Highland village. Nagorye (Yaroslavl region)

Date of publication or update 04.11.2017

Created using the books of Archpriest Oleg Penezhko.

Nagorye village

Church of the Transfiguration

Nagorye is a large ancient trading village. At the beginning of the 17th century. there were two churches in it: “Transfiguration of the Savior, a wooden dumpling with a tent top, standing without singing,” and on the river. Melenka churchyard with the Church of St. Nicholas of Myra with the side-chapel of the Great Martyr Irene (in the side-chapel there are no icons, no books, no church utensils), the building of the patrimonial landowner Dmitry Andreevich Zamytsky, who in 1570-1572. was governor in Mtsensk.

When Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich marched from the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda against the Crimean Khan to Tula and Dedilov in 1572, D.A. was in the leading regiment with Ivan Mikhailovich Morozov. Zamytsky, “and the people with them were according to their lists.”

In 1573, Dmitry Andreevich was the governor in Staritsa. In 1574, an army was sent to Pernov with the Kazan Tsar Simeon Bekbulatovich, a detachment of Nogais was under the command of Zamytsky. In 1575, Zamytsky was one of the heads on Myshega in the right hand of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Golitsyn; in 1576 in Novgorod in a large regiment with the boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetev, in 1579 - governor and governor in Ryazhsk. In 1580 there were regiments in Rzhev; the commanders of the leading regiment were Prince Vasily Agishev of Tyumen and Zamytsky; Prince Feodor Alexandrovich Masalsky was appointed in his place, and Zamytsky was ordered to be in Toropets. In 1581, after the Lithuanians burned out Staraya Rusa, the tsar sent other governors to replace the previous ones, including Dimitri Andreevich. The Lithuanians came to Staraya Russa a second time and set it on fire; the governor, Prince Turenin, was taken prisoner, because the other governors (two Saltykovs and Zamytsky) “ran and handed over Prince Vasily.” In 1582, Zamytsky described the lands of Derevskaya Pyatina (in the Novgorod region) and in the same year was a siege commander in Ruza. In 1583, in mid-April, troops were sent to the Volga; Prince Ivan Samsonovich Turenin and Zamytsky commanded a large regiment. Together with the governors of the advanced regiment, they set up a prison in Kozmodemyansk. In 1594, Zamytsky made observations together with Kuzma Osipovich Bezobrazov. In 1597, he was present when Tsar Boris received the burgrave of Danava, bearing the title of hunter at that time. Last time D.A. Zamytsky is mentioned in documents of 1602, when he was a governor in Oreshka.

Half a mile from the Church of the Transfiguration, until 1825, in the churchyard, where local clergy had long lived, there was another parish church, later included in the Nagorskaya Transfiguration Church, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Tradition says that in ancient times there was a monastery here called “Nikolo in Tyntsy”, but no traces of the monastery remain. According to documents of the 17th century. at the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker “Prest Alexy, sexton Ivashko, sexton, mallow maker, poor elders in their cells.”

At the beginning of the 17th century. the village belonged to the okolnichy Mikhail Mikhailovich Zamytsky, in 1624 it was assigned to the sovereign, but was soon returned to the previous owner. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time. Two wooden churches existed until the end of the 18th century. St. Nicholas Church was abolished in 1796 after the construction of a stone church; a chapel was erected in its place, and clergy houses were built nearby. The Church of the Transfiguration was restored after 1628, included in the salary books and subject to tribute in 1654.

The Highlands formerly belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), located 5 versts from it, and 16 surrounding villages, inherited from her by Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin.

In 1770, Empress Catherine II bought this estate and granted it to her admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov for eternal and hereditary possession for his defeat and destruction of the Turkish fleet. Having received the estate from the generosity of the empress, he began to build, as a sign of gratitude, a huge stone church, on the site of the then existing wooden one, in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, but before finishing it, he died (buried in the temple), the construction was completed by his eldest son and heir of the Highlands Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov.

In 1770, the Highlands passed into the hands of the famous hero of Chesma, Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov. He was born on January 18, 1713 into an old impoverished noble family, the son of the commandant of Vyborg under Peter I, Andrei Alekseevich Spiridov and his wife Anna Vasilyevna Korotneva. In 1732, Spiridov began serving in the navy. In the 16th year he was promoted to midshipman, sent to Astrakhan, from where he sailed to Persia, then to Kronstadt, and sailed to Lubeck. In 1732 he was promoted to midshipman, in 1737 he was appointed adjutant to Admiral Bredal. GA. Spiridov took an active part in the Russian-Turkish (1735-1739) and the Seven Years' Wars (1756-1763). In 1742, already with the rank of lieutenant, he sailed to the Arctic Ocean. In 1749 he was ordered to be present at the Moscow Admiralty office.

In 1750 he was appointed commander of the imperial yachts and in 1754, with the rank of captain of the 3rd rank, company commander in the cadet corps. During the Seven Years' War, Spiridov took part (in 1760 and 1761) in an expedition to the shores of Prussia and commanded a landing detachment. In 1762, promoted to rear admiral, he became commander of an active squadron. A vice admiral since 1764, Spiridov was the chief commander of first the Revep port, then the Kronstadt port, and the head of the “sheathing fleet”. When visiting this fleet, Catherine II personally placed the insignia of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky on its commander. In the summer of 1769, Spiridov, on the occasion of the war with Turkey, was sent to the Mediterranean Sea and on September 22 of the same year he was promoted to admiral. At the beginning of 1770, his squadron was already off the coast of the Seas and caused a Greek uprising against Turkish rule. Disagreement between Spiridov and admirals Greig and Elphinstone forced Count A.G. Orlov to take over the main command of the fleet, and on June 26, 1770, the Russian fleet won a brilliant victory over the Turkish fleet at Chesma. Spiridov's naval leadership talent manifested itself with particular force during the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774.

In 1768, during the outbreak of the war with Turkey, he was appointed commander of the First Squadron, and on June 4, 1769 he was promoted to full admirap. On July 18, 1769, a squadron consisting of 7 battleships, a frigate, a bombardment ship, 4 transports, 2 messenger ships left Kronstadt and headed for the Mediterranean theater of military operations. On June 25-26, 1770, the famous Battle of Chesma took place. The battle began on June 23. Russian forces consisted of 9 battleships, 3 frigates and 18 small ships, Turkish forces - of 16 battleships, 6 frigates and 60 small ships. The Russian lead ship "Europe" lost control, and the flagship "St. Evstafiy" with Alexei Orlov and Spiridov on board ended up in front of the column of ships. He approached the Turkish fleet, firing with all his guns. Spiridov, with the image he received from the empress on his chest, with a drawn sword, walked along the bridge, watching the battle. Music was playing on the quarterdeck. "Eustathius" grappled with the enemy admiral's ship, the sailors rushed to board, the Turkish ship burst into flames. Spiridov and Orlov left their ship on the boat, and on time, a few minutes later, the burning mast of the Turkish ship collapsed onto the deck of the Eustathia, and both ships flew into the air. The Turkish fleet took refuge in the harbor. On the night of June 25–26, the Russians launched a new attack. Spiridov gave orders through a megaphone while on the ship “Three Hierarchs”. After a short firefight, the Russians launched incendiary fire ships, one of which managed to set fire to a Turkish ship. The fire engulfed the entire Turkish fleet with terrible force, and ship explosions followed one after another. By morning it was all over, the Russians managed to capture only 1 ship and 6 galleys, the rest of the fleet died in the flames.

In the report of the Admiralty Board on the occasion of the defeat of the Turks at Chesma G.A. Spiridov wrote: “Honor to the All-Russian fleet, the enemy’s Turkish military fleet was attacked, defeated, broken, burned, sent into the sky, sunk and turned to ashes... and they themselves began to be dominant in the entire archipelago.” The impression made by the Battle of Chesme in Russia, Turkey and throughout the world was enormous. Spiridov took Fr. Paros, on which he built a dock for repairing ships, erected fortifications. In January 1771, the admiral accepted 18 islands into Russian citizenship. The Academy of Arts owes him many fragments of ancient marble statues and bas-reliefs sent by him from the archipelago.

G.A. Spiridov, according to a contemporary, combined generosity and experience with courage. But the admiral's health was poor. As he put it, “the seizures that followed in old age brought me to such impotence that I became completely decrepit.” Therefore, when a truce was concluded in the summer of 1772 and Orlov, who had long returned from St. Petersburg, came to the fleet, Spiridov, with his permission, left his post and went to rest in Livorno - “in the best climate before the archipelago.”

Indeed, in Italy his health improved “similar to his old age”, and already in January 1773 he returned to the fleet - “out of zeal and jealousy, with great joy, to continue his service as before.” However, in his letters to Chernyshev sometimes notes of extreme fatigue and indecision emerge, which do not harmonize well with this “great joy.” Soon after Orlov's departure, he again took over the main command. In the spring and summer, he undertook another major expedition to the shores of Syria and Egypt to support the uprising that broke out there. The expedition burned several cities, docks and small ships, landed troops several times, and although it was not successful and some landings cost quite large losses (in 1773, one of the ships of the Asia squadron was killed along with its entire crew), it was diverted to the Asian coast large enemy forces. Spiridov's health deteriorated again, and he submitted his resignation, complaining of constant seizures and headaches. Orlov, who always gave the most flattering reviews of Spiridov, supported his request; in November a decree followed, by which Spiridov resigned from service; For many years of impeccable service and exceptional merits, until the day of his death, he was left, in the form of a pension, “the full salary of his rank.”

According to family legend, Spiridov resigned, dissatisfied with the fact that the main honor of the victory at Chesma was attributed to Orlov.

For the brilliant victory over the Turks, the admiral was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called - and received from Catherine II ownership of 16 villages in the Pereslavl district (Nagorye, Vekhovo, Korobovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsevo, Sidorkovo and others).

In February 1774, he left the squadron and went to Russia. Despite his decrepitude and illness, he lived for another 17 years. Spiridov settled in Moscow and spent the summer in the Highlands. In 1785, he began to build in the Highlands, instead of a wooden one, an extensive stone church with three altars: the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of John the Baptist. A bell tower was built along with the temple. GA passed away. Spiridov in Moscow on April 8, 1790 and was buried in the village. Highlands, in the church he completed in 1787. Spiridov and his wife were buried at the entrance to the refectory. Spiridov was married to Anna Matveevna Nesterova (born 1731) and had 4 sons and 2 daughters: Andrei (1750-1770, adjutant of his father), Matveya (1751-1829, senator, famous genealogist), Alexei (1753-1828, admiral, at the age of 8 he began sailing on ships with his father, at the age of 9 he received the rank of midshipman for success in studies and knowledge of naval service, from 1793 he was a vice admiral, from 1796 he received the right to enter the palace to the dinner table, from 179d . commander of the Revel port, since 1803 governor of Revel), Gregory (1758-1822, brigadier), Daria (1761-1805) and Alexandra (for Lieutenant General Gustav Christianovich Zimmerman).

Grigory Grigoryevich Spiridov, the youngest of the four sons of Admiral Grigory Andreevich, began serving as a page, was an officer in the Semenovsky Guards Regiment for a long time, participated in the Swedish War under Catherine II with the rank of captain, and retired with the rank of brigadier at the end of this campaign. In 1798, under Emperor Paul, he was appointed Chief of Police of Moscow and held this position for three years, until 1800, when poor health forced him to retire. But the Napoleonic wars again awakened the warlike spirit in him, and he, already a relatively elderly man, volunteered in the Pereslavl militia in 1812 and in its ranks participated in numerous skirmishes during the Patriotic War. After the expulsion of the French, Spiridov, at the direction of his friend Count Rostopchin, was appointed first commandant, then civil governor of Moscow. In this capacity, he contributed greatly to the restoration of the destroyed city. With Rostopchin's resignation, Spiridov also left the service. He died on May 4, 1822.

Another son of the famous admiral, Matvey Grigorievich, a famous Russian genealogist, senator, was born on November 20, 1751; For 12 years he was enlisted as a page, then until 1778 he served in the Semenovsky regiment, after which he transferred to civilian service. Promoted to the rank of chamber cadet, he was assigned to the Senate at the chief prosecutor's desk (department) in the 1780s. managed the Patrimonial Collegium, in 1793 he was appointed senator of the Moscow departments; On October 28, 1798 he was promoted to actual privy councilor, in 1800-1802. carried out a senatorial audit of the Kazan, Vyatka, Orenburg and Saratov provinces and on December 12, 1809, being in the 7th Department of Appeal, was dismissed from service. From a young age, Spiridov was engaged in literature and science, and in 1771 he participated in Ruban’s magazine “The Hardworking Ant.” His scientific studies were mainly devoted to Russian genealogy. In 1793 and 1794 he published two volumes of the “Genealogical Russian Dictionary” (letters A and B), which he began compiling in 1786 together with his father-in-law, historian, Prince M.M. Shcherbatov, and after the death of the latter in 1790 he continued alone. These books are currently a bibliographic rarity (the second volume is known in only one copy). The compilers of the dictionary have risen to modern scientific requirements: each piece of information is accompanied by an exact indication of the source. Spiridov’s pen also includes “A Brief Experience of Historical News of the Russian Duality,” published in 1804, and “A Brief Description of the Services of Gardening Russian Nobles,” the first two parts of which were published in 1810; the remaining seven parts, completely ready for printing, burned down in 1812 along with the Moscow house; fortunately, drafts were preserved, which were donated by the heirs to the Imperial Public Library. M.G. died Spiridov in 1829. From May 10, 1775, he was married to Princess Irina Mikhailovna Shcherbatova (1757-1827), with whom he had a daughter, Akulina, and 6 sons: Gregory (b. 1777), Alexei (b. 1785), Ivan ( 1787-1821), Alexandra (b. 1788, in 1843 active state councilor, head of the Siberian customs district), Andrei, Mikhail (1796-1854).

Under Matvey Grigoryevich Spiridov, the entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied by a master's estate, with an area of ​​8 dessiatines, with a beautiful garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. Upon his death, this estate, along with the land and serfs, passed to his children and was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were preserved in his direct family and are in the possession of his grandchildren (now there remains one landowner’s estate of the headquarters captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov). In each of the estates there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there is a linden grove, in the other there is a birch grove.

The son of Matvey Grigorievich, Mikhail Matveevich Spiridov entered the service in 1812 as a constable of the Vladimir militia, in 1813-1814. fought at Lutzen, Dresden, Kulm, in the “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig, participated in the capture of Paris, in 1813 he was an ensign, transferred to the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, in 1825 he was a major in the Penza Infantry Regiment, a member of the Decembrist “Society of United Slavs”, sentenced to 1st category of hard labor forever (in 1826, the term of hard labor was reduced to 20 years). In 1827 he arrived in the Chita prison, in the same year the term was reduced to 15 years, in 1832 - to 13. In 1839 he went to the settlement, the place of which, at the request of the brothers, was appointed Krasnoyarsk. 15 versts from the city he acquired a peasant farm, where he was allowed to move in 1848, and there he died.

At the request of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, a house church was built in his estate house in 1821; after his death in 1833 it was abolished.

To the temple with Two more chapels were built in the Highlands - St. Nicholas of Myra, in memory of the wooden church, and the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”; in 1833, another chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built (in memory of the house church). There are 6 of all thrones. The clergy consisted of two priests, a deacon and a psalm-reader.

In 1808, from the theological department of the Vladimir Seminary to the church in the village. Priest Alexander Vasilyevich Nikolaevsky was appointed to the Highlands. In 1835, to the church in the village. Priest Vasily Efimovich Drozdov, who graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1834, was assigned to Nagorye. He served in Nagorya all his life and was elevated to the rank of archpriest. He is buried here. Mikhail Ivanovich Uspensky graduated from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1840, and since 1842 he has been a deacon of the village. Highlands of Pereslavl district, since 1871 - priest. Bykov, Suzdal district, left the state in 1895, died on July 27, 1899.

In 1850 to the temple of the village. Priest Grigory Aleksandrovich Elpatievsky was appointed to the Highlands. In 1880, he published the article “The Nagorye Village of Pereslavl District” in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette (Nos. 3 and 4). Elevated to the rank of archpriest. In 1895 he left the state. Pavel Feodorovich Priklonsky (graduated from Vladimir Seminary in 1852) from 1859 - priest in the village. Nagorye, in 1885 transferred to the village. Filippovskoye, Pokrovsky district.

In 1876, in the Spasopreobrazhensky Church. The priests who served the Highlands were: Vasily Drozdov, Grigory Elpatievsky and Pavel Priklonsky, deacon Flegont Chistyakov, sextons Feodor Sakharov, Alexander Nagorsky, Vasily Tselebrov, sextons Andrei Sokolov and Kosma Yanov Since 1879, the priest of the village. Upland was Nikolai Evlampovich Rozov. He was transferred to the Highlands from the village. Pirovy Settlement of the Vyaznikovsky district, where Ivan Kozmich Yanov served since 1878, after graduating from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1895, he became a psalm-reader. Highlands of Pereslavl district. In 1898, Nikolai Ivanovich Bessonov graduated from the Vladimir Seminary. In 1900 he was ordained a priest to the church of the village. Highlands of Pereslavl district.

The church owned a two-story stone house where a public school was located, and 17 stone benches on the outside of the fence. According to the priest Fr. Grigory Elpatievsky in an article published by him in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette for 1880. No. 3, 4.: “The Nagorsky parish, in addition to the village itself, consists of 15 villages (of the state department: Fininskoye, Sidorkovo, village cross, personal and obligatory. Voronkino, Rodionovo , Mikhaltsovo, Melenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsovo, Korobovo, Ovchinniki, Kamyshevo, Ananino, Myasoyedovo and Torchinovo; in total up to 1435 souls per person) peasants of owners, temporarily obliged and state with a population of 1820 per person per person. Their main occupation is agriculture, and in winters the peasants, former landowners, are engaged in weaving paper products in 14 lighthouses, and the state peasants are engaged in cooperage work. The people are not prosperous, there are few literate people, there is only one public school, and it is private.

In the Highlands itself there are 114 peasant households, 14 landowners, clergy, 1 church, 13 bourgeois, soldier, a total of 140 households, peasant residents 325 souls m.p., clergy in 3 clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, bourgeois, etc. . temporary residents up to 35 souls, total 385 d.

Nagorye has long been a trading village. The trading area in the center of the village belongs to local landowners and other owners. There are 60 shops on the square, 17 of them made of stone, owned by the local church; In addition, there are two lines of tented benches. Trade is carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and pottery, and other agricultural products; 4 shops with colonial goods. There are 4 annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly markets are held on Tuesdays from Intercession Day to Peter's Day. In the summer, the weekly markets are closed. Trade is carried out mostly by third-party traders; On trading days, local residents only sell food supplies. There are 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine wholesale warehouse and 1 oil mill.

Four roads lead to the village and intersect in its center - to Pereslavl, to Kalyazin, to Uglich, to Trinity-Sergius and Moscow. On the south-eastern side of the village flows a stream of fresh, spring water, called the Melenka River, which forms a pond at the beginning of the flow through an artificial dam, very suitable for residents. There are also large ponds in the village itself, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for consumption. Water for daily consumption is obtained from wells.

All land from 4 rural communities with. Nagorya with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Anankino, Myasoyedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshevo and Ovchinino - all of them are one parish of the village of Nagorya. In the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists, there are 697 souls and 765 women) is counted up to 2390 dessiatines, of which 813 dessiatines are arable. Church land -110 acres. Peasants keep only the necessary livestock - horses, cows, sheep. Peasants do not have a surplus of food, so they do not go on sale. Various types of bread, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, etc. are sown in quantities required by each landowner. There is no fishing in the village.

During Soviet times, the temple in which Admiral Spiridov was buried was destroyed. Already in our time it has been returned to believers and is being restored.

Nagorye is a village in the Pereslavl district of the Yaroslavl region, the center of the Nagoryevskoye rural settlement. The population as of January 1, 2007 was 1,795 people.

Name

The village of Nagorye in the old days had several names: Poreevo (Pareevo (until the 17th century), Nikolskoye, then Preobrazhenskoye (according to local churches), and, finally, Nagorye, that is, located on a mountain - a popular name, the only one that has survived to this day. Its own The village has had its modern name since 1770. This name appears in the documents of Catherine II.

Geography

Nagorye is located near the border of the Pereslavl region with the Tver region. It is located 47 km west of the regional city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and 187 km from the regional city of Yaroslavl. The nearest railway stations are: Kalyazin, 48 km (in the Tver region) and Berendeevo, 62 km (in the Pereslavl region). The village is called Highland by its location, as it stands on a hill and can be seen from afar from all sides; in all directions from the village there is a gentle slope. The area around the village is quite flat and occupied by fields and smaller villages and hamlets, limited by coniferous forest. In the lowlands there are moss swamps with small pine forests, and on the hills there are spruce groves. The soil is sandy loam and infertile. South-west winds mainly prevail in the village. The annual precipitation rate is about 500 mm. Winter in the Highlands is quite harsh, with autumn and spring being wet and June and July usually being dry and hot. 5 km from Nagorye the Nerl River flows, skirting the Nagorsk area from the eastern, southern and western sides, flowing from Lake Somino and flowing into the Volga (in fact, it is a continuation of the Vyoksa River flowing from Lake Pleshcheevo). On the southern outskirts of the village flows a tributary of the Nerl - a stream called the Melenka River and, at the beginning of its flow, forms, through an artificial dam, the Nikolsky Pond, named after the Nikolsky Church that was previously located here. In the village itself there is also a central Selsky (Bazarsky), Selkhoztekhniki and other smaller ponds.

The first mention of the village of Poreevo dates back to the 14th century. But it existed already during the time of the Pereslavl principality, served as its stronghold in the west and stood at the crossroads of trade roads between Moscow, Uglich and Ksnyatin, on the very border of the Pereslavl, Tver and Uglich principalities. For travel and transportation of goods here they took a zamytye (trade duty), therefore the entire surrounding area was called “Zamitye”, and its owners received the surname Zamytsky. The village of Poreevo in 1571 was given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity-Sergius Monastery. According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo included several beginnings, a wasteland, arable land, 30 quarters in a field, 50 kopecks of hay, 4 dessiatines of forest, a monastery courtyard, a cow yard, 7 peasant farmsteads. In 1593, this patrimony was taken by the head Afanasy Alyabyev, making a contribution of 100 rubles for it. Since 1614, Poreevo again belonged to the monastery. In 1624, the village was assigned to the sovereign's palace villages in the palace, but was soon returned to Mikhail Mikhailov...

Nagorye village. Church of the Transfiguration Once I arrived to photograph a new church under construction, I saw that an excavator was working at the construction site. Renting construction equipment allows you to replace manual labor with mechanized labor and speed up construction significantly; in this case, thanks to heavy equipment, excavation work will be completed in the shortest possible time (from the editor of the site). Nagorye is a large ancient trading village. At the beginning of the 17th century. there were two churches in it: “Transfiguration of the Savior, a wooden dumpling with a tent top, standing without singing,” and on the river. Melenka churchyard with the Church of St. Nicholas of Myra with the side-chapel of the Great Martyr Irene (in the side-chapel there are no icons, no books, no church utensils), the building of the patrimonial landowner Dmitry Andreevich Zamytsky, who in 1570-1572. was governor in Mtsensk. When Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich marched from the Aleksandrovskaya Sloboda against the Crimean Khan to Tula and Dedilov in 1572, D.A. was in the leading regiment with Ivan Mikhailovich Morozov. Zamytsky, “and the people with them were according to their lists.” In 1573, Dmitry Andreevich was the governor in Staritsa. In 1574, an army was sent to Pernov with the Kazan Tsar Simeon Bekbulatovich, a detachment of Nogais was under the command of Zamytsky. In 1575, Zamytsky was one of the heads on Myshega in the right hand of Prince Ivan Yuryevich Golitsyn; in 1576 in Novgorod in a large regiment with the boyar Ivan Vasilyevich Sheremetev, in 1579 - governor and governor in Ryazhsk. In 1580 there were regiments in Rzhev; the commanders of the leading regiment were Prince Vasily Agishev of Tyumen and Zamytsky; Prince Feodor Alexandrovich Masalsky was appointed in his place, and Zamytsky was ordered to be in Toropets. In 1581, after the Lithuanians burned out Staraya Rusa, the tsar sent other governors to replace the previous ones, including Dimitri Andreevich. The Lithuanians came to Staraya Russa a second time and set it on fire; the governor, Prince Turenin, was taken prisoner, because the other governors (two Saltykovs and Zamytsky) “ran and handed over Prince Vasily.” In 1582, Zamytsky described the lands of Derevskaya Pyatina (in the Novgorod region) and in the same year was a siege commander in Ruza. In 1583, in mid-April, troops were sent to the Volga; Prince Ivan Samsonovich Turenin and Zamytsky commanded a large regiment. Together with the governors of the advanced regiment, they set up a prison in Kozmodemyansk. In 1594, Zamytsky made observations together with Kuzma Osipovich Bezobrazov. In 1597, he was present when Tsar Boris received the burgrave of Danava, bearing the title of hunter at that time. Last time D.A. Zamytsky is mentioned in documents of 1602. , when he was a governor in Oreshka. Half a mile from the Church of the Transfiguration, until 1825, in the graveyard, where local clergymen had long lived, there was another parish church, later included in the Nagorskaya Transfiguration Church, in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. Tradition says that in ancient times there was a monastery here called “Nikolo in Tyntsy", but no traces of the monastery remained. According to documents of the 17th century. at the Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker “Prest Alexy, sexton Ivashko, sexton, mallow maker, poor elders in their cells.” At the beginning of the 17th century. the village belonged to the okolnichy Mikhail Mikhailovich Zamytsky, in 1624 it was assigned to the sovereign, but was soon returned to the previous owner. There were 33 peasant households in the village at that time. Two wooden churches existed until the end of the 18th century. St. Nicholas Church was abolished in 1796 after the construction of a stone church; a chapel was erected in its place, and clergy houses were built nearby. The Transfiguration Church was restored after 1628, included in the salary books and imposed tribute in 1654. The Highlands formerly belonged to Ekaterina Mikhailovna Saltykova, together with the village of Voskresensky (Khmelniki), located 5 versts from it, and 16 surrounding villages, inherited from her Count Matvey Fedorovich Apraksin. In 1770, Empress Catherine II bought this estate and granted it to her admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov for eternal and hereditary possession for his defeat and destruction of the Turkish fleet. Having received the estate from the generosity of the empress, he began to build, as a sign of gratitude, a huge stone church, on the site of the then existing wooden one, in the name of the Transfiguration of the Lord, but before finishing it, he died (buried in the temple), the construction was completed by his eldest son and heir of the Highlands Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov. In 1770, the Highlands passed into the hands of the famous hero of Chesma, Admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov. He was born on January 18, 1713 into an old impoverished noble family, the son of the commandant of Vyborg under Peter I, Andrei Alekseevich Spiridov and his wife Anna Vasilyevna Korotneva. In 1732, Spiridov began serving in the navy. In the 16th year he was promoted to midshipman, sent to Astrakhan, from where he sailed to Persia, then to Kronstadt, and sailed to Lubeck. In 1732 he was promoted to midshipman, in 1737 he was appointed adjutant to Admiral Bredal. GA. Spiridov took an active part in the Russian-Turkish (1735-1739) and the Seven Years' Wars (1756-1763). In 1742, already with the rank of lieutenant, he sailed to the Arctic Ocean. In 1749 he was ordered to be present at the Moscow Admiralty office. In 1750 he was appointed commander of the imperial yachts and in 1754, with the rank of captain of the 3rd rank, company commander in the cadet corps. During the Seven Years' War, Spiridov took part (in 1760 and 1761) in an expedition to the shores of Prussia and commanded a landing detachment. In 1762, promoted to rear admiral, he became commander of an active squadron. A vice admiral since 1764, Spiridov was the chief commander of first the Revep port, then the Kronstadt port, and the head of the “sheathing fleet.” When Catherine II visited this fleet, she personally placed the insignia of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky on its commander. In the summer of 1769, Spiridov, on the occasion of the war with Turkey, was sent to the Mediterranean Sea and on September 22 of the same year he was promoted to admiral. At the beginning of 1770, his squadron was already off the coast of the Seas and caused a Greek uprising against Turkish rule. Disagreement between Spiridov and admirals Greig and Elphinstone forced Count A.G. Orlov to take over the main command of the fleet, and on June 26, 1770, the Russian fleet won a brilliant victory over the Turkish fleet at Chesma. Spiridov's naval leadership talent manifested itself with particular force during the Russian-Turkish War of 1768-1774. In 1768, during the outbreak of the war with Turkey, he was appointed commander of the First Squadron, and on June 4, 1769 he was promoted to full admirap. On July 18, 1769, a squadron consisting of 7 battleships, a frigate, a bombardment ship, 4 transports, 2 messenger ships left Kronstadt and headed for the Mediterranean theater of military operations. On June 25-26, 1770, the famous Battle of Chesma took place. The battle began on June 23. Russian forces consisted of 9 battleships, 3 frigates and 18 small ships, Turkish forces - of 16 battleships, 6 frigates and 60 small ships. The Russian lead ship "Europe" lost control, and the flagship "St. Evstafiy" with Alexei Orlov and Spiridov on board ended up in front of the column of ships. He approached the Turkish fleet, firing with all his guns. Spiridov, with the image he received from the empress on his chest, with a drawn sword, walked along the bridge, watching the battle. Music was playing on the quarterdeck. "Eustathius" grappled with the enemy admiral's ship, the sailors rushed to board, the Turkish ship burst into flames. Spiridov and Orlov left their ship on the boat, and on time, a few minutes later, the burning mast of the Turkish ship collapsed onto the deck of the Eustathia, and both ships flew into the air. The Turkish fleet took refuge in the harbor. On the night of June 25–26, the Russians launched a new attack. Spiridov gave orders through a megaphone while on the ship “Three Hierarchs”. After a short firefight, the Russians launched incendiary fire ships, one of which managed to set fire to a Turkish ship. The fire engulfed the entire Turkish fleet with terrible force, and ship explosions followed one after another. By morning it was all over, the Russians managed to capture only 1 ship and 6 galleys, the rest of the fleet died in the flames. In the report of the Admiralty Board on the occasion of the defeat of the Turks at Chesma G.A. Spiridov wrote: “Honor to the All-Russian fleet, the enemy’s Turkish military fleet was attacked, defeated, broken, burned, sent into the sky, sunk and turned to ashes... and they themselves began to be dominant in the entire archipelago.” The impression made by the Battle of Chesme in Russia, Turkey and throughout the world was enormous. Spiridov took Fr. Paros, on which he built a dock for repairing ships, erected fortifications. In January 1771, the admiral accepted 18 islands into Russian citizenship. The Academy of Arts owes him many fragments of ancient marble statues and bas-reliefs sent by him from the archipelago. G.A. Spiridov, according to a contemporary, combined generosity and experience with courage. But the admiral's health was poor. As he put it, “the seizures that followed in old age brought me to such impotence that I became completely decrepit.” Therefore, when in the summer of 1772 a truce was concluded and Orlov, who had long returned from St. Petersburg, came to the fleet, Spiridov, with his permission, left his post and went to rest in Livorno - “in the best climate before the archipelago.” Indeed, in Italy his health improved “similar to his old age”, and already in January 1773 he returned to the fleet - “out of zeal and jealousy, with great joy, to continue his service as before.” However, in his letters to Chernyshev sometimes notes of extreme fatigue and indecision emerge, which do not harmonize well with this “great joy.” Soon after Orlov's departure, he again took over the main command. In the spring and summer, he undertook another major expedition to the shores of Syria and Egypt to support the uprising that broke out there. The expedition burned several cities, docks and small ships, landed troops several times, and although it was not successful and some landings cost quite large losses (in 1773, one of the ships of the Asia squadron was killed along with its entire crew), it was diverted to the Asian coast large enemy forces. Spiridov's health deteriorated again, and he submitted his resignation, complaining of constant seizures and headaches. Orlov, who always gave the most flattering reviews of Spiridov, supported his request; in November a decree followed, by which Spiridov resigned from service; For many years of impeccable service and exceptional merits, until the day of his death, he was left, in the form of a pension, “the full salary of his rank.” According to family legend, Spiridov resigned, dissatisfied with the fact that the main honor of the victory at Chesma was attributed to Orlov. For the brilliant victory over the Turks, the admiral was awarded the highest order of the Russian Empire - St. Andrew the First-Called - and received from Catherine II ownership of 16 villages in the Pereslavl district (Nagorye, Vekhovo, Korobovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsevo, Sidorkovo and others). In February 1774, he left the squadron and went to Russia. Despite his decrepitude and illness, he lived for another 17 years. Spiridov settled in Moscow and spent the summer in the Highlands. In 1785, he began to build in the Highlands, instead of a wooden one, an extensive stone church with three altars: the Transfiguration of the Lord, the Life-Giving Trinity and the Nativity of John the Baptist. A bell tower was built along with the temple. GA passed away. Spiridov in Moscow on April 8, 1790 and was buried in the village. Highlands, in the church he completed in 1787. Spiridov and his wife were buried at the entrance to the refectory. Spiridov was married to Anna Matveevna Nesterova (born 1731) and had 4 sons and 2 daughters: Andrei (1750-1770, adjutant of his father), Matveya (1751-1829, senator, famous genealogist), Alexei (1753-1828, admiral, at the age of 8 he began sailing on ships with his father, at the age of 9 he received the rank of midshipman for success in studies and knowledge of naval service, from 1793 he was a vice admiral, from 1796 he received the right to enter the palace to the dinner table, from 179d . commander of the Revel port, since 1803 governor of Revel), Gregory (1758-1822, brigadier), Daria (1761-1805) and Alexandra (for Lieutenant General Gustav Christianovich Zimmerman). Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov, the youngest of the four sons of Admiral Grigory Andreevich, began serving as a page, for a long time was an officer in the Semenovsky Guards Regiment, participated in the Swedish War under Catherine II with the rank of captain, and retired with the rank of brigadier at the end of this campaign. In 1798, under Emperor Paul, he was appointed Chief of Police of Moscow and held this position for three years, until 1800, when poor health forced him to retire. But the Napoleonic wars again awakened the warlike spirit in him, and he, already a relatively elderly man, volunteered in the Pereslavl militia in 1812 and in its ranks participated in numerous skirmishes during the Patriotic War. After the expulsion of the French, Spiridov, at the direction of his friend Count Rostopchin, was appointed first commandant, then civil governor of Moscow. In this capacity, he contributed greatly to the restoration of the destroyed city. With Rostopchin's resignation, Spiridov also left the service. He died on May 4, 1822. Another son of the famous admiral, Matvey Grigorievich, a famous Russian genealogist and senator, was born on November 20, 1751; For 12 years he was enlisted as a page, then until 1778 he served in the Semenovsky regiment, after which he transferred to civilian service. Promoted to the rank of chamber cadet, he was assigned to the Senate at the chief prosecutor's desk (department) in the 1780s. managed the Patrimonial Collegium, in 1793 he was appointed senator of the Moscow departments; On October 28, 1798 he was promoted to actual privy councilor, in 1800-1802. carried out a senatorial audit of the Kazan, Vyatka, Orenburg and Saratov provinces and on December 12, 1809, being in the 7th Department of Appeal, was dismissed from service. From a young age, Spiridov was engaged in literature and science, and in 1771 he participated in Ruban’s magazine “The Hardworking Ant.” His scientific studies were mainly devoted to Russian genealogy. In 1793 and 1794 he published two volumes of the “Genealogical Russian Dictionary” (letters A and B), which he began compiling in 1786 together with his father-in-law, historian, Prince M.M. Shcherbatov, and after the death of the latter in 1790 he continued alone. These books are currently a bibliographic rarity (the second volume is known in only one copy). The compilers of the dictionary have risen to modern scientific requirements: each piece of information is accompanied by an exact indication of the source. Spiridov’s pen also includes “A Brief Experience of Historical News of the Russian Duality,” published in 1804, and “A Brief Description of the Services of Gardening Russian Nobles,” the first two parts of which were published in 1810; the remaining seven parts, completely ready for printing, burned down in 1812 along with the Moscow house; fortunately, drafts were preserved, which were donated by the heirs to the Imperial Public Library. M.G. died Spiridov in 1829. From May 10, 1775, he was married to Princess Irina Mikhailovna Shcherbatova (1757-1827), with whom he had a daughter, Akulina, and 6 sons: Gregory (b. 1777), Alexei (b. 1785), Ivan ( 1787-1821), Alexandra (b. 1788, in 1843 active state councilor, head of the Siberian customs district), Andrei, Mikhail (1796-1854). Under Matvey Grigoryevich Spiridov, the entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied by a master's estate, with an area of ​​8 dessiatines, with a beautiful garden, a linden grove and greenhouses. Upon his death, this estate, along with the land and serfs, passed to his children and was divided into 4 parts between his sons, of which two were preserved in his direct family and are in the possession of his grandchildren (now there remains one landowner’s estate of the headquarters captain Grigory Grigorievich Spiridov). In each of the estates there were owner's houses and gardens attached to them; in one of them there is a linden grove, in the other there is a birch grove. The son of Matvey Grigorievich, Mikhail Matveevich Spiridov entered the service in 1812 as a constable of the Vladimir militia, in 1813-1814. fought at Lutzen, Dresden, Kulm, in the “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig, participated in the capture of Paris, in 1813 he was an ensign, transferred to the Life Guards Grenadier Regiment, in 1825 he was a major in the Penza Infantry Regiment, a member of the Decembrist “Society of United Slavs”, sentenced to 1st category of hard labor forever (in 1826, the term of hard labor was reduced to 20 years). In 1827 he arrived in the Chita prison, in the same year the term was reduced to 15 years, in 1832 - to 13. In 1839 he went to the settlement, the place of which, at the request of the brothers, was appointed Krasnoyarsk. 15 versts from the city he acquired a peasant farm, where he was allowed to move in 1848, and there he died. At the request of Matvey Grigorievich Spiridov, a house church was built in his estate house in 1821; after his death in 1833 it was abolished. To the temple with Two more chapels were built in the Highlands - St. Nicholas of Myra, in memory of the wooden church, and the icon of the Mother of God “Joy of All Who Sorrow”; in 1833, another chapel of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God was built (in memory of the house church). There are 6 of all thrones. The clergy consisted of two priests, a deacon and a psalm-reader. In 1808, from the theological department of the Vladimir Seminary to the church in the village. Priest Alexander Vasilyevich Nikolaevsky was appointed to the Highlands. In 1835, to the church in the village. Priest Vasily Efimovich Drozdov, who graduated from the Vladimir Seminary in 1834, was assigned to Nagorye. He served in Nagorya all his life and was elevated to the rank of archpriest. He is buried here. Mikhail Ivanovich Uspensky graduated from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1840, and since 1842 he has been a deacon of the village. Highlands of Pereslavl district, since 1871 - priest. Bykov, Suzdal district, left the state in 1895, died on July 27, 1899. In 1850, to the temple of the village. Priest Grigory Aleksandrovich Elpatievsky was appointed to the Highlands. In 1880, he published the article “The Nagorye Village of Pereslavl District” in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette (Nos. 3 and 4). Elevated to the rank of archpriest. In 1895 he left the state. Pavel Feodorovich Priklonsky (graduated from Vladimir Seminary in 1852) from 1859 - priest in the village. Nagorye, in 1885 transferred to the village. Filippovskoye, Pokrovsky district. In 1876, in the Spasopreobrazhensky Church. The priests who served the Highlands were: Vasily Drozdov, Grigory Elpatievsky and Pavel Priklonsky, deacon Flegont Chistyakov, sextons Feodor Sakharov, Alexander Nagorsky, Vasily Tselebrov, sextons Andrei Sokolov and Kosma Yanov Since 1879. priest s. Upland was Nikolai Evlampovich Rozov. He was transferred to the Highlands from the village. Pirovy Settlement of the Vyaznikovsky district, where Ivan Kozmich Yanov served since 1878, after graduating from the Vladimir Theological Seminary in 1895, he became a psalm-reader. Highlands of Pereslavl district. In 1898, Nikolai Ivanovich Bessonov graduated from the Vladimir Seminary. In 1900 he was ordained a priest to the church of the village. Highlands of Pereslavl district. The church owned a two-story stone house where a public school was located, and 17 stone benches on the outside of the fence. According to the priest Fr. Grigory Elpatievsky in an article published by him in the Vladimir Provincial Gazette for 1880. No. 3, 4.: “The Nagorsky parish, in addition to the village itself, consists of 15 villages (of the state department: Fininskoye, Sidorkovo, village cross, personal and obligatory. Voronkino, Rodionovo , Mikhaltsovo, Melenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Ogoreltsovo, Korobovo, Ovchinniki, Kamyshevo, Ananino, Myasoyedovo and Torchinovo; in total up to 1435 souls per person) peasants of owners, temporarily obliged and state with a population of 1820 per person per person. Their main occupation is agriculture, and in winters the peasants, former landowners, are engaged in weaving paper products in 14 lighthouses, and the state peasants are engaged in cooperage work. The people are not prosperous, there are few literate people, there is only one public school, and it is private. In the Highlands itself there are 114 peasant households, 14 landowners, clergy, 1 church, 13 bourgeois, soldier, a total of 140 households, peasant residents 325 souls m.p., clergy in 3 clergy - 26 souls, nobles, merchants, bourgeois, etc. . Temporary residents up to 35 souls, a total of 385 d. Nagorye has long been a trading village. The trading area in the center of the village belongs to local landowners and other owners. There are 60 shops on the square, 17 of them made of stone, owned by the local church; In addition, there are two lines of tented benches. Trade is carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and pottery, and other agricultural products; 4 shops with colonial goods. There are 4 annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly markets are held on Tuesdays from Intercession Day to Peter's Day. In the summer, the weekly markets are closed. Trade is carried out mostly by third-party traders; On trading days, local residents only sell food supplies. There are 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine wholesale warehouse and 1 oil mill. Four roads lead to the village and in its center intersect - to Pereslavl, to Kalyazin, to Uglich, to Trinity-Sergius and Moscow. On the south-eastern side of the village flows a stream of fresh, spring water, called the Melenka River, which forms a pond at the beginning of the flow through an artificial dam, very suitable for residents. There are also large ponds in the village itself, but the water in them is stagnant and therefore unfit for consumption. Water for daily consumption is obtained from wells. All land from 4 rural communities with. Nagorya with 7 villages (Torchinovo, Anankino, Myasoyedovo, Rodionovo, Ogoreltsy, Kamyshevo and Ovchinino - all of them are one parish of the village of Nagorya. In the entire Nagorsky society, according to family lists, there are 697 souls and 765 women) is counted up to 2390 dessiatines, of which 813 dessiatines are arable. Church land -110 acres. Peasants keep only the necessary livestock - horses, cows, sheep. Peasants do not have a surplus of food, so they do not go on sale. Various types of bread, potatoes, cabbage, cucumbers, etc. are sown in quantities required by each landowner. There is no fishing in the village. During Soviet times, the temple in which Admiral Spiridov was buried was destroyed. Already in our time it has been returned to believers and is being restored.

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On a summer morning in the village after sunrise, the full moon looks wonderful over the flowering meadow.

They hide behind jasmine and lilac bushes, and wooden huts stand under rowan trees.

Summer, morning, the village of Sitnitsa - I am ready to look at this wooden carved beauty endlessly.

Please note that around the wooden huts there are no bathhouses or small huts visible. It turns out that there were no baths in these parts; people washed in ovens.

And what kind of windows does this hut have? The platbands are colored, and along the sides there are wooden carved columns.

In general, side carved columns are very typical for platbands in the villages of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver region and the Pereslavsky district of the Yaroslavl region.

How many living creatures were once here? The good owner had one cow, one horse, one sheep for every two members of his family. What if there were 12 people in the family?

Wooden hut houses in villages and villages are absolutely alive, like people. The owner is doing well, the house is strong and in order.

Things got rocky and the fence began to shake.

From the village of Sitnitsa we go to the village of Nagorye.

We are walking along the ancient road, the Kalyazinsky tract, which connected the ancient cities of Pereslavl-Zalessky and Kalyazin.

How many people have walked along this road over the centuries?

It looks like the forecast for this summer morning, thunderstorm and storm, is beginning to come true. Clouds boiled in the sky.

Above the horizon, the blue began to quickly darken.

The ancient trading village of Nagorye has been called by different names over its long history.

And Poreevo (Pareevo), and in churches - Nikolskoye, Preobrazhenskoye. But the original folk name “Highlands” has been preserved.

After all, the village of Nagorye is crowned by a large single hill in the middle of a flat plain.
Right at the very top, the village of Nagorye with its Transfiguration Church embodies the idea of ​​a “city on a hill”.

The rural square around the Transfiguration Church delights with its spaciousness and amazes with the scale of trade operations that were once carried out here.

The village of Nagorye is located in the center at an equal distance of approximately 50 km from the surrounding neighboring cities. The roads to Kalyazin, Pereslavl, Uglich, Sergiev Posad and Moscow converge and diverge to the square around the Transfiguration Church in the village of Nagorye.

Therefore, the village of Nagorye in former times was a large trading village. What life was in full swing here!

Quote from an essay by a local historian G. Elpatievsky:
“In 1880, there were 60 shops on the square, 17 of them stone, owned by the local church; in addition, two lines of tented shop premises; the shops were all covered with planks.
Trade was carried out in red goods, leather, iron and flour, meat, sheepskins, horses, wooden and pottery and other rural products; There were also four shops selling colonial goods.
There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya, and weekly bazaars took place on Tuesdays, starting from Intercession Day to Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29).
In the summer, the weekly bazaars stopped. Trade was carried out mostly by third-party traders; On trading days, local residents were engaged only in selling food supplies.
There were 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine wholesale warehouse and 1 oil mill.”

Let's take a walk on a summer morning along the streets of the ancient trading village of Nagorye.

There are old wooden houses.

They look through eyes like windows from the past.

Well, here we go again. The curtain in the window moved aside, a head appeared, and an angry resident jumped out into the yard.

Man, why are you taking photos of my house?
“He’s old,” I answer.
- So what if he’s old? What's so special about it?
- And there’s the Khrushchev house opposite. What's so special about it?
- There's nothing in it.
- That's right, but there is a Soul in your house.

And the woman looks at both her house and me with respect.

And I’m walking along the streets of the old trading village of Nagorye.

I inhale the scents of the past.

Linden trees are blooming. Houses run up the slopes of the hill.

It smells like dill.

The carved beauty of old wooden houses, wooden fences, flowering front gardens in the trading village of Nagorye makes me feel so good.

When you walk along a new hiking route, it is difficult to calculate the end time of the hike.

The bus to Sergiev Posad will arrive in only an hour.

While waiting for the bus, I stare at the environment.

Sunday summer morning in a large village. A big guy lazily strolls around in shorts and a T-shirt with a picture of a hammer and sickle and the inscription “Mow and slaughter.” An oriental merchant coughs mercilessly on his fruit, as if the poor fellow had tuberculosis. Grandmothers sell chanterelle mushrooms and blueberries in glass jars. Provinces...

Description of the Highlands (Yaroslavl region)

Few villages in the Yaroslavl region can compete with Nagorye in beauty and picturesque location. The village is located on a high hill, at the intersection of the Pereslavl - Moscow - Uglich - Kalyazin roads. The village is washed on both sides by the Nerl River, in the east there is the now dried up famous Torchinovskoe swamp, from which intense heat emanates in dry summers.

In the very center of the village stands a dilapidated, blackened stone temple - a monument to the past of the village, whose history dates back to the 15th century.

Nagorye is a former regional center. Nowadays it is a large village with a population of almost three thousand, famous for its amazing cheese and confectionery products.

The Highlands are living history, which local historians are trying to revive. This guide is the result of a lot of work.

Nagorye was a large trading village located not far from the borders of Pereslavl district and Tver province.

The first mention of the village of Nagorye occurs in the 14th century, when during the Pereslavl principality it was a stronghold in the west, as well as a junction of trade roads from its capital to the cities of Ketyatin and Kalyazin, from Moscow to ancient Uglich.

The village of Nagorye has had several names during its existence: Poreevo (Pareevo), Nikolskoye, Preobrazhenskoye, Nagorye. Until the 17th century, these places were called the village of Poreevo. Until the 17th century there were only a few peasant households.

At the beginning of the 17th century. The Church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker appeared (building by D. A. Zamytsky). Hence the new name of the village - Nikolskoye. The church was very poor (as evidenced by the scribe books of 1628 - 1629) - there were no icons, no books, no church utensils; At the church there was priest Alexey, sexton Ivashka, a sexton, mallow workers, and poor elders in their cells. Until 1923, there was a chapel on the site of the old St. Nicholas Church.

The name of the church has survived to this day, but in a slightly different form.

Near the place where the first local church stood there is a large beautiful pond, which is called Nikolsky.

A little later, the Transfiguration of Spasovo Church, a wooden one, was built on the site of the current church. From that time on, and for almost a hundred and fifty years, the village was called Preobrazhenskoye.

It has had its current name - Nagorye - since 1770. This is exactly how it appears in the documents of Catherine II.

It is possible that not far from the Highlands, at the borders of the neighboring Tver and Uglich principalities, where there was a customs office, or in the old “myt”, where they took a duty for transported goods, so this side was popularly called Zamytye, and its first owners were the Zamytskys. The Zamytsky boyars were the largest landowners in the Pereslavl region.

The village of Poreevo in 1571, together with the village of Foninsky (as it was called after the local priest), were given by Davyd and Ivan Zamytsky to the Trinity - Sergius Monastery.

In 1575, according to the spiritual Maria Zamytskaya, the wife of Bogdan Semenovich and her son Ivan, they donated their old patrimony the village of Andriyanovskoye with villages along the Nerl River to the Trinity - Sergius Monastery.

Maria herself went to atone for her sins at the Assumption Monastery (not far from Shiryayka), where she took monastic vows as a nun. Thus, the entire area belonged to the monastery.

According to the scribe book of 1593, the village of Poreevo includes: several beginnings, wastelands, arable land, 30 quarters of a field, 50 kopecks of hay, 4 dessiatines of forest, a monastery courtyard, a cow yard, 7 peasant households.

In the same year, the head Afanasy Alyabyev took this estate for living, giving a contribution of 100 rubles for it.

Since 1614, Poreevo again became the property of the monastery.

Since 1624, Poreevo was assigned to state palace lands, then returned to Zamytsky. After the Zamytskys, the village belonged to the Saltykovs, and from them it passed to Count Apraksin. In 1770, the Highlands were purchased by Catherine II and granted to the Russian admiral Grigory Andreevich Spiridov.

Having received the estate, Spiridov began to build an extensive stone temple (1785-1787). Also, on his instructions, a manor house and a number of wooden buildings were built in 1785. The entire south-eastern side of the village was occupied by the master's estate with an area of ​​8 acres with a beautiful garden and greenhouses.

After the death of G.A. Spiridov was buried in the Nagoryevskaya Transfiguration Church.

The heir to the estate was Matvey Grigoryevich Spiridov in 1790. Since 1829, the estate of Nagorye passed to his sons: Grigory, Alexey, Alexander and Matvey. Further, only two branches of the Spiridovs retained their land ownership in the Highlands. In 1885, there was a strong fire in the Highlands, which destroyed almost all wooden buildings, including the estate. And already in 1887 they were rebuilt again.

What was the village like at the end of the 19th century? Peasant households - 114; landowners, clergy - 11, church - 1; soldiers - 110. The main occupation of the peasants - land ownership - did not bring much income. Therefore, most peasants lived poorly, as evidenced by their lifestyle.

The peasants' houses were one-story, from 7 to 10 arshins, they were heated mainly with black fire, the food was meager: bread, radishes, oatmeal, peas, onions.

After the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the situation of the peasants changed little. The pieces of land that were allocated to them and for which they had to pay a large ransom did not provide an opportunity to farm profitably. Riots broke out on this basis.

For example, in the village. Vedomsha in 1879, 175 people were arrested for attempting an uprising. But rich merchants appeared - the Valyaevs, Karelins, Musatovs, Osokins, Sveshnikovs, Sheksnins. They were engaged not only in trade, but also in buying land from the poor.

Upland has long been a trading village. The trading area, which occupied a significant part of the village, belonged to local landowners and some visiting rich people. There were 60 shops trading on the square, in addition to two lines of tented shops. They traded leather, iron, meat, and flour products; sheepskins, horses, wooden and pottery.

There were four annual fairs: Petrovskaya, Ilyinskaya, Preobrazhenskaya and Pokrovskaya. There were also weekly markets on Tuesdays, starting from Intercession of the Day and ending with Peter's Day (from October 1 to June 29).

Trade was carried out mainly by visiting traders; local residents sold only food products on trading days. In the village there were 3 taverns, 2 taverns, 2 inns, 1 wine wholesale warehouse and 1 oil mill.

In 1865 - 1867 Anthrax was raging. A large number of livestock died.

By the beginning of the century, the Nagoryevskaya volost was part of the Pereslavl district of the Vladimir province. The land belonged to large landowners. 75 large kulak farms had as much land as 14 thousand peasant farms, and the best land. Almost 50% of peasants went to the city every year to earn money. Crafts existed: in Vedomsha - factories for the production of tar and turpentine, in Voronov and Kolgan - coal was burned, in Likharevo pottery was developed, in Sidorkov - blacksmithing, in Sleptsov - carpenters and fullers worked, in Sitnitsy - they worked in oil mills.

In 1912, only 78 children studied at the parish school. No more than a dozen graduated from school each year. There was one library for the entire Nagoryevskaya volost; it contained 1,203 books.

The post office was in the hands of a private owner, the Pereslavl nobleman Rodyshevsky.

The Nagoryevsk hospital was in such a state that its ceilings collapsed. The newspaper "Old Vladimir" wrote about this. Two doctors, 4 paramedics, one midwife - that’s all the medical staff for 6 volosts. The mortality rate was enormous. In 1906, 2,700 people died, of which 75% were children under 5 years of age.

Soviet power was established peacefully. When on November 21, 1917, Nagoryevsk priest N.A. During the all-night vigil, supported by wealthy peasants, Epiphany called to defend the provisional government and not to believe the Bolsheviks; the villagers tied up the rebels and sent them to Pereslavl.

Soviet power in the village was proclaimed in December 1917.

The first rural commissar was Semenov Yakov Nikolaevich. The Nagoryevsk party cell included 3 people: Alexey Sekretov, Alexey Ryzhenkov, Stepan Zauzin and 12 sympathizers.

In the 1920s - 1930s, many changes occurred: 153 collective farms, 2 MTS, which had 96 taverns, 14 combines, 20 threshers and other equipment, were created on the territory of the Nagoryevsky district. In 1929, the collective farm "Unification" was created on the territory of the village of Nagorye and its first chairman was Yakov Nikolaevich Golyakov.

In 1929, the first telephone appeared. He was the only one in the entire region and the connection was only with the city of Pereslavl. By 1938, in the Nagoryevsky district there were 27 pig farms, 24 sheep farms, and 3 horse farms. There were 4 hospitals and one medical station, 10 paramedic stations, they were served by 6 doctors, 13 midwives and other medical personnel.

There were 5513 children studying in 52 primary, junior high and secondary schools. In the area there was a House of Culture, 15 huts - a reading room with small libraries.

There was a women's livestock breeding organization, Marfa Egorovna Tikhonova, Klavdiya Dmitrievna Belyakova, Nina Ivanovna Denisova, Ksenia Alekseevna Ganina actively worked in it.

The anti-religious organization SVB (Union of Militant Atheists) operated under the district council. The result of the activities of this organization and politics in general was the looting of a local church and the desecration of the ashes of Admiral G.A. Spiridov. autumn 1930

On June 10, 1921, the Nagoryevsky district was formed as part of the Ivanovo industrial region, and before that Nagorye was part of the Vladimir province. In 1931, the first issue of the regional newspaper Pobeda was published.

During the Great Patriotic War, the Nagoryevsky district, like the whole country, worked for the front. This was the frontline zone. Hundreds of refugees from the Smolensk region and from the Kalinin region stopped in Nagorye. Preparations were underway in the forests for camp sites for partisan detachments. A fighter battalion was created in the area to combat enemy landings and train military personnel.

The workers of the region gave a lot to the front during the war: they collected money for the Ivan Susanin tank column, for the Yaroslavsky Komsomolets squadron, and for orphanages. Many parcels were sent to the front with food and warm

More than 700 people did not return from the front.

At the end of 1944, the disintegration of the region began. Of the 120 collective farms, only 22 were created. On March 29, 1944, by decision of the executive committee of the district council, the former Moskovskaya Street was renamed Admiral Spiridov Street. In 1962, sculptor O.V. Butkevich and architect I.B. Purishev built a bust of G.A. Spiridov.

Since 1965, the state farm "Unification" began to be called the state farm "Nagorye".

In 1885, the patrimony of Nagorye, Admiral Grigory Spiridov, began construction of a vast stone temple with three altars instead of a wooden church. The construction was completed in 1787. The temple was called "Transfiguration of Spasovo".

In 1875, two more chapels were added to it on the western side. In 1833, another throne was built in the refectory in memory of the former house church of the same landowner Spiridov. (The church in the house of M.G. Spiridov was built in 1821, and after his death in 1833, it was abolished).

Inside the church at the entrance to the meal, the body of the temple creator, Admiral G.A., was buried. Spiridov, as well as his wife.

The church owned: a two-story house within the church fence, in which there was a parochial school, and 17 stone shops on the outside of the fence, which brought in an income of 60 rubles a year.

The parish consisted of the village of Nagorye and the villages: Malenki, Vekhovo, Manshino, Sidorkovo, Ogoreltsevo, Ovchinnikovo, Torchinovo, Korobovo, Mikhaltsevo, Voronkino, Rodionovo, Obonyakovo, Foninskoye, in which there were 1989 male souls and 2410 female souls. The zemstvo school existed at the church since 1871. The church was destroyed in 1930. From that time on, the premises of the temple housed a state farm warehouse.

Only on August 2, 1992, a service was held in the church premises for the founder of the temple, Admiral G.A. Spiridov.