In the 19th century, the main interest of travelers in Hawaii was not caused by the beaches, but Hawaiian volcanoes. Residents of the islands and tourists stretch to volcanoes, and they are not saved from them. Hawaiian Volcano National Park is one of the few places on the planet, where you can relatively safely monitor the volcanic eruptions. The territory of the park includes the peaks of the largest (Mauna Loa) and the most active (kilauea) of the planet volcanoes. In 1980, the Hawaiian Volcano National Park received the status of an international biosphere reserve, and in 1987 included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Unique volcanic park landscapes annually attract about 3 million tourists.
What is special in Hawaiian volcanoes?
Brief characteristic Park
Geological features. Hawaiian Volcanic National Park extends from the sea level to a height of 4169 meters and includes the largest (Mauna Loa) and the most active (kilauea) volcanoes in the world. Kilauea in almost continuous eruptions since 1983; Mauna Loa was last erupted in 1984. Volcanic features within the park include Calders, Crater Pit, slag cones, fumarols, geysers, solfaters (a variety of fumarol with semination of sulfur gas), Lava streams, lava tubes, black sand beaches and thermal fields. The climate in the range from lush rainforests to the arid and fruitless Kau desert. More than half of the park are protected areas with a developed network of pedestrian trail and wide camping opportunities.
Biological features. The park covers a varied natural environment, ranging from the coast of the sea to the top of the most massive volcano on Earth, Mauna Loa (4169 m). The territory of the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes consists of seven ecological zones:
Coast;
lowlands;
covered with high trees;
rainforests;
mountain forests;
subalpic belt;
Alpine belt.
The park serves as a refuge for many endangered species, including Bissa (Turtle), Nena (Hawaiian Case), Hawaiian Petrel, Hawaiian Hawk, Hawaiian White-Gray Battle, Hawaiian Flower Children (Birds), carnivorous caterpillars and smiling spiders.
Cultural features. Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park retains archaeological monuments of indigenous Hawaiians. Park is known to Pua Pua Pua (PU "U Loa Petroglyphs) - the largest concentration of ancient petroglyphs in Hawaii (about 20,000).
Dimensions: Area 1308 km2, 106 km of roads with solid coating, 249 km pedestrian trail.
Volcanoes of the National Park
Mauna Loa(Mauna Loa) - the largest volcano on the planet with a volume of about 75,000 km3. The height of the volcano is 4,169 meters (second in height in the Hawaiian Islands after Mauna Kea), length is 112 km, width is 48 km. The eruptions, as a rule, do not bear an explosive nature, the lava is poor on silicon dioxide, so very liquid. Thanks to such features, weakly oblique slopes of the volcano were formed. The last eruption of Mauna Loa took place from March 24 to April 15, 1984 and at the moment the volcano is inactive. Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park covers the vertex and southeastern slopes of Mauna Loa.
Kilauea.(Kīlauea) - the most active of five volcanoes that have formed great about Hawaii's strov. Kilauea is the main object of tourist interest in Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park. It has a large, relatively recently formed caldera and two active rift zones. Rift zones are a feature of shield volcanoes in Hawaii. The cracks of the volcanic structure allow the lava to erupt away from the top of the volcano. For example, the kilauea volcano eruption is continuing from the Puu OO eruption, located in the eastern rift area of \u200b\u200bKilauea, approximately 15 km east of Kilauea's crater.
Current eruption of Kilauea began on January 3, 1983, and today it is the most long-lived active volcano in the world. As of January 2011, the eruption was thrown by 3.5 cubic lava kilometers, covering an area of \u200b\u200b123.2 km2.
The active state of Kilauea has a significant impact on the ecology of its slopes. The growth of plants is often interrupted by fresh outlines of the molten lava, and the treated volcanic sulfuric gases are caused by the formation of acid rains, especially in the fruitless south-west rift zone, known as the Kau Desert desert.
Historically, five volcanoes on the island were considered sacred to Hawaiians. In Hawaiian mythology, Caldera Kilauea and Crater Halehaumau serves the inadequate Pele, the goddess of fire, lightning, wind and volcanoes.
Kilauea is considered the most commonly visited volcano on the planet due to the ability to observe the flows of molten lava. It is relatively safe for visiting, since its eruptions do not have an explosive.
Interesting places (attractions) National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes
Cylauea Information Center (Kilauea Visitor Center) is a pair of hundreds of meters from the entrance to the Hawaiian Volcano National Park on the right side of the road. As a rule, this is the first stop for about 3 million tourists, annually visiting the National Park. If you want to learn more about the park, where to go, what to do, the current places of the lava eruption, make a stop here. Always friendly and informed Rangers Park will answer all questions. Here you can see a 30-minute film about volcanic eruptions, order tours with Rangers Park, learn about walking routes, pick up souvenirs. Cylauea Information Center is open daily 07:45 am to 17:00.
Museum of Thomas Jagger Located along the CRATER RIM DRIVE road, 3 km from the Kilauea Information Center. From the museum sightseeing platform, the Panorama Calder and Crater Halemaumau opens. Exhibits include equipment previously used by scientists to explore volcanoes. Tourists have a souvenir shop. The Hawaiian Observatory of Volcanoes is adjacent to the Jagger Museum, but it is closed for free access. The museum is open daily from 08:30 to 17:00.
CavesHawaiian Volcanoes National Park consist mainly of lava pipes. Lava pipes are natural channels through which under the surface of the earth during the eruption of the volcano moves the streams of the molten liquid rock. These caves are sometimes stretched for many kilometers with a height of several meters.
Thurston Lava Tube. - An example of a massive lava cave. This 500-year-old lavva cave found Lorry Truston in 1913, the publisher of the local newspaper. At the time of opening, the cave ceiling covered lava stalactites, but soon they quickly disassembled souvenirs. Thurston Lava Tube is open for daily access. Private tour operators offer tours of ThURSTON Lava Tube and other similar caves around a big about Stryov Hawaii, in particular tour operators Native Guide Hawaii.(www.nativeguidehawaii.com) and Kilauea Caverns Of Fire (www.kilaueacavernsoffire.com).
Pua Vea (Pua Po'o) - Another cave of this type. Sometimes it is called the "secret lava tube" of the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes. Very little information about this cave. A visit is only possible every Wednesday accompanied by Ranger Park. You must contact the Kilauea Information Center in advance to order the tour.
Puoo oo (PUU OO) - Tufy cone in the eastern rift zone of the Volcano Kilauea. Puu OO is continuously erupting from January 3, 1983, which makes it the longest active rift zone over the past two decades. By January 2005, 2.7 cubic kilometers of magma covered an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 117 square kilometers and added 0.93 km2 of the Earth on the southeast coast of Big about Stryov Hawaii. In 1986, the stream of Lava with Puu OO destroyed most of the village of Kapalana (Kalapana). The Wahalua Information Center and the ancient Hawaiian temple is another victims of Puu OO.
Lava flows. Most visitors to the Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park are most interested to see the flow of molten lava in the active zone of Kilauea. Starting from 1983, Kilauea volcano continuously erupts Lava in its eastern rift zone. These Lava flows created more than 200 hectares of new lands and covered Loomed 12 km Highway Chain of Craters Road, the thickness of the frozen breed reaches 35 m. The nature of the volcano is unstable, sometimes the Lava River is sometimes observed, another time nothing. At the moment, the end of the road of Chain of Craters Road is the best place for observing the movement of the molten lava. Sometimes you can see Lava's streams at the end of the road near the Rangers station. Usually, it is necessary to go through a few more kilometers along the lava fields. The most spectacular moment - when the lava in the dark flows into the ocean, hiding in the clouds of steam. Fresh lava flows spewing Puu OO crater.
Crater Halemaumau. (Halemaumau CRATER) is located in the center of Kilauea Calder. Halemaumau in Hawaiian mythology is the inadequate Pele, the Hawaiian goddess of fire and volcanoes. Ancient Hawaiians regularly visited the crater to bring the gifts of the almighty goddess. The rising volcanic gas cable constantly resembles a rave lava in the depths of the crater. After sunset, Halemaumau causes the interest of visitors with their bright glow.
Kilauea Iki. (Kīlauea IKI) is currently inactive. But in 1959, it was a lake of a raging lava, the fountains of the molten rock rose to the height of up to 580 m. The crater has a length of 1.6 km and the width of almost 1 km, the bottom is more than 100 meters below the sightseeing site. Around Kilauea Iki is laid a ring trail with a length of 6 km.
Poo petroglyphs Loa (PU "U Loa Petroglyphs). The trail of about 2 km from the Chain of Craters Road road leads to the place of the largest concentration of ancient petroglyphs in Hawaii. PuTroglyphs Pua Loa (PU" U Loa Petroglyphs) are considered a sacred place for indigenous Hawaiians, carved more than 20 000 drawings on the surface of the lava. Petroglyphs are believed that Petroglyphs perpetuated important events in the life of Hawaiians. Pictures display animals, human figures, abstract forms. In the old days, Hawaiians did it holes for storing babies of babies and then covered them with stones. According to reference, it made the child health and longevity. Parking for cars and the beginning of the trails are between pointers16 and 17-mile along the road of Chain of Craters Road. In the area of \u200b\u200bpetroglyphs, the boarded flooring was laid. Not all petroglyphs are clearly visible to not be trapped or damaged, all the time go through the boardwalk.
Seaside deposits (Sulphur Banks). In the sulfur deposits overlooking the surface, volcanic gases are seeping out of the ground together with the ferry from groundwater. These gases are rich in carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxides and hydrogen sulfide (gas with a smell of rotten eggs). Remember - the outgoing gases of volcanoes are dangerous to health. Visitors with heart or respiratory diseases (in particular, those who suffer from asthma), pregnant women, young children should be avoided.
Furolla(Steam Vents) - Isolation of hot steam from cracks and volcanic channels. Groundwater seep down to hot volcanic rocks and return back to the surface in the form of steam. Do not stand too close to fumarols on a cold day, because you will be wet after such adoption "baths from the pele."
Expensive
A car trip is the most popular way to visit the most interesting places in Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park. Two main roads that visitors will have to travel (CRATER RIM DRIVE and CHAIN \u200b\u200bOF CRATERS ROAD), asphalt. Currently, 12 km of the Chain of Craters Road Road near the village of Kalapan are fully covered by Lova.
Chain of Craters Road - The road with a length of 37 km through the eastern rift zone of the Kilauea Volcano and the coast of the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes. In general, it descends from a height of 1128 m and rests on the stream of Lava across the road on the south coast of Big about Stryov Hawaii. Repeated eruptions of the Kilauee volcano between 1986 and 1996 reduced the road by 12 km, covering the coastal section of Lava flows, destroyed the beach Kaimu Beach (one of the most beautiful beaches of Hawaii), the Hawaiian Temple of the 12th century, almost completely buried the village of Kalapan. The road has branches with a panorama of a variety of volcanic landscapes: crater, active and frozen lava flows, gas pillars. The main interest of the trip on this road causes the Sea Arch (Holei Sea Arch). At the end of the road there is a station of Rangers. From here you walk a few kilometers along the coast to see the streams of the molten lava.
| CRATER RIM DRIVE Map |
CRATER RIM DRIVE. - Ring road with a length of 18 km around Caldera Kilauea. This 18-km ring road rotates around the top of Kilauea Calder and Craters, passes through the section of the rainforest and lava desert, with stops near the panoramic landscapes and paths for short walks. It begins in fact immediately after entering the territory of the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes and runs by the sulfur deposits (Sulphur Banks), Furolol (jet of hot volcanic pair), Jagger Museum. From here the road descends through the rift zone at the bottom of the caldera to Khalemaumau (Halemaumau). Further, the road rises up and passes by Keanakāi Crater Crater and Keanakākoi Crater (Kīlauea Iki Crater), through Fernic Thickets, past the Lavova Cave Thurston Lava Tube and returns to the administrative area of \u200b\u200bthe park. CRATER RIM DRIVE.
What to do, what to do, tours of local operators
Hawaiian volcanic National Park has more than 240 km trail for hiking. Trails vary from the lungs (Kipukapuaulu) to long (Mauna Loa Trail) hiking. They not only intersect the lava fields, but also deserts, tropical forests, beaches, and in winter snow slopes at an altitude of more than 4,000 meters. Maps Trail and other useful information can be obtained at Kilauea Information Center (Kilauea Visitor Center, open from 7:45 am to 17:00 daily). Check out the weather before going hike, it can be cool and rainy at any time of the year, be prepared for the hot sun, cool rain and a strong wind. Always use sunscreen and take with you a lot of drinking water. Description of several trail:
Kilauea Iki Trail. The 6-km trail begins in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Information Center, descends through the thickets of ferns to Kilauea IKI crater, then crosses the bottom of the crater and runs past the funnel, where in 1959 he was erupted a fountain of firewood lava for 36 days.
Halemaumau Trail. The 5.5 km trail begins in the area of \u200b\u200bthe information center, descends to the bottom of the Cylauea Calder and ends near the Halemaumau crater overview site.
Devastation Trail Long 1 km allows you to explore Kilauea Iki, where the volcanic eruption occurred in 1959. Hiking accompanied by the Rangers Park (free of charge) are offered throughout the day.
Kipuka Puaula (Bird Park) Trail. A long 2.5 km long trail allows you to see the Hawaiian flora and fauna in a small oasis in the midst of lava fields. For some reason, the hot lava passed this place and left the untouched section of the forest. The beginning of the trail from the road Mauna Loa Road. Early in the morning or evening (even better immediately after the rain) to see the Hawaiian birds.
Mauna Loa Trail. This is one of the most complex hiking routes in Hawaii. The three-km long path begins at the end of the road and rises to the top of Mauna-Loa (4136 m), where the night temperature drops below zero throughout the year. In July, it is often snow. Hike (from 3 to 4 days) there - back requires large physical stress and registration in the information center. There will also receive detailed route maps and other necessary information. The trail begins at the end of the Mauna Loa road.
Observation of molten lava From Kalapana Cultural Tours. This is one of the few tour operators, providing trips to the location of the excessive lava. The beginning of the tour at about 15:30, first the trip on the minibus, then a few kilometers of the campaign on old frozen threads to the place of leaving the molten lava. Watching the molten lava (about one and a half hours), returning back in the dark. In addition, Kalapana Cultural Tours offers cycling tours. Tour operator address: 12-5038 Kalapana-Kapoho Rd, Pahoa, Hawaii Island, Hi 96778, website www.kalapanaculturaltours.com
Helicopter tours. One of the best helicopter companies is Blue Hawaiian Helicopter (www.bluehawaiian.com). Helicopters rise into the air from Hilo and Waikoloa cities (Hilo is cheaper, because closer). The 50-minute Circle of Fire / Waterfalls (with Hilo), in addition to volcanoes, includes the inspection of waterfalls, valleys and beaches; The 70-minute Big Island Spectacular (with Waikoloa), examines rainforests, waterfalls and volcanoes. If you prefer aircraft, not helicopters, try Big Island Air (www.bigislandair.com). A 1-hour excursion from Kona Airport includes inspection of all 5 volcanoes of Big Oh Stroa Hawaii.
Weather
The weather in the National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes is extremely changeable. At the top of Kilauea (1247 m) the weather varies daily and may be rainy and cold at any time of the year. The temperature varies depending on the height. At the top of the volcano, the temperature of 12-5 degrees is lower than on the coast. The coastal zone is usually warm, dry and windy. Come prepared, wear with you windbreak, long trousers, closed top shoes (not sandals).
Where to stay
Volcano Village. Since the formation of the National Park, Hawaiian volcanoes in 1916, a tiny village of Volcano Village appeared at the entrance to its territory. There are several streets with two stores, several restaurants, post office, cafes and a fire service. Volcano Village does not have traffic lights, churches or cemeteries, but it has a wine plant (site www.volcanowinery.com). Anyone can stay here and taste local varieties of wines made from honey and tropical fruits. The village is surrounded by a rainforest, precipitation drops a lot - 2500 mm per year.
Volcano Village is located within 1 km from the entrance to the Hawaiian Volcano National Park. Highway 11 (Highway 11), leading directly to the park, runs next to Volcano Village. If you have gathered in detail to see the Hawaiian volcanoes, you will spend more comfortable in this village for several days. Rooms can be ordered at www.emmaspencerliving.com
Small hotel Volcano Housewith a view of the crater Halemaumau on the territory of the National Park, Hawaiian volcanoes were built back in 1846. Even Mark Twain once stopped in it during a visit to Hawaii. Site www.hawaiivolcanohouse.com
Campings
Within the National Park, Hawaiian volcanoes have two designed for motorists, camping (Namakanipaio and Kulanaokuaiki). Campgrounds are free. Pre-booking is not required, but the stay is limited to 7 days per month.
Camping Namakanipaio. Located on the highway 11 (Highway 11) at an altitude of more than 1,000 meters. This is a big, open lawn with high trees. Camping has toilets, water, picnic tables, places for making kebabs.
Camping Kulanaokuaiki. Located about 8 km along the Hilina Pali Road road at an altitude of 820 meters. There are no water in this place. There is a toilet and picnic tables.
Opening hours:
Hawaiian volcanoes National Park open 24 hours a day all year round (including all holidays);
Kilauea Visitor Center (Kilauea Visitor Center) is open daily 07:45 to 17:00;
Jagger Museum is open daily from 08:30 to 17:00.
Location
The park is located on the southeastern part of the large part of Stryov Hawaii 154 km from Kona on Highway 11 (Highway 11) and 48 km from Hilo on Highway 19 (Highways 19).
Helpful information
The fee for entry into the park is removed from vehicles and cyclists. Keep a ticket, it is valid seven days in a row.
Get ready for visiting. Take with me food and water, there are no trading points in the park. Dress appropriate with shoes, long pants and jacket.
For the purpose of security, stay on the marked paths indicated, pay attention to all warning signs and stay away from the limited access zone. Avoid harmful volcanic gases in the park.
Learn the latest news in the Kilauea Information Center. Rangers of the National Park will tell where to go and how to get to the places of hot lava.
And finally, take a lot of time for your trip. In order to maximize the most interesting places of the Hawaiian Volcano National Park, consider staying at the Volcano House, nearby village Volcano Village or Heilo, which is just 45 minutes away. Another large town of Kona is 2.5 hours away.
Hawaiian Volcanoes National Park is located on the island of Hawaii. Interesting places and tours of local operators Hawaii Read this link
Accommodation
Recommended options Hotels near National Park Hawaiian Volcanoes on Booking.com for this link
Everythinghawaiian Volcanoes National Park Hotels at Booking.com for this link
Hawaiian volcanoes (Hawaii Volcanoes) are located in the National Park. The active volcanoes of Kilauea and Mauna Loa. From 1983, a slow, but continuous eruption was slow, but a continuous eruption, this is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. In the park you can see the result of the millennial volcanic activity, migration and evolution processes that have formed a land in the middle of the ocean with a unique ecosystem. Kilauela volcano has a crater equal to 4.5 km in diameter. Its maximum depth is about 230 m. Today, at the edge of this crater, a real museum was organized, Thomas Jagger became the founder - the first head of the Hawaiian Volcanic Observatory, and the exhibits - scientific equipment, clothing of volcanologists and other things associated with volcanoes.
The geological data of studies of the age of ancient surfaces on the southern and western slopes of Mauna Loa led to the assumption that these are two ancient shield volcanoes, Ninole (Ninole) and Kulani (Kulani), which were completely buried by younger Mauna Loa. Now geologists consider these exposures of the breeds part of Mauna Loa.
At the south-east of Hawaii island, the underwater flux of the Furniture is located. This is a submarine mountain, the vertex of which is located 980 meters under the water surface. The incessant business activity in 10,000-100,000 years can lead to the emergence of the ocean's surface of the new island or the Peninsula of Hawaii.
Volcanoes
- Kochala - Perezhnik
- Mauna Kea - Sleeping
- Huuallai - active, but not spewing since 1801
- Mauna Loa is active. Partially located in the National Park "Hawaiian Volcanoes"
- Kilauea is active (constantly erupting since 1983). It is part of the Hawaiian Volcano National Park.
Thanks to the eruptions of the Kilauea volcano, Hawaii is still increasing. From January 1983 to September 2002, Lava streams increased the island by 220 hectares.
Useful tourist information
- Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park | Official website - NPS.GOV
- Visitor Information & Photos | volcanogallery.com.
- Hawai'i Volcanoes | Explore Guide (PDF)
- tourist information about the Hawaiian Islands - www.gohawaii.com
Address: Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Hi 96718, United States
Coordinates: 19 ° 23'00.0 "N 155 ° 12'00.0" W
Two roads connect two main cities - Hilo on the east coast and Caulua-Kon on the west coast of the island.
- State highways 19 and 190, the northern way through Vaima.
- State route 11, southern journey through the Hawaiian National Park of Volcanoes.
There are also state highways 270 (Cavaihaea - Havi) and 180 ("Coffee Road", see Engl Kona Coffee) from Honalo to the 190 road, Sadl Road (from Hilo in Vaima, passing by Mauna Loa and Mauna Kea), Saus Point Road (route 11 to the southern point of the USA), etc. Offices renting cars are available at international airports. There is also a taxi service. Free public transport is provided by Hele-On Bus
The main commercial ports are located in Hilo in the East and Cavaihae in the west of the island. Cruise liners are more likely to stop in Cailua-Kona.
Hawaii on fire - Since the beginning of May, the Volcano Kilauea will not stop erupting the Big Island. Because of seismic activity, another 13 volcanoes surround the archipelago. Now near Hawaii, it is impossible not only to fly (the ashes of the volcano can clog into the engines of the aircraft), but also swim, because the lava rivers flow into the water of the Pacific Ocean, forming toxic clouds.
The big island of Hawaii since the beginning of the month remains in the disaster zone. There is a raging one of the most active acting volcanoes in the world of Kilauea.
For three weeks, Lava flows spread 24 kilometers and reached the Pacific Ocean. In contact with the lava, sea water boils, forming clouds of acid evaporation, aqueous steam and glass particles.
Boiling water throws fiery fountains and fragments of lava. Splashes take off to a height of up to 30 meters.
However, before reaching the ocean, Lava destroyed about 50 residential buildings on its way and dozens of other buildings.
Due to the eruption from the territory, raised by the volcano, more than 2 thousand inhabitants were evacuated and the air transportation was canceled.
The lava rivers approached the geothermal power plant, providing a large island of 25% of all electricity. After that, the element reached the water about 5 kilometers east of the power plant.
On the east coast of the island, you can observe lava fountains that break out of cracks in a depth of 40 meters. Three weeks ago, the cracks were erupted not so intense. Volcanologists explained that then the remaining magma from past eruptions came out, and now - fresh lava, whose streams will erupt more powerful and higher.
Now the height of the Lava fountains can reach 100 meters, and volcanologists are confident that this is not the limit. In 1955, Kilauea eruption lasted several months, and now the story may repeat.
The authorities distribute masks that protect people from volcanic ash. This week, the first victim from the eruption appeared on the island. The man standing on the balcony of the third floor, received a serious trauma of his legs from the spray of lava.
Now the situation has deteriorated from the fact that methane began to leave from under the ground, it flashes and lights up. At any time, everything can end the explosion.
But at the same time it is not necessary to overestimate the scale of the eruption: one of the users Reddit clearly demonstrated them by publishing the following picture.
It is relatively young, but very active. Experts consider it the most active volcano in our time. His incessant eruption occurs since 1983.
General
The name of the Kilauea volcano translated from Hawaiian means "extinguishing". Its height is 1247 meters, there is a volcano near his "fellow" Manua-Loa, but differs from him lower increasing growth.
The beginning of the last eruption occurred on January 3, 1983 and still does not stop. Since 2011, there has been an intensive eruption activity.
At the top of the Kilauea volcano is a large caldera. This is a hollow with a size of 3 by 4 km. It has a crater, manifesting activity since 2008. Crater is called Halehaumau, he erupts a powerful pillars of gas and lava. Of course, this is not the only crater of the volcano, they are rich in the Western and Southeast Rift zones. There are also two cones with interesting names of Cupayanah and Puu-oo, of which the lava also flows.
The volcano has two fault zones: one stretches 125 km to the east, the second is 35 km in the western direction.
Beliefs of local residents
The inhabitants of the Hawaiian Islands have long worship the goddess Pele. It is considered a patronage of volcanoes and, according to legends, lives in the Kilauea volcano. At the first shudders of the elements of the native tribe, together with the oldest sorcerer rises to the top of Kilauea.
Lake lava Gentals call the "house of perpetual fire." Its fiery surface takes up, highlighting the streams of lava, gases and vapors. The natives with prayers of the goddess throw sacrifices (birds and gifts of the earth) into the boiling lake, called the "worshi" of the goddess. They appeal to the pele and ask to save them from the catastrophe. The natives believe that if you drop the goddess, it will be favorable and will not erupt the fiery lava.
By the name of the goddess named Lava products. For example, "Pele tears" is called miniature drops of lava, "hair" - strips chilled in the wind lava, "algae" - flowing lava in the ocean.
Element today
In the form of a volcano refers to the shield. This means that it was formed as a result of lava emissions. Liquid lava spreads to many kilometers, and "shield" is formed from its layers.
Volcano has several crater. The slope of the volcano is gentle, and you can climb, without having climbing skills. Many tourists indulge in this dangerous lesson risking their own lives. Of course, to see the eruption of the volcano - with nothing inclusiveness, but we must not forget that it is extremely dangerous next to the elements.
In recent years, Lava destroyed many trails and buildings. Of course, local residents adapted to specific living conditions. They install houses at piles. Ornito is considered very dangerous - these are such a taper, producing high temperature gases. Magma around them is distinguished by instability, and there is a risk to fail.
Participation of the volcano in the construction of the islands
Interesting the fact that the Hawaiian Islands themselves were formed as a result of several volcanoes. In fact, the islands are the peaks of extensive volcanoes that appeared from the oceanic depths. Similar geographical location of the islands is truly unique on the planet Earth.
Many Hawaiian volcanoes have more than 70 million years old. Kilauea among them is the youngest. It is located in the south-east of the Great Island. All the local volcanoes were erupted since ancient times, being in the waters of the ocean, and now their tops rise above sea level. Moreover, some are so high that many famous mountain peaks are superior.
Exception of volcano
Scientists emphasize the exclusiveness of the Kilauea volcano, calling it the most active in Hawaii. Currently he is the most active and on the entire planet.
Kilauea rose from the sea 100,000 years ago, after a series of eruptions. Previously, Kilauea was considered only the accompanying neighbor Manua Loa. However, later Kilauea found his own magmatic chamber. This "heart" of a volcano formed by the hot lava.
The overwhelming majority of Kilauea slopes are covered with frozen lava, whose age does not exceed 1000 years. Lava sections are mixed with rocks of rocks and ashes. A significant part of the mountain remains under water.
Eruption
In January 1983, a strong eruption of Kilauea volcano began in Hawaii. From the crater, called Puu-oo poured a lava in huge quantities. Such an eruption is considered the largest over the last 5 centuries in the field of eastern rift zone.
By the end of 2012, lava flows embraced 125.5 km 2, thereby destroying suitable land. The total area of \u200b\u200bthis territory was 202 hectares. Lava destroyed 214 buildings and eliminated 14.5 km of roads.
The eruption of the Kilauea volcano strongly affects the ecology of neighboring lands. Plants cease to grow due to the outpouring of the lava, and because of sulfuric gases, the winds, are acid rain. Especially such rains are frequent in the deserted south-western rift zone.
Tourist interest
Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii attracts many tourists. It is included in the local national park, where the crowds of extreme rest connoisseurs come out every year.
The park has laid more than 240 trails for tourists. Some of them are light, others - very long. According to one such trail, you can go to the inactive Kilauea crater, spent in 1959, cross it the bottom, passing the funnels frozen many years ago. Very fascinating route!
Not far from the entrance to the park is the Kilauea Information Center, where Rangers will tell a lot of interesting things from the life of volcanoes, and will also offer exciting tours to everyone. Here you can buy souvenirs.
Here is such a fire and dangerous volcano Kilauea, who attracts his unknown vulcanic scientists, and curious tourists from all over the world.
Olivina, found after the volcanic eruption. Source Photo: Twitter, @ geoetc2
When an active eruption of a volcano began in Hawaii, the whole world spoke about the natural incident. Photos and videos of the frightening and at the same time fascinating spectacle flew around the whole world. However, now there is a new reason for discussion: apparently, Kilauea gave the inhabitants of the Great Island with rain from precious stones.
Olivina (the general name of the Mine, to which Chrysolites relate, they are periodotes) are found in nature very often, they are mined in many countries on different continents. In Hawaii, there are even beaches, the sand of which casts green due to a large number of olivine grains, weathered from basalt rocks. Although, of course, the stones of jewelry quality - - find it is much more difficult.
Even on the topic
Precious Pantone Color Stones for Spring-Summer 2015
Green from Sand Olivines on the beach in Hawaii
Green Sand Olivines with Hawaiian Beach
Probably, during the eruption of Olivina volcano, usually born at a depth of about 400 meters, were thrown onto the surface with Loo. Considering that it is usually difficult to separate these stones from the breed, it is a sharp and fast release of a hot and very fast cooling lava freed the pieces of mineral by sending them to a free flight. Now the inhabitants of all the island's nearest to the volcano find a dozen tiny olivines per day.
It is worth noting that today is actively discussed by another position regarding the "precious rain" in Hawaii. Some scientists are inclined to the fact that the inhabitants of the island mistakenly adopted pieces of the cooled green lava for Olivina, and the stones found, most likely lay on the surface from the past eruption of another volcano - Capoche.
If you want to find a lot of olivines, the best way out is to go on one of the local beaches, where nature has already made all the work for us ...
Scott Rowland, Geologist
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