Does the peregrine falcon make stops. High-speed train Sapsan (29 photos)

The Sapsan is a Siemens bullet train powered by electricity. It was purchased by the Russian Railways Joint Stock Company for the implementation of high-speed passenger transportation across the territory of the Russian Federation. The train got its name from the peregrine falcon.

The history of Sapsan in Russia begins with an agreement on the joint development and production of a series of 60 trains based on Intercity-Express, which was signed on April 11, 2005. Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder took part in this event. The amount under the contract was 1.5 billion euros, and the production was planned to be located in Russia. According to the terms of reference, this type of train was supposed to reach a speed of at least 300 km / h.

However, these plans were not destined to come true. After a change in the management of Russian Railways and the coming to power of Vladimir Yakunin's company, significant adjustments were made to the contract. Thus, the number of purchased trains decreased to 8 units, and the contract amount - to 600 million euros. According to the new conditions, the train production should be carried out exclusively by a German company, and its implementation and delivery to the customer was to take place before the end of 2010. It also envisaged service maintenance trains with a duration of up to 30 years or a mileage of up to 14 million kilometers.

These trains were planned to replace obsolete high-speed locomotives ER-200, which had been in operation since the 80s of the last century, on the railways.

According to the terms of the contract signed by the Russian and German enterprises, it was planned to supply trains of 2 types:

Single-system trains with a voltage of 3 kV DC (version B1), which were supposed to be used on the railway line between St. Petersburg and Moscow;

Two-system trains (with double power supply) with a voltage of 3 kV DC and with a voltage of 25 kV AC (version B2), which were supposed to be launched on the direction St. Petersburg - Moscow - Nizhny Novgorod.

To create these railway lines, Japanese metallurgists (Nippon Steel) supplied Russia with rails with a total weight of over 20 thousand tons.

In fact, the Sapsan train is a modernized and customized train of the standard Velaro platform manufactured by Siemens. Certain additions were made to the design. Thus, the operating temperatures for the Sapsan were significantly expanded, and now it can operate in conditions down to -50 ° C. In addition, the width of the cars was also increased by 0.3 m, which was primarily due to the wider width than in Europe. railway track used in the Russian Federation.

The Sapsan is very fast. It is capable of carrying passengers at a speed of 350 km / h, but in Russia its speed is artificially limited to 250 km / h. In the future, it is planned to allow the train to move at a speed of 330 km / h on certain sections of Russian Railways. It consists of 10 wagons that can accommodate 554 passengers and their luggage. The cars are made of aluminum.

Sapsan made its first flight between St. Petersburg and Moscow in July 2009, and since December this year it has begun to operate regular flights.

The history of "Sapsan" has only one decade, but during this time these trains have already managed to establish themselves. Having appreciated their quality, Russian Railways in December 2011 entered into a new contract with Siemens for the supply of 8 more Sapsan trains (of the Velaro RUS project). The contract value, which includes trains and their maintenance, amounted to 600 million euros.

The first train under the new contract was delivered to the Russian railway on December 3, 2013. By August 2014, 12 Sapsan trains were carrying passengers across Russia.

Yesterday I drove 1300 kilometers in "Sapsan" - from Moscow to St. Petersburg and back.
What can I say - it turned out to be one of the shortest, but also one of the most enjoyable trips of the year!
Siemens Velaro RUS train, specially designed for operation in Russia and called by us "Sapsan"
departed for the first commercial flight on the evening of December 17, 2009. Adopted development program
high-speed service is the second attempt by the Ministry of Railways / Russian Railways to open more than once a day
daily high-speed train traffic between the two capitals - the previous one ended in the late 1990s
failure for technical and economic reasons.
The train makes a very pleasant impression. The inside is clean and tidy, and the course is very smooth,
this is facilitated by both the suspension design and the stricter track maintenance standards.
Cruising speed on the Khimki-Slavyanka section - 200 km / h, within the boundaries of St. Petersburg and Moscow - 140 km / h,
along the stations Tver and Bologoye - 120 km / h, along Malaya Vishera, Klin and large bridges across the rivers - 140 km / h.
Between Bologoye and Malaya Vishera, a speed of 250 km / h is allowed on separate sections,
which can actually be achieved while driving.
It consists of seven cars of the 2nd class, 2 cars of the 1st class (essentially differing only in leather seats and the presence of sockets),
as well as a bar car. Morning and evening flights cover 646 km in 3 hours 45 minutes -
with at least 10 minutes of reserve in case of delays. Daytime is on the way 4:15
and has stops in Tver, Vyshny Volochek, Bologom and Okulovka.
A total of 8 trains were purchased, of which four serve flights (two on the fly, one in maintenance and one in reserve).
The rest are intended to open new routes, primarily to Nizhny Novgorod.
The possibility of ordering several more trains is being considered.

To a few of their passengers, the conductors offer a hot breakfast (from a trolley labeled "Aeroflot").

Stop-cock "French model".

And also a server rack with the latest system, which is still under testing - a system for supporting electronic registration. As you know, from January it will be possible to go through electronic registration (in which there is no need to stand in line at the ticket office or to the machine for a ticket) for year-round high-speed trains. But unfortunately, only from the initial station of their departure, even if the train goes from Moscow to Vladivostok. To solve this problem, this complex was developed, consisting of a server and a set of mobile terminals distributed to conductors. At large stations, the server communicates wirelessly with the Express system and receives passenger data. When boarding, it will be enough for him to show the conductor his passport, who will verify his data through the terminal, which is also wirelessly connected to the train server. No queues or paper tickets! In case of failure or loss of terminals, a conventional printer is also provided for printing a list of passengers.

In the meantime, we arrived in St. Petersburg.

On domestic railwaysah new high-speed electric trains run between St. Petersburg and Moscow. The speed of the Sapsan train is relatively high. This feature makes it possible to cover long distances in a much shorter time. Gradually, their work is being launched in new directions. The production was carried out by the German company Siemens.

What is the speed of the Sapsan train?

The falcon, after which this machine is named, is capable of accelerating in flight up to 320 kilometers per hour. limit the possibility of acceleration to 250 km / h. Sapsan trains can reach 350 kilometers per hour.

Boarding begins 45 minutes before the train leaves. After locking the doors, the automation checks the functionality of the entire system. Only then does the movement begin. "Sapsan" is the first Russian train, where the possibility of smoking is completely excluded. Today you can watch a whole series of several animated films "Peregrine Falcon and Friends". The train also has a Twitter account and an Internet blog.

Sapsanov drivers

The train drivers of this class have a responsibility comparable to that of real pilots. Their responsibilities include solving numerous problems of a fairly high level of complexity. The speed characteristics are comparable to the operating modes of airliners at the take-off stage. Only the best candidates are selected for the position of the train driver. Specialists who have undergone special training are allowed to operate the Sapsan. All the driver's skills must be perfected.

Wi-Fi in "Sapsan"

Since 2012, attempts have been made to equip the train with technical support to facilitate wireless Internet access. Routers are installed in each car of Sapsanov. Business class passengers can use the Internet absolutely free. Economy citizens have to pay for access.

Bistro car

The speed of the Sapsan train, as well as its streamlined shape, are far from all that makes it unusual. Each passenger can use a comfortable bistro car. Here you can not just have a snack, but even order a full meal. Drinks, hot meals, and snacks are available for choice for train passengers.

Transportation of small animals

The speed of the Sapsan train is quite high, but this does not affect the possibility of equipping premises for the transportation of animals. Transportation is allowed in cages, baskets or boxes not exceeding 180 cm when adding length, width and height. In this case, you must have documents from the veterinarian with you. Registration will cost 400 rubles. This is a fixed compulsory fee for issuing an electronic ticket or travel document.

Luggage inspection

Starting from the first start of the train, each passenger must undergo a scan of the transported items. Increased safety while traveling is guaranteed to passengers, despite the short duration of the entire check procedure.

Hand luggage

Passengers can carry one ticket. The weight of the cargo should not exceed 36 kilograms, and the sum of all measurements - 180 cm.Above the established norm, you can carry fishing rods, cameras, binoculars, handbags, briefcases, umbrellas and other small things, the size of which is no more than a meter with a general measurement of dimensions.

Oversized equipment cannot be loaded as hand luggage. Other people's things, explosive, flammable, poisonous, flammable, stinking substances are not accepted for transportation. Firearms must be in a holster, case or case separate from cartridges when unloaded. Only after observing all the above rules, passengers can use the high-speed train "Sapsan" for the transportation of small-sized cargo (the speed that it can develop is indicated above).

Group travel

There is a group fare for schoolchildren from 10 to 18 years old, consisting of at least 10 people traveling on a single date, on the same route, on the same train. Registration takes place upon prior request. There is a group fare for the travel of at least 10 children under 10 years old, traveling on the same train, on a single date, along the same route. It is also issued upon prior request.

Conclusion

The use of rail as a travel option is rapidly evolving. One example of this is the magnificent machines developed by the German manufacturer Siemens. Each passenger will certainly be pleased with the comfortable conditions of movement and the high speed of the Sapsan train. The developers proposed a solution to almost all possible problems that arise in the process of overcoming distances, and combined them in one design solution. The new ones offered to the citizens of Russia leave the best impressions of the trip.

Birds are a special kind of warm-blooded animals, characterized by a body covered with feathers and, as a rule, forelegs in the form of wings. This feature allows birds to move in different environments: fly, run on the ground, swim, while developing speeds beyond the strength of many other species of animals.

The fastest waterfowl, the penguin swims slowly on the surface of the water like a duck. But when diving, he develops a speed of 36 km / h, flapping flipper-like wings and lowering and emerging from the water every minute to inhale air. The world champion in swimming among humans swims 6 times slower than a penguin, and the world's fastest warships can reach a speed of 47 knots (87 km / h), ahead of the penguins by only 2.4 times.

Top fastest birds in flight speed - movement:

• Falcon Sapsan - 322 km / h
• Berkut - 300 km / h
• Needle-tailed swift - 170 km / h
• Frigates 153 km / h
• Spur goose 142 km / h
• Average Krokhal 129 km / h
• Ostrich - 70 km / h, record 92 km / h
• The penguin swims like a duck, and under water 36 km / h

In those parts of the Earth where a high speed of movement on it is a vital necessity (Africa, Australia, East Asia), ostriches live up to 2.5 m in height and weigh up to 0.15 tons, whose powerful limbs allow you to move in steps of up to 5 m at a speed of 70 km / h. The famous Kenyan Noah Ngeni, who ran 1000 m in 2 minutes. 11.96 seconds, in a competition with an ostrich I would be 1 minute behind. 20 sec.

Birds set the most impressive records at air flights... In this type of movement, the champion in a dive flight is the peregrine falcon, which lives on all, except for Antarctica, the continents of the Earth. Not every car can be compared with a peregrine falcon that develops a speed of 90 m / s, i.e. 322 km / h. Of living beings, only the black swift can compete with it, 2 times slower in diving flight, but outstripping the falcon in horizontal flight.

Predatory bird golden eagleliving in the mountains and forests of 4 continents (Asia, Europe, North America and Europe) is considered the most dangerous of the hawk family. The golden eagle hunts not only birds, hares and rodents, but also cattle (calves, roe deer, deer and sheep), despite the fact that its length does not exceed 0.95 m, and its weight is 6.5 kg. The wingspan of the golden eagle reaches 2.2 m, the speed of a dive flight is 300 km / h, which is comparable to the fastest peregrine falcon. Since ancient times, the golden eagle, as an excellent hunter, enjoys human respect.

A very interesting video about EAGLES!

Needle-tailed swift inhabits the hollows of Asian forest trees, including southern part Siberia and The Far East... His diet, with a small size and weight of his own body (length up to 0.2 m, weight up to 0.14 kg), are insects. Therefore, the needle-tailed swift does not need a high speed of diving flight, it is more important for it the speed of horizontal flight, which is the highest speed of all birds in the world of 170 km / h with a wingspan of up to 0.55 m.

All 5 species of the genus of birds frigate live in the tropics and subtropics in areas with water bodies, over which they spend a long time in soaring flight, looking out for their prey. The main objects of the frigate's hunting are flying fish and fish caught by other aquatic birds, which frigates take away from them. This method of hunting is available to frigates, thanks to their physical data: a large body up to 1.14 m in length, a weight of up to 1.6 kg, a narrow wingspan of up to 2.44 m and a high flight speed of 153 km / h, which in absolute terms takes 4 e in the world, and second in horizontal flight speed.

Large in size clawed goose up to 1.15 m long and weighing up to 10 kg, it is distributed on the shores of reservoirs south of the Sahara Desert. Its diet is quite varied and includes plant foods (coastal and aquatic), insects (termites, beetles, caterpillars) and small fish. A lot of such food is required to meet the needs of a large bird, it has to be collected from a vast territory, for flying around which the clawed goose is equipped with wingspan up to 2 m and develops a flight speed of 142 km / h, slightly lagging behind the frigate in this indicator.

Waterfowl medium merganser, which is small in size (length up to 0.62 m, weight up to 1.4 kg), lives on the coastal shores of North Asia, Europe and America covered with dense grass. The average merganser feeds on aquatic plants, insects, worms, crustaceans, amphibians, but its main food is small fish, for catching which it is able to dive for 0.5 minutes to a depth of up to 30 m. Extraction of small food also requires the ability to move quickly, with a swing with wings up to 0.86 m, the average merganser develops a flight speed of 129 km / h, closing in this indicator the five fastest-flying birds in the world.

High dive the speed of the peregrine falcon developed in connection with his hunting technique: planning high in the sky to find a victim, diving towards her on maximum speed to deliver a powerful blow with the limbs pressed to the body. With such a blow, a falcon is able to cut off the head of a victim, for example, a duck or a pigeon, despite the fact that its size is comparable to that of a crow.

Despite its long lifespan, preserving the ability to reproduce throughout its life and easily adapting to any living environment from the hot tropics to the arctic cold, the peregrine falcon, as a result of the use of pesticides and other substances that pollute the atmosphere, has become a rare bird listed in the Red Book. In the eastern states of the United States and in many European countries, peregrine falcons have disappeared, in the western states of the United States, their population has declined by 90%. Since the 1970s, ecological programs have allowed the falcon population to be gradually restored. In the Russian Federation, it has reached 3 thousand pairs, a nursery has been created in the Galichya Gora reserve. In the United States, peregrine falcons breed in nests on skyscrapers and cathedrals. In Canada and Germany, there are open-air cages for growing young animals. In England, the Royal Society for the Protection of Peregrine Falcons and Other Birds functions.

Peregrine falcon among falcons is a large bird up to 0.5 m long, wingspan up to 1.2 m, female weight up to 1.5 kg, male is 2 times smaller. An active predator, the peregrine falcon has hard muscles, broad chest, sharp claws, large eyes and a sickle-shaped beak with teeth for biting the victim's neck.

The group of the falcon family with a peregrine falcon includes the gyrfalcon, saker falcon, laggar, Mexican and Mediterranean falcons, the evolutionary divergence between them began millions of years ago. When crossed in the peregrine falcon enclosures with other representatives of this group, the offspring acquire the qualities of both parents. For example, the descendant of the peregrine falcon and the Mediterranean falcon acquires the stamina of the Mediterranean falcon and the hunting instinct of the peregrine falcon.

The scientific name of the peregrine falcon in European languages \u200b\u200bcomes from the Latin word falco (curved sickle) and peregrinus (wandering) - Falco peregrinus or peregrine falcon (English),. faucon pèlerin (French), falco pellegrino (Italian), wanderfalke (German), pilgrimsfalk (Swedish). Russian name "Peregrine falcon" presumably comes from Kalmyk (real falcon).

Peregrine falcon habitats are most often inaccessible to humans (rocks on the banks of reservoirs and mountains, cliffs of mountain rivers, moss swamps), less often on the roofs of city churches and multi-storey buildings. Peregrine falcons often stay overwintered in their permanent habitat or near it, but in the Arctic climate they are able to fly over very long distances. Peregrine falcons carefully guard their territory, displacing even flying eagles and humans from it. Nests are located near water bodies, in crevices of rocks, on bumps of bogs, in tree hollows, sometimes they capture nests in trees entwined with crows, kites and other birds of prey, in cities on bell towers, chimneys, eaves of high-rise buildings. The female lays eggs in late April or early May, both the female and the male incubate eggs for more than a month. After the birth of chicks, the male gets food, and the female warms up the offspring. At 1.5 months of age, the chicks begin to fly.

The peregrine falcon's diet includes birds, small mammals, insects and amphibians (sparrows, pigeons, ducks, starlings, bats, hares, squirrels, ground squirrels). The peregrine falcon raises its prey high to the nesting site.

Since ancient times in Mongolia, China, in the Middle East, people have used peregrine falcons for falconry. The Egyptian sun god was depicted as a disk with falcon wings or a man with a nightingale's head. In Europe, the falcon began to be used for hunting only in the 3rd century. the elite of society. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, the coronation of English kings was accompanied by the donation of a pair of peregrine falcons. In Russia, the nomadic Khazars made falconry popular. Later, the image of a peregrine falcon appeared in the center of the coat of arms of the Bashkir city of Kumertau, the Russian cities of Sokol and Suzdal. Peregrine falcon symbols are widely used in many countries: in the name of a motorcycle, fighter plane and spacecraft in Japan, the name of a high-speed electric train from Siemens, the image on a commemorative coin of the US state of Idaho.

Peregrine Falcon, as the absolute champion in dive flight speed, attracts the attention of a person throughout its history.

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Several times I went to St. Petersburg and returned to Moscow on the high-speed train "Sapsan"... It is really very fast: almost 700 km flies in 3.5-4.5 hours, depending on the time of day. On separate tracks, it develops a speed of up to 250 km / h.

The average cost of a Sapsan ticket depends on the day of the week, time of day and destination. Currently, prices start at RUB 4951 per one-way ticket. Buying a ticket in advance can save a lot.

When buying a ticket, a box office fee is also charged, which slightly increases its price. If you buy a round-trip ticket immediately, a 10% discount is provided. However, for this you need to buy a ticket at the railway ticket office. Discounts are also provided to students and retirees.

How to buy an electronic train ticket for Sapsan

Buy railway ticket to "Sapsan" in the following ways:

• advance ticket sales at railway ticket offices;
• at the box office of the Leningradsky and Kursky railway stations in Moscow and the Moskovsky railway station in St. Petersburg;
• at online railway ticket offices via the Internet.

The latter option is often the most convenient. To do this, you need an Internet connection, a bank card with which you can make electronic payments and, if possible, a printer. Please note that if later you need to present a ticket for a report (for example, for payment in the accounting department), then an electronic ticket will not work, you need a regular ticket purchased at the railway ticket office.

If you want to buy an electronic ticket for "Sapsan", then you can use the site. Here you will find the Sapsan train schedule on the routes Moscow - St. Petersburg and St. Petersburg - Moscow, travel time, ticket prices, carriage numbering, location of seats in the carriage.

In the search box, enter the dates and times of the trip, and then follow the instructions of the system. Be sure to print the e-ticket or save the SMS with the registration number.

As a rule, the numbering of wagons on the way from Moscow to St. Petersburg is from the head of the train; when traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow - from the tail of the train. Carriages 1 and 2 are business class, cars 3-4 and 6-10 are economy class. Car number 5 is a bistro where you can buy food and eat. The car # 6 has seats for disabled people.

You can always refuse to register and return an electronic ticket at the ticket offices of Russian Railways, but no later than 1 hour before the train leaves the starting station.

Landing on Sapsan

Boarding for the Sapsan begins 1 hour before departure. At train stations under high speed trains separate platforms are highlighted, before boarding, you pass through the metal detector frame, and your luggage is inspected, like at airports. If you have an e-ticket with electronic registration, you only need to have a passport and a printed e-ticket with you.

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Boarding directly on the train begins 40-45 minutes before departure. The conductor will need to present your passport and ticket. Do not damage the barcode on the ticket - its handler reads it with an electronic device. Then, when the train has already departed, the conductor will collect tickets for verification. The electronic ticket remains with you.

There are wide aisles between the cars, which make it easy to carry luggage. You can leave your luggage in specially designated places at the beginning and at the end of the carriage, as well as in the wardrobe in the middle of the carriage. There are not many places in the wardrobe. Embarkation and disembarkation are often done from adjacent wagons.

On my way

The trip to the Sapsan is very comfortable. You can watch movies, read informational brochures, just look out the window, watching the landscapes sweep by. If you are hungry, you can go to bistro car (car number 5) buy food; you can eat right there, or at your place. Also, from time to time, conductors pass through the car, offering food: sandwiches, cakes, drinks. Expect that if you are hungry, you will spend on average 500-600 rubles on food. If you don't want to pay, you can take food from home. In business class carriages, food is already included in the ticket price.

Impressions of the trip on the "Sapsan"

I have the most positive impressions from the trip to the Sapsan. Clean, air-conditioned: at +30 outside the window, the cabin was somewhere around +22 degrees. In each carriage there are special boards that show the time, speed, air temperature outside. The food is delicious. There are quite a lot of foreigners in "Sapsan"; there were mainly tourists who traveled from one capital to another.

The train runs smoothly, although, in contrast to European railways, we still hear a small characteristic knock. The speed is not felt at all. Only by the information board and by how quickly the stops change each other, you understand that the train is going very fast. So, on a very busy section from Moscow to Tver, the train took exactly an hour, although there are more than 160 km between these cities.

In general, I decided for myself that now I will go to St. Petersburg in the Sapsan - it is better to pay more, but go in comfortable conditions and quickly. Agree, getting from Moscow to St. Petersburg in 4 hours is great!

"Double decker" , . If the prices for "Sapsan" seem too high to you, then you can use them: the ticket price starts from 2293 rubles. ("Nevsky Express", seated).

On the "Nevsky Express" the travel time is 4 hours 5 minutes, there are no stops on the way. We can say that Nevsky Express is a cheaper alternative to Sapsan.

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