3. FROM SVIRSKAYA BAY TO BOLSHOE ONGO BAY

From the Svir Bay to Bolshoye Onego Bay, the coast stretches mainly to the NW. Inland, the terrain gradually rises to high ridges covered with mixed forest.

The described shore is not very indented, only in front of the Big Onego Bay the Petrozavodsk Bay protrudes deeply into it. There are anchorages here, protected from the winds from the shore. There are no anchorages protected from the winds of all directions. Reference points when sailing in this area are separate capes and mountains.

There are many settlements on the described coast, the largest of them is the city of Petrozavodsk - the capital of the Republic of Karelia.

FROM SVIRSKY BAY TO PETROZAVODSKAYA BAY

From the Svir Bay to the Petrozavodsk Bay, the coast is predominantly high, almost everywhere overgrown with mixed forest. Low areas are found mainly between Capes Kulikov and Cheynavolok. Cape Chasovnya, Mount Gimreka-Shcheliki, the church in the village of Gimreka and the mountains Srednyaya and Dolgaya are noticeable on this coast.

The bays and bays protruding into the described coast are mostly protected from the western and southern winds. The most important of them in terms of navigation are the bays of Ryboretskaya (the harbor of Ropruchey), Sheltozerskaya, Lakhtinskaya, Brusno, Shoksha, Derevyanskaya, and also the Uiskaya Bay.

Of the numerous settlements, the largest are the villages of Gimreka, Rybreka, Sheltozero, Derevyanoe and the village of Kvartsitny; they are all connected by a dirt road.

The shoal fringing the shore with depths of less than 5 m reaches its maximum width (2 miles) in the area of ​​Derevyanskaya Bay; in other places, it is, as a rule, much narrower (no more than 3 kb).

Almost all bays jutting into the shore between the Svir and Petrozavodsk bays have anchorages, which, however, are protected only from the western and southern winds. Anchor places, sheltered from the northern winds, are located in the Ropruchaya harbor, in the Uiskaya Bay and in the Lakhtinskaya Bay. Anchor places protected from east winds are available in Shoksha Bay, Pukhtinskaya Bay and Derevyanskaya Bay.

Cape Seredina(61 ° 02 "N, 35 ° 36" E) low, overgrown with forest; from the lake it is inconspicuous.

Bank Biryuchev with a depth of 6.2 m lies 2.5 miles E from Cape Seredina. Another bank with a depth of 5.8 m is located 2.6 miles SE from Cape Seredina.

Luda White Stone is located 7 kbt NE from Cape Seredina.

Cape Chapel protrudes from the coast 1.9 miles NE from Cape Seredina. To W of Cape Chapel is a mountain with two peaks. The eastern side of the cape is deep, the southern side is shallow.

Shcheleyskaya bay, protected from the westerly winds, juts out into the shore between Cape Chasovnya and Cape Cheynavolok, located 4.7 miles NNE from it. The shore of the bay is predominantly sandy; in the southern part it is low, and in the northern part it is high. The shore is overgrown with mixed forest and bordered by a narrow strip of beach. On the shore of the northern part of the bay is the village of Shcheleiki.

Depths in the outer part of the bay are 3-4 m; the ground in the bay is sand, but boulders are found in the immediate vicinity of the coastline.

Cape Cheynavolok(61°08" N, 35°42" E) is the eastern end of the described coast. The cape is high, covered with forest, bordered by many underwater and surface rocks.

Sambo sign installed at Cape Cheynavolok.

Shallow with depths less than 5 m extends 6 kbt SE from Cheynavolok Cape. With E, it is protected by a milestone.

Reef the submarine protrudes 8 kbt to the NNE from Cape Cheynavolok.

Gimoretskaya Bay juts out into the shore between Cape Cheynavolok and Cape Kaekeruchey located 5.2 miles NNW from it. The shores of the bay are high, sandy, covered with mixed forest. The villages of Gimreka, Volodarskaya and Kaekeeruchey are located here. In the village of Gimreka, a church is noticeable, which is visible from 7 miles.

Two small rivers flow into Gimoretskaya Bay, the mouths of which are almost completely covered with sand.

The bay is protected only from the western winds. With winds from the lake and it, significant excitement develops, and a strong surf forms on the coastal shallows.

It should be taken into account that on the approaches to the bay and at the entrance to it there are several banks with depths of 3.9-9.8 m.

Depths in the outer part of the bay are 6-8 m, the ground is sand. The width of the coastal shoal in some places reaches 4 kbt; depths on shallows less than 2 m.

Fishing gear is displayed in the bay.

Mount Gimreka-Shcheliki, well visible from the lake, rises 1.3 miles WNW from Cape Cheynavolok.

Cape Kaskesruchey, the northwestern entrance cape of Gimoretskaya Bay, high and steep, but invisible from the lake.

Mountain Middle, conspicuous from a great distance, rises 2.3 miles NNW from Cape Kaskesruchey.

Ryboretskaya Bay juts out into the shore directly NW from Cape Telaorga (61°16" N, 35°35" E). In the southern part of the bay, the shore is high, bordered by a wide sandy beach, and in the northern part it is low and rocky. The entire coast is overgrown with mixed forest and shrubs and is quite deep.

Depths in the middle part of the bay are 5-6 m, but there are dangers on the approaches to it. The soil in the bay is sand, in some places stone.

Two rivers flow into the bay: Another and Rybreka. The mouth of the Other River is accessible to boats, and the mouth of the Rybrek River is covered with sand.

Fishing gear is set up in the southern part of the bay.

Luda Ryboretskaya with a depth of 1.5 m lies in the middle of the entrance to Ryboretskaya Bay, 1.3 miles NNW from Cape Telaorga. From E, the luda is fenced with a milestone.

Ropruchey harbor is located on the northern side of Ryboretskaya Bay directly to W from its northwestern entrance cape. The shore near the harbor is low and sandy. The harbor is protected by a pier. Depths near the pier from the side of the lake range from 6.8 m at the tip to 1.8 m in the middle part; from the inner side of the pier, they decrease from 6.3 to 1.8 m, respectively.

The harbor is the only good shelter for ships in the winds from the lake in the area from the Svir Bay to the Petrozavodsk Bay.

Roprucheysky range of signs, installed on the southwestern side of the Ropruchey harbor, leads to this harbor from the lake.

Instructions for entering the harbor of Ropruchey. Entering the harbor during strong east and southeast winds is dangerous due to the significant surf that forms near the pier. To approach the harbor, you should go to the Roprucheisky alignment of signs (direction of alignment 87 4 ° -267.4 °) and go along it to the end of the pier. Rounding this tip, you can enter the harbor.

Mount Dolgaya is located 3.1 miles NW of Cape Telaorga. It is made of gray granite and is noticeable from the lake.

Cape Dry Hoc(61°22" N, 35°29" E) low, wooded; its banks are strewn with stones and devoid of vegetation. A rocky shoal with depths of less than 5 m extends 2 kbt to E from the cape. From the east, it is fenced off by a milestone.

Sukhonossky sign installed at Cape Dry Nose.

Bay Rozmegskaya juts out into the coast 2 miles W from Cape Dry Nose. Its low banks are covered with mixed forest. About 1 mile to the S of the bay is the village of Rozmega.

The bay is protected only from southerly winds. Depths in the middle part of the bay are 3-7 m; soil is a small stone, and in the immediate vicinity of the coast of its top - sand.

Fishing gear is set up in the bay.

Cape Nazalayniemi, located 3.2 miles WNW from Cape Sukhoi Nos, is the western entrance cape of Rozmegskaya Bay and the eastern entrance cape of Sheltozerskaya Bay. This low promontory is forested and bordered by a rocky shoal.

Ridge of underwater and surface rocks extends 7 kbt N from Cape Nazalayniemi. The tip of the ridge with N is fenced with a milestone.

Sheltozerskaya Bay located directly NW from Cape Nazalainiemi. Its shores are low, overgrown with mixed forest. To the west of the bay, the terrain rises to ridges rising 151 m above the lake level. To the south of the bay there is a large village Sheltozero, through which the shallow river Sheltozerka flows.

When approaching the bay, you can recognize the church and buildings of the village of Sheltozero.

Depths in the middle part of the bay are 5-7 m, the ground is sand, and near the shore - stone.

Sheltozerskaya Bay protected only from the western and southern winds. Even with southeasterly winds, excitement develops in it.

Area prohibited for navigation by all ships, is located 4 kbt NW from Cape Nazalayniemi.

Sheltozersky range of signs, installed on the western shore of Sheltozerskaya Bay, leads to this bay from the lake.

Bay Lakhtinskaya located north of Sheltozerskaya Bay. The northern entrance cape of the bay - Cape Lakhtinsky (61 ° 25 "N, 35 ° 22" E) is low, covered with forest. The shores of the bay are also low, overgrown with mixed forest; inland, the terrain rises to high hills. The north coast is bordered by a narrow sandy beach; there are many boulders and flagstones on the southwestern coast. All shores, especially the western one, are shallow and bordered by surface and underwater rocks.

Depths in the bay are 2-5 m, however, it should be taken into account that the bay is gradually filled with sand and becomes shallow.

The soil in the southern part of the bay is mostly stone and only in the middle is silt; in the northern part of the bay, the soil is fine sand.

Island low, overgrown with shrubs, lies 1 kbt S from Cape Lakhtinsky.

Reef extends 8 kbt to the SSE from Cape Lakhtinsky. From S the reef is fenced off with a milestone.

jetty built near the southwestern shore of Lakhtinskaya Bay; depth at the pier 2.8-3.6 m.

Reef protrudes from the shore by 1 kbt to E from the pier.

Gabukovskiy range of signs, installed on the shore of the top of the Lakhtinskaya Bay, leads to this bay from the Sheltozersky range of signs.

Anchor place, which is one of the best between the Svir and Petrozavodsk bays, is located 3 kbt to W from Cape Lakhtinsky. This anchorage is protected from all winds except strong southeasterly ones. The depths here are 2.9-5.8 m, the ground is silt. Vessels with a draft of 3 m or more are allowed to anchor on the line of the Gabukovsky alignment of signs opposite the pier.

Instructions for approaching Lakhtinskaya Bay. When going to Lakhtinskaya Bay, you must first go along the Sheltozersky alignment of signs (direction of alignment 84 ° -264 °) to Gabukovsky alignment of signs (direction of alignment 140 ° -320 °). Having recognized the signs of the Gabukovsky alignment of signs, it is necessary to lie down on this alignment and keep the signs exactly in the alignment or in a small opening to the right of the alignment, so as not to run into a reef protruding from the shore 1 kbt from the pier. Approaching the entrance to the bay, you can turn left and round the reef, go to the pier or follow to the anchorage.

Warning. The bottom in the area of ​​the undercarriage of the Gabukovsky alignment of signs is very uneven, in crevices. There were cases when the towing cables that had sunk to the bottom got stuck so tightly that they had to be chopped off.

Bay Vekhruchinskaya juts out into the shore 2 miles NW from Cape Lakhtinsky. The shores of the bay are low, sandy, overgrown with coniferous forest; a lot of underwater and surface stones are scattered near them. The eastern entrance cape of the bay - Cape Churnavolok - is low, rocky, devoid of vegetation. Depths in the bay are 5-9 m; the soil in its middle part is sand and red clay, and near the shore - stone.

Vekhruchinskaya Bay is protected from winds from SE to NW. Vessels with a draft of up to 2.5 m can anchor in the southern part of the bay close to the shore.

When entering the bay, you should keep to its middle.

Jar with a depth of 4.4 m lies in front of the entrance to Vekhruchinskaya Bay, 5 kbt to the NNE from Cape Churnavolok.

Brusno Island(61°28" N, 35°17" E) high is located on the western side of the entrance to Vekhruchinskaya Bay. It is covered with dense coniferous forest.

The strait that separates Brusno Island from the mainland is shallow; its shores are bordered by rocky shoals. Navigation in this strait is very difficult; if necessary, go through the strait, you should keep to its middle, where the depths are 2.3-2.7 m.

Brusno sign installed on the northeastern tip of Brusno Island.

Anchor place, protected from all winds except east and southeast, is 2 kbt to S from the island of Brusno; the depth here is 7-9 m, the ground is sand and small stone.

Brusno Bay juts out into the shore to the SW from the island of Brusno. The high shores of the bay, overgrown with coniferous forest, are bordered by a narrow sandy beach. There are two houses on the southern entrance cape of the bay. At the same cape, a pier has been built, to which ships with a draft of up to 1.8 m can moor.

Depths in the middle part of the bay are 2.5-4.6 m; soil - sand, and near the shore - stone.

Brusno Bay can be used for anchorage in southern, western and northern winds; it is impossible to anchor in it with east winds.

When entering the bay along the strait, which lies between its southern entrance cape and Brusno Island, one should keep to its middle.

Cape Brusninsky a conspicuous one protrudes from the shore 7 kbt NW from the island of Brusno. The cape is high, rocky, covered with forest.

Reef borders the coast in the area NW from the cape. From E the reef is fenced with a milestone.

Hare lip, or Yani's lip, located 3 miles W from Cape Brusninsky. The shores of the bay are high, forested and deep (especially the western coast); its eastern entrance cape is steep. The shore of the top of the bay is bordered by a narrow sandy beach. Depths in the bay are 5-9 m, the ground is stone, sand and silt in places.

In Hare Bay, ships can hide from all winds, except for the north and northeast. When entering the lip, keep to its middle. In the dark, it is very difficult to identify the entrance to the bay. Fishing gear is displayed in Zayachya Bay.

bear lip located 1.3 miles NW of Hare Bay. Its shores are low, overgrown with forest and shrubs. Depths in the bay are 9-13 m, soil - sand and stone; in its southern part there are pitfalls. Fishing gear is set up in the bay.

Cape Matkezhnavolok(61°30"N, 35°06"E) is the western entrance cape of Medvezhaya Bay and the southeastern entrance cape of Shoksha Bay. The cape is low, covered with forest; its banks are strewn with large stones.

Shokshinsky sign installed at Cape Matkezhnavolok.

Reef with depths less than 5 m protrudes 2.5 kbt to NNE from Cape Matkezhnavolok. With N, the reef is fenced off with a milestone.

Shoksha Bay juts out into the shore between Cape Matkezhnavolok and Cape Shokshinsky, 1 mile NW away from it. The western shore of the bay is high; it is covered with mixed forest and shrubs, and in some places it is occupied by arable land; in the middle part of this shore is the village of Kvartsitny. The eastern and southern shores of the bay are low; the south coast is bordered by the beach.

Depths in the middle part of the bay are 10-28 m; the soil is predominantly stone; sand is found only at the top of the bay and on the eastern side of the entrance to it.

Cape Shokshinsky, northwestern entrance cape of Shoksha Bay, high, rocky and steep; it is overgrown with forest and shrubs.

Bui Shokshinsky is exposed in 5 kbt to W from Cape Matkezhnavolok. The buoy from the west encloses the area where the fishing gear is exposed.

Berths built near the village of Kvartsitny; depths along them are 2.4-5 m. Shoksha mooring is located 9 kbt WNW from Cape Matkezhnavolok; depths along it are 5-5.4 m. A cargo berth is located 100 m to W from the Shoksha berth; depths along it are 2.6-4 m.

Sign Quartzite installed at the southeastern end of the Shoksha pier.

Anchor places. In Shoksha Bay there are good anchoring places, sheltered from all winds, except for the northeast.

With strong north and northwest winds, you can anchor from the eastern side of Cape Shokshinsky in close proximity to the coastline. The anchorage, used in southerly and easterly winds, is 1.4 miles S from Cape Shokshinsky; here you can approach the shore at a distance of up to 20 m, making a sounding of the depths.

Guidelines for entering Shoksha Bay. Having recognized the Shokshinsky sign, you need to lay a course for the middle of the entrance to Shoksha Bay. Approaching the bay, you should lie down on the course 193 °, which leads to the berths and anchorages in the bay.

Warning. When traveling to Shoksha Bay, one should beware of the areas located near Capes Shokshinsky and Matkezhnavolok, where fishing gear is exposed.

Maiden Island lies 3.2 miles WNW from Cape Shokshinsky. The island is small, but high, overgrown with forest. Its shores are deep.

Lip, located 1 mile S of Maiden Island, can be used for anchorage of small craft in winds of all directions except the north. The shores of the bay are high, overgrown with forest; the shore of its summit is bordered by a narrow sandy beach.

Bay, sheltered from the south and west winds, protrudes into the shore between the high Cape Kailakhta, located 9 kbt SSW from Devichiy Island, and the low Cape Merezlovsky, 2.6 miles WNW from Cape Kailakhta. The shores of the bay are high, overgrown with forest. Two bays protrude into its southern coast; near the shore of the top of the western of them there is a small pier, the depth at the tip of which is 2.1 m.

Depths in the middle part of the bay are 4-9 m; soil - sand, near the coast there is a stone.

Lip, protected from south and west winds and suitable for anchorage of small vessels, is located directly to W from Cape Merezlovsky. The shores of the bay are low, shallow, overgrown with mixed forest. The western entrance cape of the bay is the high cape Vantinskiy.

The depth in the middle part of the bay is 4.6 m, the soil is sand.

Bay, protected from the southern and western winds, protrudes into the shore between Capes Varvinsky and Pukhtinsky. Depths in it are 3-5 m, the soil is sand.

Cape Varvinsky(61°33" N, 34°50" E), eastern entrance cape of the bay mentioned above, high, overgrown with forest; from the lake it is inconspicuous. The north-eastern part of the cape is deep; vessels with a draft of up to 2.1 m can approach it at a distance of up to 1 kbt.

Cape Pukhtinsky, which is the western entrance cape of the described bay, low, sandy, overgrown with forest. On the western side of the cape, a small river flows into the lake, along which the forest is rafted.

Lip, protected from the south and west winds and accessible to small craft, protrudes into the shore between Cape Polzunov (61°34" N, 34°47" E) and Cape Serebryakova, 5.3 kbt to NW from Cape Polzunov. Both entrance capes of the bay are low, overgrown with forest.

pukhtinskie islands extend to N from Cape Serebryakov. They are a group of two large and two small islands, separated from each other and from the coast of the mainland by shallow, littered with underwater and surface rocks of the strait. All the islands are low, overgrown with forests.

reefs with depths of less than 1 m, bordering the Pukhtinskiye Islands, protrude 6 kbt to E and 1-2 kbt to W from them.

Pukhtinskaya Bay located on the western side of the Pukhtinskiye Islands. The western coast of the bay is low, and the southern coast is high, bordered by a sandy beach; The shores of the bay are covered with forest. Depths at the entrance to the bay are 4.7-11.2 m, and in its middle part 7-11 m. The soil in the bay is predominantly sand.

Jar with a depth of 4.7 m lies in the middle of the entrance to Pukhtinskaya Bay, 1.4 miles NW from Cape Serebryakova.

Uyskaya lip juts out into the shore directly to the NW from Pukhtinskaya Bay. The shores of the bay are low, overgrown with deciduous forest and shrubs; its western and northern shores are bordered by a sandy beach. Inland, the terrain rises. On the western bank of the bay, on both sides of the mouth of the small Derevyanka river, the buildings of the village of Derevyannoye are scattered, and on the southern bank, at the mouth of the Bolshaya Uya River, there is the village of Uya. The forest is rafted along these rivers. Depths at the entrance to the bay are 4-7 m, and in its middle part 3-5 m. The soil in the bay is sand.

In the Uiskaya Bay, a place has been equipped for loading crushed stone onto ships. Depths at the wall of the ribbed berth are 2.4-2.9 m. The fairway leading from the Uisky entrance to the berth is fenced with three white and three red milestones placed along the river system.

Cape Uisky(61°37" N, 34°42" E), northern entrance cape of Uyskaya Bay, low; its shores are shallow, bordered by underwater and surface rocks. There are hazards within 7 kbt E and NE of the cape.

Shallow with depths less than 5 m, on which the sunken ship with parts above the water is located, extends 7 kbt to S from Cape Uisky.

Jar with a depth of 4 m lies 1 mile to the SSE from Cape Uisky on the south side of the fairway leading to the Uiskaya Bay from the lake. With N Bank is fenced with a milestone.

Uisky entrance range of signs, established on the southern coast of the Uyskaya Bay near the village of Uya, leads to the Uyskaya Bay from the lake between a bank with a depth of 4 m and a shoal extending to the S from Cape Uysky.

Anchor places. In the Uiskaya Bay there are anchorages protected from all winds, except for the eastern ones. One of the anchorages is located 1 mile WSW from Cape Uisky; the depth here is 3-4 m, the ground is sand. However, it is not recommended to anchor at depths of less than 3 m, as in fresh weather the vessel can be washed ashore.

Small vessels can anchor near the mouth of the Derevyanka River; depths here are 1.5-1.8 m.

Munachek Island(61°39" N, 34°41" E) lies 1.6 miles NNW from Cape Uisky. The island is low, overgrown with forest; from the lake it is inconspicuous.

Bay Derevyanskaya located 2 miles NW from Cape Uisky. Its shores are low, in some places overgrown with coniferous forest; in some places they are occupied by arable land. Shoals with underwater and surface rocks extend 2-4 kbt from the shores of the bay.

The western shore of the bay is bordered by a sandy beach. Depths in the middle part of the bay are 5-10 m, the ground is sand.

Cape Derevyansky(61°39" N, 34°39" E), the eastern entrance cape of Derevyanskaya Bay, low, overgrown with forest and bordered by a narrow strip of sandy beach. A lot of underwater and surface rocks are scattered around the cape.

At 2.2 miles to NNW from Cape Derevyansky there is a vast shallow, on which lie the islands of Bolshoy Derevyansky and Golomyanny, limiting the approach to Derevyanskaya Bay from E.

Luda of Cyprus with the smallest depth of 0.9 m lies 1.8 miles N from Cape Derevyansky. It is the most external danger on the approach to Bay 5 Derevyanskaya from E.

Bui luda of Cyprus exhibited at 3 kbt to NE from the luda of Cyprus. A milestone is set next to the buoy.

Golomyanny Island located on a shallow 1.2 miles NW from Cape Derevyansky. The island is low, overgrown with forest. Its shores are shallow and bordered by underwater and surface rocks.

Bolshoy Derevyansky Island is located on a shallow 5 kbt to W from Cape Derevyansky. The island is low, overgrown with forest. Its shores are bordered by a narrow sandy beach. To S from the island to the very shore of the top of Derevyanskaya bay, islands and stones are scattered.

Luda Pavsha, on which the pitfalls lie, is located 3.5 miles to NNW from Cape Derevyansky on the approach to Derevyanskaya Bay from the Petrozavodsk Bay. From E, the luda is fenced with a milestone.

Buoy exhibited on the southeastern edge of the Pavsha luda, 3.2 miles NNW from Cape Derevyansky.

Wooden entrance gate signs, established 2.5 miles to the WNW from Cape Derevyansky, leads from the lake to the Derevyanskaya Bay between the Pavsha and Cyprus ludes to the Derevyansky inner alignment.

Wooden inner alignment of signs, installed on the southern shore of the Derevyanskaya Bay, leads from the Derevyansky entrance to the top of this bay.

Bui Derevyansky is exposed at the turn from the Derevyansky input alignment to the Derevyansky inner alignment 8 kbt NW from the northern tip of Golomyanny Island.

PETROZAVODSKAYA GUB

Petrozavodsk Bay juts out into the western shore of Lake Onega between Cape Korsolma and Cape Shuinavolok, located 5.1 miles NNE from it, about 10 miles NW.

The banks of the lips are high; they are overgrown with forest and rather deep. The city of Petrozavodsk is located on the southwestern shore of the bay, near which the port of Petrozavodsk is equipped.

Directly to the NE from the entrance to the bay lies a large group of the Ivanovskiye Islands, which are described in Chap. four.

The peak of the Petrozavodsk Bay is connected by the narrow Solomenny Strait to a large lake known as Logmozero; there are many villages on its banks.

Depths in the Petrozavodsk Bay are more than 20 m, but there are dangers in its middle part and at the entrance; the soil in the southeastern part of the bay is sand, and in the northwestern part - silt. Near the coast, the soil is sand mixed with silt and small stones.

Petrozavodsk Bay is not protected only from southeast winds; with these winds, you can anchor in the Nikolsky roadstead (61 ° 48 "N, 34 ° 35" E).

submarine cables are laid at the top of the Petrozavodsk Bay and along its northeastern shore. Anchoring near submarine cables is prohibited.

Areas prohibited for navigation by all ships, are located respectively 4 kbt to SE, 3 kbt and 1 mile to NE from Cape Vygoynavolok (61°44" N, 34°30" E), to E from the pier of the Onega area of ​​waterways, and also 1 kbt to W , 3 and 8 kbt NW from Neglinny Island (61°49" N, 34°20" E). Another area is located in the Solomenny Strait.

No Anchorage Area, is located at the floating bridge located in the Solomenny Strait. The southern border of the area is 3 kbt to S, and the northern one is 1 kbt to NE from the bridge.

measuring line equipped near the northeastern shore of the Petrozavodsk Bay. It consists of a leading alignment of signs installed 1.5 miles WNW from the northwestern outskirts of the village of Zimnik (61°49.4" N, 34°30.8" E), and three secant alignments located on the northeast the coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay at 2.4; 2.9 and 3.5 miles NW from Cape Shuinavolok (61°47" N, 34°34" E).

Deviation polygon is located 2.4 miles NW from Cape Vygoynavolok.

Radio deviation range located 4.8 miles NE from Cape Vygoynavolok.

Cape Korsolma(61 ° 42 "N, 34 ° 33" E) - the southern entrance cape of the Petrozavodsk Bay - low, overgrown with forest; approximately within a radius of 7 kbt from it, underwater and surface stones are scattered.

Luda Dedova surface lies off the southwestern coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 1.2 miles NNW from Cape Korsolma. Near it there are many pitfalls.

Vygoynavoloksky alignment of signs, installed to the NW from Cape Vygoynavolok, serves for approaching the shore in the area of ​​this cape.

Cape Shuinavolok(61 ° 47 "N, 34 ° 34" E) - the northern entrance cape of the Petrozavodsk Bay - low, overgrown with mixed forest. The shores of the cape are shallow, bordered by many underwater and surface rocks.

Reef Shuinavoloksky extends 4 kbt SE from Cape Shuinavolok. From S the reef is fenced off with a milestone.

jar with depth 4.2 m lies 6 kbt to S from Cape Shuinavolok.

hare lip is located 9 kbt NW from Cape Shuinavolok. The bay is shallow and accessible only to boats.

Jar with a depth of 3.6 m lies 2.1 miles WNW from Cape Shuinavolok; bank is protected by milestone separate danger.

The villages of Baraniy Bereg and Zimnik located on the northeastern shore of the Petrozavodsk Bay, respectively, 1.6 and 2.5 miles NW from Cape Shuinavolok. The coast near the village of Baraniy Bereg is bordered by reefs.

Piers. A pier was built near the southeastern outskirts of the village of Baraniy Bereg; depth at the tip of this pier is 1.9-2.6 m. Another pier is located at the northwestern outskirts of the village of Zimnik; the depth at its tip is 2.6-2.7 m. There are stones near the southeastern wall of this pier.

Baransky range of signs, established near the southeastern outskirts of the village of Baraniy Bereg, leads from the top of the Petrozavodsk Bay to the pier built near this village.

Zimnik sign installed on the pier near the village of Zimnik.

Bank Zimnik with the smallest depth of 2 m lies 3 miles WNW from Cape Shuinavolok almost in the middle of the Petrozavodsk Bay. The bank is fenced on all sides with milestones.

Loyostrov Island lies off the northeastern shore of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 4.8 miles WNW from Cape Shuinavolok. The island is low, rocky, devoid of vegetation.

reefs protrude 0.5 kbt to E and 0.8 kbt to W from Lojostrov Island. The ends of the reefs are fenced with milestones.

Sign of Loyostrovsky installed on the southeastern tip of the island Loyostrov.

Port of Petrozavodsk equipped near the southwestern coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay. The port has cargo areas and a passenger area. The port of Petrozavodsk also includes berths near the villages of Zimnik, Baraniy Bereg, Yalguba, Suisar, Longasy, Kizhi, Velikaya Guba and Tipinitsy. The shoal, bordering the coast in the port area, is fenced with E milestones. In the port, you can repair the hull and mechanisms. Vessels can replenish fuel and lubricants. In the port, deviation works and determination of the speed of the vessel can be performed.

Water pump station pier built near the southeastern outskirts of the city of Petrozavodsk, 2 miles NW from Cape Vygoynavolok (61°44" N, 34°30" E). Depths at the end of the pier are 3.2-3.4 m.

Pier No. 1 of the shipyard "Sevryba" is located 4 kbt NW from the pier of the water pumping station. The length of the berthing line is 286 m; depth along the pier 0.8-4.9 m.

Fish factory pier protrudes from the shore at 1 kbt NW from pier No. 1 of the Sevryba shipyard; depth at the outer part of the pier of the fish processing plant is 3-4.3 m.

Fish processing plant sign installed at the end of the pier of the fish factory.

Pier MRS located 2 kbt NW from pier No. 1 of the Sevryba shipyard; the depth at its tip is 4-4.6 m. The pier is in a dilapidated state.

Pier equipped 1.5 kbt NW from the MPS pier. Pier length 57 m; depth at its tip 1.1 m; the pier is destroyed.

Berth of the Southern cargo area located 2 kbt NW from the MPS pier.

Piers and dam Petushki are located 4 kbt NW from the MPS pier. Depths along the outer and inner sides of the piers and the dam are 0.5-3.0 m.

The city boat station is also located here.

Pier No. 1 of the Petrozavodsk EW Fleet located 3.4 kbt NW from the western one of the Petushki piers; depth along the pier 2.6-4.8 m.

Berths of the Uritsky cargo area located 2 kbt NW from Pier No. 1 of the Petrozavodsk EW Fleet; depth along the berths 4.4 m.

Petrozavodsk sign installed on the northern ruined end of the breakwater of the Uritsky cargo area. In connection with the destruction of the tip of the breakwater, it is dangerous to approach it at a distance of less than 8 m.

Rescue Station Pier built 4 kbt NW from the foundation of pier No. 1 of the Petrozavodsk EW Fleet.

Berths of the Passenger District are located 4 kbt NW from the berths of the Uritsky cargo area. Depths at the berths are 2.6-5.2 m.

North Petrozavodsk Sign installed at the end of berth No. 1 of the Passenger District.

Pier of the Onega area of ​​waterways protrudes from the coast 1.6 miles NW from the berths of the Passenger District; depth at the end of the pier 2.8-4.3 m.

Waypoint of signs, installed at the base of the pier of the Onega region of waterways, leads to this pier from the Petrozavodsk Bay.

piers half-destroyed are located to the NW from the pier of the Onega area of ​​waterways; the depth at their extremities is 1.8 m.

Pier of the Zaonezhsky timber industry enterprise built 3 kbt NW from the pier of the Onega area of ​​waterways; depth at its tip is 0.8-1.3 m.

Woodworking plant pier protrudes from the coast at 5 kbt NW from the pier of the Zaonezhsky timber industry enterprise; the depth at the pier is 1.1 - 2.1 m. Between the northeastern end of the pier and the shore there are bushes of piles.

Berths of the Northern cargo area adjoin the base of the pier of the woodworking plant.

Neglinny Island low, rocky, devoid of vegetation, lies on the approach to the pier of the woodworking plant 2.3 kbt NE from its northern tip.

Sign Neglinny installed on the southeastern tip of Neglinny Island.

Bui Neglinny is set at 3 kbt to SSW from the southeastern tip of Neglinny Island.

Pier located 2 kbt to NNW from the pier of the woodworking plant; depth at the end of the pier 0.7 m.

Piers No. 1 (eastern) and 2 (western) of the house-building plant constructed 4 kbt to NNW and 6 kbt to NW from the pier of the woodworking plant. The depth at their extremities is 3 m. Pile bushes stretch from Pier No. 2 to WNW.

City of Petrozavodsk- the capital of the Republic of Karelia. It is located on terraces descending to the shore and stretches along the southwestern coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay for almost 25 km; the buildings of the city are also located on both banks of the Strait of Solomenny. The main industries are mechanical engineering and metalworking.

Strait Straw connects the top of the Petrozavodsk Bay with Lake Logmozero.

When approaching the strait, a pipe rising on its western shore serves as a good reference point.

Depths in the strait are 2-6 m. A strong current is observed in the strait, directed from Lake Logmozero to the Petrozavodsk Bay. The shores of the strait are connected by a floating bridge.

In the Strait of Straw, a channel 30 m wide was dug, the depth of which is 4.4 m; the channel is fenced with milestones along the river system.

Solomensky alignment of signs, installed on the western coast of the Solomenny Strait, leads from the Petrozavodsk Bay to the Solomenny Strait.

Bui Solomensky exhibited at the southern entrance to the Strait of Solomenny.

Lake Logmozero is located north of the Strait of Solomenny. The eastern shore of the lake is high, the western shore is low, and the southern shore is formed by steep slopes of hills.

The shores of the lake are densely populated.

Depths in the lake are 1-2 m. Soil in the middle of the lake and near the western shore is silt, covered with a thick layer of sunken remains of wood; in the northern part of the lake, near its eastern and southern shores, there is fine sand, in some places stone and pebbles, and in the southern part - silt. In the southern part of the lake there are rows of piles used for mooring rafts.

Shuya river flows into Lake Logmozero 2.5 miles NW from the northern entrance to the Strait of Solomenny. The mouth of the river is divided into three branches by two low, bushy islands; the southern of the islands is called Svetich Island.

The width of the river is 20-60 m, the depth in it is 1.8-3 m; current speed 0.2 knots.

Piles stretch across the northern branch of the river. Piles also protrude from the banks of the middle and southern branches of the river; they protect the shallow parts of the lake and serve as landmarks when traveling to the mouth of the Shuya River.

Anchor places. Anchorage areas for oil tankers are located respectively 3 kbt N and 2.7 miles NW from Cape Vygoynavolok.

The anchorage area for bulk carriers is located 1.8 miles SSE from the entrance to Straw Strait.

The anchorage, protected from all winds except strong south-easterly winds, is located 4 kbt N from the island of Lojostrov; the depth here is 18-20 m, the ground is silt. With strong southeasterly winds, significant waves arise at the anchorage. When anchoring, care must be taken not to damage the underwater cable laid along the coast.

The anchorage near the port of Petrozavodsk should be chosen depending on the direction and speed of the wind.

Guidance for swimming in the Petrozavodsk Bay. Having reached a point located 1.6 miles S from the sign Ivanovsky (61 ° 45 "N, 34 ° 39" E), you need to lie on a course of 306 ° and go to your destination. When proceeding to the berths of the woodworking and house-building plants and the Northern cargo area, you must first reach Neglinny Island. This island must be left to N if the ship is going to the berths of the woodworking plant and the Northern cargo area, and to S if the ship is heading to the berths of the house-building plant.

When proceeding to the Strait of Solomenny, it is necessary to go on a course of 306 ° to the Solomensky alignment (direction of the alignment 166.7 ° -346.7 °), after which lie down on this alignment.

90 percent of the entire water area of ​​Lake Onega is the purest water of high quality. The reservoir, according to experts, manages to maintain its original purity. This is a strategic source of fresh water, scientists are sure. However, four percent of the water area is undergoing very strong changes. These are the Petrozavodsk and Kondopoga lips.

So, for example, wastewater from the Kondopoga Pulp and Paper Mill, and indeed the entire city of wallets, has been dumped into the top part of the Kondopoga Bay for 80 years. Scientists from the Institute of Water Problems of the North, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, are convinced that due to the activity of the pulp and paper mill, a “dead zone” has formed in the ecosystem of the bay: there are no benthic animals at the bottom in the discharge area.

The founder of hydrobiological studies of the lakes of Karelia is Sergey Gerd. He began to study the reservoirs immediately after the war. On September 13, 1968, a laboratory of hydrobiology appeared in Petrozavodsk (a subdivision of the Institute of Water Problems of the North, KarRC RAS). Now the head of this laboratory is Natalya Kalinkina, Doctor of Biological Sciences.

Gerd laid the foundation for the main directions of hydrobiology - the study of zooplankton (these are the inhabitants of the water column) and benthos (the inhabitants of the bottom). These creatures were taken as a basis because they are the food base of fish.

The main object of attention of the Institute of Water Problems of the North KarRC RAS ​​is Lake Onega.

From left to right: Ivan Pravdin, founder of ichthyological research, Natalia Kalinkina, head of the laboratory of hydrobiology, KarCN RAS, Sergey Gerd. Photo: Nikolai Smirnov

PPM on the lip

The "dead zone" in the Kondopoga Bay appeared in the 1970s - the bottom in the area of ​​the outlet of pulp and paper mill waste turned out to be under a layer of poorly decomposing production waste. Later, in the early 1980s, they began to build treatment facilities in Kondopoga with a deep dispersing wastewater outlet (into Lake Onega). It was then that there was a lot of phosphorus in the lip (the main source of this element, by the way, is washing powders).

Phosphorus stimulates the growth (and in large quantities - the abundance) of aquatic plants and animals. An increase in phosphorus will lead to an outbreak of microalgae, including blue-green ones. Toxic products of their vital activity will begin to flow into the water. All this is guaranteed to degrade water quality and lead to the death of fish. In other words, the reservoir will grow old, a swamp will form in its place. This process is called eutrophication.

— It is important to note that the polluted water of the Kondopoga Bay is relatively isolated from the open Lake Onega. Firstly, this is facilitated by the narrow elongated shape of the bay. And secondly, the bottom of the Kondopoga Bay has the shape of a ladle,” says Natalia Kalinkina.

Drinking from the river

Petrozavodsk Bay suffers less from wastewater than Kondopoga Bay. They are emitted in the Sainavolok area. A biological treatment station has been installed there - everything is done as it should: “conditionally clean water” flows into Onego.

— There is another problem in the Petrozavodsk Bay: thirty storm drains worsen the quality of water. They are not equipped with any cleaning system,” says Natalia Kalinkina. - For example, several years ago, oil products were found in the storm drain, which is located between Moskovskaya and Murmanskaya streets. But there is a water intake nearby! As a temporary measure against pollution of the lake, the city administration set up a settling trap on this storm drain.

Scientists are sure that the location of the Petrozavodsk water intake was chosen incorrectly. It is located where the waters of the Shuya River pass. They, flowing into Onego, nestle against the shore on which the city stands. Shuya's water is called swamp water by the Institute's staff, with low quality.

Back in the 1990s, the Institute of Water Problems of the North recommended moving the water intake outside the Petrozavodsk Bay to the area of ​​the Ivanovskiye Islands. There, lake water is much cleaner, it would require minimal processing before getting into the apartments of the townspeople.

— Despite all the problems with the quality of the water in the Petrozavodsk Bay, its high degree of openness can be considered a positive moment. Unlike Kondopoga, we have an active water exchange with an open lake. The water in the Petrozavodsk Bay is renewed every four months. This prevents the accumulation of pollution,” adds Natalia Kalinkina.

Trout is not only tasty

The Institute of Water Problems of the North, Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, believes that trout can become a new environmental problem for Lake Onega. More precisely, the uncontrolled development of trout farms in the coastal zone.

Now a third of all commercial trout in Karelia is grown in the northwestern bays of Lake Onega. There are already more than ten trout farms. Their activities, scientists believe, should be under strict control.

- Trout is grown in cages, crowded. They feed her with organic substances that contain phosphorus and nitrogen. These substances stimulate all living things - algae, benthos, and so on. Of course, the trout in the cages does not eat all the food, it gets into the reservoir. But a lot of food is not always good.

For trout farms, the degree of flow of the reservoir is of great importance. If the flow is low, then the rapid accumulation of fish waste products and food residues can worsen the quality of water in a separate bay, - says Elena Tekanova, senior researcher at the laboratory of hydrobiology.

In Lakhtinskaya Bay, for example, after the deterioration of water quality, the trout farm was closed. The restoration of the natural properties of water and aquatic organisms occurred only after five years.

Institute scientists believe that the number of trout farms that are currently operating does not worsen the quality of the water in Lake Onega. They don't have to be abandoned. The lake is still coping with this load due to its internal self-purification abilities. The main thing is to prevent their further uncontrolled appearance. After all, the possibilities of the lake to neutralize (utilize) these pollution are not unlimited.

President and Year of Ecology

There are five laboratories in the structure of the Institute of Water Problems of the North KarRC RAS, including geography and hydrology, hydrophysics, hydrochemistry and hydrogeology, hydrobiology, paleolimnology. Scientists are sincerely worried about the state of Lake Onega, they annually conduct multi-day expeditions. They are sure that so far Onego's problems are local and largely reversible.

Maria Syarki is a senior researcher at the Laboratory of Hydrobiology at the Institute of Water Problems of the North, a specialist in zooplankton.

- To put it simply: our task is to find out who is eating whom, who is dying for what, where exactly this is happening and what all this threatens us with. We have recently evaluated the food supply of fish in Onego. We found out what kind of catches, whether they are falling. So, there is enough food for all types of fish: there are a lot of zooplankton and benthos in Onego - the food base as a whole has not changed over decades. Therefore, if there are any changes in the composition of the fish population in our lake, then the probable reasons for this are poaching or pollution.

Nevertheless, the institute's employees are sure that there is something to protect Lake Onega from. They often quote the words of President Vladimir Putin, who on November 20, 2013, at a meeting of the Russian Security Council, drew the attention of officials to problems with the provision of drinking water.

- The most serious attention will have to be paid to the restoration of Lake Baikal and the water resources of the Ladoga and Onega lakes - the largest reservoirs of fresh water. I note that the deterioration in the quality of the waters of the Ladoga and Onega lakes can lead to problems with the provision of drinking water to the entire North-Western region, the president said.

To restore Ladoga and Onego, scientists believe, it is necessary together. It is necessary to deal with this issue at the federal level, only at the regional level it is impossible: Lake Onega, for example, is located on the territory of three regions.

Now the Legislative Assembly of Karelia has prepared a law “On the protection of Lakes Ladoga and Onega”. It is already under consideration in the State Duma. Employees of the Institute hope that in the Year of Ecology it will definitely be accepted.

Climate

Usually covered with ice in November-December, breaks up in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. Storms 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923 1935, 1973, 1975, 1977, 2008 are known. Storms and storms at other times of the year are more rare, however, a storm is known on July 21, 1860, as a result of which a boat with 6 citizens sank and damage to a public wharf was caused.

Islands

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

All islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and reefs

• Bank Zimnik with the smallest depth of 2 m is located 3 miles from Cape Shuinavolok.
• The Shuinavoloksky reef is located near Cape Shuinavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega

lighthouses

Finnish-built lighter towing

Since the 1920s, there have been water lines inside Petrozavodsk Bay - a passenger pier - Sands - Solomennoe (until 1962), a passenger pier - Devil's Chair (day off line, until mid-1977), a passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil vessel appeared in the bay - "Rocket", since 1964 - "Meteors", since 1966 - "Comets", since 1986 - "Colchis". Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, Velikaya Bay and Shala.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay on displacement and high-speed vessels were widely developed, which have now been almost completely stopped.

There are several marinas for private small fleets, yachts and small hydroplanes.

History of intracity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, irregular pleasure trips were carried out on steamboats to Solomennoye, often of a charitable nature with the collection of funds to help orphans, military personnel, etc. factory and back workers of that factory. From the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger pier to Solomennoye, the ship Shipovka worked on it, from 1925 part of the flights were extended along Logmozero to Shuya.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time, flights began to operate on the line with a call to the Zimnik pier, as well as weekend flights to the piers of Peski and Chertov Stul (both steamers of the SZRP and motor boats of the Karelian OSVOD - lake trams "Soviet Karelia" and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened along the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out until the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

Since the late 1920s, the Rabochiy Vozhd cargo-passenger steamer (later named Nuorteva since 1933, Onezhets since 1938) has been operating on the line. In the 1930s, the steamships Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk also sailed on the line.

In the summer of 1941, the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company equipped the Peski pier with the organization of a passenger pavilion and ticket offices, but due to the outbreak of World War II and low passenger traffic, regular traffic to the pier was stopped.

In the post-war period, since 1945, the steamer of the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company "Narva" operated on the Petrozavodsk - Solomennoye - Zimnik line, which was replaced in 1946 by the Dzhambul received on reparations from Finland. The steamer also began to call at the pier Baraniy Bereg.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Lamb Coast line, and since the 1960s, the Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 motor ships of the Om type, Mo- 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a service of five-seater taxi boats that operated flights along the routes Petrozavodsk-Lamb Coast, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to unprofitability. The berth and the passenger pavilion were moved from Solomennoye to Chertov Stul, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger piers in Sainavolok and on Klyuchevaya with the organization of a circular weekend line Sainavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Stul - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Sainavolok.

Also in the 1960s-1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Lamb Coast line were served by service ships Mezen, Sputnik and Klaipeda.

Since the late 1970s, the motor ship "Belomorye" (type "Alexander Grin") also worked on the line - on the circular line, the water station-Zimnik-Lamb Coast - the water station. Since 1985, it was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and auxiliary "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were terminated due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company planned to organize flights to Zimnik on a Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, instead of Moskovsky-2, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line, in 2009 - the Kizhi Necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the intracity water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of Kareliaflot LLC from its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic within the bay was terminated.

Currently, from the passenger piers in the Petrozavodsk Bay (with the exception of the berths of the water station), the Baraniy Bereg berth has been preserved in an unsatisfactory condition.

Usage

From the 1930s to 1977, a hydroport operated in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, until the 1980s - an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Previously, there was fishing near the fishing collective farms of the Prionezhsky district, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and recreation areas

On the banks of the bay there are the popular Sands beach and recreation areas - Baraniy Bereg, Saynavolok, Devil's Chair.

Memorable events and places

• The crash site on August 25, 1932, of a motor boat with workers heading for wood harvesting on Baraniy Bereg. 6 people died, including 4 foreign workers. 4 people were saved by the boat "Osnova" that came to the rescue.
• The place of death of the barge with the evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by the Kingisepp steamer was fired by a Finnish battery in the area of ​​​​the Ivanovsky Islands, killing more than 100 people.
• Landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944
• The storm of 1977 - the Petrozavodsk hydroport and seaplanes were damaged, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.

In contact with

Before the appearance of the settlement, which gave the name to the city and the bay, it was unofficially called Solomensky Bay, Solomenskaya Bay or Lake Solomyalakhta.

The bay juts out into the western shore of Lake Onega between Cape Korsolma and Cape Shuinavolok, 5.1 miles away. It is connected with Logmozero by the Solomensky Strait. Lososinka, Neglinka, Studenets and a number of other rivers flow into Petrozavodsk Bay. The bay serves industrial, transport and recreational purposes for the residents of Petrozavodsk, water is taken from its waters for the needs of the city. Maximum depths - more than 25 m.

Nature

Petrozavodsk Bay is a traditional habitat for fish - smelt, vendace, ruff, perch, roach, three-spined and nine-spined stickleback, sculpin, bleak. Of the valuable breeds, one can single out the Shuya whitefish, salmon and others. This is one of the main spawning grounds for burbot in Lake Onega. Petrozavodsk Bay is a habitat for wild real ducks and gulls. vegetation - traditional for Lake Onega - sedge, reeds, horsetail, from aquatic plants - elodea and others.

Shipping

For a long time, the Petrozavodsk Bay has been navigable, even before the founding of Petrozavodsk, fishermen hunted in it, and it was also used by the inhabitants of the Shuisky churchyard, the monks of the Solovetsky monastery.

With the founding of the city, the city was supplied mainly by water, the products of the Petrovsky Plant were also transported by water. The first steamboat (towing) in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay appeared in August 1828, since 1860 the passenger steamboat service of the Petrozavodsk pier with St. Petersburg, later with Povenets and Shala, began.

Since the 1920s, there have been water lines inside Petrozavodsk Bay - a passenger pier - Sands - Solomennoe (until 1962), a passenger pier - Devil's Chair (day off line, until mid-1977), a passenger pier - Zimnik (until 2005) - Lamb Coast (until 2009).

Sok Os, CC0 1.0

In 1960, the first high-speed hydrofoil vessel appeared in the bay - "Rocket", since 1964 - "Meteors", since 1966 - "Comets", since 1986 - "Colchis". Currently, there are high-speed water lines to Kizhi, Sennaya Bay, Velikaya Bay and Shala.

In the post-war period, pleasure trips along the Petrozavodsk Bay on displacement and high-speed vessels were widely developed, which have now been almost completely stopped.

There are several marinas for private small fleets, yachts and small hydroplanes.

History of intracity passenger water lines within the bay

Until the 1920s, irregular pleasure trips were carried out on steamboats to Solomennoye, often of a charitable nature with the collection of funds to help orphans, military personnel, etc. factory and back workers of that factory.

Sok Os, CC0 1.0

From the beginning of 1923, the North-Western River Shipping Company opened a line from the passenger pier to Solomennoye, the ship Shipovka worked on it, from 1925 part of the voyages were extended along Logmozero to the Shuya River.

Since 1928, the Kudama steamer has been operating on the line, at the same time, flights began to be operated on the line with a call to the Zimnik pier, as well as weekend flights to the piers of Peski and Chertov Stul (both steamers of the SZRP and motor boats of the Karelian OSVOD - lake trams "Soviet Karelia" and No. 2).

In winter, from February 1929, a bus line to Solomennoye was opened along the ice of the Petrozavodsk Bay, flights were carried out until the construction of the road to Solomennoye.

Since the late 1920s, the Rabochiy Vozhd cargo-passenger steamer (later named Nuorteva since 1933, Onezhets since 1938) has been operating on the line.

In the 1930s, the steamships Rosa Luxemburg and Petrozavodsk also sailed on the line.

In the summer of 1941, the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company equipped the Peski pier with the organization of a passenger pavilion and ticket offices, but due to the outbreak of World War II and low passenger traffic, regular traffic to the pier was stopped.

In the post-war period, since 1945, the steamer of the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company "Narva" operated on the Petrozavodsk - Solomennoye - Zimnik line, which was replaced in 1946 by the Dzhambul received on reparations from Finland. The steamer also began to call at the pier Baraniy Bereg.

In 1959, the Okun boat began to operate on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Lamb Coast line, and since the 1960s, the Lermontov, Dnepro-Bug, Om-337 and Om-344 motor ships of the Om type, Mo- 94, M-172.

In 1960-1962, there was a service of five-seater taxi boats that operated flights along the routes Petrozavodsk-Lamb Coast, Petrozavodsk-Zimnik, Petrozavodsk-Chertov Stul, Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye.

In 1962, the Petrozavodsk-Solomennoye line was closed due to unprofitability. The berth and the passenger pavilion were moved from Solomennoye to Chertov Stul, where weekend flights began to operate (until 1977).

There were plans to build new passenger piers in Sainavolok and on Klyuchevaya with the organization of a circular weekend line Sainavolok - Klyuchevaya - Water Station - Sands - Straw - Devil's Stul - Zimnik - Baraniy Bereg - Sainavolok.

Also in the 1960s and 1970s, additional flights on the Petrozavodsk-Zimnik-Lamb Coast line were served by service ships Mezen, Sputnik and Klaipeda.

Since the late 1970s, the motor ship "Belomorye" (type "Alexander Grin") also worked on the line - on the circular line, the water station-Zimnik-Lamb Coast - the water station. Since 1985, it was replaced by Moskovsky-2. In the 1990s, the service and auxiliary "Captain Zaonegin" also worked on the line.

In 2004, flights to Zimnik were terminated due to the destruction of the pier by the elements, only the line to Baraniy Bereg remained.

In 2006, the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company planned to organize flights to Zimnik on a Khivus-10-70 hovercraft, but only a few flights were made. In 2008, instead of Moskovsky-2, the Belomorye vessel began to serve the line, in 2009 - the Kizhi Necklace (Moskovsky-23). In 2010, the intracity water line water station - Baraniy Bereg was finally closed due to the refusal of Kareliaflot LLC from its earlier obligations to carry out transportation. With the closure of this line, regular passenger traffic within the bay was terminated.

At present, from the passenger piers in the Petrozavodsk Bay (with the exception of the berths of the water station), the Baraniy Bereg berth has been preserved in an unsatisfactory condition.

Usage

From the 1930s to 1977, a hydroport operated in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, until the 1980s - an ice platform for An-2 aircraft.

Until the 1980s, there was a timber rafting of the Shuya rafting office. On the shores of the bay, various vessels were built and tested in the water area - fishing vessels (MRB and others) of the Petrozavodsk shipyard, tugboats and barges of the Petrozavodsk ship repair and shipbuilding plant, cargo ships and warships of the Avangard plant, at present - wooden shipbuilding vessels of various shipbuilders of Petrozavodsk. There is a project for the construction and testing of ekranoplanes.

Previously, there was fishing near the fishing collective farms of the Prionezhsky district, at present - only recreational fishing.

In winter, the lip is actively used by lovers of winter sports.

Beaches and recreation areas

On the banks of the bay there are Sands beach, popular among the townspeople, and places of rest - Baraniy Bereg, Sainavolok, Chertov Stul.

Photo gallery

Useful information

Petrozavodsk Bay
Petrozavodsk Bay
before the appearance of the settlement that gave the name to the city and the bay, it was unofficially called Solomensky Bay, Solomenskaya Bay or Lake Solomyalakhta

Morphometric parameters

• Mirror surface - 72.6 km²
• The volume of water mass - 1.0 km³
• Coastline - 35 km
• Average depth - 15.0 m

Climate

Usually covered with ice in November-December, breaks up in early May. In September-November, storms are frequent, often ending in the destruction of coastal buildings and ships. Storms of 1841, 1880, 1903, 1923 1935, 1973, 1975, 1977, 2008 are known. Storms and storms at other times of the year are more rare, however, a case of a storm on July 21, 1860 is known, as a result of which a boat with 6 citizens sank and damage was caused public pier.

Islands

• Neglinny (Kalinina or Neglin) is located in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 0.6 km from the coast, in the alignment of st. Krasnodontsev. The second name of the island comes from the surname of a trading Karelian peasant from the village of Ongamuksy of the Spasopreobrazhensky volost, Alexei Kalinin, who owned a sawmill located on the island before the October Revolution. Subsequently, the production buildings of the Petrozavodsk concentration camp for corrective labor (1920s), fuel depots and forests of the White Sea-Onega Shipping Company were located on the island. In 1946, the Solomennoye - Neglin Ostrov water line was in operation. Currently uninhabited. The island has a navigation sign and the flag of Russia. There are projects to connect the island and the mainland with a bridge and turn it into a recreational area.
• Loyostrov is located in the waters of the Petrozavodsk Bay, 0.9 km from the coast, to the south of the city forests. Previously, there was a pier and BOP fuel depots. On the southeastern tip of the island there is a navigation sign and the flag of Russia. Uninhabited. There were proposals to establish a historical and cultural center on the island.
• Ivanovsky Islands lie at the exit from the Petrozavodsk Bay:
  • Nikolsky. Before the revolution, there was a chapel on the island in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
  • Koivostrov.
  • Wise.
  • Pedai.
  • Madostrov.
  • Ivanovsky.

• A small island of artificial origin near the former Avangard plant.

All islands belong to the territory of Petrozavodsk.

Banks and reefs

• Bank Zimnik with the smallest depth of 2 m is located 3 miles from Cape Shuinavolok.
• The Shuinavoloksky reef is located near Cape Shuinavolok, next to Hare Bay.

Piers and marinas

• Pier and breakwater Vygoynavolok.
• Pier of a water pumping station in the southeast of the city of Petrozavodsk.
• Berths of the former plant "Avangard".
• Pierce of the Ministry of Emergency Situations.
• The pier of the former Petrozavodsk shipyard (CJSC "Varyag").
• The pier of the fish factory and the new pier of the yacht club (port "Peski").
• Berth of the Southern cargo area.
• Piers and dam of the port of Petushki (landing stage in a semi-submerged state, several dilapidated berths).
• Pier of the city yacht club.
• Pier club "Polar Odyssey".
• Berths of the Onega Shipbuilding Plant (former piers of the Uritsky cargo area of ​​the Petrozavodsk port and the Petrozavodsk repair and maintenance base of the fleet).
• Passenger pier Petrozavodsk is equipped on the southwestern coast of the Petrozavodsk Bay. Previously belonged to the Petrozavodsk port.
• Destroyed piers of the old pier and Dynamo water station. In a flooded state, in shallow water, they protrude from the water. In the 1990s, this place was the museum "Ark of the Odysseys".
• Pier of the Onega district of the waterways of the White Sea Canal (in the alignment of Moskovskaya Street)
• Ruined piers along the Varkaus embankment.
• Pier of the former Northern cargo section of the Petrozavodsk port. Breakwater (partially built from a pre-war lighter).
• Pier woodworking plant.
• Piers of a house-building plant.
• Pier of Petrozavodskmash.
• Landing stage and piers of the former yacht port Peski.
• Pier in Solomennoye.
• A dilapidated pier near the floating bridge across the Solomensky Strait.
• Remains of the pier at the Zimnik pier.
• Pier in the Lamb Coast.

lighthouses

The first lighthouse in the bay was built by Peter the Great on the top floor of the church in the name of the supreme apostles Peter and Paul in Petrozavodsk. For a long time, the Konstantinovsky lighthouse functioned on the Petrozavodsk pier. At present, an automatic lighthouse has been preserved on the Ivanovsky Islands.

Memorable events and places

• The crash site on August 25, 1932 of a motor boat with workers heading to harvest firewood on the Baraniy Bereg. 6 people died, including 4 foreign workers. Four people were saved by the boat "Osnova" that came to the rescue.
• The place of death of the barge with the evacuated residents of Petrozavodsk. In September 1941, a barge towed by the Kingisepp steamer was fired by a Finnish artillery battery in the area of ​​​​the Ivanovo Islands, killing more than 100 people.
• Landing site of the Onega military flotilla on June 28, 1944.
• The storm of 1977, as a result of which the Petrozavodsk hydroport and seaplanes were damaged, was one of the reasons for the liquidation of the port.
• Museum lake icebreaker "Neva" of project 16 of the "Don" type built in 1958 and the museum center "Polar Odyssey".

EXPEDITION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS OF THE SEA AND WATER

Expedition of the Department of Physics of the Sea and Land Waters to Lake Onega

September 14, 2007 2 5th year students and 2 employees of the Department of Physics of the Sea and Land Waters of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University went on an expedition to Lake Onega in Karelia. Evening, Leningradsky railway station, branded train "Karelia" - and behind all the hassle of preparing for the expedition, sending a car with valuable equipment, signing the last documents, etc. Ahead - 8 days of hard, but such interesting work.

On September 15, the group arrived on board the ship "Ecolog". After a short rest, the car with the equipment was unloaded, and by the evening the entire measuring complex was assembled. On the 16th in the morning, the expedition, which included students Dolgopolov Yu.M., Litvinov E.A. and SNS PhD Budnikov A.A., under the guidance of VNS PhD Samolyubov B.I. start of measurement. The work was carried out jointly with the scientific group of the Institute of Water Problems of the North KarRC RAS.

Lake Onega (Onego) is the second largest freshwater lake in Europe, occupying the 20th in area and 24th in volume among the lakes of the Earth. The length of the lake is 245 km, the width is 88 km, the area is 9943 sq. km, maximum depth - 119 m. Lake Onega is a key link in a single deep-water system of the European part of Russia, connecting the Baltic and White Seas, as well as having access to the Black and Azov Seas. 52 rivers flow into the lake.

The studies continued for 6 days. On September 17, the group received significant reinforcements in the person of the head of the Department of Physics of the Sea and Land Waters, Professor K.V. Pokazeev. Konstantin Vasilievich specially came to Lake Onega to make sure that the expensive modern equipment recently purchased by the department works efficiently and reliably. The fact is that during the expedition, a measuring complex was used, which included, in addition to the probes and the gradient installation that were used earlier, new high-precision equipment: the RDCP-600 Doppler current velocity profiler and the RCM 9 LW multi-parameter probe.

These instruments, manufactured by AANDERAA INSTRUMENTS (Norway), allow recording not only the vertical distributions of the current velocity vector, but also temperature, electrical conductivity, water turbidity, and dissolved oxygen concentration. All measurements were accompanied by continuous recording of meteorological parameters. Invaluable assistance in the development of this new equipment was provided by V.V. Elisov, a leading researcher at INFOMAR Company LLC, who was also a member of the expedition.

The tasks of the expedition included: 1. Measurements of the distributions of current velocities, concentrations of salts, oxygen, suspension and water temperature over the depth of the lake (along the entire length of the streams studied) and performing long-term series of soundings over time. 2. Study of water dynamics and diffusion of impurities to study the mechanisms of mass transfer and develop methods for predicting the formation of water quality in the lake under the influence of stratified currents.

On the first day of measurements, Petrozavodsk Bay was surveyed at 15 stations using Sea-Sun, RCM 9 LW probes, an Expert coductometer and oximeter, and a transparency meter. The work was carried out in conditions close to calm. Intensive measurements yielded interesting results.

The structure of the flow velocity fields and water composition parameters in the Petrozavodsk Bay is revealed. A near-bottom thermally stratified current was discovered, which carried impurities from the bay to the open lake. The flow trajectory ran along the line of maximum depths away from the water intake zone of the water supply system of Petrozavodsk.

	Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onega

Thus, the current registered and studied by us in detail prevented the dangerous involvement of pollution from the Shuya River into this system. Such involvement is especially strong during the periods of development of the spring and autumn thermal bar in the lake. The main part of impurities, at least significant ones, was transported from the mouth of the river. Shuya current discovered by our expedition. The thickness of the near-bottom flow, propagating at depths up to 35 m, was 2–4 m, the speed reached 12 cm/s. When leaving the bay into an open lake, the current broke off from the bottom and moved in the form of an underwater jet over the surface of waters of higher density.

Work on the expedition on Lake Onega was carried out from dawn to dusk, and even around the clock	Preparation for measurements of temperature distributions, electrical conductivity, water turbidity and concentration of dissolved oxygen. 5th year student E.A. Litvinov

On the axial line of the recorded current, regular observations were made at a daily station with measurements of the current velocity profiles over the entire depth from the surface to the bottom at a point with a depth of 26 m every 10 min with an RDCP-600 Doppler meter placed on the bottom. At the same time, temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity, concentration of dissolved oxygen, and changes in the water surface level were measured with the same discreteness on the setting horizon.

At the same time, using Sea-Sun probes, RCM 9 LW, coductometer and oximeter "Expert" and a transparent meter developed at our department, with a discreteness of 30 minutes, detailed records were made of vertical distributions of temperature, electrical conductivity of water, concentrations of dissolved oxygen, suspension and chlorophyll-a. The structure of the currents was determined mainly by strong drift currents caused by the wind from the side of the open lake. The processes of energy transfer from the drift current to the near-bottom current and the accompanying transformations of temperature distributions and impurity concentrations, including the effect of bottom erosion by the current, were recorded and traced in detail. The wind-surge circulation that developed under such conditions (southeast wind) ensured an active inflow of cold waters from the open lake into the Petrozavodsk Bay. There was no near-bottom flow from the bay during this period.

A series of soundings similar in terms of the composition of the measured parameters and methodology, but shorter, was carried out in the central part of the Petrozavodsk Bay during the period of developing waves under other synoptic conditions determined by the southwesterly wind. On September 19, work had to be interrupted for several hours due to a storm warning. As much as I wanted to continue measuring in excitement, they don’t joke with the elements. However, the data obtained in this series of observations made it possible to trace the evolution of the current structures throughout the entire depth of the lake with an increase in the drift flow with a characteristic Ekman rotation of the current velocity vector with increasing depth. In the 3-5 m near-bottom layer, above which intensive mixing of waters developed, there was a gravitational density flow from the bay to the open lake, enhanced by energy transfer from the drift current with a geostrophic rotation of the velocity vector. The hydrodynamic stability of this flow was maintained despite the waves. It was provided by a lower temperature of bottom waters and an equalization of the distribution of water density in the overlying layers. Moreover, an additional decrease in the temperature of bottom waters in the bay was associated with the synoptic and hydrodynamic conditions, the measurements in which were carried out in the previous series of soundings.

The results of the final section along the axial line of the Petrozavodsk Bay in conditions of weak waves generally confirmed the above conclusions of the primary analysis of the data obtained on the first section and in two series of soundings using a Doppler current profiler RDCP-600 placed on the bottom (at autonomous buoy stations). As in the first section, the work was carried out using multi-parameter probes Sea-Sun, RCM 9 LW, coductometer and oximeter "Expert" and transparency. The emission of turbidity clouds containing suspended matter with pollution from the near-bottom stratified current to the water surface was recorded. This effect, which is important from the point of view of taking into account the impact of such currents on the processes of formation of water quality, was also recorded in series of soundings at urgent stations.

In the course of research on Lake Onega, circulation and near-bottom stratified currents were discovered. Spatio-temporal transformations of structures of current velocity fields and water composition parameters are considered. New data on the influence of hydrodynamic processes on the transport of impurities in the Petrozavodsk bay of the lake have been obtained.

Now comes the most interesting part - the analysis of the results of the hydrophysical studies, as well as data on the distribution of the hydrochemical characteristics of the lake waters, obtained by our colleagues from the Institute of Water Problems of the North, KarRC RAS. Methods for mathematical modeling of the observed processes will be developed. Theoretical work will be enough for the whole year. And in the summer - new expeditions to the seas, lakes and reservoirs with the participation of students, graduate students and employees of the Department of Physics of the Sea and Land Waters.

Students of the 530th group

Dolgopolov Yu.M., Litvinov E.A.