Balloon and its application. The use of balloons in everyday life: a practical solution

Holidays are something that likes both adults and children. We all love bright and holidays that are remembered for us for a long time. In order for the holiday to be really excellent, you should disturb not only about treating and entertainment guests. You should also think about how this holiday can be issued, which scenery can be used so that the holiday really looked very stylish. Wireless way is the design of the holiday by alive flowers. You can also place a room with balloons, which can be bought on the site https://dom-sharov.ru. Here they cost inexpensively and always presented in a large assortment. The balloon has long been recognized as one of the best decorations of any holiday.

Bright, multicolored, funny, air, they will definitely bring a good mood and create just unforgettable impressions. You can order them in any quantity. Balloons are light, soaring in the clouds, they give the real joy and a sense of flight, both small kids and adults.

Registration of holiday balls Everyone likes everyone because:

• bright;
• cheerful;
• air;
• returns adults in childhood.

Such a combination of parameters turns helium balls into the most unique way to allocate all importance and solemnity. events. Registration with such products of different holidays is a real choice of those who are beautifully dealing in a good mood!

Exclusive balls

For those who wish to convey any message or make advertising, products will be useful with the pattern printed according to your sketch. The cost of such products is small, but causes a strong reaction and response. Printing on the balls is a great opportunity to make your business recognizable, and the holiday is unforgettable.

Balloons with a branded logo can be called a wonderful souvenir for advertising actions.

Registration of street events

Today this service is widely demanded. All people on the street seen decorated with balls, registration of some exhibition or designation of the venue. For such purposes, the decor receptions are mainly used:

• garlands;
• big figures of famous characters;
• air-rubber forms of different colors and figures.

At the end of the celebration, such bundles are always dissolved, and the air products smoothly pick up a light breeze.

Y. Boyko, head of the Russian aeronautic society department.

Science and life // illustration

Charliner of the middle of the last century practically did not differ from what is applied today.

Snake Aerostat.

Soviet aerostat scout.

So now fill the Mongolfier hot air.

Collection of seeds from trees.

Aerostate-crane on the forest routing.

Construction of dam with a balloon.

Scheme of modern Mongolfier.

So looks from above the shell and her dome ring.

The airplane in our time is becoming more and more massive: thousands of brightly colored balls float over all continents, and even the north and southern poles are conquered by the airborne travelers. For them, finally, there was a relatively cheap, unpretentious and easy to control the aircraft, the journey on which there is no comparable sense of flight.

For the first time, as it is considered, the aerostat appeared on June 5, 1783. On this day, in the French town of Vodon-Lez-Adonna, a few south of Lyon, the so-called Mongolfier rose into the air - a ball filled with a hot smoke ball and linen canvas. He was made by Brothers Joseph and Etienne Mongolfier - paper masters, which, on the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating such a ball, observed the observation of the paper burned on the fire and flying into the sky by the burnt blocks.

There are, however, are not too reliable information and about much earlier flights of balloons. For example, the fact that was raised in Beijing in 1306 during the entry ceremony of the Emperor Fo Kieen. Or on where the Portuguese monk Bartolomeo de Commao flew in 1709. But still the official birthday of the Aerostat is considered June 5, 1783.

And after two and a half months in Paris, on a Mars, the field was raised into the air and the first Charliner - a bowl filled with light gas. He received its name named French Professor Physics Jacques Charles, who found a way to fill the ball with hydrogen. Charliner turned out to be much more effective than Mongolfier and much more dangerous, since hydrogen is 15 times easier than air, but extremely explosive. Therefore, afterwards - after the opening of helium, Charles began to fill them.

The first balloons were unmanned, but in November of the same 1783 in Mongolfierre, people were for the first time - Marquis Duarland and Pilatr de Rayly, stood in the basket attached to the bottom of the shell. In the center of her there was a brazier, which delivered hot air inside the shell, and the basket itself and the shell were impregnated with a special fireproof.

Next to the next decade - during the Great French Revolution - balloons began their military career, actively continued in the XIX century. In the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, for example, there was a permanent connection with the paris surrounded by Germans with their help. For 4 months on 65 aerostats, 150 passengers and 16,675 kilograms of letters and dispatch of more than 3 million were transported.

In 1869, a regular commission for the use of aeronautics to military targets was organized in Russia, and since 1870, in the Ust-Izhora sapper camp, there were observations from the balloons for the movements of troops and adjust the artillery shooting. In a number of countries, people engaged in aeronautics are professionally.

In the designs of free gas aerostats, the experience of many thousands of flights gradually took into account. Materials of the shells were lighter and durable, and they were impregnated with the compositions that minimize the leakage of the carrier gas. Talexew is more reliable and convenient: cables, slings and other equipment. The modern aerostat for free flights is almost no different from what flew a half century ago (drawing at the top).

Its made of silk shell was equipped with a valve for the release of gas, and at the bottom - the process, Appendix, who also freely communicated with the atmosphere. The gas valve opened with the cord of the cord from him. There was also another cord - from the discontinuous closer to which the Aeronaut used for the rapid release of gas during landing.

The shell was covered with a network of silk cord associated with loops. Book the number of loops gradually decreased, and they went with a ball with separate descents, which were then tied to a suspended ring from a tree or a metal tube. The slings of the gondola, anchor and ballast rope - Gaidrop and ballast rope were clogged. Manipulating them, as well as a gas valve and ballast, experienced airons committed long flights.

But the loose-raised free airport turned out to be very unstable. Already at the wind more than 10 meters per second, the observer in the gondola and could not fulfill its functions at all. To keep the aerostat, very durable ropes were required and the most fortified places of their accession to the shell, and this additional weight reduced his lift force. To increase the stability of binding balloons in windy weather, they began to give them an extended shape and equip them with a plumage, and control them - with the help of ropes going to ground winches.

These aerostats were found in military business: they were successfully used in Napoleon's army - for lifting observers, and later - in the civil war of 1861-1865 in the United States - for exploration and adjusting artillery fire. In those years, the design of a refrigerated snake aerostat was obtained in those years, which, like an air snake, steadily ferry in the air due to the interaction of the wind speed with the shell. Its inner volume is divided by a diaphragm for two compartments: a gas capacity and the so-called "air balloon", which is communicated with the surrounding atmosphere and is filled with windthord.

Such aerostats were successfully used as first world War - for the exploration and adjustment of fire artillery, and in the second world - as a balloon aokers. Military use of balloons continued in the years of the Cold War. Asian aerostats were unorded crossed the border in the thickness of the clouds, it was almost impossible to move them to the locators. And if they were even able to detect them, it was also not easy to knock down: with a large volume of gas, the holes do not lead to fast leakage.

For the connection of immersed submarines in the USSR and the United States, aeright antenna systems of long-distance communications were developed.

But in peaceful life, the aerostats are used quite wide. Stratostates, for example, have considerable help to astronomers, raising telescopes to such big heightswhere the transparency of the atmosphere is almost perfect. The first such ascents carried out Americans in 1957, when the stratostat of 85,000 cubic meters raised the stratoscope-1 telescope to a height of 24 kilometers. In the future, such ascents were carried out with us.

Known in the history of aeronautics and cases of launching of cosmic aerostats. In 1960, in the United States, a satellite-aerostat of communication "Echo-1" was launched with the help-carrier missile. It made of polyester film and covered on both sides by aluminum foil shell was located during the launch in the container in the rolled form. Inside it was 20 kilograms of self-sparing acetamide powder. After disclosure of the container and heating by sunlight, it turned into gas and filled the shell. At an altitude of 1680 kilometers, the satellite-aerostat "Echo-1" existed for 9 years and was used as a radio reproducer. A similar satellite-aerostat "Echo-2" existed at an altitude of 1030-1310 kilometers about 15 years. Both of these satellites can be called stratostatites - they were located in the topmost layers of the atmosphere. Strathostats and other space needs are used: for testing space instruments and hermetic cabins, to study cosmic radiation, for the study of jet flows at large altitudes.

And the binding balloons are widely used for the most peaceful purposes: for the wood trips, unloading of vessels, as aerostat cranes on the construction of dams, dam, when developing quarries, especially deep. It is convenient to use small aerostats and for collecting seeds from elite trees or cedar cones.

In the late 1970s, an aeritive tropopausal wind power station (TVEC) was designed in the Kiev Public CB of Airplane. At an altitude of 8000-10000 meters, where the tropopause is located (the boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere), there are constant wind streams at a speed of 70-100 meters per second. The concentration of wind energy at these heights is 20-25 times higher than that of the earth's surface. Kiev designers proposed to be installed on a binded aerostat with a fiberglass shell of the windywell and electric generators, and the resulting energy to transfer to the land cable to the ground. The estimated power of such a wind station was supposed to be 1,500 kW, and the annual production is about 10 million kW. h. The project was not implemented.

The last one and a half decades are marked by the flourishing of sports airplane. In addition to the simplicity of control and comparative cheapness, the balloon is distinguished by relative compactness: in the assembled form, its shell together with the basket is easily fit in the trailer of the passenger car. Helium for sports flights is too expensive: each of its cubic meter costs about 50 rubles, and is required to fill the shell of at least 1000 cubic meters. And since gas after planting has to be released into the atmosphere, only unique flights are performed on helium balloons - record and scientific - duration of a few days. For traveling and ordinary sports flights, as a rule, Mongolfier is used, the diagram of which is shown in the figure at the top.

The shell has in the upper part the so-called parachute valve. It opens with the help of a control cord, the end of which is omitted to Gondola. The gondola herself, like two centuries ago, is made from IV rods or cane, which have good shock absorbing properties and withstand blows with a rough landing.

The load from the mass of the gondola and its contents is transmitted to the shell tissue-powered vertical and horizontal power tapes. They, as well as the shell itself, are now made from light and durable synthetic materials. The shell fabric is treated so that it becomes airtight, sustainable solar radiation and non-combustible. The lower part of the shell is the so-called skirt - performed from fire-resistant polymer tissues that can withstand temperatures up to 500 degrees, the air temperature in the shell is usually equal to 90-100 degrees Celsius. It is supported using one or two burners connected by hoses with gas cylinders, and the fuel is a liquid propane, butane or mixture thereof. Liquid gas enters the pipe immersed in it due to the pressure of saturated vapors and, passing along the hose and through the fire valve controlled by the pilot, falls into the evaporator. Here it turns into steam and, mixing with air, burns in nozzles. The power of the burner can reach two million kilocalories per hour. The duty burner is burning with a weak flame constantly - so that the nozzles can be lit from it.

A gas cylinder usually accommodates about 35 kilograms of propane, this is enough for 45-60 minutes of the flight of Mongolfier. Each balloon is equipped with a safety valve and a pressure gauge. When in one cylinder gas ends, the pilot switches to another cylinder. In addition to burners and cylinders in the gondola, altimeter is installed, variometer (vertical velocity meter), air temperature sensor in the shell, radio station, fire extinguisher and first aid kit.

The specific lifting force of hot air at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius is 0.278 kilograms per cubic meter. This means that a bowl of 1,500-,000 cubic meters can lift half-thin, that is, three to four people and three are four cylinders with propane. With the increasing volume of the ball, the lifting force increases, of course. In 1988, Mongolfier of 24,000 cubic meters was raised in Holland in Holland, its 50 passengers were placed in a comfortable two-layer basket.

On Mongolfier, unique flights were made: a flight across the Atlantic Ocean, a rise to a height of 18,000 meters is preparing globe For two weeks.

The aerostat is an aircraft, it must have a certificate of registration and evidence of the shelf life, which is issued immediately after the manufacture and is extended by the Commission after a decrease in a certain amount of hours. The pilots of the balloons are trained in aeronautical schools and after passing the theoretical course and flights - first with the instructor, and then independent - they receive appropriate documents. Every year they pass a medical examination and verification of theoretical knowledge.

Each flight is carefully prepared. A route is being developed that should not be held in areas of airports, military facilities, etc. To the air supervision bodies, all flight data is reported - date, start place, height and goal of the flight. After receiving the flight permit, the meteorological station is studied: it is important to know not only the strength and direction of the wind, but also the air temperature, the height of the cloudiness, types of precipitation. All this allows you to plan flight and ensure its safety.

The development of aeronautics in our country is actively promoted by the Russian aeronautical society, founded in 1880, which issues today airborne literature, organizing exhibitions and sports competitions.

The World Foundation Foundation is conducting alternating world championships: in even years - for Mongolfiers, in odd - for gas balloons. In our country, the alarm federation was organized in 1990 and since then has conducted a number of all-Russian and international competitions. Her members participate in world and European championships.

It is perhaps, perhaps, to add that for residents of many countries, and for some times, advertising balloons, which bearing on their boards or emblems of advertisers, sometimes highlighted from the inside, equipped with sounding installations, were already familiar with the inside That fun figures. Increasingly, urban holidays are not bypassed without these elegant and important aircraft floating in the air.

Despite its relative conservatism, the aerostat technique is constantly improving and finding air balloons and new applications. The development of domestic designers from the aeronautical center "Avgur", the Aeronatz, Aeroecology PC, Aero-Hypnefo, Ural-Jick and others are also promoted.

See in the room on the same topic.

Balloons are products made of thin, specially treated latex. When an air balloon is infused with air, or the wall helium is stretched and becoming very thin, so you need to contact the finished products from the balls.

Most often we use round balls with helium, or air. Therefore, they hang on the ceiling, or lie on the floor. Immediately after inflation, they are subject to aggressive exposure to the external environment. To the factors for which it is very difficult to influence:

Sunlight, under its action, the ball wall is oxidized and destroyed, the stronger the sun shines, the faster the process is underway;

High ambient temperature, under its action, the gas inside the ball is heated, which leads to the activation of the movement of its molecules, with the result that these molecules faster seep through the walls of the ball into the environment and the ball loses the ability to fly;

High humidity has a negative effect on the polymer glue, applied to the inner surface of the ball, it simply does not dry and does not prevent the helium output into the surrounding space;

Thunderstorm, in such weather, the processes of the ball oxidation are repeatedly accelerated.

Negative factors for which can be affected include:

Suspended ceilings, which, speaking by the Russian language, are made of compressed glass gambles, sharp particles that destroy the ball may remain on their surface when contacting them;

Strong wind, in which the balls will rub each other and in some cases they can burst;

Dust, raised by the wind with the nearest construction, roads, or sandbox acts on the ball as sandpaper, rubbing it;

Contact with any sharp and hot objects;

Transporting balls in the dusty luggage compartment.

When operating the balls, these factors must be taken into account, and therefore:

1. Avoid straight sunlight falling on the balls.
2. Do not use balls in hot weather, or hot rooms.
3. To ensure maximum flight time, do not use balls in rooms with high humidity.
4. In the storm, thunderstorm and with strong gusts of the wind, do not take balls on the street.
5. Transport and transfer balls gently.

In addition to round balls, there are various compositions from the balls. In professional execution, they are made without the use of glue. This allows you to give the figures additional strength and use them not only as a decoration, but also as a toy for children. Such products affect all the same factors as on round balls. But, when used as a toy, you can face a number of problems:

When operating such toys, they can burst, frightening adults, or children, having lost its freight look, or simply spoiled;

In the explosion, the balls are scattered into small pieces, which can lead to injury as a child and an adult;

On products from the balls can be applied, or drawings made by permanent markers, which can paint hands, face, or clothing;

Some elements made from the balls are very small, the child can tear them off from the product and swallow.

It turns out that not only environment It can affect negatively effect on the balls, leading to the loss of their commodity type, reducing the flight time, but also the balls themselves require a negative impact on the person who uses these balls. When ordering balloons, it is necessary to take into account.

Age: 13 years

Place of study: MBOU SOSH with. Raimanovo

City, Region: Tuymazy City, Region 102, Republic of Bashkortostan.

Head (Gazizullina Angela Fanilievna, School with. Raimanovo.)

Historical and research work " Balloons: Science, Sports, Tourism, Entertainment ...

I think about him, about the blue sky. About clean and light, without a single cloud. I admire them, peaceful blue sky, itifies calmness and serenity.

I started my work from these words. Because a person always pulled into the sky. Dazho in ancient times a person sought him to him, and now a person has achieved his goal.

Well, balloons and became the first in the sky.

Relevance This work is that the practical capabilities of balloons have long been found very widespread use in various industries. For example, in tourism, sports and various attractions, as well as for military purposes and scientific meteorological observations.

Purpose of work: Comprehensively, in various aspects, consider the use of a balloon as the simplest aircraft, as well as to make a miniature acting model.

The following tasks are delivered in this work:

1. Examine literature on the topic.

2. To study the features of the design of the balloon.

3. Explore the principle of the air balloon flight.

The following methods were used in the work:

1. Retrospective study of literary sources.

2. Perform the simplest aerodynamic calculations.

3. Production and experienced launches of the balloon in miniature followed by finishing and adjustment.

Object research Steel balloons of various types and structures.

Subject of study - Use balloons in various industries.

ChapterI.. Balloon and aeronautics

I..one. The history of the development of balloons

The flights on the balloon were colorfully described by Jules Verne in his fantastic stories. Many of his proposals have become better, entered our lives and turned into an ordinary reality.

The balloon, or rather, the balloon, was the first aircraft that allowed the person to break away from the ground. The principle of operation of the balloon is based on the law of Archimedes, and the lifting force of the aircraft is created due to the difference in air and gas density, filling the shell. Lightweight and less dense gas tends to up to an area of \u200b\u200bequal densities, fascinating the entire aircraft.

The word "aerostat" is made up of the Greek words "Aero" and "Statos", which means "air" and "fixed". This term is applied as the official scientific, technical and professional. In the Russian language, the phrase "balloon" was firmly rooted, which also has the right to exist. However, the name "balloon" belongs to both a rubber toy, a descendant of an ancient bubble, sometimes filled with ordinary air, not having lifting force. Therefore, in relation to the aircraft, the word "Aerostat" is most acceptable.

For technical solution, the aerostats are divided into two main types - gas-filled and thermal.

The gas-filled balloons invented French Professor Jacques-Alexander-Cesar Charles. The first unmanned flight Aerostat Charles committed on August 28, 1783. The first piloted free flight on a gas-filled balloon took place on December 1, 1783, the pilots were Professor Charles and Mechanic Robert. In honor of the inventor, gas-filled balls for some time called Charlesters. The shell of the gas-filled aerostat was filled with hydrogen, sometimes cheaper methane. Now the helium is used for this type of aerostat.

Otherwise, the thermal aerostat is arranged, whose inventors are French manufacturers Brothers Joseph and Etienne Mongolfier. These aerostats in honor of the inventors are called Mongolifiers. Mongolphiers the shell is filled with hot air or a steady mixture. To maintain high air temperature inside the Mongolfier shell, equipped with burners operating most often on natural gas.

Having carried away the natural sciences, the Mongolfier brothers on June 5, 1783 raised the first unmanned thermal aerostat into the sky. On September 19 of the same year, they were lifted to the Mongolfier Animals. A ram, duck and cock rose to the height of about half a kilometer. The flight was successful, the ability to safely stay in the sky was proved. The first person who made a flight in a balloon was Jean-Frankos. This happened on October 15, 1783 and became the beginning of the era of the aid.

Preparation of the piloted flight demanded from the Mongolfier brothers to equip her ball with a furnace. So far, experiments, Etienne Mongolfier and the young physicist Pilatr de Raytea, were lifted at the Mongolfierye. On November 21, 1783, the first free piloted flight of the aerostat took place. On board were Pilatr de Roste and Marquis D 'Arland. Pilots regulated the air temperature in the shell, throwing the straw in the furnace. The flight lasted about twenty minutes and walked safely. Thus, the priority in the invention of the piloted balloon belongs to the brothers Etienne and Joseph Mongolfier.

The design of the balloon has changed little since its invention to the present. The balloon almost always has a spherical or pear shape. A balloon sheath is a huge bag of fabric coated with rubber providing elasticity and its tightness. Until the mid-19th century, balloons were not controlled. Rising into the air, the ball just drifted in the wind. Hot air cooled, leaning through the shell, the ball lost her height. The flight height regulation was carried out by reset ballast (sand bags) loaded before starting the flight to the gondola or air release through the valve. Attempts were made by the device of adjustable sails, but this success did not bring.

During the period of the Franco-Prussian conflict in 1870-71. 65 balloons were used to transfer passengers and cargo from a precipitated Paris. In 1875, attempts were made to cross the strait of La Mans in a balloon. However, this event had doubtful success. Pilots were forced to throw away all equipment, equipment and even clothing from the gondola. At the beginning of the 20th century, the air balloons began to use for scientific purposes when studying the stratosphere, and in 1901 the first high-rise lift was performed.

I..2. Application of balloons

Modern aerostats are balloons that rise up due to heated air. Their shell is made of synthetic material with a special coating, which provides an airtight effect. The aerostat is also equipped with a burner block that work on propane and butane. In addition, the air balloon is equipped with barometric devices, as well as a fan for preliminary entry into the cold air shell.

For all the time of its existence, balloons were used and still used for various military and scientific purposes, for sports, tourism and entertainment.

• The binding balls for military purposes are divided into serfs and fields; Those and others differ only in size and serve to inspect the location of their and enemy troops, their location and movements. Sometimes they serve to adjust artillery firing. Such balls are supplied with phones whose conductors are in connection with the headquarters of the main bosses. Cutting ropes are attached to the ball of the trapezoid, as can be seen in the drawing, which causes the vertical position of the basket with any bias of the ball and does not allow the rotation of the basket.
• The binding balls for meteorological and photographic purposes are introduced recently in different states and serve meteorologists with high items for scientific observations. These balls have a small container and raise some record meteorological instruments.
• The binding balls for the lifts of the public recently serve will certainly afford all the big exhibition and are made of commonly significant volume, not less than 8000 cubic meters. M. Today, the balloning is a unique and profitable industry of the enterprise system and a unique, attracting the attention of all the attraction method without exception. Skating on balloons - Elite entertainment for wealthy tourists. Since this case, it usually has a purely commercial lining, then often entrepreneurs to reduce the cost of their company are building balls from materials not very high quality, why and raise the public only in exclusively good weather, fearing for the purpose of your balloon and especially for expensive gas (usually hydrogen). Almost all exhibitions cumshots ended up. That is why it should not be allowed to operate exhibition balls for longer than six months, considering the content of them in the filled form. The ball, which heard this period, no longer represents security guarantees.
• Glowing signal balls represent small charles made of transparent mild matter. Such a ball is calculated on the rise of the electric two-cable cable and multiple lamps. Below is a dynamo machine with an engine or a battery made of electroplating elements or electrical batteries assigned to power lamps; There is also a special switch in the genus of the telegraph key of the Morse for closing and opening the current and signal signals. The lamps are suspended or inside the ball, then the whole ball glows, or hang under the ball. Sometimes lights lamps are made multicolored. The height of the lift usually does not exceed 200 m.
• Trial balloons are small balls, no more than one meter of tank, usually from the prolakated paper filled with gas. Serve to determine the direction of wind and are started before the flight. Created color and supplied with paper ribbons. For meteorological purposes to such a ball, a black tape of a certain length with designated transverse, significantly extended ends is tested. Knowing the length of the tape, judge on the removal of the balloon, is measured at the same time the angles composed with the horizon, the help of the theodolite and the direction of the compass, easily remove the direction and speed of the movement of air flows at different heights.
• Aeronautics How sport began to develop at the end of the 19th century. The design of balloons was improved. Gradually began to install land records and heights. The development of other aircraft left the aerostats of the privilege of an athlete

ChapterII.Construction of a balloonII..one. Calculations of the miniature ball modelThe widespread use of light plastic packets, gas lighters and stearin candles makes it necessary to hope for the possibility of flying the air balloon at home. Theoretically substantiate such an opportunity in a state even a student of an average educational school, which began to study the conditions for swimming bodies from the course of physics. As already noted in the first chapter, the principle of the aerostat is based on the law of Archimedes. Measurements showed that the delayed lifting force μ of the hot airflow at 100 ° C is 0.278 kg / m. This means that at the temperature of the atmosphere 0 ° C one cubic meter of air heated to 100 ° C, is able to raise the cargo weighing 278.

Denote by the volume of the ball V , density of cold air room P.1 and heated air in the bowl of the ball P.2. The force of the Archimedes acting on the ball is equal to the weight of the cold air displaced F 1 \u003d P 1 GV, and the power of gravity acting on the heated air in the ball is equal to f 2 \u003d p 2 gv. Then the lifting power of the ball is

f \u003d F 1 -F 2 \u003d (P 1 -P 2) GV (1)

In our disposal, there is a thin polyethylene package of 30x40 cm. EU is whether such a package is filled with air, then the body will be able to replace the parallepiped with a 15x15 cm base and youtho-cell is about 40 cm. equal to 0.009 cubic meters, or 9 liters. According to table data, dry air density at normal pressure and temperature 20 ° C is 1.205 kg / m, and at 100 ° C is 0.946 kg / m. Substituting these values \u200b\u200bin Form-Mulu (1), we obtain that the lifting force of the projected balloon can reach the value of 2.28 10 N. This means that the ball will be able to raise the cargo (counting and its dish) weighing 0.0233 kg ( 23 g)

It is possible to check the calculated calculation if you use the above-mentioned value of the specific lifting force of hot air: the ball with a volume of 9 l, the air in which heated to 100 ° C, will be able to raise the load mass M \u003d μV \u003d 0.0255kg. This is good agreement with the value obtained above, especially if we consider that our RES is carried out for the temperature difference not 100 ° C, and 80 ° C.

So that the air balloon is flying up, the strength of gravity, the action of the ball on the shell and the other elements should be less than the power of Archimedes.

Mongolfier flies because the density of heated air inside the ball is less than the cold outside.

To understand why the density of air depends on its temperature, you need to remember the gas and laws.

According to the Gay-Loussa law, the volume of V of this mass M of the gas at a constant pressure is directly proportional to its absolute temperature Ture T:

It follows that the density of the gas P \u003d M / V with a constant pressure is inversely proportional to the abso-lennoy temperature: PT \u003d const. Then for two different temperature values \u200b\u200bT 1 and T 2, the ratio of the corresponding densities P 1 and P 2 is:

P 1 / P 2 \u003d T 2 / T 1 (3)

Changing the gas density can be written in the form:

Δp \u003d p 1 -p 2 \u003d p 1 (1-P 2 / P 1)

Considering the relation (3), hence we obtain that the change in the density of the gas when it is heated from the temperature T 1 to T 2 \u003d T 1 + ΔT

Δp \u003d p 1 (1-T 1 / T 2) \u003d p 1 * Δt / t 2 (4)

So air volume v , on-grate to temperature T 2, with the temperature of the ambient air T 1 according to the Archimedes Act (1) in co-standing lift the cargo mass

m \u003d Δp * v \u003d p 1 * Δt / t 2 * V (5)

Substitution in the last form-torment values \u200b\u200bp 1 \u003d 1.205 kg / m, v = 0.009m 3 t 2 \u003d 373 K and ΔT \u003d 80 k gives the value m = 0.0233kg, which is quite consistent with the estimate obtained above.

The balloon, in contrast, is an example, from airship, from below from-indoor. This hole is absolutely not, otherwise big heightwhere the external air pressure of Ma Lo, the internal pressure will ruin the shell of the ball.

In the case of airship, the lifting force of the Archimedes is due, very clearly, the pressure difference on the top nude and the lower surfaces. And at the expense of the lifting power of the balloon?

It is not difficult to figure out that in the Warm Bowl or Aerostate Pod-Flood Power arises due to the different pressure of pressure from the outside and from the inside to the same sections of its shell. Near the lower hole of the Aerosta, this pressure difference is zero, since the internal volume of aero-statistics is freely reported with the atmosphere. In the upper part of the shell, the specified pressure difference reaches maximum [Appendix 1].

Balloons in tourism and in entertainment, used in different ways to see different from the sky architectural facilitiesWell, some to just have fun to gain emotions.

Balloons are great.

Site balloons

This courtyard in France is filled with pink balloons, which act as roof. When the guests go into a fancy courtyard at De Griffy Hotel in France, they immediately have a sense of entry into an alternative reality, filled with hundreds of pink balloons. Some balloons are scattered between herbaceous floor, but most of them are packed in a hanging grid, which is suspended above the whole yard.

The network allows these pink balls to imitate the roof of the yard. As the natural light leaks through the balloons, the whole space covers a soft magic shade of pink. The courtyard was inspired by the blooming cherries and was designed by Margot Rod, Michael Martin and Benoita tastette. Initially, simple latex balls were used without pictures, which are also presented in the directory at https://www.mfpoisk.ru/catalog/lateksnye_vozdushnye_shary_bez_risunka/. Then these balls were painted in the desired shade and embedded in the installation.

Hundreds of pink and white balloons were collected in a single composition to revive a peculiar fairytale scene. Installation called "Tenth Spring" allows visitors to relax and enjoy the surrealistic moment of pure bliss.

Dermer graduated from the University with a degree in studio art, but then became a veterinary specialist. By combining her passion for art and love for animals, she created the cover reflecting these interests. She studied a lot of specialized magazines to convey their art in the form of balloons and photographs. Sarah exceeds the essence of real beings through textural balloons, fully allowing them to express their cartoon characteristics.