 *

Hermes hotelhid in a quiet area of \u200b\u200bPlaki. It features a spacious lounge area and a rooftop garden.

The rooms are decorated with modern furniture and light colors.

Plaka hotel located in the historical center of the capital of Greece. The hotel has a rooftop café-bar with impressive views of the Acropolis.

Things to do in Attica: Sightseeing

The lands of Attica absorbed ancient legends and myths that come to life in the eyes of impressionable travelers.

Read also: Where and when to relax in Greece - monthly overview of resorts and tourist attractions

Walking around the sights, you can easily go back to ancient times, when mortals were inhabited by omnipotent deities. Once in Attica, do not deny yourself the pleasure of visiting the following temples and monasteries and simply interesting places:

Temple of Poseidon

Unique building located on Cape Sounion. Sacraments and ceremonies were performed in this temple to appease the formidable sea god. The slender columns of the temple, which are framed by a massive structure, amaze the imagination. The building combines subtlety and grandeur, personifying the connection of land and sea.
Daphne Monastery
It can be found 10 kilometers from Athens. This building was erected on the site of the pagan temple of Apollo Daphnia in the VI century. Today the monastery has the status of a monument.
Engin Island

This small island attracts with its luxurious beaches and clear sea water. It is located in the middle of the Sardonic Gulf. In history, this island is known for the fact that about 360 temples were built on it. Most of them have been wiped off the face of the earth, but travelers who love the old days can get to the city of Paleochora, considered a ghost in which no one has lived for a long time.

encyclopedic Dictionary

Attica

in antiquity the region in the southeast of Wed Greece. In modern Greece, Attica is one of the nomes (the center is Athens).

The ancient world. Reference dictionary

Attica

(from greek - coast country)

peninsula, one of the largest areas in the southeast of Sredn. Greece. Its mountains are the branches of Kiferon, a steep rocky ridge that formed A.'s natural border with Boeotia and Megaras. Among the mountain ranges are the plains: Eleusinian, Kekropsky, Mesogey and Marathon. The small rivers A. Kefis and Asop were shallow, the land was barren. But the industriousness of the farmers compensated for the scarcity of land: in A. they cultivated olives, grapes, figs, millet, spelled, barley. In the mountains there was a lot of limestone and marble, suitable for construction. In Lavrion, silver, iron ore and clay were mined, which contributed to the early development of crafts, and thanks to large reserves of table salt, the population began to conserve food products, laying the foundation for the development of an entire industry.

A.'s population considered themselves autochthonous. OK. X century BC, under the legendary king Theseus, it began to unite under the rule of Athens, but this process was lengthy and stretched for centuries. By the 6th century BC. Athens became the center of economic and political transformations in A. The major centers of A. were Eleusis, Piraeus, Forikos, Rammount, and others.

(I.A. Lisovy, K.A. Revyako. The Ancient World in Terms, Names and Titles: A Dictionary of History and Culture of Ancient Greece and Rome / Scientific Ed. A.I. Nemirovsky. - 3rd ed. - Mn: Belarus, 2001)

Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

Attica

(Greek ή Αττική, which means "coastal country") is the southeastern region of Central Greece, a connecting link between the Balkan Peninsula and the Archipelago, approximately 2200 sq. km. km of space; it borders on the north with Viotia, on the west with Megara, with the south and east it is washed by the sea. Most of A. is covered by hills, consisting of limestone and marble, and currently represents some naked, devoid of vegetation spaces. Only the higher parts of Kiferon and Parnassus are equal to the north-west. Pentelikon slopes are covered with pine and spruce forests. The foundation of the entire mountain system is Kiferon (now Elatea, the so-called spruce hill, the highest point of which rises 1411 m above sea level). Chiferon with its main range separates A. from Viotia; A. is separated from Megara by its branch, going to the south and bearing the name Kerata (horns); with the southeastern spurs of Kiferon, Parnas (now Ocea) reaching 1413 m merges, whose northeastern branches, now bearing separate names (Beletzi, Armeni, Mavrovuno, Tsastany, Stavrokoraki, Kotroni), extend to the east. the edges of the region form in this part of A. a real mountainous country (Diakria or Epakria of the ancients). The southern continuation of Parnassus is rising significantly lower above the sea of \u200b\u200bAigaleos, which in the south. the part where it extends into the sea against the island of Salamis is called Koridallos (now Scaramanta), and in the middle, where it is cut through by a gorge connecting the plains of Athens and Eleusis, it is called Pekilion. On S.V. the Athenian plain is bordered by Brilettos, or, as it was usually called in the area lying on its southern slope, Pentelikon (now Menteli). It is a pyramidal hill reaching 1110 m high with extensive, still successfully operated marble quarries, which deliver excellent white marble of the finest grain, which goes to buildings and statues. A 4 km wide valley separates the Pentelikon’s foot in the south from the southern belt, almost exclusively consisting of bluish-gray marble, which was used in ancient times for architectural purposes. This ridge - Gimet (now Trelovuno) - rises 1027 m, is almost devoid of forest vegetation, but is covered with odorous herbs and is therefore inhabited by wild bees that give excellent honey. The eastern edge of the region (near the ancient Paralia) is cut by the lower chains of hills, which south of Gimet, where the peninsula narrows, merge into one ridge - the Lavrion Highlands, which consists of a cape steeply descending to the sea - Sunium, on which the ruins of the temple still rise Athens, on the columns of which the cape is now called the sailors of Cap Colonnes. The Lavrion Mountains, in their richness in silver, were of great importance to A. in antiquity; but these mines, at first very profitable, were so intensively exploited that immediately after R. Kh. they had to stop mining. Only in later times did they try, and not unsuccessfully, to extract benefits from the slag remaining from previous work.

The mountains stretch partly directly to the sea, partly to their soles accumulated alluvial land, forming more or less wide coastal plains, of which many were known in antiquity. The most remarkable of them is the Marathon Plain to the north. shore. It is a lowland of 9 km long and from 2-4 km wide., With an extensive swamp to S.V. Here in 490 BC, the Persian army was defeated. There are only three more significant plains, which either start off the coast and extend far inland or are completely separated from the sea: 1) the Athenian plain, often referred to simply as the “plain” (pedion); 2) the smaller, separated from the Athenian Aegelean mountains, Triassic plain (the so-called ancient area of \u200b\u200bTria) and 3) the plain between Gimet and the lower mountain ranges of the eastern coast, which connects with Athens. the plain through the valley separating Pentelikon from Gimet. The country's irrigation is extremely poor. The most significant streams flow through Athens. plain, namely: 1) Kefis, starting at the south-west. the foot of the Pentelikon in the forest-rich area of \u200b\u200bKefizia, fed by various tributaries from Parnassus. It flows through a plain to the southwest. direction and in the west from the city is diverted into numerous channels for irrigation of vegetable gardens and plantations; the second stream - Ilissus begins at sowing. foot of Gymeth, proceeds at east. and south. sides of the city and to the southwest from him is lost in the sand. In addition to them, it is necessary to mention the other Kefis of the Elevzinsky plain, the Enoey stream penetrating the Marathon plain (the so-called ancient area lying north of the Marathon) and Fr. Erasinosa, flowing further south from the east coast, near the ancient area of \u200b\u200bArafen (now Rafina).

The soil of the country is almost entirely light, rather thin, stony limestone, not very suitable for wheat cultivation, more so for barley and grapes, but especially for olive and fig, and therefore the latter, both in antiquity and now are the main products of the country and its objects export. Cattle breeding is still significant, and in antiquity is attic. wool enjoyed great fame. In the mountains, not to mention the already exhausted silver. the mines of Lavrion, they produce excellent marble; soil in many places, especially on the coastal strips going to the southwest from the harbor of Piraeus and the Falernaya Bay and ending at the foothills of Kolias (now Gagios Cosmas), it gives excellent clay for dishes, and therefore pottery was a flourishing branch of industry in ancient Athens and its products were very common.

The country's population, not to mention some of the Pelasgian elements of the prehistoric era and the huge number of foreigners who subsequently permanently resided in Athens, belonged in ancient times to the Ionian tribe. Residents called themselves autochthons, i.e. indigenous, since their ancestors came directly from the soil of the country and since time immemorial, the land has been in their continuous possession. Like everything is ionic. The peoples, inhabitants of Africa, were divided into four tribes or classes (phyla): gelons (noble), hoplites (warriors), Egicoreans (shepherds in general, and goats in particular), and Ergadeys (farmers). According to legend, in the country since time immemorial, there were 12 independent cities or community unions. These were part of separate, still existing settlements, such as Kekropiya (later Athens), Eleusis, Dekelei and Afidna (the last two in the north of the country), Brauron (among the east coast), Torikos (in the southernmost part of the east coast), Kiteros ( location unknown), Sfetos and Kefissia, part of the unions of several settlements, such as Epacria (northern mountainous country), Tetrapolis (union of four cities) on the Marathon Plain and Tetracomia (union of four villages) in the very south of the Athenian plain. According to legend, these 12 communities are connected by Theseus into one political whole, whose capital Athens became. The division of the people into 4 phyla remained under both the kings and the archons. Even the legislator Solon did not abolish this division, and in parallel with it, partly wishing to reduce the influence of the ancient aristocratic clans, partly to lead to a more equitable distribution of the tax burden among citizens, created a new division of citizens into 4 classes according to their property. Only Klisfen canceled the ancient Ionian tribal division and put in its place the division of the people into 10 phyla, each of which bore the name of the ancient Atatt. hero (eponym). Each of these fil embraced a certain number of communities (demos) lying in different parts of the country. Ordinarily, each not very significant locality constituted a special “demu,” while large ones, like the cities of Athens and Brauron, split into several dem. The number of dems was not the same at different times: - at the beginning of the Christian era there were 371. Thanks to writers and inscriptions, we got the names of about 180 dems, but the location of many is now impossible to establish. Their list is given by Leek, "Die Demen von A." (translation of Westerman, Braunschweig, 1840); Ross, "Die Demen von A. und ihre Vertheilung unter die Phylen", Halle, 1846); G. Gelzer in the appendix to Westermann’s book "Lehrbuch der Griech ischen Staatsalterthü mer" (5th ed. Heidelb., 1875). The total number of citizens fluctuated, judging by the censuses, during the heyday of the state, by the Peloponnesian War, between 80-100 thousand. The number of people protected under the patronage reached 40,000, the number of slaves reached 400,000, so the total number of free and not free people exceeded 500,000. Increase the number of fil (10) with two new ones took place in 307 BC. Out of a desire to flatter Demetrius Poliorketu, the latter were named after him and the name of his father Antigonus - Antigonoid and Demetriad. But the first was renamed in 265 BC in honor of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus to Ptolomaida, the second in 200 in honor of the Pergamon king Attal I in Attalida. Finally, under the emperor Hadrian, the 13th fila was annexed and named Adrianid by the name of this benefactor of the city of Athens.

Politically, A. was in antiquity the most centralized region of Greece. The main city was not only the seat of administration, but also the court, as well as the public assemblies, in the hands of which since the democratic reforms initiated by Klisfen and concluded by Pericles, the supreme solution of all state affairs has been concentrated. The value that A., thanks to its main city of Athens, had in the political and cultural life of Ancient Greece, can only be correctly evaluated in connection with the presentation of the general history of Greece (see this word). Cf. Bursian, "Geographie von Griechenland" (vol. I, Leipz., 1862); Curtius, "Erl ä uternder Text der 7 Karten zur Topographie von Athen" (Gotha, 1868); Curtius and Kaupert, "Karten von Attika" (2 volumes, Berlin, 1881). At present, A. together with Megara, Viotieu and the Salamis Islands (now Kuluri) forms the nomarchy of Attica and Viotia, which falls into 5 dioceses (A., Aegina, Thebes, Livadia and Megara) and has 6426 sq. M. km 185364 inhabitants (1879). In the diocese (district) of A. (including Salamis Island) 116,263, the rural population is engaged in agriculture, winemaking and cattle breeding, partly also in sericulture and tobacco growing. The Athenian Plain is still rich in extensive olive plantations.

All about Attica: hotels, entertainments on the sea, rest on beaches and excursions. Author's photos and videos, reviews of tourists. Attica location on the map.

The Attica region is geographically divided into two main parts: the capital of Greece with its suburbs and the rest of Attica. Athens - the cultural and intellectual center of antiquity, stands out for its six thousand-year history. This is a city in which such concepts as Democracy and Freedom arose, a city where thousands of scientists and philosophers "opened their eyes" to other nations with their works and studies and is one of the cities that created Greek civilization. The name of the city comes from the name of the goddess Athena (beloved daughter of Zeus) - the goddess of wisdom and protector of the city.

Attica is washed by the waters of the Gulf of Euboea from the north-east, Petali from the east and Sardonic from the south. In fact, it is an area of \u200b\u200bover 3,800 square kilometers, connecting the Archipelago and the Balkan Peninsula. Her neighbors are the Peloponnese and Megarida in the west, Boeotia in the north. In ancient times, Attica was referred to only as a "coastal country", which fully reflects its location on the banks of three gulfs of the Aegean Sea.

Attica beaches

Local resorts delight their guests with well-groomed beaches and a huge number of various entertainments. Most tourists who want to fully enjoy their Greek summer, choose hotels located on the Athenian Riviera as the place for their beach "doing nothing". The following resort villages and the cities of Attica enjoy great popularity among Russian tourists:

Lagonissi: lemon shady groves, golden sand, sunny aura, uplifting, and clear sea water - what else do people who long for a quality tan and pleasant memories need. This resort is considered ideal for vacationers who come to Greece with the whole family. For them, Lagonissi prepared cozy and inexpensive hotels, various options for fun, all kinds of water activities.
Glyfada: but this Attica resort is aimed at tourists who prefer an upscale European holiday in luxury hotels. In Glyfada, there are extensive golf courses, and many establishments that open their doors with the onset of night, and luxury boutiques, and chic luxury-level restaurants. The infrastructure of the city is really high-quality and very developed, therefore, as a rule, the cream of European society and fairly well-off tourists who do not consider the costs of their holidays in Attica are usually entertained here.
Sounion: Greek resort, which is known, first of all, for lovers of effective anti-aging and healing procedures. The local hospitals and hotel centers use the latest cosmetics from the field of cosmetology. They are created on the basis of flowers and herbs collected in Attica, algae and salts from the sea, unique minerals that can only be found in this part of Greece. Perhaps, it is in Sounion that there is most of all the opportunities to spend your vacation perfectly for those who want to soak up the relaxing Jacuzzi in the body and special pools with water elixirs.
Loutraki: Attica is also a popular resort among fans of a healthy lifestyle, in whose territory there are many hydropathic centers. They use a wide variety of thermal waters - alkaline, containing the necessary amount of chlorine, radon. The effect of warm baths and therapeutic procedures is complemented by magnificent landscapes of nature and mild climate throughout the year. Peace of mind and shaky physical forces in Loutraki will be returned to you quickly!

sights

The land here is full of legends and ancient myths, they literally come to life in front of the admiring eyes of travelers. And it’s not difficult during your travels to local places of interest to travel mentally to those times when Greece was ruled not by mortal people, but by omnipotent ancient deities. We will tell you what to look in Attica to see all the "very best":

The Temple of Poseidon: a unique building on Cape Sounion, in which in ancient times the Greeks sacrificed to the terrible and unstable in their mood god of the sea, trying to appease him. The sanctuary amazes with its slender columns framing the massive temple building. This combination of subtlety and power represents the union of the sea and the earth.
Daphne Monastery: for many tourists, this is Attica's main attraction, located about 11 kilometers from the city of Athens. The monastery was built on the site of the pagan sanctuary of Apollo Daphne in the VI century. Currently, the monastery of Daphne has the status of a historical monument and is daily visited by thousands of visitors to Greece.
Aegina Island: a small piece of land in the middle of the Sardonic Gulf with crystal clear sea water and luxurious beaches. This island in Attica is known for the fact that more than 360 temples were erected on it. Now, of course, many of them have not left a trace, but the existing historical buildings will fully satisfy the aesthetic and cultural needs of tourists who love antiquity. There is also a slightly mystical Paleochora on Aegina, called the “ghost town”, in which no one has lived for many decades.
Temple of Demeter (museum): located in Eleusis, delights tourists with its special aura. The guides will tell you everything about the ancient rites and purposes with which they were held.
Mount Immitos: the interest to travelers is not the mountain itself, but the monastery, which lurks on it. It is hidden from prying eyes by forests with cypresses, and right next to it flows a magical spring, considered to be healing. Resting in Attica and not visiting this mountain is simply unrealistic.
Idra Island: hundreds of thousands of travelers literally fall in love with this islet of Attica, seeing its images on the pages of glossy publications printed specifically for potential guests of local resorts. Resting and relaxing here is not cheap, Idra has long been considered an elite place that the Greek nouveau riche has chosen for itself.

And, of course, it is necessary to devote sufficient time to visiting the main city of Attica - Athens with its ultra-modern trade centers, ancient buildings, ancient sculptures and other unusual features.

Attica

Attica Αττική


Capital	Athens
Nomes	Athens, East Attica, West Attica, Piraeus
Population	3 841 408 people (2005 year)
Area	3808 km²
Population density	1009 people / km²
Administrative Regions of Greece
Attica

Geography

Most of Attica is covered with hills, consisting of limestone and marble, and currently represents some naked, devoid of vegetation space. Only the higher parts of Kiferon and Parnassus, as well as the northwestern slopes of Pentelikon, are covered with pine and spruce forests. The foundation of the entire mountain system is Kiferon (now Elatea, the so-called spruce hill, the highest point of which rises 1411 m above sea level). Kiferon with his main line separates Attica from Viotia; Attica is separated from Megara by its branch going to the south and bearing the name Kerata (horns); with southeastern spurs of Kiferon, Parnas (now Ocea) reaching 1413 m merges, whose northeastern branches, now bearing separate names (Beletzi, Armeni, Mavrovuno, Tsastany, Stavrokoraki, Kotroni), stretching to the eastern edge of the region, form in this part Attica is a real mountain country (Diakria or Epacria of the ancients). The southern continuation of Parnassus is Egaleos, which rises much lower above the sea, which in the southern part, where it protrudes into the sea against the island of Salamis, is called Koridallos (now Scaramantha), and in the middle, where it is cut through by a gorge connecting the plains of Athens and Eleusis, called Pekilion. In the northeast, the Athenian plain is bordered by Brilettos, or, as it was usually called by the area lying on its southern slope, Pentelikon (now Menteli). This is a pyramidal hill reaching 1110 m high with extensive, still successfully operated marble quarries, which deliver excellent white marble of the finest grain, which goes to buildings and statues. A 4 km wide valley separates the Pentelikon’s foot in the south from the southern belt, which is almost exclusively composed of bluish-gray marble, which in ancient times was used for architectural purposes. This ridge - Gimet (now Trelovuno) - rises 1027 m, is almost devoid of forest vegetation, but is covered with odorous herbs and is therefore inhabited by wild bees that give excellent honey. The eastern edge of the region (near the ancient Paralia) is cut by the lower chains of hills, which south of Gimet, where the peninsula is narrowing, are connected in one ridge - the Lavrion Highlands, which consists of a cape steeply descending to the sea - Sunium, on which the ruins of the temple of Athena still rise , on whose columns the cape is now called the sailors of Cap Colonnes. The Lavrion Mountains, in their wealth of silver, were of great importance to Attica in antiquity; but these mines, at first very profitable, were intensively exploited before that, already immediately after the beginning of BC. e. had to stop mining. Only in later times did they try, and not unsuccessfully, to extract benefits from the slag remaining from previous work.

The country's irrigation is extremely poor. The most significant streams flow along the Athenian plain, namely: Kefis, starting at the southwestern foot of Pentelikon in the forest-rich area of \u200b\u200bKefizia, fed by various tributaries from Parnassus. It flows through the plain in a south-westerly direction and west of the city is diverted into numerous canals for irrigation of vegetable gardens and plantations; Ilissus begins at the northern foot of Gimet, flows at the eastern and southern sides of the city and is lost in the sands to the south-west of it. In addition to them, it is necessary to mention the other Kefis of the Eleusinian Plain, the creek Enoe cutting through the Marathon Plain (the so-called ancient area lying north of the Marathon) and Erasinos, which flows further south from the eastern coast, near the ancient area of \u200b\u200bArafen (now Rafina).

Agriculture and Fossils

The soil of the country is almost entirely a light, rather thin layer of rocky limestone, which is not very suitable for the cultivation of wheat, more so for barley and grapes, but especially for olive and fig, and therefore the latter, both in antiquity and now are the main products of the country and items of its export. Cattle breeding is significant even today, and in ancient times Attic wool was very famous. In the mountains, not to mention the already exhausted silver mines of Lavrion, excellent marble is mined; the soil in many places, especially on the coastal strip, going southwest of Piraeus harbor and the Falernaya Bay and ending at the foothills of the Kolias (now Gagios Cosmas), provides excellent clay for dishes, and therefore pottery represented a flourishing branch of industry in ancient Athens and its products were very common.

History

Administrative division in antiquity \u003d\u003d vitalik seryozhin

The division of the people into 4 phyla remained under both the kings and the archons. Even the legislator Solon did not abolish this division, and in parallel with it, partly wishing to reduce the influence of the ancient aristocratic clans, partly to lead to a more equitable distribution of the tax burden among citizens, created a new division of citizens into 4 classes according to their property. Only Klisfen canceled the ancient Ionian tribal division and put in its place the division of the people into 10 phyla, each of which bore the name of the ancient Athenian hero (Eponima). Each of these fil embraced a certain number of communities (demos) lying in different parts of the country. Ordinarily, each not-so-significant area constituted a special “demu,” while large ones, like the cities of Athens and Brauron, split into several dem. The number of dems was not the same at different times: - at the beginning of the Christian era there were 371. Thanks to writers and inscriptions, we got the names of about 180 dems, but the location of many is now impossible to establish. The total number of citizens fluctuated, judging by the censuses, during the heyday of the state, to the Peloponnesian War, in the range of 80-100 thousand. The number of patrons under patronage reached 40,000, the number of slaves reached 400,000, so that the total number of free and not free people exceeded 500,000. An increase in the number of fil (10) by two new ones took place in 307 BC. e. Out of a desire to flatter Demetrius Poliorketu, the latter were named after him and the name of his father Antigonus - Antigonides and Demetriad. But the first was renamed in 265 BC. e. in honor of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Ptolomaida, the second in the city in honor of the Pergamon king Attalus I in Attalid. Finally, under the emperor Hadrian, the 13th fila was annexed and named Adrianida by the name of this benefactor of the city of Athens.

The political system in antiquity

Politically, Attica was in antiquity the most centralized region of Greece. The main city was not only the seat of administration, but also the court, as well as the public assemblies, in the hands of which since the democratic reforms initiated by Klisfen and concluded by Pericles, the supreme solution of all state affairs has been concentrated. The importance that Attica, thanks to its main city of Athens, had in the political and cultural life of Ancient Greece, can only be correctly evaluated in connection with the presentation of the general history of Greece.

Today? The best resorts and archaeological sites of Attica.

The oldest period in the historical life of Attica, which later became the main territory of one of the most powerful and flourishing states - Greece, was only weakly reflected in the sources. Archaeological research of Athens itself and the surrounding area discovered traces of ancient life dating back to the Neolithic era. The oldest burial so far discovered here dates back to the III millennium BC. e. The handmade gray clay vessels found in this burial near the cramped skeleton are still very primitive.

The end of the fragmentation of Greece, according to legend, was laid by the hero and king of Athens, Athens, who united the population around Athens and established one general council. “From that time on,” writes Thucydides, “the Athenians celebrate the nationwide festival of Sinoykia (unification) in honor of the goddess Athena.

During excavations on the Acropolis of Athens, monuments of an incomparably higher culture were found in the form of the remains of a Mycenaean type palace, and in a number of other places (Aharna, Erhia, Keramik and others) - burials of the same time with a large number of various objects, mainly ceramic products, including non-local origin. All these monuments, dating back to the end of the Bronze Age, give reason to think that on the territory of Attica there was one of the centers of Mycenaean culture, modern to its other centers.

The subsequent post-Mycenaean period is characterized in Attica by the appearance of ceramics of the so-called protogeometric and geometric styles. Some of the ceramic finds of this time, such as, for example, the famous dipilonian vases, which acquired wide popularity, have survived to our time in excellent preservation.

Abundant finds of protogeometric and geometric ceramics were also given by excavations on the northern and northwestern slopes of the Areopagus. It is noteworthy that in cultural strata characterized by this kind of ceramic finds, imported things are almost not found. This shows that the attenuation of relations with other countries, typical for the whole Greece of the post-Mycenaean period, also characterizes Attica.

The ancient Athenians had a severe debt law, by virtue of which the debtor was responsible to the creditor not only with his property, but also with the freedom of himself and his family members. Insolvent debtors turned into slaves of their lenders.

To characterize the Iron Age in Attica, an interesting burial was discovered in 1949 in Athens, apparently an artisan, in which about ten objects made of iron and a whetstone were discovered.

Fig trees (fig trees) in Attica grew in huge numbers and gave so many fruits that they even entered the proverb as something useless, which will be born a lot. A similar proverb existed for owls nesting in the vicinity of the Acropolis.

Attica is a region bounded from the south by the Aegean Sea. Its whimsical configuration indicates the existence of many bays, bays and capes. The land here has been cultivated since time immemorial. The goddess Athena herself argued for the possession of Attica with the powerful Poseidon and won this argument by donating an olive to the people. Attica is famous since ancient times for its mild, warm climate, there are a large number of ancient monuments. It was the proximity to the capital that caused the rapid development of this region at almost all times of Greek history.

Potable water was delivered, except for the rivers Ilissa and Kefisa, only the sources of Panop and Kallirroy. Only Emperor Hadrian (117-138) built a water supply system for the eastern part of the city. The well overseer was an important person to ensure that no one diverted water without the right to do so.

Separately, it must be said about the remarkably preserved monuments of ancient architecture of Attica. Perhaps the most famous of them is the temple of Poseidon, located on Cape Sounion. The temple consists of columns located at a distance of 70 meters. A large temple, standing on a cape where only the winds walk, leaves an unforgettable impression. It would be worth visiting the ancient temple of Demeter in Eleusis, located 22 km from Athens, dedicated to the secret cult of the goddess Demeter and her charming daughter Persephone.

The main resorts of the Attic Riviera are Palio Faliro, Glyfada, Vouliagmeni, Voula, Kavouri, Varkiza, Lagonissi, Anavissos, Cape Sounion, Mati, Nea Makri. And, of course, the island of Evia - with its chic resorts Heretria, Amarintos, Edipsos