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Goa is the main resort of the country, as is often the case, completely different from the rest of India. The coastline here stretches for 110 km, forming 40 beautiful beaches. The state is divided into Northern and Southern parts, the border between which is Fort Aguada.

According to legend, the first European to set foot on the soil of Goa - the Portuguese Afonso Albuquerque - wanted to exclaim “Wow!”, but choked on port wine - he was so amazed by the view. The colonialists immediately made Old Goa the capital of Portuguese India, recognizing that the buildings they discovered were superior in beauty to all the temples of the previously subjugated East. By that time, the history of India had already spanned more than 4 thousand years. The small Indian state remained under the yoke of Europeans for more than 400 years, until the mid-20th century, but it did not lose its identity, and it is now difficult to imagine a freer land.

People go to Goa mainly for beach holidays and Ayurveda - all diseases of the “big city” are quickly cured here by local massage therapists and other healers. Goa's excursion program is not rich; local attractions include the Dudhsagar waterfall, the village of Hampi with a bunch of ancient ruins, and popular outdoor activities include boat trips and fishing.

Hotels and guesthouses located in South Goa are considered expensive, and not only by Indian standards. They are popular among wealthy Europeans and wealthy Indians. The complete opposite is North Goa, relatively inexpensive, noisy and democratic - in the 60s. This place was chosen by hippies and stayed there. Today, the numerous villages of North Goa are inhabited mainly by partygoers from America and Europe, thanks to whom these regions have become famous throughout the world.

How to get to Goa

Goa became a tourist destination not so long ago, about 50 years ago, when hippies began to arrive on the coast along circuitous routes - by land and sea. In the mid-1960s. Dabolim Airport, the state's only air hub, opened its doors to international travelers. Since then, the Dabolim terminal annually receives about 200 thousand tourists from Europe and Russia. Travel time from Moscow is 7-9 hours, ticket prices start from 325 USD round trip.

Search flights to Goa

By train or bus

Some tourists travel to Goa by train. To do this, you need to fly to Mumbai and take a train to Goa there. This option is attractive because of its low cost - tickets to Mumbai are usually significantly cheaper than directly to Dabolim, even taking into account the cost of a train ticket. The train takes 9-13 hours, before buying a ticket, check if there is a stop at the station you need. There are also trains from Delhi to Goa, but you will have to spend about 30 hours on the road, and the savings are quite dubious.

Resorts of South Goa

• Dona Paula, Bogmalo, Colva, Benaulim, Palolem, Cavelossim, Mobor, Majorda.

What to try

Some tourists are cautious about Indian food, fearing the abundance of spices. However, Goan cuisine is as Europeanized as possible and least spicy compared to the rest of the country, so you can safely try it. However, while vacationing in Goa, it is really worth taking some precautions: drink water only from a bottle and do not buy food from street vendors.

Seafood is a kind of calling card of local cuisine. Crabs, shrimp, lobsters, clams, octopus, sharks, squid, lobsters, etc. Grilled or oven-baked, in coconut milk or semolina crust - the fish menu of even a small restaurant is usually quite varied. But people here don’t like to cook meat, especially beef, and in some places they don’t even know how to cook it, since the cow is a sacred animal for Hindus.

Pay attention to the Indian version of pilaf - “biryani”. The dish is prepared from rice and meat, chicken or seafood and is quite hot in taste due to the abundance of spices. When placing an order, do not forget to emphasize “note of spice.”

Another interesting local dish is “siesler”: a side dish and meat (or fish) are fried on foil or a frying pan and placed on cabbage leaves. The whole secret of the original taste is in the signature sauce, which each chef has his own.

Flatbreads in Goa are prepared so masterfully that they are often served as a main dish. Paratha flatbreads are baked with ghee and sour cream, and then served with spicy vegetables and spices. Garlic or cheese naan (other flatbreads), in turn, are inimitable when paired with tomato soup.

Many Indians adhere to the laws of Ayurveda - the “science of life”, according to which it is enough just to eat right to stay young and healthy for a long time.

Paneer tikka, a dish of traditional cheese rolled in spices and grilled, is also popular among tourists. Paneer can be prepared in dozens of other ways; this cheese is healthy and very popular in India.

Bean or lentil soup “dal” is also valued by tourists for its aroma and unique taste. This vegetarian dish, flavored with herbs and spices, is a daily food for most Hindus.

Most Indians are vegetarians; in some restaurants and cafes (especially for locals) there are no meat dishes at all, and local chefs have no equal in the art of cooking vegetables. Try sabji, a mixed vegetable flavored with spices.

Local desserts may seem too sweet, but they are definitely worth a try. Burfi, a milk fudge that may contain berries, coconut, nuts, saffron, rose water and other ingredients, has a very delicate taste.

Cafes and restaurants in Goa

There are cafes and restaurants at every turn in Goa - they love and know how to cook delicious food here. Shekis are especially popular among tourists - tiny shacks that line the beaches during the tourist season. These are local fast food restaurants - there is not much choice of dishes, but everything is cheap and tasty.

Shek food can be ordered directly to the beach lounger, and the prices in such establishments are very affordable - soup costs about 120-150 INR, shrimp - from 400 INR, cooked shark will cost 700-800 INR. For drinks - juices and smoothies (very tasty, by the way) - you will pay about 100-120 INR. It may seem that cooking conditions in Shek are quite unsanitary, but complaints about stomach problems are rare here. Each owner of the outlet values ​​​​his reputation, and rumors about stale shrimp and dirty plates spread along the coast very quickly.

Restaurants in Goa delight with variety: they serve literally everything - from Indian curries to bloody schnitzels. However, it is better to give preference to local cuisine; local chefs do it best, although there are also quite a lot of Italians with pizzerias here.

The average bill in a regular Goan restaurant is 1200-1600 INR; a dinner with alcohol for two will cost from 2000 INR.

Best photos of Goa

Entertainment and attractions

Old Goa

The city of Old Goa, built by the Portuguese colonialists in the early 16th century, is one of the most visited places in the state. First of all, it is famous for its architecture - over the centuries, Europeans built majestic cathedrals here, which are now included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Particular attention of tourists and pilgrims is attracted by St. Catherine's Cathedral - the largest Catholic church in India and one of the largest in Asia. Here is the chapel of the Miraculous “growing” Cross, which was carved by a local shepherd in the 17th century. According to legend, the Savior appeared to the shepherd on this crucifix, after which the monks decided to erect a chapel around the cross. And it miraculously increased during construction to the size of the Calvary cross. They say the relic grows to this day, heals the sick and grants wishes.

The Goa Archaeological Museum is part of the complex of St. Catherine's Cathedral; it is located in the Church of St. Francis of Assisi. Each of the museum's galleries is dedicated to a different historical period of the state. The museum exhibits both artifacts from prehistoric times, as well as objects from the Middle Ages and modern times.

The Basilica of the Merciful Jesus (Bon Jesus) in Old Goa is also a center of Catholic pilgrimage, as the relics of the Spanish missionary Francis Xavier are kept here. During the three years he spent in southern India, the preacher built about 40 temples, and after his death he was canonized and received the status of patron of Goa.

The current Church of St. Cajetan is considered one of the most beautiful and memorable temples of Old Goa. The building has been restored, so the appearance of the temple is truly impressive. In it you will see a wooden platform covering an old well. According to some historians, this well is the only thing that remains of an ancient Hindu temple that once existed on this site.

Fortress structures

As you know, Goa was under the influence of European expansion for a long time; Portugal recognized Indian sovereignty over the state only at the end of the last century. In an effort to strengthen their positions, the colonialists built many forts in Goa. Today these are dilapidated fortress walls, but the views offered to tourists are exciting. It is strange to see silent military cities and cannons entangled in vines next to serene beaches.

The impregnable Aguada Fortress, located on the outskirts of Candolim Beach, is considered one of the best preserved fortifications in Goa. The fort was built in the early 17th century and served as a bastion against the Germans and British. The most significant building in the fortress is an impressively sized lighthouse, which is no longer operational today.

Chapora Fort was built by the Portuguese in 1612; it has been in ruins since the late 19th century. You can climb to the fortress, which stands on a hill, from Vagator beach. Essentially, these are just the remains of walls - sand and stones, but the fortifications offer stunning views of the ocean. There is a tradition among tourists to spend the last evening of their stay in Goa here.

Korjum Fort, built by the Portuguese in 1705, is located a few kilometers from the Aldona settlement. It is in good condition - the loopholes are best preserved, a sign with a coat of arms is visible above the main entrance, and very close by is the Catholic altar, to which flowers and candles are still carried. Guides tell tourists about a girl named Ursula Lancastre, who was so eager to serve at the fort that she dressed up as a man. After exposure, she managed to remain unpunished and even remained in the fortress, marrying the captain.

One of the most beautiful fortresses, Yashwantgad (Redi Fort) is located on the border of the states of Goa and Maharashtra, not far from Paradise Beach. The fort resembles an enchanted castle - powerful banyan trees and fancy flowers emerge from the loopholes, and the fortifications are permeated with vines. The pristine beauty of the nearby beach and absolute silence only enhance the overall impression of an ancient fairy tale.

Reserves

The largest protected area in Goa is Bhagwan Mahavir. The sanctuary occupies an area of ​​240 km² on the border with the state of Karnataka on the slopes of the Western Ghats. "Bhagwan Mahavir" is inhabited by elephants, tigers, bears, leopards, porcupines, as well as a huge number of birds, reptiles and insects. The famous Dudhsagar Falls and the Mahadeva Temple, built in the 13th century, are located on its territory. This is the oldest surviving temple in the state; in February-March, Mahashivratri, the “great night of Shiva,” is celebrated here on a grand scale. Those who do not sleep during the holiday are promised material prosperity and a place in heaven in the sacred books.

The small but very popular Bandla Nature Reserve can be reached by taking a bus from Panaji and Margao. Its area is only 8 square meters. km, but there is something to see there. During your walk you will meet elephants, peacocks, wild boars and huge squirrels, but dangerous predators - leopards and panthers - live in fenced areas. To see them, you need to be patient.

In the Cotigao Nature Reserve, 12 km from Palolem, there are no dangerous cats, but colorful tropical birds and insects live. The area of ​​86 km² has good trails and two observation towers. Due to the proximity of rivers, the vegetation here is so lush that sunlight has difficulty penetrating through the thickets where hyenas, porcupines and bears roam.

Not far from the city of Valpoi there is a large reserve "Mhadei Wildlife" - the residence of Bengal tigers, it is also known as the "tiger corridor". This predator is considered the national animal of India. But finding it in its natural habitat is not so easy; more often than not, their appearance in Mhadei is recorded by cameras, not by people. From time to time, local authorities question the permanent residence of tigers in the reserve.

The Salima Ali Bird Sanctuary, located near Panaji on Chorao Island, is home to about four hundred species of birds. The Kingfisher Kingfisher is often found here. This little bird is a unique symbol of Goa; it even became the logo of a popular Indian beer. This fact misleads tourists; some are even sure that this bird bears the name of beer, and not vice versa.

Storks, ducks and herons also rest in the swamps of the reserve. Visitors can meet otters, jackals, crocodiles and even flying foxes.

On the Mhadei River there is one of the most beautiful sights of Goa - the Dudhsagar waterfall, whose waters fall from a height of 310 m.

The waterfall is most active during the rainy season, but getting there during this period is almost impossible.

India remains the world leader in spice production. Chili, cardamom, saffron, cinnamon, coriander, cumin, mustard, turmeric, asafoetida, etc. are grown here. On numerous plantations you can not only see how all these spices grow, but also be treated to a well-seasoned lunch, as well as receive individual advice Ayurvedic doctor about the benefits of specific herbs.

10 things to do in Goa

1. Go to an Ayurvedic doctor and get cured of any disease without taking pills.
2. Do yoga on the beach and realize that chakras are not a myth.
3. Find the head of Shiva on Vagator beach, take a photo with it and show off to the less fortunate.
4. Go to a Vedic astrologer and finally understand your purpose.
5. Get a temporary henna tattoo - mehendi - just before departure to surprise your family with a fancy pattern.
6. Go to the market in Arpora, learn how to bargain and buy a bunch of clothes for three times cheaper.
7. Order grilled shark for dinner at a ridiculous price, and then try all the Goan seafood.
8. Visit an elephant show, watch them play football, climb on one of them and let yourself be doused with water from their trunk.
9. Dance until the morning at a trance party.
10. Pet the local cow, if it’s not scary, and thus receive absolution.

Trans parties

Goa is the birthplace of the trance music genre of the same name (it’s for the sake of mega-parties that crowds of people from all over the globe flock here), and a blessed place where people for marijuana are first threatened with life imprisonment, and then they wag their fingers and are released for ten bucks.

There are official places where you can safely come after midnight and dance wildly until the morning (for example, Hill Top, where admission is free for “whites”). And there are mysterious semi-legal “parties” about which until the last moment nothing is known: where exactly they will take place and whether they will take place at all. It all depends on whether the organizers are able to reach an agreement with local authorities. But literally a quarter of an hour after receiving permission, any local child will know the exact place and time of the disco, not to mention taxi drivers and sari sellers.

Popular excursions in Goa

The following excursions are especially popular among tourists: “The Gold of Vasco da Gama”, a cruise on the “pirate” schooner “Visiting the Banderlogs”, an excursion to Mumbai, a two-day jeep excursion to the abandoned city of Hampi and “Explore Goa!” - an excursion for respectable white tourists through the crazy night Goa of hippies and ravers.

The state's most famous natural attraction, Dudhsagar Falls, is also in demand, as is the Spices and Crocodiles tour to the Savoy Spice Garden and a boat ride along the Kumbarhua Canal in search of these cute animals. Extreme lovers will enjoy the excursion “The Jungle Book - 1” (one-day excursion into the mountain jungle, rafting on the river on bamboo rafts, lunch, elephant rides), as well as “The Jungle Book - 2” (a two-day excursion combining the program “The Jungle Book - 1” with a walk to a waterfall, yoga lessons and accommodation in clay huts).

Goa for children

The warm sea and sandy beaches make Goa an excellent place for families with children; the main thing is to choose a clean area with developed infrastructure. In this regard, the resorts of the southern coast can be called more suitable - the northern states are much more crowded than in the south.

However, sun, sea and sand are not the guarantee of an interesting holiday. Goa has plenty of entertainment for children, including very young ones. Little ones will love a visit to the Butterfly Park at Pond. A great attraction for older kids is a walk to the dolphin habitats. School-age children will also be delighted by the local nature reserves, where rare animals and strange birds can be found. And a trip to an ancient dilapidated fortress, such as Fort Aguada, can be a real adventure for any “Jack Sparrow”.

Almost all travel agencies, regardless of the season, offer their clients tours to Goa. Some believe that this is the name of a distant exotic country. An ordinary person does not always have the time and desire to delve into the intricacies of geography. Meanwhile, India awaits tourists. The Goa islands are located in the ocean, not far from its coast.

Heaven on Earth

It just so happens that the smallest of all Indian states over the past few decades has become one of the most sought-after tourist destinations not only in this country, but throughout the world. In addition to luxurious beach holidays along the entire hundred-kilometer stretch of the state’s ocean coast, the islands of Goa, traditionally considered one of the centers of world diving, also attract the attention of tourists. For many, they are the visible embodiment of the dream of heaven on Earth.

On the shores of the Indian Ocean

The coast of the Indian state of Goa became widely known in the sixties of the last century. It was this part of the globe that numerous hippies from America and Europe chose as a place of pilgrimage. And they can be understood - it is not so easy to find another, equally paradise, corner in the world to escape from civilization. In this country of eternal summer and sun, one could exist for as long as desired, without thinking about tomorrow and without stressing. But many years have passed since then. And over the past half century, thanks to its many kilometers of ocean beaches, Goa has received the status of an internationally recognized resort. Considerable investments were made into the business, thanks to which a modern-level tourism infrastructure was built on the coast of the state. The Goa Islands are less affected by the influence of civilization.

Far from the shore and in the depths

There are eight islands off the coast of the state. But when the Goa islands are mentioned, most often they mean only three of them - St. George, Netrani and Grand. They are the most popular among tourists and sports divers. The rest are less known. Holidays on the Goa islands usually involve getting to know the underwater world. These areas of land in the Indian Ocean are especially attractive for those who like to dive to depth, which is explained by a number of circumstances. From the subequatorial climate comfortable for humans to the large number of merchant sailing ships that had the misfortune of sinking in these waters in previous centuries. And of course, what also matters is the enchanting beauty of the underwater flora and fauna, which exceeds the wildest expectations.

What does a person look for in the depths?

It is interesting to note the fact that, once on the Goa islands, even those who had never thought of it before take up diving. The situation here is conducive to this. Even ordinary office employees often become sports divers in the Indian Ocean. This is how the circumstances developed. The Goa islands are barely distinguishable on the map, but based on the totality of their natural and climatic conditions, they can be considered unique. The transparency of the waters off the coast alone exceeds 25 meters. And in the Indian Ocean the temperature is extremely stable, always within 25 degrees Celsius. And anyone who dives into this water can easily enjoy communication with the inhabitants of the depths, of which there are countless numbers. But tunas and moray eels look most striking against the backdrop of colorful corals. There are a lot of turtles, dolphins, crabs, cuttlefish and shellfish. There are even sharks.

St. George Island

But despite all the fascination of communicating with the underwater world, one should approach its exploration with caution. The ocean does not tolerate neglect. Diving to depth requires a certain level of athletic training. There are several diving bases on St. George Island. Here, experienced instructors will help even those who have no skills at all to master basic skills in the underwater environment in a short time. For the equivalent of forty dollars, you can take a basic diving course. It takes one day and boils down to successive complication and mastery of deeper dives. Of course, mastering subsequent stages of this skill takes a little longer and requires additional expenses. Also, when heading to St. George and other islands of Goa, you can count on good fishing. It fits perfectly with classes

Pirate treasures - myth or reality?

Over the centuries-old history of navigation in the Indian Ocean, where the Goa Islands are located, many ships have sunk. For centuries, traditional trade routes passed through this area of ​​water. According to the most conservative estimates, there are hundreds of ships resting at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, which for various reasons did not reach their destination port. Their number increased greatly during the First World War. Needless to say, this circumstance attracts a variety of underwater treasure hunters from all over the world? However, you should think carefully before recklessly joining these fearless (and often “crazy”) people. Such dives are not safe for everyone, even the most experienced divers. This is a kind of exam for the highest sports qualifications. And often it involves risk to life.

What should you know when traveling to India?

First of all, it should come as no surprise to anyone that India is a visa country. But no one can remember any problems with obtaining a visa. The exchange rate of the national currency (rupee) balances at approximately 60 units. per US dollar. The coast of the Indian Ocean, where the state of Goa is located, lies in the subequatorial climate zone. It is favorable for a person in the middle zone even during the rainy season, which falls here in the summer months. The average price level in Goa is relatively low. Many people prefer to go here without the intermediary of tourist agencies and rent housing for practically pennies from local residents.

What remarkable places should you visit?

What else is important not to miss when you find yourself on the coast of Goa? Excursions to the islands are a mandatory part of your stay, but the mainland of the Indian state also has many attractions. The cultural heritage of Goa was formed under the influence of two divergent trends. Here the spiritual heritage of Hinduism and powerful European, primarily Portuguese, influence are closely intertwined. The period of Portuguese colonization is considered by many to be the cultural heyday of this territory. Traces of characteristic colonial architecture can still be found today along the entire coast of the Indian state of Goa. As a rule, these are Catholic cathedrals built by Portuguese missionaries. They coexist quite peacefully with First of all, you should pay attention to such objects as Shanta-Durga in Kavlem, Mahalsa in Mardol and Mangesh in Mangeshi. Interestingly, the local population celebrates both Catholic and traditional Hindu holidays with great joy.

The natural parks of Goa also deserve special attention - there are six of them. Most of them are located in the interior of the state, in the foothills of the Sahyadri. Those who managed to reach it are especially delighted by the Dudhsogar waterfall. Its height exceeds six hundred meters. The spectacle is mesmerizing! Powerful streams of water and water dust sparkling with all the colors of the rainbow make an indelible impression!

Question: In what century did Portuguese merchants first set foot on earth?
Answer: in the 15th. The Portuguese colony continued to exist for 450 years until it was transferred in 1961.

Question: Are there any architectural monuments of world significance in Goa?
Answer: Yes. (you can read about other attractions).

Question: Which city is the capital of Goa?
Answer:. In the city center you can find the Church Square (also known as the city garden), on which stands the Portuguese one, built in 1541 in the Baroque style.

Question: How many districts is Goa divided into?
Answer: by 2 - and .

Question: Goa is the richest state in India?
Answer: Yes. Interestingly, Goa's per capita GDP is two and a half times that of the country as a whole, and its growth rate is one of the fastest.

Question: What crop is not grown in Goa?
Answer: corn. Rice is the main crop, followed by areca, cashew and coconut.

Question: Is Catholicism the main religion in Goa?
Answer: No. 30% of the population is Catholic, while the first place is occupied by Hinduism, to which 65% of Goans consider themselves followers.

Question: What is the most popular sport in Goa?
Answer: football. Football is very popular in Goa, especially around Margao where the main football stadium is located. Football is also played on small fields during the non-monsoon season.

Question: Mahatma Gandhi once described Goa as an “earthly paradise”?
Answer: No. Unfortunately this is not true. The great Indian never said such a thing.

Question: What language is spoken in Goa?
Answer: The official language spoken by 61.2% of Goans is Konkani. Other common languages ​​are Marathi, Kannada, Urdu and Hindi. In tourist areas, Indians speak good English.

Some people think it is Sanskrit. But let's take our time and find out what language is actually spoken in India? This question is of particular interest to those who are planning to visit this Asian country. It is also interesting to know the answer for those who want to learn as much as possible about an unusual state that can amaze any European person.

Though The main language in India is Hindi, the population is not limited to using it exclusively. Since this country is multinational and has a fairly eventful history, in India speak a variety of languages: Hindi, English, Bengali, Telugu, Urdu and many others. No matter which state you choose, almost each of them has its own language or dialect predominant.

If you want to find out which language is the national language in India, we suggest that you familiarize yourself with the materials presented below.

Linguistic diversity in India

A rather unusual linguistic situation has developed in India. On the territory of the country many nationalities live, professing their own and adhering to certain cultural traditions . This situation is due to historical events that took place over many centuries.

At different times, peoples lived in India, between whom various interactions took place. Some of them tried to expand their influence on other nations, others wanted to develop economic ties, for others it was important to instill their own faith. One way or another, over all this time India has failed to become a unitary state, united by common views on various aspects of life. In the country today there are many nationalities that live separately from each other. Perhaps this is precisely the reason for the lack of stability and positive economic development?..

All languages ​​spoken in India are divided into four main groups:

1. Indo-Aryan (Indo-European). The most common Indo-European language among the inhabitants of India is Hindi, as well as its dialects. According to 2002 data, it is spoken by about 422 million residents of the state. Most of the population of the state of West Bengal speaks predominantly Bengali, the state of Gujarat - Gujarati (about 70%), Kashmiri (55%), Jammu - Dogri, Assam - Assamese (about 60%). The group of Indo-Aryan languages ​​also includes Marakhti, Oriya, Urdu, Punjabi, Maithili, Sindhi, Konkani, Nepali and Sanskrit.
2. Sino-Tibetan . This includes the Bodo language spoken in Assam and Manipuri.
3. Dravidian . In the state of Karnataka, located on the Arabian Sea coast, more than 95% of the population speaks Kannada. The Dravidian language group also includes Tamil, Telugu and Malayalam.
4. Australasian . In India, this group is represented by only one language – Santali.

If we summarize the situation with the prevalence of various languages ​​in India, it looks like this:

• The northern and central region of the state is mainly the area of ​​distribution of the Indo-Aryan language group.
• In the southern part of the country, you are most likely to meet a person speaking a Dravidian language.
• In the northeastern states, Sino-Tibetan languages ​​are more often spoken among the population.
• The population speaking languages ​​of the Australasian (Austrasian) group are mainly Santal tribes living in the eastern part of the country.

Total There are more than 30 dominant languages ​​in India. But, if we take into account all the dialects used by the population, then this figure can be represented several hundred.

Before arriving in a particular state of India, it is better to learn a few words in advance from the language or dialect in which the locals speak. This will help you navigate any situation.

India is amazing because There are 22 official languages ​​in this country.. According to the results of the 2002 population census, we can conclude about their prevalence in the country (data presented in descending order):

• Hindi;
• Bengali (Bengali);
• Marathi (most common in the state of Maharashtra, the most economically developed);
• Telugu;
• Tamil;
• Urdu (by the way, is the official language of Pakistan);
• Gujarati;
• Kannada;
• Malayalam;
• Oriya;
• Punjabi;
• Assamese;
• Maithili;
• Santal;
• Kashmiri;
• Nepali;
• Sindh;
• Konkani;
• dogri;
• Manipuri;
• bodo.

There are other languages ​​spoken in different parts of India. True, many of them are less common (baghels, marwaris, bundels, etc.). There are also languages ​​that arose from the merger of two other languages. For example, the combination of Hindi and English contributed to the emergence of Hinglish, and the mixing of Urdu and Hindi - Hindustani.

Official language in India

The state government in India is a language that is thousands of years old - Hindi. But, despite the fact that it is the main one and the number of its speakers in the state is colossal, many people from different states of the country simultaneously speak other languages. However, we’ll talk about them a little later, but now let’s pay more attention to Hindi, which undoubtedly deserves it.

Hindi alphabet - from a children's textbook

The peculiarity of Hindi is that many words in it are borrowed from Sanskrit - an ancient, incredibly complex, but grammatically “correct” language. While Hindi is a more colloquial language, Sanskrit is a literary language. To make it clearer, we can give an example. A similar situation is observed in the case of the Italian language, in which many words are taken from Latin.

Knowing at least the most basic Hindi, you can travel around India without any problems. Such a prepared tourist will be understood everywhere, since more than 500 million Indians speak Hindi.

Knowing at least partially this national Indian language, there should not be any difficulties in communicating with the locals. English is also a good helper for traveling around India. And we will now figure out why.

Status of the English language on the territory of the state

The government of the state has recognized that English is the same national language in India as Hindi. And this can be explained by the historical events that this long-suffering Asian country experienced.

Back in the 17th century, England, as part of the East India Campaign, established profitable trade with India. It took Great Britain a hundred years for the Asian country to completely submit and become its colony.

England was in charge in everything. She established her own rules in trade, social, government and other spheres of life of Indians. Local residents were assigned the role of cheap labor engaged in the extraction and supply of various raw materials, as well as the production of goods.

We cannot talk only about the negative influence of England on India, since this highly developed country still managed to do a lot for it. The inhabitants of this Asian state have always been characterized by a certain passivity, humility, and reluctance to seriously change anything in their lives. Indians, rather, simply try to adapt to conditions, but do not fight to improve them. By the way, some people mistakenly call Indians Hindus, although in fact a Hindu is a follower of the Hindu religion.

Sanskrit inscription on stone

Since India is home to many nationalities who do not want to put up with each other’s views and beliefs, this leads to numerous intrastate conflicts. And, perhaps, it was thanks to England and its ability to control the states of its colony for a long time that prevented India from splitting. To this day, the Indian authorities use effective governance institutions and many other achievements of a highly developed society that were borrowed from England.

Until 1947, the population of India absorbed the features of English culture, introduced appropriate management models, and adopted the language of the conqueror. AND, despite the fact that the state gained independence more than half a century ago, England’s connection with India is still strong. Economically beneficial relations enable each country to receive what it needs.

Today, English is actively used when communicating with foreigners, especially in the tourism sector. Also, most meetings with foreign colleagues, partners and politicians take place in this language.

In 1965, the Indian government wanted to make a decision to keep Hindi as the official language. However, nothing came of it as many states did not support this decision.

Let's summarize. – a multinational and multilingual country. This feature of the state has developed historically. It recognizes 22 official languages, and There are two official languages ​​- Hindi and English.

But in fact, even more languages ​​and, especially, dialects are used here. Truly amazing India is amazing in every way.

Goa, whose territory is only 3,702 km², is washed in the west by the warm and clear waters of the Arabian Sea, which predetermined its development as a resort. Geographically, this is a really small region: the length from north to south is 105 km, from west to east – approximately 65 km. Its northern neighbor is the state of Maharashtra, and to the south and east, as if hugging its little “brother,” the territory of the state of Karnataka adjoins. The coastline of the paradise resort is indented by river mouths, the largest of which are Mandovi, Chapora and Zuari. Most of the waterways originate in the Western Ghats (Sahyadri mountain range).

The climate of the “Indian pearl” and the “island of love and freedom,” as Goa is often called, is typically subequatorial in nature, with sharply defined dry and wet seasons. From May to October, the region experiences hot, humid (73%) weather. May is also the hottest month: the air temperature warms up to its maximum of +33 °C. The monsoon period begins in June and ends in October. The resort becomes a little cooler, the thermometer shows from 25 to 30 degrees above zero. This same period of the year is characterized by the highest amount of precipitation. In July alone, 1000 mm of precipitation falls, which is almost one and a half times the annual level in Moscow.

The dry season in “Goa Dorada” (“Golden Goa”) – as the local population calls their small homeland – starts in mid-December and lasts until February inclusive. The average resort “winter” temperature fluctuates between +10...+15 °C, but the thermometer often rises to +31 during the day and +20 degrees at night. Precipitation during these months, if it occurs, is extremely rare.

Yoga class by the sea

History of Goa

Fans of the Indian epic “Mahabharata” probably know that one of the sources where Goa was mentioned for the first time is this epoch-making work. True, there it has a different name - Gomantak, which translated from Sanskrit means “fertile land”. But in the Sumerian chronicles, dating back to approximately 2200 BC, the future resort is listed under the name “Gubio”. In the 3rd century BC. e. its territory was part of the Mauryan Empire - a state in Ancient India that gained historical significance after the campaigns of Alexander the Great.

Rock paintings in Usgalimala, which are more than 20,000 years old

After the collapse of this huge power, what they would say now, a geopolitical battle for the possession of Goa began. In 1312 it passed to the Muslims, but six decades later they were supplanted by the Vyavinagar Empire. In the XIV-XV centuries, the territory was part of the Vijayanagara Empire, which occupied the entire south of India beyond the Krishna River. The harbors of the Goa ports at that time were used as sea gates, through which the Vijayanagara cavalry was replenished with first-class Arabian horses.

The unique natural landscape of this area could not help but attract the attention of the Portuguese, who arrived here in 1510. Portugal was interested in the trade routes along which spices from the East were supplied to Europe, and it sought to establish control over them. In addition, foreigners, being zealous Christians, sought to spread their faith to new lands. The symbiosis of these tasks led to the fact that in the same year the first Portuguese colony in India was founded by Duke Afonso d’Albuquerque, and Goa became this colony. In 1542, Catholic missionaries led by Saint Francis Xavier arrived here. As the new religion spread, temples and churches began to be built on this small piece of land, which have survived to this day - for example, the world famous Basilica of Jesus (Basilica of Bom Jesus) in Old Goa. Even today they never cease to amaze with their unique architecture.

Goa Market Square, 1583

Over time, Goa received great impetus for development. The Turks, who traded spices and monopolized trade routes in the Indian Ocean, were expelled from their “place of money.” The territory received the status of a viceroyalty within the Portuguese Empire. However, the distant metropolis was unable to control possessions in India. In 1787, an attempt was made to overthrow Portuguese rule. The event went down in history as the “Conspiracy in Goa”, or “Conspiracy of Dos Pintos” (translated as “Conspiracy of the Chickens”). The reason was the dissatisfaction of many military personnel, members of the clergy and indigenous people with discrimination on racial grounds in promotion. The conspiracy, however, was discovered, and its participants suffered severe punishment, many were hanged and quartered.

In addition, in the 17th century the struggle with the British, French and Dutch did not stop. As a result, already in the next century, Portuguese sovereignty over Goa was significantly weakened, and during the period when Europe was shaken by Napoleon's expansion, the colony was occupied by the British. True, for a short time.

At the end of the 19th century, the struggle for independence flared up with renewed vigor, but only the collapse of the Portuguese Empire in 1910 gave it a powerful impetus. Complete liberation from the colonialists brought about the armed invasion of India in 1961, known as Operation Vijay. It lasted 36 hours, during the fighting 30 Portuguese and 22 Indians were killed. The military action, which ended with the annexation of the former colony, caused a mixed reaction in the world. Portugal broke off diplomatic relations with India and was supported by the United States. The Soviet Union, on the contrary, sided with the latter, vetoing a UN Security Council resolution calling on that country to immediately cease fire and withdraw its troops. After the conflict, Goa received the status of a union territory, and in 1987 it was proclaimed a full Indian state. The language issue was also resolved: Konkani, widespread on the west coast (Konkan region), was recognized as the official language of the territory.

Beaches of Goa

If in the past Goa was rocked by political and military battles, today peace and tranquility reign in this paradise, and the life of a popular resort is concentrated in the coastal area. Legends can be made about the local beaches, among which there is not a single private one (all are run by the state). The shore here is basically sandy, the depth gradually increases when entering the sea - one can only dream of such comfort! The water, of course, cannot be called crystal clear, but it is at the complete disposal of vacationers: local fish do not swim here. And although the sand is not sifted, the garbage is regularly removed: you can meet girls with baskets in their hands doing this activity.

Well, now about the beaches themselves. It’s impossible to talk about them all, so let’s focus on some of the most famous ones.

Let's start with the most picturesque Om beach in Goa. Its name is in no way connected with the name of the outstanding German physicist of the 19th century, as someone might have thought. It goes back to the sound "Om", which, according to Hindu beliefs, marked the beginning of the Universe. Since the narrow strip of beach, bordered by lush tropical forest, is shaped like the spelling of this sound, this vacation spot was named that way. We'll immediately disappoint surfing fans: you won't be able to ride the waves due to the shallowness of the water. To dive even up to your shoulders, you will have to walk along the rocky bottom for a long time. But the ocean temperature here is comfortable, and the black rocks, contrasting with the white sand, look great against the background of the water surface and tropical thickets. There are several small restaurants scattered along the beach; their menus and prices will pleasantly surprise you. Some of them even have free Wi-Fi.

One of the most famous beaches in Goa is Palolem. It is located in the south of the state, 67 km from Dabolim International Airport. In many guidebooks, Palolem beach is described as the most heavenly place in Goa. However, as you know, everyone has their own paradise. In addition to foreign tourists vacationing in Goa, many Indians come here from neighboring states. Palolem is as popular among locals as the Sochi resorts in Russia. Therefore, if you are looking for peace and quiet, then this is definitely not the place for you. The coastline of Palolem is about two kilometers. This beach is cleaned and tidied up daily, which is why it ranks 1st in the “Best Beaches in South Goa” ranking for cleanliness. Palolem is located in a bay, and therefore there are no big waves here. Reviews from tourists repeatedly mention the bright colors of Palolem. This is emphasized by the houses painted in festive, cheerful colors. Palolem is a place for all sorts of parties and is great for young people, fun is guaranteed here!

Lovers of a quiet, relaxing holiday prefer Arossim beach with its deserted shore, fine white sand and emerald-colored sea. There are three shacks at the disposal of vacationers - this is what small and quite decent shacks selling food and drinks are called in Goa. In one of them - Venus - the staff is Russian-speaking. Here you won’t find annoying merchants or idly walking cows and dogs, but you will see another local “attraction” – crows clinging to tourists. The main attraction (without quotes) on Arossima is the Church of St. Thomas the Apostle. Activities on the beach include fishing and sea walks on a boat, jet ski and water skiing. How much will the rent cost? You can find out about this from local residents.

Arossim Beach

Vainiginim beach is rightly called a paradise. Located in South Goa, at the mouth of the Zauri River, it is also suitable for lovers of a quiet and measured holiday. The length of the beach is only 200 meters, the sand is an unusual bright yellow color, and the sea water pleases the eye with a bright turquoise hue. The only sad thing is that it is not entirely clean - this is even recorded on satellite photographs. There are often strong currents here, and in order not to get caught in a whirlpool, you need to be extremely careful. While sunbathing, you can use the sun loungers of the local five-star hotel - the only one on the beach. For entertainment, scooter rentals are available.

Now let's move to Betalbatim - a small village in the southern part of the resort, surrounded by pine trees and with a beautiful 600-meter beach. The sand on the coast is light in color and fine, with almost no debris on it. The entrance to the water is quite flat, and this is a real gift for those who are bad swimmers or come on vacation with children. On Betalbatim beach, if you come for a long time, you can enroll in a diving school. Among other entertainments, we highlight boat rentals, a trip on which promises encounters with friendly dolphins. The sunsets are very beautiful: you want to watch and watch nature, languidly changing into twilight “clothes.”

On the northern coast of Goa, one of the most famous is Kerim Beach, where you will also be provided with a quiet and relaxing holiday. The only sounds that can be distinguished from the background sound are the sound of the surf and the cries of sea gulls, but all this does not count if a tourist dreams of escaping from a large crowd of vacationers and merging with nature. The beach is quite large, it stretches for two kilometers in length and reaches 20 meters in width. One thing is depressing: here and there, heaps of branches are piled up on the territory, which the local authorities do not seem to care about. And one more thing: remember that the beach is secluded, the waves here are almost always high, so it’s better not to fall under them - there will be no one to save you. On this piece of land untouched by civilization, there are no sun loungers, no water equipment rentals, not to mention souvenir shops.

On Bogmalo beach, in the south of Goa, there is an excellent sandy shore surrounded by palm trees. Vacationers have all the necessary infrastructure at their disposal, including cafes, bars, restaurants (the menu includes not only local, but also European dishes) and the first diving school in India. Beach equipment includes sun loungers and umbrellas. When walking along the sand, vacationers are often accompanied by cows. The waves along the entire 600-meter coastline are relatively large, so you need to climb them with extreme caution. If an emergency situation does arise, rescuers will immediately rush to help, who, by the way, do not recommend swimming very far. Schools of dolphins come to the beach every now and then, usually in the afternoon, and wait for the favorite treat from the hands of tourists - ice cream.

Sights of Goa

Goa, this unique corner on the map of India with a rich history and ethnocultural diversity, is gradually ceasing to be associated only with beaches. You can spend your time here not only sunbathing and sea bathing, but also getting food for your mind and heart. Local attractions offer such an opportunity to inquisitive foreigners, which is why this state is also called the “Big Book of Wisdom.”

Let's begin our acquaintance with the historical and cultural heritage of the resort with the impregnable fortress of Aguada (not to be confused with the municipality of the same name in Puerto Rico on the west coast of the Atlantic). It was built of red stone in 1612 during the time of the Portuguese. The fort is located on the edge of Candolim Beach and is one of the largest defense structures. It consists of two parts. Fresh water was stored in the upper one, which gave the name to the entire structure, and the lower one served as the coastal defense of Old Goa, the former capital of the Portuguese colony. The fortification capabilities of the fortress are still in demand today: part of the premises is used as a prison. According to rumors, foreigners are serving sentences there for using or distributing drugs.

Just 60 km from Panaji is one of the largest waterfalls in the entire country - Dudhsagar. The tropical forest, untouched by civilization, complements its magical water extravaganza; moreover, it harmoniously merges with it, creating a unique landscape that will not leave anyone indifferent. When is the best time to visit the waterfall? Experienced tourists advise: from November to February. The fact is that in the spring it is very hot and high humidity, and in the summer the path to the attraction can be cut off by the river, which floods after heavy rainfall.

Along the rocks of the Western Ghats, not far from Old Goa, the Arvalem waterfall rushes from a 50-meter height. The sound of its streams, forming a lake below, can be clearly heard several kilometers away. Not far from the waterfall is the Sri Rudreshwar temple, which is reached by a stone staircase. Having visited this place, you cannot ignore the man-made caves of Arvalem. They were hollowed out by wandering Buddhists and used as housing. It is believed that the caves appeared around the 5th-6th centuries. They consist of five tunnels connecting into a large common room the size of two hockey fields. The Sanskrit inscriptions that survive on the walls are approximately eight centuries old.

Have you heard about Bandla Wildlife Sanctuary, the smallest in Goa? If not, then it’s time to find out about it, and when you arrive at the resort, be sure to visit. Its territory is only 8 km², which in no way detracts from the leisure opportunities available here, including family ones. This place is truly one of the most popular among tourists, because it helps to get away from the sun and sea and plunge into a completely different reality. First of all, this applies to children. Your children will definitely remember a walk through the zoo, a visit to the playroom, a ride on a mini steam locomotive, and even - but only with their parents! - on a real elephant. A botanical garden with rare beautiful trees and other vegetation is also available to adults and children.

One of the hallmarks of Goa, its highlight, is the spice plantations, the aroma of which will never be forgotten. You will see vanilla, cardamom, cloves and other fragrant herbs, so to speak, “live”, because a large number of such herbal “gardens” are scattered throughout the state. Gourmets will experience special pleasure when, in local establishments, they taste dishes generously seasoned with brightly colored spice powder. In Goa, excursions to these plantations are popular, which are sold directly at impromptu street travel agencies. The program of your stay also includes an elephant ride, a delicious lunch and, of course, belly dancing performed by charming Indian dancers. The most famous plantations in the resort: Sahakari Spice Farms, Savoi Plantation, Pascoal, Tropical Spice Plantation. Most of them are located within a few kilometers from Ponda town. By the way, excursions to the plantations include a visit to the already mentioned Dudhsagar waterfall.

Among the most popular routes among tourists is St. Catherine's Cathedral in Old Goa, the largest Christian building not only in India - in all of Asia. Visitors appreciate its architecture, style and interior decoration. There is everything that should be in a full-fledged temple: an altar, a font and, of course, bells. In the cathedral, according to legend, there is kept... a “growing cross” - a unique shrine, there is no other like it anywhere else. According to legend, he appeared in one of the chapels back in the 17th century thanks to a local shepherd. At the moment of making the cross, Jesus Christ himself appeared to him. What the Messiah and the mere mortal were talking about is unknown. But when after this the cross was placed in the chapel, it began to grow and became the size of the crucifix on Calvary. They say its growth continues today.

Let's complete our brief acquaintance with the sights of Goa at the Cotigao nature reserve, which is located in the south of the state, some 12 km from Palolem beach, one of the most beautiful in the resort. Anyone who sets foot here can feel like a real Mowgli, because the main beauty of the reserve is the multi-story jungle. You won’t meet the graceful Bagheera, the wise Akela or the bloodthirsty Shere Khan here, but you will be in good company with the playful monkeys that live here in abundance. The natural park is located 60 km south of the capital Goa, on the banks of the Talpona River. Deep in the forest, there are two 25-meter observation towers that are the main attractions of Cotigao. They offer stunning views of the watering hole of wild animals that come here early in the morning and late in the evening. Take a closer look, maybe among them there will be Kipling’s four-legged heroes from his “The Jungle Book”?

What to bring as a souvenir

Discovering the amazing harmony of Goa, getting to know the natural wealth, history, architecture and traditions of the former Portuguese colony will be incomplete if you do not find time for shopping. A visit to local retail outlets can be more than exciting. The selection of goods for various purposes here is huge, and it would be a sin not to take advantage of it.

State supermarkets in Goa have fixed prices, which cannot be said about other stores. In addition, most products are usually displayed without price tags. This is explained by the so-called double prices: for the local population they are one, for tourists they are different, an order of magnitude higher. Don’t be shy about bargaining, do it confidently, with a smile on your face, and in just a couple of minutes of “negotiations” with the seller you can get a discount of at least 20%. If you are very lucky, you will be able to buy the selected product 2-3 times cheaper than the initial cost.

Separately, it should be said about the local markets, which literally filled the small state. They look like twins, and the range offered is largely aimed at tourists. What is there: beach and household equipment, exotic fruits and local souvenirs, represented by various amulets, figurines and, of course, elephants in all possible designs (except, of course, live specimens). The most popular souvenir market in Goa is perhaps Anjuna, which got its name after the surrounding village. The market, which runs on Sundays, immediately attracts attention with its colorful stalls, their counters literally sag with an abundance of goods - fabrics and ready-made clothes, jewelry and handicrafts. Of course, the selection of spices and fruits is also rich. Shopping in Anjuna is invariably accompanied by fire shows and ethnic drum music, which is somewhat reminiscent of the carnival in Rio, but in the Indian way.

Another place favorable for shopping in Goa is Arambol, a village in the very north of the resort coast, located in a picturesque bay. It is very popular among our compatriots, who note that the prices here are very low, ranging from exotic fruits to Ayurvedic preparations.

So, what should you bring as a souvenir from your trip to Goa? Indian ceramics are in demand: souvenir mugs, clay toys, luxurious dishes with a diameter of a meter, elaborately designed ashtrays, lamps, bowls and much more. Local ceramic products are distinguished by their unusually bright and rich colors. Buyers especially like the blue indigo painting - this color is perceived as the calling card of India. Where to buy quality ceramics? In markets or in the network of special stores “Goa Handigrafts”.

Local retail outlets stock a wide selection of leather goods. Lovely ladies can please themselves with an elegant handbag or original shoes, and the stronger sex can treat themselves with a leather wallet, a case for glasses or... a water bottle made of camel skin, called “Kopi”. Tourists who don't count money buy... leather saddles. Yes, not simple ones, but souvenir ones: they are trimmed with precious metal, painted and have a geometric pattern.

Local carpets are considered the most practical and at the same time classic souvenirs from India. There are a huge number of manufacturing techniques, so we won’t dwell on them. It is enough to list the names: akhri, gabba, namda, douri. Name any of them, and the seller will immediately demonstrate the corresponding sample. The purpose of carpet products also differs in variety. Russians and Europeans most often buy wall hangings that stand out with their ornate designs and can be hung at home. But tourists, for example, from Islamic countries will definitely want to purchase special prayer mats.

In Indian films, which our mothers and grandmothers love, the heroes often flaunt various jewelry. The situation in life is the same: this large country is one of the five world leaders in the production of jewelry, and Goa does not lag behind the rest of India. The pride of the popular resort is rightly called first-class pearls, from which local craftsmen make original women's bracelets and bangles worn on the wrist or ankle. Prices vary, directly depending on the purity of the metal and the quality of work, but you can still find an inexpensive silver or gold item - for example, a beautiful ring. Most importantly, don’t forget to bargain and don’t let your guard down. Unscrupulous sellers often overestimate the purity of gold and try to substitute artificial analogues instead of natural precious stones. If the price is quickly reduced to you, this should alert you: jewelry anywhere in the world, even in India, cannot be sold for next to nothing.

And, of course, not a single tourist will leave Goa without local gifts of nature - environmentally friendly products that have become the hallmark of not only this region, but the entire country. The taste of local tropical fruits - oranges, passion fruit, mango, star fruit, guava, bananas - will remain in your memory forever! Yes, we almost forgot about Indian tea, known throughout the world. Traditional black and green varieties, as well as Assam and Darjeeling varieties, are in great demand. The latter belongs to the elite, it is even compared to champagne, thereby emphasizing the golden hue of the infusion and its exquisite delicate aroma. Gourmets also buy “exotic” red tea, which is cultivated far from Goa, in the Nilgiri district in the south of the country.

Entertainment in Goa

Beach holidays, sightseeing and wellness treatments right in the hotels - this is not a complete list of what a tourist can do in this paradise resort. Travelers who love gambling can try their luck at the numerous casinos in Goa, which immerse their visitors in a world around the clock where their secret dream of a big win can come true.

Fans of active sports will not be left out either: the local coast of the Arabian Sea, famous for its coral reefs, is ideally suited for diving, during which exotic tropical fish will keep the divers company. According to some reports, about 600 wrecked ships lie at the bottom of the sea off the coast of Goa, including not only ancient galleons and merchant ships, but also military ships from the Second World War. Seeing this underwater “cemetery” is a real find that every diver dreams of.

Whenever you come to Goa, you will definitely find yourself at some national holiday of India, which anyone can take part in. In winter, for example, the country celebrates Republic Day and the Feast of the Three Kings. Celebrations in honor of the goddess Shantadurga Prasanna take place in the village of Fatorpe in a very exciting way: night processions are organized, their scope and splendor are simply amazing. In the spring, Hindus celebrate the birthday of the god Rama and the festival of “walking on fire” - Igitun Chalna, dedicated to the goddess Lairayu. During it, participants literally walk on fire - on hot coals. Summer holidays are also dedicated to various saints, including Christian ones, for example, John the Baptist and St. Anthony. There are also many holidays in autumn, and the most famous of them is Govardhan Puja, dedicated to the most revered animal in India - the cow.

Buses run between cities and villages. Also within the state, auto-rickshaws and pedicabs are in demand both among the local population and among tourists. In the major cities of the state - Panaji, Margao, Vasco da Gama, Old Goa, Mapusa, Ponda - there are intracity routes.

There are three types of taxis at the resort: auto-rickshaws (they are also called tuk-tuks), motorcycle taxis (they will take you around on a motorcycle or moped) and regular cars. It is easy to recognize official taxis by their yellow license plates - they are under the jurisdiction of the state Department of Transportation. Sometimes private taxi drivers pretend to be state-owned carriers (the latter’s services are cheaper), and then, having lured them in and set off, they demand additional payment from the unfortunate passengers.

Sunset at Agonda Beach

Mobile communications and Internet

To buy a SIM card from a local mobile operator, you need to go through some bureaucratic formalities. You will be required to take a color photograph and photocopies, on two different A4 sheets, of the first page of your passport and visa. You will then fill out a form and leave your personal signature in four different places.

You can call from Goa to Russia from an ordinary telephone booth with the inscription STD. A minute of conversation will cost 8 Indian rupees, the fee can be paid, for example, at the hotel. A call home from a SIM card from a Russian operator or from a hotel will cost more, from 40 to 120 INR.

Wireless access to the World Wide Web is possible in an Internet cafe, but the pleasure is not free; you will have to pay from 40 to 80 rupees per hour. Good Wi-Fi coverage is available in four and five star hotels and some restaurants. Purchasing a SIM card for Internet access involves the same formalities as a telephone one. If you are planning a long-term stay in Goa, you can buy a modem from one of the telephone companies: MTS, Idea, Airtel or Vodafone, the cost is 2 thousand rupees. A monthly fee of 900 INR gives you a month of unlimited Internet access.

Hotels and accommodation

There are many hotels in Goa, so it will not be difficult for tourists to find accommodation options that suit their tastes and budget. Note that the “star” classification of hotels in India has not really taken root, so the pointers in various catalogs to the number of “stars” reflect the personal impressions of the compilers.

Hotels in both parts of Goa are noticeably different. There are a lot of hotels in the north, both expensive and quite budget. There are much more of the latter and they are not located in the beach area, but at some distance, a 5-30 minute walk. Many hotels offer a roundtrip transfer service to the beach, free of charge. Hotels that meet the 5* level offer their clients the services of traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) and SPA treatments. It is believed that in the south of the state, whose hallmark is wide beaches and luxurious palm groves, there are more mainly expensive hotels suitable for family holidays. This is where the luxury hotels are located, which have become the face of the entire resort: Caravela Beach Resort Beleza By The Beach

Many tourists, mostly young people, prefer to go on an independent holiday like “savages” in Goa. They do not want to stay in ordinary hotels, preferring a room in an inexpensive mini-hotel (guesthouse), rent apartments or even entire houses. This option is also suitable for travelers on a limited budget. Wealthier foreigners, who also do not like hotels, choose to stay in separate villas.

How to get there

Direct flights from Moscow to Goa are operated by Aeroflot and Transaero. During the high season, which lasts from November to March at the resort, both carriers fly almost daily. Aeroflot operates flights from Sheremetyevo (except Tuesdays), Transaero operates from Sheremetyevo and Domodedovo (except Mondays). A non-stop flight from the Russian capital takes from 7 to 9 hours. Tickets can be purchased at Aviasales, the cost there and back varies between 30-100 thousand rubles. The only international airport in the state is Dabolim, it is located in the area of ​​the village of the same name, 4 km from the city of Vasco da Gama, and consists of two terminals.

Many domestic tourists prefer to travel to Goa by rail. First they fly to Mumbai (formerly Bombay) and board a train there. Travel time is approximately 9-13 hours. This option is attractive, first of all, for its relative cheapness. You can go to the resort directly from Delhi, but you will have to spend twice as much time on the train - 30 hours. The closest stations to the tourist areas are Madgaon, Tivim and Karmali, so it is best to go to them. When purchasing a ticket, be sure to check whether the train stops at the station you choose.