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Questions. Activities of Belarus in the United Nations Vietnam is carefully preparing for the election campaign

  • 17.10.2023

The work consists of two options, the work time is 10 minutes. It can be used during a survey of students.

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1 option

Option 2

1.When did the world community assess the danger of the spread of drug addiction among planet Earth?

2.What measures have been taken in Russia in recent years to combat drug addiction?

3. How do drug dealers primarily organize successful sales of their goods?

4.What role is given to individual prevention for the formation of a negative attitude towards drug use?

5.Why is the life expectancy of a drug addict so short?

1.What contribution has the UN made to the fight against drug addiction?

2.What punishment for inducing the use of narcotic and psychotropic substances is provided for in the Criminal Code.

3.How is drug trafficking organized in the modern world?

4.What techniques do drug dealers use to attract children to use drugs?

5.The Law “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” was adopted by the State Duma of the Russian Federation in ________.

Test work on the topic “Drugism”

Preview:

1 option

Option 2

1. Terrorism is an ideology violence _ and practice _ impact _to make decisions by public authorities related to _ intimidation _ of the population.

1. Explosives and various explosive devices

2. Poisonous hazardous chemicals and chemical substances

3. Nuclear waste and materials thinking

4. Ammunition and mines

Fill out the points!

3.Complete the phrase: “ Terrorism carried out by criminal elements or criminal groups in order to achieve certain concessions from the authorities, to intimidate the authorities and the population - is called ___ criminal_ ________

4. Terrorism based on interethnic conflicts is called ___nationalistic __________.

__ psychological______________ terrorism.

Day month Year

For example in, a, d...);:

(B,A,D,B)

A) FSB of Russia-

B) Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia-

B) SVR of Russia-

D) Federal Tax Service of Russia -

D) FSO of Russia-

E) FPS of Russia-

G) Russian Armed Forces-

H) Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia-

9. Capturing or holding a person as a hostage, committed for the purpose of forcing the state, organization or citizen to perform any action as a condition for the release of the hostage, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of __8___ to _12___ years.

b.illegal trafficking and sale of narcotic substances;

Remove the excess!

2.Complete the phrase: “ Terrorism, having the goal of gaining political power in the country and directed against the currently existing political power in the country is called __ political___________.

3. Committing contract killings in relation to various types of enterprises

maters, economic and financial disputes arising from competition are called __economic terrorism __.

4. Terrorism using the latest communication technologies is called _ virtual_ _

Or computer terrorism.

5. Terrorism directed not only against citizens or organizations, but also against the entire state is called international _ terrorism.

Happened on __1___ ____September_ 2004_.

Day month Year

About counteraction _ _ _ terrorism _"

shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of ____ 4 _ to __ 10 ____ years.

Tests on life safety, grade 9. Theme "Terrorism"

1 option

Option 2

1. Terrorism is an ideology _ and practice

____________ to make decisions by public authorities related to ________ population.

2. In order to achieve maximum destructive effect on people and various objects, terrorists can use as weapons:

Fill out the points!

3.Complete the phrase: “ Terrorism carried out by criminal elements or criminal groups in order to achieve certain concessions from the authorities, to intimidate the authorities and the population - is called ____ ________

4. Terrorism based on interethnic conflicts is called _____________.

5. Terrorism that uses the media for its own purposes is called

Terrorism.

6.Arab suicide air attack on the World Trade Center

Was carried out ____ __ _______ years.

Day month Year

7. Compose a phrase from fragments (represent the answer as a sequence of letters,

For example in, a, d...);:

A)..designed for a certain psychological effect... b)..to create a feeling of omnipotence in society

terrorists, the defenselessness of every person and the powerlessness of the authorities.

c)…any terrorist acts other than causing

Direct harm to the victim...

D) ....sow fear, provoke a threat to a wide range of people,

Those. terrorize them, cause public outcry...

8. Decipher the abbreviations: “Currently, the fight against terrorism in the Russian Federation is carried out by:

A) FSB of Russia-

B) Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia-

B) SVR of Russia-

D) Federal Tax Service of Russia -

D) FSO of Russia-

E) FPS of Russia-

G) Russian Armed Forces-

H) Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia-

9. Capturing or holding a person as a hostage, committed for the purpose of forcing the state, organization or citizen to perform any action as a condition for the release of the hostage, is punishable by imprisonment for a term of ____ to ____ years.

10.Give 3 examples of behavior in the event of a shootout during the release of hostages.

1. Terrorist activity means: a. organization, planning, preparation, financing and implementation of a terrorist act

B. illegal trafficking and sale of narcotic substances;

B. recruitment, arming, training and use of terrorists;

D. unauthorized holding of rallies and demonstrations directed against a candidate for deputy of the State Duma;

D. taking hostages for the purpose of obtaining a ransom for their release;

E. hacking and penetration into the database of any government agencies;

Remove the excess!

2.Complete the phrase: “ Terrorism, having the goal of gaining political power in the country and directed against the currently existing political power in the country is called _ ___________.

3. Committing contract killings against various types of entrepreneurs, economic and financial disputes arising from competition are called __ ________ ___________ __.

4. Terrorism using the latest communication technologies is called ______________

Or _____________ terrorism.

5. Terrorism directed not only against citizens or organizations, but also against the entire state is called _ ________________terrorism.

6. Attack of Chechen militants on school No. 1 in Beslan and hostage taking,

Happened ____ _____ _ year.

Day month Year

7. Complete the phrase: “The main document regulating the fight against terrorism

In the Russian Federation there is a Federal Law “_ _______________________ _»

8. Committing an explosion, arson or other actions that frighten the population and create a danger of death in order to influence decision-making by authorities -

shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of _____ to ______ years.

9. Give 3 examples of behavior if you are taken hostage.

10.Give 3 examples of behavior in the event of a plane being hijacked by terrorists.

Preview:

Approach. The second approach relies on _________________ calculations based on available ______________ data.

A.Taking into account the wind rose in the area;

B.Taking into account the protective properties and other features of the area;

a.by type of hazard;

b.by methods of evacuation;

c. on the scale of evacuation;

g. by distance;

Find the error!

A. Accommodation;

B. Dispersal;

B. Disbandment;

G. Housing;

A. Emergency work;

B. Urgent work;

G. Well, VERY necessary work!;

D. Liquidation works;

A. Emergency work;

B. Emergency rescue operations;

B. Urgent work;

G. Well, VERY necessary work!;

D. Liquidation works;

Test work on the topic “Main activities carried out to protect the population from emergency situations in peacetime and wartime”

1 option

Option 2

1. Monitoring means a system of constant monitoring of__________,_________, occurring in _____________ and ______________, to anticipate increasing threats to humans and their environment.

3. In predicting hazardous natural processes, twoapproach. The first approach is based on ____________ precursors of specific catastrophic natural events and ____________ information obtained from monitoring networks.

. 5. An effective measure to protect the population from emergency situationsis ______________ placement of economic facilities and settlements on the territory of the country.

7. How should biologically hazardous facilities and their elements be constructed?:

A.Taking into account the wind rose in the area;

B.Taking into account the protective properties and other features of the area;

B. At a safe distance from rivers, reservoirs, the sea coast, underground aquifers and on the leeward side of residential areas;

D. So that a minimum number of social and economic facilities fall into the zone of possible catastrophic flooding;

9. The sounds of a siren, the beeps of industrial enterprises mean a signal «__________________ ________!»

11.What does general evacuation involve?

Answer: general evacuation involves ……………………

13. Dispersal is a set of activities for organized _____(______) from categorized cities and _____________ in the suburban area for ____________ and ____________ personnel of economic facilities whose production activities will continue in these cities during wartime.

15. Actions to save people, material and culturalvalues, protection of the natural environment in the emergency zone are:

A. Emergency work;

B. Emergency rescue operations;

B. Urgent work;

G. Well, VERY necessary work!;

D. Liquidation works;

2.Forecasting emergency situations is a proactive reflectionthe likelihood of _____________ and _____________ emergency situations based on an analysis of the causes of its occurrence, its source in the past and present.

4. In forecasting hazardous natural processes, twoapproach. The second approach is based on _________________ calculations based on available ______________ data

6.How should chemically hazardous facilities be constructed?:

A.Taking into account the wind rose in the area;

B.Taking into account the protective properties and other features of the area;

B. at a safe distance from rivers, reservoirs, the sea coast, underground aquifers and on the leeward side of residential areas;

D. So that a minimum number of social and economic facilities fall into the zone of possible catastrophic flooding;

8.In the Russian Federation there are _ federal, __ regional

and _ _ territorial warning systems.

10. All types of evacuation can be classified according to different criteria:

a.by type of hazard;

b.by methods of evacuation;

c. on the scale of evacuation;

g. by distance;

d.by duration;

e.by the start time of the event;

Find the error!

12.What does partial evacuation involve?

Answer: partial evacuation involves ……………………

14. A set of measures for organized removal and removal fromcategorized cities and placement in suburban areas for residence and recreation of personnel of economic facilities whose production activities will continue in these cities are:

A. Accommodation;

B. Dispersal;

B. Disbandment;

G. Housing;

16. Activities to comprehensively provide emergency rescue servicesworks, creating conditions minimally necessary to preserve the life and health of people, maintaining their ability to work - this is:

A. Emergency work;

B. Emergency rescue operations;

B. Urgent work;

G. Well, VERY necessary work!;

D. Liquidation works;

Answers:

Option 1.

3.study, analysis

5.rational

7. A

9. "Attention everyone!"

15.B

1 option

1.phenomena, processes, nature and technosphere

3.study, analysis

5.rational

7. A

9. "Attention everyone!"

11. removal (withdrawal) of all categories of the population from the emergency zone to a safe zone

13.export (withdrawal), accommodation, accommodation and recreation,

15.B

Option 2 .

2.emergence and development

4.mathematical, static

6.B

8.1,6,88

10.V.

12.if it is necessary to remove the disabled population from the emergency zone, preschool children, students

14.B

16.A

Preview:

1-Central Federal District

2-Southern Federal District
3-Northwestern Federal District

4-Far Eastern Federal District

5th Siberian Federal District
6th Ural Federal District
7-Volga Federal District
8-North Caucasus Federal District

Scope of activity of society and state

National interests of Russia

Threats to Russia's national security

Economic

In the economic sphere: consist of ensuring dynamically developing _____________ and ___________;

Internal political

In the domestic political sphere, these conditions are:

in preserving and strengthening the __k______________ system, institutions of state power;

in ensuring___g_________ peace and national ___с_______, territorial _______________, unity of legal space, law and order;

at the completion of the process of formation of d________________ society;

in neutralizing the causes and conditions conducive to the emergence of political and religious extremism, ethnic separatism and their consequences - __с____________, interethnic and __р____________ conflicts, terrorism.

Social

Spiritual

In the spiritual sphere:

in preserving the traditions of __p______ma__ and ________________, in strengthening the cultural and _________ potential of the country.

International

in the development of equal and mutually beneficial relations with all countries and integration associations, primarily with the participating states _ _ _ and traditional partners of Russia;

Information

Military

In the military sphere:

Border

Ecological

Protecting the population from emergencies, terrorism, and the dangers of war

Control questions

  1. What is the negative impact of the human factor on Russia's national security?
  2. Why is the issue of creating a common culture in the field of security among the Russian population now acute?
  3. Why is it generally accepted that a high level of culture in the field of life safety can provide a person with a prosperous life?
  4. Why does the behavior of each person have a certain influence on the national security of Russia?

1 option

Option 2
  1. What is meant by Russian national security?

in preserving and strengthening the _____________ system, institutions of state power;

in ensuring ____________ peace and national __________, territorial _______________, unity of legal space, law and order;

at the completion of the process of formation of ________________ society;

in neutralizing the causes and conditions contributing to the emergence of political and religious extremism, ethnic separatism and their consequences -______________, interethnic and ______________ conflicts, terrorism.

in strengthening ___________ values ​​of society;

in preserving the traditions of ______________ and _______________, in strengthening the cultural and _________ potential of the country.

  • ……………_ and ………….. emergencies of a natural, man-made and social nature;
  • ………….. population about emergency situations;
  • engineering protection ……… and ………. from emergencies;
  • ………….. and ……………… protection of the population;
  • …………….population;
  • organization of emergency rescue and other urgent work in the areas of …………. …………, life support for the population affected by emergency situations.

3 .Russia’s national interests in the economic sphere: are to ensure dynamically developing _____________ and ___________;

in ensuring high ________ ______ peoples of Russia.

In providing _______________;

in strengthening Russia's position as a great power - one of the influential centers of a multipolar world;

in the development of ___________ and _____________ relations with all countries and integration associations, primarily with the participating states _ _ _ and traditional partners of Russia;

in the universal observance of _____ and _________ of a person and the inadmissibility of the application of double standards.

5 .In the military sphere. Russia's national interests consist of:

in protecting its ________________, sovereignty, ______________ and _______________ integrity;

in preventing military aggression against Russia and its allies;

in ensuring conditions for the peaceful democratic development of the state.

1 option

  1. option

1.What is meant by Russian national security?

1. The national security of the Russian Federation means the security of its multinational people as the bearer of sovereignty and the only source of power in the Russian Federation.

2 .What do the interests of the individual represent in the general content of the national interests of Russia?

Personal interestsare determined by the ability of every citizen of Russia to realize their constitutional rights and freedoms in ensuring personal security, in improving the quality and standard of living.

3 .What do the interests of the state represent in the general content of Russia’s national interests?

Interests of the stateare determined by the inviolability of the constitutional system, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Russia, political and economic stability, ensuring the rule of law and maintaining law and order, and the development of mutually beneficial international cooperation.

4 .Russia’s national interests in the domestic political sphere consist of:

in maintaining and strengthening __constitutional___________building, institutions of state power;

in ensuring___ civil_ ________ peace and national __harmony________, territorial __ integrity _____________, unity of legal space, legal order;

at the completion of the process of becoming _____democratic ___________ society;

in neutralizing the causes and conditions contributing to the emergence of political and religious extremism, ethnic separatism and their consequences -__ social_ ___________, interethnic and __ religious ____________conflicts, terrorism.

5. Russia's national interests in the spiritual sphere consist of:

in strengthening _moral_ _________ values ​​of society;

in preserving the traditions of __patriotism____________ and __humanism_____________, in strengthening the cultural and __scientific_______ potential of the country.

6 . Ensuring the life safety of the population in emergency situations in peacetime and wartime means:

  • …Monitoring…………_ and forecasting………….. emergencies of a natural, man-made and social nature;
  • …Notifying……….. the population about emergency situations;
  • engineering protection of ...population......and...territories...... from emergencies;
  • …Radiation……….. and …chemical…………… protection of the population;
  • …evacuation………….of the population;
  • organization of emergency rescue and other urgent work in …emergency zones………. …………, life support for the population affected by emergency situations.

1 .What are Russia's national interests in general terms?

the most important component of Russia’s national interests is the protection of individuals, society and the state from terrorism, including international terrorism, as well as from natural and man-made emergencies and their consequences,and in time of war from dangers arising during the conduct of hostilities or as a result of these actions,as well as strengthening the role and responsibility of a person for his affairs and actions while observing security measures in all spheres of life, increasing the general culture in the field of security to reduce the negative impact of the human factor on the security of the individual, society and the state.

2 .What do the interests of society represent in the general content of Russia's national interests?

Interests of societyare ensured by the strengthening of democracy, the creation of a legal social state, and the spiritual renewal of Russia

3 .Russia’s national interests in the economic sphere: are to ensure dynamically developing __production___________ and __market_________;

in ensuring a high level of _______ ___life___ of the peoples of Russia.

4 .Russia’s national interests in the international sphere consist of:

In providing _s confidence ______________;

in strengthening Russia's position as a great power - one of the influential centers of a multipolar world;

in the development of ___ equal_ _______ and ___ mutually beneficial__________relations with all countries and integration associations, primarily with participating states _ CIS _ _ and traditional partners of Russia;

in universal observance _ rights_ ___ and ___ freedom_ _____ of a person and the inadmissibility of using double standards.

Option 1

Option 2

387. Find among the listed names of diseases those that are infectious: a) different types of influenza; b) myocardial infarction; c) hepatitis; d) osteochondrosis; e) pediculosis; f) cholera g) tetanus.

389.Name the main groups of infectious diseases (no more than four)

391.Give three examples of respiratory tract infections.

393.Give three examples of infections of the external integument.

395.Name the main periods of the course of an infectious disease.

397.Indicate possible incubation periods for different diseases.

399.Name the types of recovery based on the nature of restoration of body functions.

401. Give the names of four infectious diseases, for the prevention of which mandatory registration is carried out in our country.

403.Make a phrase from fragments (represent the answer as a sequence of letters, for example in, a, d...);:

a)…a person to diseases, including infectious ones…;

b)…when preventing diseases, a complex is carried out…;

c)…increasing the body’s immunity…;

d)…health activities that promote…

405.Complete the phrase; “The body’s immunity to infectious diseases due to its production of antibodies and phagocytosis is called ________”

409. The body’s ability to neutralize foreign and potentially dangerous biomaterial (microorganisms, transplant, toxins, tumor cells, cells infected with a virus) is called _______10_______ ________11________

411. Complete the phrase: “The body’s immunity to infectious diseases resulting from vaccination or a borne disease is called _______.”

388.Name the disease called “plague of the twentieth century” and indicate which diseases it belongs to in terms of epidemic potential.

390.Give three examples of intestinal infections.

392.Give three examples of infections of the circulatory system.

394.Indicate how a person’s susceptibility to infections depends on human lifestyle.

396. Complete the phrase: “The period of time from the moment of infection to the appearance of the first signs of an infectious disease is called _______ _______”

398.Indicate the approximate duration of the initial period of an infectious disease and the three most important signs.

400.Indicate the name of a set of measures that reduce the risk of certain diseases, including infectious ones.

402. Complete the phrase: “a set of measures aimed at reducing the risk of diseases, including infectious ones, helping to eliminate the causes of these diseases is called ___________.”

404.Name the main set of preventive measures against infectious diseases that are carried out by a specific person.

408. Name the types of immunities (4).

410. Give an example of innate immunity. (immunity..)

412.Give an example of acquired immunity.

414.Name the types of immunity based on the nature of its production by the body.

418.Name a synonym for the concept of “disinfection”.

420.Indicate what the concept of “disinfection in the broad sense” includes.

422. Complete the phrase: “The destruction of arthropods (insects, ticks) that are carriers of infectious diseases is called _______” (choose an answer):

A) disinfection itself; b) disinfestation; c) deratization

d) disinfection in a broad sense

413, Complete the phrase: “Acquired immunity ______ by inheritance.”

417.Name four groups of measures to prevent the spread of infection from its source.

421. Complete the phrase: “_____ is the destruction of rodents that are carriers of infectious diseases.”

419. Complete the phrase: “The destruction of pathogens of contagious (infectious) diseases is actually called ________.”

Answers to tests "Infectious diseases"

387. A)B)E)G)

388. AIDS, INFECTIOUS DISEASE.

389. Intestinal, blood, respiratory tract and external integument infections.

390. Typhoid fever, dysentery, botulism.

391. Influenza, diphtheria, tuberculosis.

392. Relapsing fever, tick-borne encephalitis, typhus

393. Viral hepatitis C, HIV infection, syphilis.

394.People who lead a healthy lifestyle are susceptible to I.B. less than those...

395. Incubation (latent) period of the main manifestations and the period of extinction of symptoms

Language of illness (recovery).

396. “____________ incubation period”

397.From several hours (food poisoning) to a year (rabies) and several years.

398.Several days; increased body temperature, headache, general weakness.

399.Complete and incomplete.

400.Prevention.

401. Cholera, HIV infection, hepatitis, tuberculosis (the answer may be different).

402. “_________ disease prevention”

403. b, d, c, a.

404. System of personal hygiene techniques.

405. "______________immunity"

408. Congenital, natural, artificial, acquired.

409. “___________innate immunity”

410. Human immunity to animal plague.

411. “_____________ acquired immunity”

412.The body’s immunity to smallpox after vaccination.

413. “___________is not transmitted by ____________”

414. Active, passive.

415.When transferring Inf. diseases and vaccines; for life, sometimes for several years.

416.Introduction of antibodies into the body; 3-4 weeks.

417. Disinfection, disinsection, deratization, quarantine.

418.Disinfection.

419. “_______________ by disinfection itself”

420.Destruction of infectious agents, destruction of insect carriers

infections (disinsection) and destruction of rodents, carriers of infections (deratization)

421. “____________deratization”

422. b.

423.Preventive, current, final

424.Mechanical, physical, chemical, biological.



“Life without drugs” - Drug renders: The judge pronounces a sentence on drugs. Why do teenagers use drugs? Bad habit. Hooliganism Theft Robbery Murder Manufacturing, storage and sale of drugs. Disease. Legal: Crime. What is drug addiction? Give the strongest argument for quitting the drug.

“Youth against drugs” - 1. Relevance of the project. Charity concerts of Russian pop celebrities: Lyube, Fabrika, Serebro, Mirage. In order to preserve the gene pool of the nation, preserve the physical and psychological health of young people. Staffing. -And attract young people to the relevance of the problem of drug addiction prevention.

“Drugs and Health” - Withdrawal is the name given to the pain that a person experiences. At what age are people most likely to try drugs? There are no elderly drug addicts. Health. Say “YES” TO HEALTH!!! Myth four. 1. "Poppy straw." “Try it, if you don’t like it, quit.” Sleeping pills and sedatives. Myth two. What is drug addiction?

“Substance abuse” - Mental dependence syndrome. Definition. . Syndrome of the consequences of chronic intoxication. special hospital At home, friends have a clinic. Psychopathization of the individual is obligatory, which is aggravated by the social conflict of the drug addict. is based on steadily advancing psychophysical and energy exhaustion.

“Drug addiction” - Problems arise. Stop using. Physical dependence. Addict. Starting to like it. Emotions. Use of many psychoactive substances. Amount of substance. Human. Consumption becomes the goal. Sociological survey. "High" schedule. Profound physiological changes. First experiments. Why do people drink alcohol?

“We are against drugs” - Articles on this issue. Books devoted to this problem. Types of drugs. Primary prevention. Prevention of drug addiction in adolescents. Cannabiols. Hallucinogens. Addiction. What is a "drug"? The main difficulty. This will never affect me. We are against drug addiction. Common signs of drug use and addiction.

There are 31 presentations in total

; By this day, the UN Charter had been ratified by the majority of signatory states and entered into force.

The United Nations (UN) is an international organization of states created to maintain and strengthen international peace, security, and develop cooperation between countries.

The name United Nations, proposed by United States President Franklin Roosevelt, was first used in the Declaration of the United Nations on January 1, 1942, when, during World War II, representatives of 26 states pledged on behalf of their governments to continue the joint struggle against the countries of the Nazi bloc.

The first contours of the UN were outlined at a conference in Washington at the Dumbarton Oaks mansion. In two series of meetings held from September 21 to October 7, 1944, the United States, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and China agreed on the purposes, structure, and functions of the world organization.

On February 11, 1945, after meetings in Yalta, the leaders of the United States, Great Britain and the USSR, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, declared their determination to establish “a universal international organization for the maintenance of peace and security.”

On April 25, 1945, representatives of 50 countries gathered in San Francisco (USA) at the United Nations Conference on the Establishment of an International Organization to develop the UN Charter.

Delegates from countries representing over 80% of the world's population gathered in San Francisco.

The Conference was attended by 850 delegates, and together with their advisers, delegation staff and the Conference secretariat, the total number of persons taking part in the work of the Conference reached 3500. In addition, there were over 2500 representatives of the press, radio and newsreels, as well as observers from various societies and organizations. The San Francisco Conference was not only one of the most important in history, but also, in all likelihood, the largest international gathering ever held.

On the agenda of the Conference were proposals developed by representatives of China, the Soviet Union, Great Britain and the United States at Dumbarton Oaks, on the basis of which the delegates were to develop a Charter acceptable to all states.

On June 25, 1945, the Charter of 111 articles was unanimously adopted. It was signed on June 26, 1945 by representatives of 50 countries. Poland, not represented at the Conference, signed it later and became the 51st founding state.

The preamble to the Charter speaks of the determination of the peoples of the United Nations to “save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”

In July 2011, it became the 193rd full member of the UN.

Main organs of the UN:

UN General Assembly (UNGA)- the main advisory body, consists of representatives of all UN member states (each of them has 1 vote).

UN Security Council operates constantly. According to the Charter, bears primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security. The Security Council plays a leading role in determining whether a threat to peace or an act of aggression exists. It encourages the parties to a dispute to settle it peacefully, and recommends methods of settlement or terms of settlement. In some cases, the Security Council may resort to sanctions or even authorize the use of force in order to maintain or restore international peace and security.

The Security Council consists of fifteen members of the Organization: five permanent members with veto power (China, Russia, Great Britain, the United States and France) and 10 non-permanent members who are elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term.

UN Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)- established by the UN Charter as the main body responsible for coordinating the economic, social and other relevant activities of the UN, as well as specialized agencies and organizations.

international Court- the main judicial body of the UN, established in 1945, resolves legal disputes between states with their consent and gives advisory opinions on legal issues.

UN Secretariat created to ensure proper operating conditions for the organization.

The Secretariat is headed by the chief administrative officer of the UN - the UN Secretary General.

Secretary General appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council. The current, eighth, Secretary General is Ban Ki-moon, who took up his duties on January 1, 2007.

The UN has a number of its own specialized agencies - international intergovernmental organizations on economic, social and humanitarian issues, linked to the UN through ECOSOC by international agreements: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Health Organization (WHO), Food and Agriculture Organization UN organization (FAO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), etc.

Most UN members are members of UN specialized agencies.

The UN common system also includes autonomous organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

The official languages ​​of the UN and its organizations are English, Arabic, Spanish, Chinese, Russian and French.

The UN headquarters is located in New York.

In its more than 60-year history, the United Nations, its specialized agencies and staff have been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize ten times. One of the institutions, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, has been awarded this prize twice (1954, 1981). The Norwegian Nobel Prize Committee has twice awarded this honor to UN Secretaries-General Dag Hammarskjöld (1961) and Kofi Annan (2001). In 2001, the award "For contribution to the creation of a more organized world and the strengthening of world peace" was awarded jointly to the organization and its Secretary General.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

At the beginning of the 20th century. drug addiction has spread its destructive influence over most peoples of the world. Its scope exceeded all the fears of doctors and the public, who understood the full force of the impending danger.

Historical facts

The world community, frightened by the rapid spread of drugs across the planet, began an active struggle to allow the use of drugs exclusively for medical purposes as painkillers.

The beginning of this struggle is considered to be the Shanghai Opium Commission (1909). This commission attempted to develop measures to prevent the illegal penetration of drugs from Asian regions into Europe and the United States.

In December 1911, the International Opium Conference took place in The Hague. During the conference, the first Drug Convention was prepared and adopted. For the first time, it identified the types of drugs whose use was placed under international control.

Representatives of the participating states assumed a number of commitments to strengthen the fight against drug abuse. It was especially noted that in all countries participating in this conference laws will be issued on the responsibility and punishment of persons for acts related to the illegal possession of drugs.

Since 1946, control over drugs (their production, distribution and consumption) came under the auspices of the UN.

In 1961, the UN International Conference was held in New York, at which the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs was adopted and the UN Narcotics Control Committee was created, endowed with broad organizational monitoring and analytical functions.

The 20th session of the UN General Assembly, which took place on June 8-10, 1998, was devoted to the fight against drug trafficking. 15 presidents and a number of prime ministers of various countries took part in its work.

In his speech at this session, the President of the French Republic, Jacques Chirac, emphasized that the spread of this evil (drug addiction) is occurring at an alarming rate, with drugs choosing their victims among young people. Once they have taken possession of the young, they lead them to death. The President noted that drug traffickers are becoming increasingly sophisticated, distributing drugs throughout the globe and penetrating all levels of society.

Drug addiction is a disease of the young. She knocks out the most capable people from normal life.

In Russia, as elsewhere in the world, young people predominate among drug users.

In the last ten to twelve years, the government of our country and various public organizations have taken certain measures, indicating that Russian society and the state have begun to realize that the danger of mass drug addiction among Russia's youth really exists.

In 1993, the country adopted for the first time Concept of state policy on drug control in the Russian Federation, which assessed drug addiction in Russia: “Drug abuse and illicit trafficking have acquired a global scale in the last decade and have a very serious impact on the socio-psychological atmosphere in society, negatively affecting the economy, politics and law and order.”

In June 1995, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Federal Target Program “Comprehensive Measures to Combat Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking for 1995-1997.”

In 1997, the State Duma of the Russian Federation adopted Law “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances”. This law came into force in early 1998.

On March 2, 1998, parliamentary hearings “On urgent measures to combat the spread of drug addiction in Russia” were held in the State Duma of the Russian Federation.

On September 17, 1998, the President of the Russian Federation signed the Order “On measures to strengthen the fight against illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and their abuse.”

On November 3, 1998, the Committee on Women, Family and Youth Affairs of the State Duma of the Russian Federation held parliamentary hearings “Drug addiction in Russia among children and youth.” A corresponding Decree of the President of the Russian Federation was issued.

Detention of smuggled drug cargo on the Tajik-Afghan border by Russian border guards from the Pyanj border detachment. Tajikistan, January 2003

The presidential decree and documents of parliamentary hearings identified specific measures to counter the spread of drugs and drug addiction, which ensured the practical implementation of the Federal Law “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” (1997).

This Federal Law established the legal basis for state policy in the field of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and in the field of combating their illicit trafficking in order to protect the health of citizens, state and public security. The law clearly prohibits the use of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances without a doctor’s prescription. The provisions of this law are extremely important for the fate of people living today and the national security of Russia. For the first time, the law provides a clear answer to the question: where do we want to live - in a drug-free society or in a drug-free society?

Let us note that no law by itself will completely solve all drug addiction problems. This is so far only a demonstration of the state’s intentions to restore order in the sphere of legal drug trafficking and the official proclamation of a course towards the most severe counteraction to their illegal trafficking.

Members of a criminal group for trafficking in prohibited substances in the courtroom. They transported drugs to Russia from neighboring countries for the purpose of sale. Volgograd, March 2003

IN Criminal Code of the Russian Federation Penalties are provided for actions related to narcotic and psychotropic substances.

IN Article 228 It has been determined that the illegal manufacture, acquisition, storage, transfer of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may be punishable by imprisonment for up to three years. Article 229 states that theft or extortion of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may be punishable by imprisonment for a term of three to seven years.

IN Article 230 it is stated that inducement to consume narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may be punishable by imprisonment for a term of three to twelve years.

IN Article 231 It has been determined that the illegal cultivation of prohibited plants containing narcotic substances may be punishable by imprisonment for a term of two to eight years.

IN Article 232 it is said that organizing or maintaining dens for the consumption of narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances may be punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to seven years.

Article 233 states that illegal issuance or falsification of prescriptions or other documents giving the right to receive narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances is punishable by imprisonment for up to two years.

The Federal Law “On Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances” (1997) and the corresponding articles of the Criminal Code constituted the regulatory framework for the policy of combating drug trafficking.

It is possible to radically solve the problem of drug addiction and break its aggression against Russia only through joint actions of the state, society and every individual (every citizen) of our country.

It is necessary that each of you deeply understand the incompatibility of drugs with either your health or a prosperous life. You must clearly understand that you do not need drugs in any life situations (except as prescribed by a doctor), since, apart from personal tragedy for you and your family, they will not bring anything.

Anyone at any age can develop a complete aversion to drugs. After all, if there is no demand for drugs, there will be no supply. Drug traffickers thrive on well-organized advertising of the appeal of drug use.

Remember!

Drug dealers only want money and have absolutely no interest in your health or the tragic consequences of drug use.

Don’t fall into the deadly trap; don’t believe anyone who claims that you can recover from drug addiction if you want. It's a lie! Never try to try. Life is more valuable than any experiments with drugs.

Questions

When did the world community assess the danger of the spread of drug addiction among the population of planet Earth?
  • What contribution has the UN made to the fight against drug addiction?
  • What measures have been taken in Russia in recent years to combat drug addiction?
  • What punishment for inducing the consumption of narcotic and psychotropic substances is provided for in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation?
  • How do drug dealers primarily organize successful sales of their goods?

    Exercise

    1. List what penalties are provided for in the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation for the sale and inducement to use narcotic drugs.
    2. Determine your attitude towards possible drug use. If you are determined to live without drugs, think over the rules of your behavior in various situations so as not to fall into the drug trap. Briefly record your findings in a safety diary and follow them.

    • India was one of the participants in the Founding Conference of the United Nations in San Francisco in October 1945. But even earlier, on May 5, 1945, there in San Francisco, the head of the Indian delegation, Ramaswami Mudaliyar, announced India’s claims to a seat on the Council UN Security. He said India has the right to do so given the size of its territory, population, economic and industrial potential and its contribution to the victory of the Allied forces in the Second World War. However, these Indian claims were rejected primarily because it was not an independent state.

    Soon after the formation of the Provisional Government in 1946, Viceroy Wavell and Gandhi agreed to send a representative Indian delegation led by Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit to participate in the first UN General Assembly. Gandhi expressed the wish that she would ensure that India's protest against discrimination against Indians in South Africa was included on the UN agenda. “Gandhi envisioned the UN,” writes Pandit, “as a place where friendship between nations was strengthened, where discussions and debates were held at the highest level, and where truth and morality prevailed.” However, she did not hide her disappointment that the UN's efforts were not aimed at protecting the majority of the world's population suffering from hunger and deprivation. The very functioning of the UN, including the huge expenses for “countless receptions, cocktails”, etc., raised numerous questions among representatives of developing countries. As Pandit noted, “it was impossible not to think that this money could have been spent for better purposes if the idealism that led to the birth of the UN had been preserved.”

    In the mid-1950s, the question of India's permanent membership in the Security Council was raised by UN Secretary General Trygve Lie. At the same time, the idea of ​​accepting the People's Republic of China (PRC) as a permanent member of the Security Council arose. Western countries opposed this proposal. At that time, Nehru effectively abandoned the alliance with the Western powers and began to actively develop relations with China and the Soviet Union. Moreover, he was disappointed with the UN's position on the Kashmir issue. All this led to the fact that the PRC received a permanent seat on the Security Council, while India remained outside the UN Security Council. In 1963, an amendment to the UN Charter was adopted, in accordance with which the composition of the Security Council was expanded to include non-permanent members.

    For over 60 years, India has been actively involved in UN activities, including peacekeeping operations in Korea, Congo, Gaza (Palestine), Egypt, New Guinea (West Irian), Cyprus, former Yugoslavia, Mozambique, Somalia and other countries.

    Like many other countries, India had high hopes for the UN as a collective body whose main task should be to prevent clashes and wars and promote peace. Moreover, the UN was created immediately after the end of the bloody World War II. As Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi later ruefully said, the year the UN was founded was also the year nuclear weapons were used for the first time.

    India's enthusiasm for the UN gradually began to give way to doubts about its effectiveness as an instrument of peace. In September 1963, Jawaharlal Nehru told the Indian Parliament in connection with the Vietnam War that on critical issues such as disarmament, it seemed unlikely that they could be resolved by the UN General Assembly. Real progress is achieved by large countries, namely the USA and the USSR. Also in 1963, again speaking in Parliament, Nehru said: “... the current UN structure does not properly represent the United Nations. It reflects the situation that developed after the Second World War. Something needs to be done to bring the UN into line with the conditions prevailing in the current world. This requires changing the UN Charter." He criticized the UN, in particular on the issue of the right of permanent members of the Security Council to veto. “And yet,” Nehru emphasized, “the very existence of the UN is a huge contribution to world peace... And it is difficult to imagine a world without the UN.”

    Later, India's criticism of the UN became more specific. Speaking in October 1970 at the General Assembly of the United Nations on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of its founding, I. Gandhi paid tribute to the efforts of the UN in the struggle for peace and the prevention of a number of conflicts. At the same time, she raised the question of the need to make changes to the organizational structure and procedures of the UN, and to develop new programs that meet the challenges of the day. I. Gandhi noted that even after a quarter of a century there was no abandonment of the system of unilateral actions and exclusive alliances. Spheres of influence and the balance of power in international relations continue to be an important part of the politics of many states. The right of peoples to choose the form of their government is recognized only in words. Strong states continue to seek to expand their sphere of influence. Their military efforts in new regions inevitably lead to opposition from other powers. The result of this policy is “limited wars,” including in the Middle East and Vietnam. The UN was unable to prevent these wars or resolve these conflicts. Nevertheless, the UN must be preserved, given new meaning and new purposes in order to create an order in which the use of force will lead to the defeat of those who use it. “Countries like India, which have recently won freedom,” said I. Gandhi, “attach great importance to the UN and its activities; the UN must ensure that the resources of the Earth are used not for the aggrandizement of individual nations, but for the well-being of the united family of humanity.”

    The profound changes in the sixty years since the founding of the UN have not been accompanied by corresponding changes in its structure, taking into account the interests of developing countries. During this period, the number of UN members more than tripled. A number of developing countries, including India, have achieved a very high level of economic development and began to play a prominent role in world politics. They demanded the democratization of the UN and its restructuring. This call was repeated again after the end of the Cold War by 103 non-aligned states at a conference in Accra (Ghana) in September 1991. In their opinion, the existing structure of the UN did not correspond to the real balance of forces in the world, but preserved the outdated concept of hegemony of the great powers.

    In 1993, in connection with the upcoming 50th anniversary of the UN, a group was created to consider issues related to the expansion of membership in the Security Council. However, the permanent members of the Security Council were not ready to share their privileges with possible new members of the Security Council. In addition, contradictions arose between contenders for a permanent seat on the Security Council. Thus, Germany and Japan faced opposition from Italy and South Korea. Pakistan tried to block India's bid for a permanent seat on the Security Council.

    In 1994, India publicly announced its claims to permanent membership in the UN Security Council and has since repeated its demands in this regard. She proceeded from the fact that developing countries are extremely unsatisfactorily represented in the Security Council, especially among its permanent members. Of these, Russia, France and Great Britain expressed their support for India in its desire to become a permanent member of the Security Council. The United States limited itself to stating that India was “a very serious and strong contender” for permanent membership in the Security Council. China, in turn, has said it has no objection to granting India such membership, but has more broadly supported the idea of ​​reforming and expanding the Security Council so that its composition reflects changing realities in the world.

    The Conference of Foreign Ministers of the countries that were members of the Non-Aligned Movement, which took place in New Delhi in April 1997, expressed concern about the situation in the UN, that this organization did not take into account the realities that arose after the end of the Cold War, and did not meet the interests of the majority of its members. She raised the issue of reforming the United Nations in an acute manner.

    Representatives of India and other countries believed that the UN had lost its moral right to represent all humanity, since almost all developing countries remained outside the decision-making apparatus, that is, the Security Council. In addition, most countries questioned the right of the five great powers to actually rule the entire world.

    The dominance of the great powers, some Indian scholars and politicians believed, was rooted in the history of the last 350 years. And although the number and list of these powers changed as the world changed, they continued to remain a force with special rights in the international community, despite the attempts of weaker and smaller states to put an end to this order of things. This hegemony was formalized in the permanent membership of five states in the UN Security Council, despite the principle of sovereign equality of all its members proclaimed by the UN. During the creation of the UN in 1945, this contradiction (the sovereign equality of all states and the privileged position of permanent members of the UN Security Council) was resolved (although not without protests from the 45 “small members” of the UN) on the basis that the additional power of the great powers and their responsibility to the world are inseparable. However, over the past decades, the great powers have failed to live up to many of their commitments. On the contrary, they participated in wars and conflicts: the United States in Latin America, Vietnam, and other regions, the former USSR in Eastern Europe, Afghanistan, and other “hot spots.” Britain, France and China were also responsible for similar actions.

    When the UN was created, the choice of permanent members of the Security Council reflected the prevailing balance of forces after the end of World War II. The Security Council was seen as a guarantor of peace. However, very soon differences and rivalry emerged between the permanent members of the UN Security Council. In this regard, critical or stalemate situations arose more than once. Therefore, developing countries have repeatedly demanded the creation of a more representative Security Council.

    In 1992, the UN Secretary General put forward a proposal to include five additional permanent members in the Security Council: India, Brazil, Nigeria, Germany and Japan. The first three are based on the geographical principle and the size of their population, as well as their enormous potential. The last two – taking into account their economic power. It was meant that a broadly representative Security Council should play its role in the collective struggle against poverty, hunger, economic inequality and technological backwardness. The issue has not been resolved.

    Since the end of the Cold War, the UN, and especially the Security Council, have noticeably stepped up their activities. This was confirmed by the following facts: in the 45 years from the creation of the UN to the crisis in the Persian Gulf in 1991, the Security Council adopted 659 resolutions, and over the next five years - 350 resolutions. But the main thing was not the number of resolutions, but the change in the nature of the Security Council’s activities, and not in the direction of its democratization. Many of the 183 UN members felt alienated from the Security Council, which was dominated by the three Western powers after the end of the Cold War (Russia was more preoccupied with its own internal affairs, and China generally showed no interest in outer parts of the world). The Security Council, its harshest critics said, became nothing more than an additional lever of Western foreign policy. New balance of power in the world at the end of the 20th century. led to the fact that the UN Security Council began to lean towards a broader interpretation of the mandate defined by the UN Charter to maintain international peace and security. According to N. Koshy, a professor at Harvard Law School, “a number of situations that in the past were considered a matter of domestic jurisdiction of countries have come to be qualified as a threat to international peace and stability.”

    Such changes in the activities of the UN Security Council caused concern for many countries, including developing ones. India, for example, put forward the following demands in this regard: firstly, the UN Security Council should not encroach on the national sovereignty of states under the pretext of the struggle for human rights; secondly, decisions of the Security Council must reflect the consensus of the UN General Assembly; thirdly, the Security Council must be fully accountable to the General Assembly. Other developing countries spoke in the same spirit.

    At one time, the creators of the UN Charter were concerned primarily with problems associated with wars between countries, and not with conflicts within individual states. The situation that developed on the planet in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century, when the number of internal conflicts significantly increased, required new approaches to the problem of maintaining peace and security, the development of mechanisms that would give full legitimacy to the actions of the UN. Otherwise, disagreements would inevitably arise between UN members on the most important issues of international security. All this could cast a shadow of doubt on the legality of some decisions of the Security Council.

    Thus, during the debate on the resolution on repression of civilians in Iraq in the 1990s, many UN members spoke out in the spirit that this resolution went beyond the mandate of the Security Council. The representative of India, in particular, stated that the right of the Security Council to take up this issue arises only if conditions exist that pose a clear threat to international peace and security. However, the said resolution was adopted because the general mood in the world was in favor of punishing Iraq for its aggression against Kuwait. However, the issue of the legitimacy of Security Council decisions has not been removed from the agenda.

    This problem was intertwined with other issues that were no less important for the activities of the UN, namely, with its performance as a collective body for ensuring peace and security, which independently and independently makes decisions, on the basis of which appropriate measures are then taken. The episode of the Gulf War in 1991 demonstrated quite clearly that there were many questions to ponder about the role of the UN. As G. Kissinger writes, “The United States, without waiting for international consensus, unilaterally sent a large expeditionary group [to the Persian Gulf in 1991]. Other countries were only able to influence American actions by joining what was essentially an American enterprise, since they could not avoid conflict if the veto was used. In addition, internal problems in the Soviet Union and China pushed the permanent members of the Security Council to support US actions. In the Gulf War, collective security was sought to justify US leadership, not as a replacement for that leadership.”

    Some Indian political scientists have been very critical of the role of the UN during the Gulf War. Thus, Anil Nauria believed that by its activities during the war and after it, the UN significantly undermined its authority. Representatives of developing countries, including India, criticized the role of the UN in the former Yugoslavia, where a number of actions in 1992 and subsequent years were first taken by Western powers and then approved by the UN. In this case, Russia and China did not use the right of veto, which was mainly due to their reluctance and inability to resist the West in the then geopolitical situation.

    India, like many other developing countries, proposed making the work of the Security Council more “transparent” and strengthening the role of countries that are not members of the Security Council, which would facilitate their wider participation in the development and adoption of decisions. One of the important issues facing the UN, according to India, was the reform of its Security Council. Its current structure - five permanent members of the Security Council with the right of veto and 10 non-permanent members - is an anachronism. However, the demands of developing countries, including India, did not meet with the support of Western powers. In 1995, the Indian parliamentary delegation discussed the problem of including India as a permanent member of the Security Council with UN Secretary General Boutros B. Ghali. In this regard, it was reported that there is no consensus at the UN on this issue. In the fall of 1996, India was unable to obtain the required number of votes to be elected as a non-permanent member of the Security Council from Asia. This place then went to Japan for a period of two years.

    On the issue of expanding the Security Council, India and many developing countries were guided by two fundamental considerations: the geographically equal distribution of seats on the Security Council and the sovereign equality of states. There were many different options for reforming the UN Security Council. All this indicated that reform of the Security Council was indeed overdue, but there was no consensus among UN members on this issue and it was not easy to achieve it.

    India has persistently demonstrated its commitment to the principles and goals stated in the UN Charter, as well as to the tasks of creating a multipolar world. Its representatives took part in discussions of current issues at meetings of the UN General Assembly and the Security Council. Including such important issues as the situation in Africa, Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq and Kuwait, discussing topics such as international peace and security, terrorism, the situation of women and children and others.

    On the eve of the Iraq War in March 2003, India said that the issue of war should be decided only by the UN and not unilaterally by any country. War should be avoided. She advocated a peaceful solution to the Iraqi problem through the collective efforts of the UN, called for no forceful action without the consent of the world community, and for resolving the situation in Iraq strictly within the UN framework, taking into account the legitimate interests of the Iraqi people, while respecting the sovereignty and territorial integrity of this country.

    Regarding the situation in Afghanistan, after the start of the military operation of the US-led coalition in 2001, India, along with other UN members, expressed concern about security issues, the reconstruction of Afghanistan, the production and illicit trade of drugs, and the settlement of refugees.

    India's concern at the UN discussions was also the situation in the Middle East. At meetings of the UN General Assembly and the UN Security Council, she called for measures to improve the social and economic situation of the Palestinian people and insisted on a peaceful resolution of the conflict based on UN resolutions.

    India has acted as one of the main UN peacekeeping forces. Until 2004, she participated in 39 UN peacekeeping operations, contributed to debates on strengthening the role of UN peacekeepers and civilian police, and to the development of a new mechanism of cooperation between the UN Security Council, the UN Secretariat and the countries sending peacekeepers.

    India has persistently emphasized the need to reorganize the entire UN system, especially its Security Council, through various forms, not just the UN itself. Thus, at a meeting of countries belonging to the Non-Aligned Movement in 2006, India spoke out in favor of restructuring the UN Security Council. It was envisaged that a Security Council veto could be overridden by two-thirds of the countries in the UN General Assembly.

    UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, who took part in this meeting, supported the call for UN reform in the interests of the developing world and the UN itself. Otherwise, the UN risks losing its authority, legitimacy, neutrality and independence. He believed that it was necessary to introduce new permanent or long-term members to the Security Council. The current representation in this body, Annan said, reflects the realities of 1945. Somewhat earlier, even before this meeting of the heads of the Non-Aligned Movement countries, India, Brazil, Germany and Japan formed the so-called Group of Four with the aim of seeking permanent membership in the Security Council. At a bilateral meeting between the leaders of India and Brazil in September 2006, they emphasized the priority of reforming the UN to make it more responsive to today's realities. Both leaders said they would work closely within the Group of Four to achieve permanent membership of the UN Security Council. The struggle over the issue of expanding the number of permanent members of the UN Security Council became protracted, in which the positions of the permanent members of the Security Council were quite cautious. Perhaps the most definite position was taken by the United States, which declared support for Japan as a possible permanent member of the Security Council. Disagreements on the issue of reform of the UN and its Security Council indirectly affected the struggle for the post of UN Secretary General to replace Kofi Annan, who resigned in December 2006. India has nominated Shashi Tharoor, one of the Deputy Secretary General, as a candidate for this post. The main rivalry was between him and South Korean Foreign Minister Ban Ki-moon, who was supported by the United States and China. There were five other candidates - from Sri Lanka, Thailand, Jordan, Afghanistan and Latvia. The candidate from Sri Lanka withdrew his candidacy, and the government of this country supported the South Korean diplomat. As a result of three ranked votes in the Security Council, preference was given to Ban Ki-moon, who was supported by all five members of the Security Council. The United States expressed deep satisfaction with the voting results. After his election as UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon said that his priorities would be UN reform and finances. These demands were also made by the administration of President Bush.




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