The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warm. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental for all living things. To find a compromise between the useful and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes its degree of danger.
What uv radiation of the sun is
The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reaches the Earth.
-
UV. Long-wave radiation range
315-400 NmThe rays are almost free through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the ground.
-
UV-B. Middle-wave radiation range
280-315 NmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-c. Shortwave radiation range
100-280 NmThe most dangerous area. Completely absorbed by the stratospheric ozone, without reaching the Earth.
The larger the atmosphere of ozone, clouds and aerosols, the less the destructive effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have high natural variability. Annual maximum of the stratospheric ozone falls on the spring, and at least - for autumn. Cloudy is one of the most non-permanent weather characteristics. Carbon dioxide can also change all the time.
Under what values \u200b\u200bof the UV index there is a danger
The UV index gives an estimate of the UV-radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. The values \u200b\u200bof the UV index vary from safe 0 to the extreme 11+.
- 0 - 2 low
- 3 - 5 moderate
- 6 - 7 high
- 8 - 10 very high
- 11+ Extreme
In medium latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6-7) only maximum height Sun over the horizon (occurs at the end of June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points.
What is useful for the Sun.
In small doses, UV-radiation of the Sun is simply necessary. The sun rays synthesize the melanin, serotonin, vitamin D necessary for our health, prevent Rahit.
Melanin Creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of him, our skin darkens and becomes elastic.
Horone of happiness serotonin It affects our well-being: it improves the mood and increases the overall vitality.
Vitamin D. Strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-developing functions.
What is dangerous sun
Taking sunbathing, it is important to understand that the border between the useful and harmful sun is very thin. Excessive tan always borders with a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The protective system of the body cannot cope with such aggressive impact. This reduces immunity, damages the retina of the eyes, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet destroys the DNA chain
How the sun affects people
The susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - protection is required for them under the index 3, and 6 is considered to be dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most falling under the influence of the sun
People with light
tone leather
People having many moles
Residents of medium latitudes during rest in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People having a family-friendly skin cancer story
In what weather the sun is more dangerous
The fact that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather - a common misconception. It is possible to burn in cool cloud weather.
Cloudy, whatever dense it, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In medium latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of burning, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can burn in 30 minutes, then in the cloud - in a couple of hours.
How to protect against the sun
To protect against destroyed rays, follow the simple rules:
Less are in the sun at midday hours
Wear bright clothes, including broad-colonged hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
On the beach more in the shade
What sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen It differs according to the degree of protection from the Sun and marked from 2 to 50+. The numbers mean the share of solar radiation, which overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream with marking 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet.
For everyday use, when the time of staying under the sun does not exceed half an hour, it is quite suitable for a protection cream 15. For a sunbathing on the beach it is better to take 30 and higher. However, it is recommended to use a 2+ cream to be used for ceiling.
How to apply sunscreen
Cream should be applied evenly on all open skin, including face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe enough for a long time, the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, additionally, before entering the beach.
Required volume for applying to specify the cream instructions.
How to use sunscreen when bathing
Sunscreen should be applied each time after bathing. Water blends the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of the resulting ultraviolet. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Abundant sweating and wiping with a towel - also a reason to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under the umbrella, the shadow does not provide full-fledged protection. Sand, water and even the grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to defend your eyes
Sunlight, reflected from water, snow or sand, can cause a painful back of the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains atmospheric "Filter" thinner. For every 100 meters, the height of the UV index increases by 5%.
The snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the reflected snow cover of ultraviolet is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, in the mountains of the Sun is most dangerous. Protect the face, the lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloud weather.
How to deal with sunburns if you burned
Treat the body with a wet sponge to moisten the burn
Lubricate the burnt plots by anti-sparkling cream
When the temperature is raised, contact your doctor, you may be advised to accept the antipyretic
If the burn is strong (the skin swells heavily and bubbles), consult medical attention
The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays give the necessary light and warm. At the same time, the ultraviolet radiation of the Sun is detrimental for all living things. To find a compromise between the useful and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes its degree of danger.
What uv radiation of the sun is
The ultraviolet radiation of the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three areas, two of which reaches the Earth.
-
UV. Long-wave radiation range
315-400 NmThe rays are almost free through all atmospheric "barriers" and reach the ground.
-
UV-B. Middle-wave radiation range
280-315 NmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
-
UV-c. Shortwave radiation range
100-280 NmThe most dangerous area. Completely absorbed by the stratospheric ozone, without reaching the Earth.
The larger the atmosphere of ozone, clouds and aerosols, the less the destructive effect of the sun. However, these saving factors have high natural variability. Annual maximum of the stratospheric ozone falls on the spring, and at least - for autumn. Cloudy is one of the most non-permanent weather characteristics. Carbon dioxide can also change all the time.
Under what values \u200b\u200bof the UV index there is a danger
The UV index gives an estimate of the UV-radiation of the Sun on the surface of the Earth. The values \u200b\u200bof the UV index vary from safe 0 to the extreme 11+.
- 0 - 2 low
- 3 - 5 moderate
- 6 - 7 high
- 8 - 10 very high
- 11+ Extreme
In medium latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values \u200b\u200b(6-7) only at the maximum height of the sun over the horizon (occurs at the end of June - early July). At the equator, during the year, the UV index reaches 9 ... 11+ points.
What is useful for the Sun.
In small doses, UV-radiation of the Sun is simply necessary. The sun rays synthesize the melanin, serotonin, vitamin D necessary for our health, prevent Rahit.
Melanin Creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of him, our skin darkens and becomes elastic.
Horone of happiness serotonin It affects our well-being: it improves the mood and increases the overall vitality.
Vitamin D. Strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-developing functions.
What is dangerous sun
Taking sunbathing, it is important to understand that the border between the useful and harmful sun is very thin. Excessive tan always borders with a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The protective system of the body cannot cope with such aggressive impact. This reduces immunity, damages the retina of the eyes, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet destroys the DNA chain
How the sun affects people
The susceptibility to UV radiation depends on the type of skin. People of the European race are most sensitive to the Sun - protection is required for them under the index 3, and 6 is considered to be dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans, this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most falling under the influence of the sun
People with light
tone leather
People having many moles
Residents of medium latitudes during rest in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People having a family-friendly skin cancer story
In what weather the sun is more dangerous
The fact that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather - a common misconception. It is possible to burn in cool cloud weather.
Cloudy, whatever dense it, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet to zero. In medium latitudes, cloudy significantly reduces the risk of burning, which cannot be said about traditional places of beach holidays. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can burn in 30 minutes, then in the cloud - in a couple of hours.
How to protect against the sun
To protect against destroyed rays, follow the simple rules:
Less are in the sun at midday hours
Wear bright clothes, including broad-colonged hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
On the beach more in the shade
What sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies according to the degree of protection from the Sun and marked from 2 to 50+. The numbers mean the share of solar radiation, which overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream with marking 15, only 1/15 (or 7%) ultraviolet rays will overcome the protective film. In the case of cream 50 - only 1/50, or 2%, affect the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream is able to reflect 100% ultraviolet.
For everyday use, when the time of staying under the sun does not exceed half an hour, it is quite suitable for a protection cream 15. For a sunbathing on the beach it is better to take 30 and higher. However, it is recommended to use a 2+ cream to be used for ceiling.
How to apply sunscreen
Cream should be applied evenly on all open skin, including face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe enough for a long time, the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before the exit and, additionally, before entering the beach.
Required volume for applying to specify the cream instructions.
How to use sunscreen when bathing
Sunscreen should be applied each time after bathing. Water blends the protective film and, reflecting the sun's rays, increases the dose of the resulting ultraviolet. Thus, when bathing, the risk of burning increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Abundant sweating and wiping with a towel - also a reason to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under the umbrella, the shadow does not provide full-fledged protection. Sand, water and even the grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to defend your eyes
Sunlight, reflected from water, snow or sand, can cause a painful back of the retina. To protect your eyes, use sunglasses with an ultraviolet filter.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains atmospheric "Filter" thinner. For every 100 meters, the height of the UV index increases by 5%.
The snow reflects up to 85% of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80% of the reflected snow cover of ultraviolet is again reflected by the clouds.
Thus, in the mountains of the Sun is most dangerous. Protect the face, the lower part of the chin and ears is necessary even in cloud weather.
How to deal with sunburns if you burned
Treat the body with a wet sponge to moisten the burn
Lubricate the burnt plots by anti-sparkling cream
When the temperature is raised, contact your doctor, you may be advised to accept the antipyretic
If the burn is strong (the skin swells heavily and bubbles), consult medical attention
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