Heidelberg Castle - the legendary ruins of Germany. Heidelberg Castle and the biggest wine barrel in the world Heidelberg Castle

Heidelberg Castle (HEIDELBERGER Schloss) is first mentioned in 1225. Initially, there was one castle, however, at the beginning of the XIV century, it is mentioned about the existence of the upper and lower castle. The modern castle is the bottom, as it is believed, its construction was conducted at the end of the XIII - early XIV century. The castle served as the residence of the princes-Kurfürst Palatz.

In 1689-1693, during the war for the Palatinate legacy, the French troops of Louis XIV turned the castle in the ruins. Several attempts were made to restore the castle, but the lock remained in a dilapidated state. In 1720, the castle lost the status of the official princely residence. Significant damage to the castle struck lightning in 1764.

The castle remained in the state of romantic ruins until 1810, when the French patron of Charles de Gemberg decided to save and restore the castle. De Gremberg's activities have drawn over 50 years, turning Heidelberg Castle to one of the most popular tourist facilities in Germany. The final reconstruction to strengthen the castle was carried out in 1897-1900. For the twentieth century, Heidelberg castle remained a popular object, thanks to numerous tourists (especially from the USA and Japan). To date, the castle annually visits more than a million tourists. The castle is located on the popular German tourist route "Road Castles". The famous castle terraces of the castle, which offer a beautiful view of the Gaidelberg panorama and the valley of the Nizhny Rhine are most popular among arrivals.

Interesting facts about Heidelberg Castle

• In the wine cellar of the castle is the largest wine barrel in the world (so-called Geidelberg Barrel), capable of accommodating 212,422 liters of wine.
• One of the visitors of the castle was Mark Twain, It is assumed that this is what the trip along the Neckcar River inspired him to write one of the chapters "Adventures Geclberry Finn."
• Among the famous guests of the castle in 1415 was overthrown antipap John XXIII. Subsequently, the castle was visited Martin Luther and Victor Hugo.
• Being destroyed several timesAnd then partially restored, Heidelberg castle is a combination of various architectural styles.

Where is Heidelberg Castle?

Heidelberg Castle is located above the city of Heidelberg and the Valley of the Narka River, on the slope of Mount Königshtul, 57 kilometers south of Frankfurt.

Address:Schloss Heidelberg, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Telephone: 06221 - 538431

Website: Schloss-heidelberg.de.

How to get to Heidelberg Castle?

By car:
Move on the A5 or A6 highway in the direction of Heidelberg; Departure for autobahn 656, for which you will get to the center of Heidelberg.

By train:
Sit on the train to Mannheim, then you should transfer to the regional train to Heidelberg, which is just a 15-minute drive.

Opening hours Heidelberg Castle

• Courtyard of the castle and Heidelberg barrel: daily from 8.00 to 17.30.
• German Museum-Pharmacy: April - October from 10.15 to 18.00; November - March from 10.00 to 17.30.
• Special exhibitions about romanticism and medieval: daily from 9.30 to 17.30.

Tickets to Heidelberg Castle

• Walk around the courtyard of the castle, visits to Heidelberg barrels and the Museum-Pharmacy:

adult ticket 3 euros, children's 1.5 euros.

• Walking with a guide:

adult ticket 4 euros, children's 2 euros, family ticket 10 euros.

Lifting to the castle, you can use the cable car.

On the territory near the castle there are restaurant and cafes.

general information

The castle on Mount Königshtul was built by decree of the Emperor Friedrich II. Initially, two fortifications were erected on the slopes of the hill. The top appeared at the beginning of the XIII century, and the lower, which was preserved to the present day, at the turn of the XIII-XIV centuries. For several centuries, Heidelberg Castle served as the main residence of the pavement Kurfürst and was destroyed at the end of the XVII century.

Nowadays, there are many travelers from Germany and other countries of the world for sheaven legends. In the number of visitors, Ruins in the Valley of Nekcar are not inferior to Rome, the ancient monuments of Athens and the sights of Berlin.

The biggest interest of travelers causes the wing of Friedrich or Friedrichsbau, restored at the end of the XIX century. It restored the first floor where the imperial and knightly halls are located. In the chapel of the XVIII century today, the weddings of newlyweds on the Catholic ritual are carried out. Many tourists walk through the picturesque terraces of the destroyed Hortus Palatinus garden, which was previously called the "eighth miracle of the world." From here, excellent views of Heidelberg, the valley of the river and the Uppernein lowland are opened.

In Heidelberg Castle, the world's largest wine barrel made by local masters is kept. Its sizes are impressive - the barrel can accommodate more than 200 thousand liters of wine. In addition, a pharmacy museum is open in the basements of an old castle.

History of Heidelberg Castle

The first mention of the city of Heidelberg belongs to the end of the XII century. Exact historical data when one of the best palaces of Germany was erected, did not preserve, but the researchers suggest that this happened at the end of the XIII - early XIV century.

The Palatz rulers who lived in Heidelberg spent a lot of time and money, rebuilding and decorating their residence. Thanks to their efforts, the castle looked luxuriously on the mountain. During the reign of Louis V. The reformer of the church Martin Luther visited the reformer, and he left the most enthusiastic descriptions of Heidelberg Castle.

At the end of the XVII century, French troops under the control of King Louis XIV, wanting to capture the Pulatz control, several times attacked Heidelberg. In 1693, they won, turning the picturesque castle in the ruins.

The following Kurfures tried to restore the former greatness of old buildings, but at first there was not enough funds. In 1777, the castle lost the status of the residence, since the courtyard was transferred to Munich. The fortification facilities in Heidelberg finally abandoned, and uneasy times came for a rich castle. Buildings disassembled on stones, and valuable sculptures and interiors ruthlessly destroyed.

The Savior of the Historical Monument became the Count Charles de Gremberg. At the beginning of the XIX century, he first arrived in Heidelberg and remained in this city more than half a century. Count voluntarily looked after the old castle, preventing his looting. It is thanks to his mobility work, we can see what today is the pride of Germany.

Restoration of Ruins took up in the 1890s. Reconstruction took several years and was completed in 1900. After that, the ancient Heidelberg castle was made affordable for tourists.

Visitors

The territory of Heidelberg Castle is open daily from 10.00 to 18.00. It should be borne in mind that the last visitors are allowed for half an hour before closing. Excursions on the castle are carried out every hour: on weekdays from 11.00 to 16.00, and on Saturdays and Sundays from 10.00 to 16.00. A ticket for adults costs 7 €, a preferential ticket - 4 €, and a family ticket - 12.5 €. The use of audio activities in several languages \u200b\u200bcosts 5 €.

How to get

Heidelberg Castle towers in 80 m above the Neckar River Valley. From the central bus station Heidelberg by bus number 33 travelers drive up to the Bergbahn station, then in the tracks of the mountain railway (funicular) rises to the ruins of the castle to the Schloss station.

Address: Germany, G. Heidelberg
Foundation date: between 1294 and 1303 years
Main attractions: Ruprecht Palace, Bell Tower, Otto Palace Henry, Pharmaceutical Tower, Friedrich Palace, English Palace, Fat Tower, Gate Elizabeth, Powder Tower, Prison Tower
Coordinates: 49 ° 24 "37.9" N 8 ° 42 "55.7" E

In the German city of Heidelberg, the population of which does not exceed 150 thousand people, more than a million tourists come out annually. Their main goal is Heidelberg Castle, called many tourist prospectuses, as "the most legendary ruins of Germany."

Castle with bird's height

Most of the tourists who come to this small town, spread on the banks of the Neckcar River, is mainly from the inhabitants of the rising sun. Why they are most interested in Heidelberg castle, remains a mystery. But something manits the Japanese here, however, as well as tourists from other corners of the globe.

It is possible that the "most legendary ruins of Germany" is heated by numerous paintings written in the 19th century by talented artists. In fairness it is worth noting that the castle is almost similar to all the canvas on what can open a look for a modern tourist. And the matter is not at all in time: just the city and Heidelberg castle itself have any mystical impact on artists. They portrayed it in romantic, you can even say, fantastic style. For example, the artist William Turner has repeatedly came to Heidelberg to reproduce mystical ruins on the canvas.

View of the castle from the river Narkar

However, all the pictures are viewed by his own vision of the artist of Heidelberg Castle. The ruins captured on the canvas are very far from the original. Turner portrayed the castle not on the place where it is located. Modern specialists have proven that many paintings Heidelberg castle "Placed" on Mount Konigshtul 70-80 meters above. Apparently in this place there is really something mystical, which is capable of changing the worldview of man and his perception of the world around.

Heidelberg Castle - Construction and History

Among the modern historians to this day, disputes relating to the exact date, when the castle was built on Mount Königshtul. The city of Heidelberg is mentioned in the documents preserved to this day in the 1196th year, but the castle itself, apparently, was built in 1214th. In official sources, you can find a statement that construction was carried out by order of the Emperor Friedrich II. He was built as a gift of Palatsu Ludwig I. It is not possible to reliably specify a period of time in which one of the best courtyards of Germany, alas, is impossible. After the castle passed to the ownership of Palatsu Ludwig I, it was upset for another 400 years.

View of the castle from the north. From left to right: Bell Tower, Friedrich Palace, English Palace, Thick Tower

There are documents in which it is said that the castle was visited by the legendary Martin Luther. His description of the castle, otherwise, as enthusiastic, you won't call: in his letter to a friend, he described Heidelberg Castle as a majestic and impregnable construction with excellent rooms and a luxurious interior. Martin Luther's visit to Heidelberg and his beautiful castle came at the time of the board of Ludwig V. True, the period of the greatest flourish The Castle complex was worried when Kurfürst Friedrich V. came to power. After marriage with his beloved Elizabeth Stewart, he ordered even more expanding the castle and recreate to the sinful The land of the Paradise Garden, called "Hortus Palatinus".

The ruler believed that the human genius was able to create a garden near Heidelberg Castle, which would not be inferior to Edemsky, in the details described in the Bible. Before entering Hortus Palatinus, a wonderful gate was erected, named after the beloved Friedrich V. The draft of the majestic garden, which many called the eighth miracle of the world, belonged to the architect Salomonon de Coss. At Hortus Palatinus it was possible to meet luxury fountains, fabulous grots, pools. On two magnificent terraces have grown outlandic plants: even even olives were taken to the soft climate in Heidelberg.

View of the castle from the east. From left to right: Pharmaceutical Tower, Otto Palace Henry, Bell Tower

Friedrich V made a huge contribution to the construction of Heidelberg Castle and his luxurious garden, but his political views and caused the destruction of the majestic structure. Spouse Elizabeth Stewart in 1619 amented to the persuasion of Protestants and decided to rebel against the power of the Roman Empire. Pfalzgraf Friedrich V became the ruler of independent Bohemia. The Romans did not put together with the arbitrariness and literally immediately began a large-scale war. In those days, to withstand the onslaught of organized and the numerous Roman army did not succeed even in huge in its area and the population of states. The bloody battle of the army of the Roman Empire with the troops of Friedrich V. Kurfürst was defeated and was forced to escape with part of his supporters. Heidelberg's city and his wonderful castle remained without his leader. The fortification structure lasted only a few longer than the city, and was partially destroyed by Roman troops.

View of Friedrich Palace from the courtyard

Heidelberg Castle was not long and in the power of Romans. Already in 1633, the Swedes decided to take an impregnable building with a long siege. The Roman troops did not give up, and the Swedes from the artillery guns began to stop the castle. The garrison was forced to surrender, but the destruction, which Heidelberg castle was subjected to terrifying. But the most terrible times for the castle were still ahead ...

In 1689, the castle in Heidelberg was practically erased from the face of the Earth. The French, who decided to capture the city and the territory adjacent to it, laid the most powerful powder charges under its walls. The explosions were shocked by the air: on the site of the once majestic Heidelberg castle, alone ruins were left.

As is known from the history, in 1777, the courtyard of Kurfürst Bavaria was transferred to Munich. For this reason, Heidelberg Castle became not needed by the rulers and was officially deprived of the status of the residence. The population of the city was allowed to disassemble the ruins of the castle on the stones and use them for their own purposes. In those days, the invaluable interior items were irrevocably lost, uniquely in kind of architectural elements, which were decoration of the castle.

View of Otto Henry Palace from the courtyard

Speaking of the difficult story of the castle, it is impossible not to remember Charles de Gerberg. Before the early 19th century, this person, without receiving any fee from the government, was a voluntary caulier of the majestic sights of Germany. It is thanks to it to this day the ruins have reached, some parts of the building and sculptures that volunteer defended from looting.

Naturally, with the ruins of the castle, it was necessary to do something, and in 1890 the extensive commission was created, which included leading German architects and historians. After long meetings, the Commission issued a disappointing verdict: the full recovery of Heidelberg castle is simply impossible. Huge costs, lack of building material, loored values \u200b\u200bhave become the main reasons for the failure of specialists from full reconstruction. By the way, from 1897 to 1900, only the reconstruction of Friedrich wing was carried out. These works cost the government of 520 thousand brands, and this is despite the fact that Friedrichsbau wing was not completely destroyed. Works in those days were led by architect and restorer Karl Shefer.

Powder tower

Heidelberg castle - our days

As mentioned above, since the beginning of the 20th century, crowds of tourists reached in Heidelberg. The city castle caused and causes in our time genuine interest. Explain such increased attention to the "legendary ruins of Germany", despite their interesting and difficult history, is still quite difficult. Heidelbean castle collects a record number of tourists annually and is worthy competition The sights of Rome, Athens and even the capital of Germany.

In the oldest part of the castle, called in the tourist avenues of the wing of Ruprecht, modern tourists can see the fireplace, referring to the era of the Renaissance. The entrance to this part of the castle decorate the sculptures of the angels. Naturally, the renovated Friedrich wing is the greatest interest, the facade of which is decorated with numerous and high-quality sculptures of Kurfürst. In addition, it is preserved to the present day and the remains of the two once majestic terraces of the Hortus Palatinus garden. Alas, almost all beautiful fountains, gazebos, pools were destroyed during the Swedish Artillery Shelling.

Thick Tower

Heidelberg castle is a place where the biggest wine bar is located on our planet. This attraction is stored in the Guinness Book of Records, in one of the basements. Tourists fall into a state of a dumb shock, when they learn from the guide its volume - almost 213 thousand liters of wine fit in it! This barrel was performed by Werner back in 1751. In order to make the most huge wine barrel in the world, the master had to treat more than 130 massive oak stems.

The symbol of the city of Halderberg became symbol, rise in 80 m above the plain on the banks of the Neckar River. Although the architectural masterpiece in the Gothic style, destroyed at the end of the XVII century, could not restore, the ability to explore from the inside worldwide ruins attract millions of tourists annually.

Partially restored, Khaidelberg (Heidelbergsky) Castle excites imagination primarily by its turbulent history, eclipsed by the art of his builders. The legendary served as the House of Friedrich V and Elizawa Charlotte Pafaltsky (Filipp I, Duke Orleans). Later he became a source of inspiration for Martin Luther, Goethe, Mark Twain and many other writers, poets and artists.

Myths and Facts

The first mention of the castle in Heidelberg is found in the documents of 1225. The next 300 years of the structure of the complex was complemented and rebuilt. The oldest of the preserved parts of the castle - the Tower of Pulveraturm and Ruprechtsbau - refer to the XIV century. Great with the festive hall built Otto-Heinrich in the XVI century.

The fate of the castle is closely gossipped with the rulers of the Palatin (the ancient region of Germany, known as the Sacred Roman Empire). At the beginning of the XVII century, they were the main players on the political scene. Ruprecht III, becoming the king of the empire, transformed the castle in his residence. Next to the palace was a magnificent garden, recognized at that time "the eighth miracle of the world", which would undoubtedly eclipses the glory.

But the castle was waiting for a number of poor events. Who said that lightning does not fall twice in the same place? In 1537 and in 1764. The lightning strike almost destroyed what was not able to destroy during the war in 1688-1689.

What to see

On the top of the hill, from where a wonderful panorama of the city of Heidelberg, can be reached by the funicular. Unfortunately, intricate gardens did not avoid the fate of the castle, but on numerous terraces on the slope of the mountain, where there were once a variety of flower beds, green labyrins and arbors, you can find the remains of grottoes, sculptures and fountains.

In order not to miss the interesting features of the complex, I recommend to join the excursion, which includes a visit to the Museum of History of the Haydelberg Castle, located in the Palace of Ruprecht, an old library, the Pharmaceutical Museum in Otto-Henrich, the Palace of Friedrich and a visit to several halls and a chapel, where it is held today annually About 100 wedding ceremonies.

Khaidelberg castle boasts the largest wine barrel in the world and the dance floor on it. She was built by the German master Werner by order of Karl Theodore in 1751. Barrel seven meters high and eight and a half meters long made of 130 oak trunks and accommodates 212,422 liters.

Three times in the summer of the sky over Halderberg lights up the outbreak of fireworks in memory of three fires in 1689, 1693 and 1764. (On the first Saturday of June and September, and in the second Saturday of July). In the festive chamber of the castle, solemn events and balls are arranged, and summer festivals are held in the courtyard. There are also several restaurants within the palace.

In the fall in Germany, you can visit the Halloween festival in, in winter, in my opinion, it looks especially charuly, moreover, at that time there are fewer tourists, and nearby, in a quiet town at the foot of the Bavarian Alps, a great place to relax at any time of the year.

Haydelberg Schloss (Heidelberger Schloss) is open daily from 8.00 to 18.00. Museum - from 10.00.
The cost of a combined ticket (funicular, castle, the pharmaceutical museum): 5 €, students and children up to 15 years - 2 €. For 4 € An audio tour is offered in 7 languages \u200b\u200b(including in Russian).
Official site:

- Long and diligently rebuilt the castle in the German town of Heidelberg. This is understandable: times when there were more important than powerful walls, and all slept on straw, including noble knights, gone. A severe asceticism of Gothic was left with them, to change which the elevation of the Renaissance and the bauroco strife was. But how did those who made an inlaid box made from the castle! Wars returned, and the castle turned into ruins. Now considered the most luxurious in all Germany.

Mixing styles and feelings

Heidelberg Castle - a collection of fragments of the era of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque, visually reflecting the presentation of the rulers of German lands about the beautiful in architecture.

Heidelberg Castle stands on the northern slope of Königshtul Mountain (royal throne), towering on 80 m above the city of Heidelberg, which settled in the valley of the Narka River, flowing through the Uppernein lowland. The river leaves the valley and goes to the plain, in order to merge with Rhine 20 km to the north-west of Heidelberg.

The famous red sandstone is mined in Königshtul quarries, which attached a characteristic view of a local architecture. From it, historical buildings are built in many nearby cities and villages, of which the most famous - Heidelberg castle.

The history of Heidelberg Castle begins, probably in the XI or XII century. The place called Heidelberg was first mentioned in 1196, although there are information that the castle on the northern slope of Mount Königshtul by that time was already standing built at the end of the XI - early XII century. Then Heidelberg belonged to Bishopotia Worms along with the castle, but he is the predecessor of the current one - has not yet been proven.

The only testimony pointing to the approximate time of the emergence of the castle is a document on medieval Latin, dating from 1225, which refers to the "Castle in the city of Heidelberg". From the text it follows that the Bavarian Duke of Ludwig I Kelheimsky (1173-1231) from the genus Vittelsbach received it in 1214 as a gift from his suzerena - King of Germany and the emperor of the Sacred Roman Empire of Friedrich II Staufen (1194-1250).

With Ludwig II strict (1253-1294), Heidelberg became the capital of the land owned by the pental kneuffers, and Heidelberg Castle turned into their residence.

In document 1294, the castle refers to the same castle, and in document 1303 - already about two on the same grief. Historians were divided into an opinion, which of the castles to consider the ancestor to the fact that now lies in the ruins on the slope of the mountain: the castle of construction up to 1214 or the one that is built between 1294 and 1303.

Anyway, Heidelberg castle is called today that is located closer to the foot of Königshtul Mountain and therefore is known as the "bottom lock". Another castle is "Upper" - built on another top of the mountain - Klein Gaisberg. In 1537 he was destroyed by a lightning strike. Today at this place the hotel.

In 1400, Kurfürste Ruprecht III (1352-1410) became King of Germany, Heidelberg - the capital of the country, and the castle - the royal palace. King Ruprecht III rebuilt the simple and close castle, the Ruplecht Palace appeared in it, whose ruins have survived to the present day.

In the middle of the XVI century, in the Epoch of Renaissance, Kurfürst Friedrich II (1482-1556) redid the castle in the Spirit of time: with Renaissance arcades and Venetian mirrored glasses. From the whole of the old splendor, the fireplace is preserved 1546

Kurfürste Otto Heinrich (1502-1559) built his palace already in the ancient style: with numerous sculptures on the facade.

The latter - the most original - the landscaping of the castle was the Kurfürst Friedrich V (1596-1632). Marrying the daughter of the English king Elizabeth Stewart, he removed to recreate a corner in Germany for her. So the English Palace appeared, built along the canons of palladian architecture, in the style of the famous English architect Inigo Jones.

And then the thirty-year war began to 1618-1648, and the castle entered into the era of destruction.

In captivity of time

In his essay dedicated to Heidelberg, the great French writer Viktor Hugo (1802-1885) wrote about the castle: "That only did not happen to survive! Throughout the five hundred years, he precipitated all sorts of adversity, shocked Europe, until he collapsed under their severity. "

The thirty-year-old war for the redistribution of Europe began for Heidelberg due to the fact that the authorities hastily conducted a revision of his defense capability. By the beginning of the war, it consisted of several lines of protective walls and shafts, two fortress bastions and several outdoor towers. Advisors Friedrich V reported to Kurfürst that in a militarity the castle did not imagine anything. With a heavy heart, Kurfürst left his favorite residence and went to war. The victims defeat in the battle on the white grief of 1620, Friedrich V fled, throwing troops and leaving the castle defenseless.

This circumstance was used by General of the Imperial Catholic Army, Johann Tilly, in 1622 who captured the castle. Catholicism again introduced in the city, and the university was closed. Left unattended, Heidelberg Castle with all his palaces was looted and slowly vest.

In 1633, the Swedes who joined the war led to the castle of artillery and began to systematically destroy it, although no military necessity was felt.

Only after the end of the war and signing the Westphalian world, the castle was left alone, left alone.

In 1649, Karfurst Karl I Ludwig (1617-1680), and for him and Karl II (1651-1685) began to restore Heidelberg from the consequences of the war. The castle decided to leave at last, and as a result he did not turn out to be restored.

The war was prevented for the Palatinate legacy of 1688-1697. The French king Louis XIV - for the land of the deceased childless Karlie II. The French captured Heidelberg twice and destroyed the castle completely.

After the conclusion of the Rubvik world, 1697. The castle was removed to disassemble for the construction of a new palace in the city, but refused due to the technical difficulties of the plan. But the castle itself partially restored.

In 1764, he brutally suffered from a fire during a thunderstorm.

In the future, Heidelberg castle if they were repaired, then partially, and in general it gradually collapsed. And when in the second half of the XVIII century. The authorities began to use stone blocks from the fortifications of the southern shaft for the construction of the castle in Schvetsingen, there really could not stand ordinary citizens and rushed to take the ruins for economic buildings.

From the final defeat of the castle saved French Graf Charles de Gramber - enthusiast, an amateur historian who lived next to him half a century, who defended him from destruction until 1822, who sent engravings with the types of the castle and actually returned to him last glory.
Systematic work on the restoration and preservation of the castle began only in 1897-1900, when it sacrificed a huge amount (520 thousand marks) German architect Carl Schaeter.

Studies have shown that the full recovery of the lock is impossible. But you can strengthen the remaining fragments of the castle.

Currently, the Palace of Ruprecht is preserved in a strongly ruined state - the oldest building, Otto Henry Palace with a rich finish of the facade, Friedrich Palace with the statues of representatives of the Kurfürst on the facade. As well as the Lustgarten Park, laid down at Friedrich V, dreamed of creating a paradise garden on Earth.

Currently, Ruins guard the organization "State Palaces and Parks of the Land of Baden-Württemberg". Every summer, the Castle is conducted theatrical festival.

The ruins attend annually more than a million people who attract the castle with terraces, from where the panorama of the city and part of the Uppernein lowland offers.

ATTRACTIONS

Ruins of Heidelberg Castle:

■ Ruprecht Palace - Ruprechtsbau (beginning of the XV century).

■ Princely terrace (XVI century).

■ Weapon (XVI century).

■ Bell tower (early 1500s.).

■ Mirror hall (1549).

■ Otto Henry Palace - Ottinerichsbau (midxvi century), in it - the German Pharmacy Museum (branch of the Pharmaceutical Museum, 1957).

■ Pharmaceutical Tower (until 1600).

■ Friedrich Palace - Friedrichsbau (1601-1607).

■ English Palace - Enlisherbau (1620).

■ Brunhenhall Gothic loggia taken from Charles Great Palace in Ingelheim.

■ Library.

■ King Hall.

■ Thick tower.

■ Elizabeth Gate (1615).

■ Powder tower (XVII B,).

■ Prison tower (1603).

■ Lower fountain (second half of the XVIII century).

Parks:

■ Lustcarten, Pataltz garden, tool.

Heidelberg City:

■ Valley of the Neckar River.

■ Benedictine Abbey Neuburg (about 1130).

■ Heidelberg University (1386).

■ Evangelical Church of St. Spirit (1398-1515).

■ Heidelberg Observatory (1774).

Curious facts

■ The district of Heidelberg is the oldest habitat of primitive man in Europe. In 1907, the lower jaw of the ancestor of the Neanderthal, the European version of the Homo Erectus) was found to southeast of Heidelberg. Professor Otto Sesausezak from Heidelberg University identified a sample and gave him the name Heidelberg man. The age of findings is about 600 thousand years. Heidelberg people hunted large mammals with spears, but they apparently did not use fire.

■ The beginning of the famous library of Heidelberg University laid a chest with ancient manuscripts, bought on the occasion of the first rector of the University of Martily Martily Ingen in 1388, and behind him - the book assembly of Kurfürste Heidelberg Castle. Today, the funds of the Heidelberg Library include over 6 million books, about 44 thousand electronic journals
and 1,500 databases.

■ All the time spent on the throne of Germany King Ruprecht III, who began the landscaping of Heidelberg Castle, desperately needed money, because he lived by means. It came to the point that for the organization of war with Italy, he lent money secured by imperial regalia and the royal silver service. To cover the debts of the king, after his death, the family sold the royal crown and family jewels.

■ In the first half of the XVI century. The reformist ideas Martin Luther became popular in Heidelberg. Martin Luther himself visited the castle, where he met Wolfgang, the brother of the Palatinate Kurfürst Ludwig V (1478-1544). Subsequently, Martin Luther in the most enthusiastic colors described the beauty of the castle and exalted the power of its fortifications.

■ Original architectural solution ordered for the castle Kurfurst Frederich IV (1574-1610). According to his requirement, the nature of architectural orders must correspond to the appointment of individual parts of the building. Therefore, Tuscan columns are drawn up the facade of the Church, the Doric order is designed for the apartments of the Kurfürst, and Ionian is his spouse.

■ Since 1751 in the basement of the lock, the world's largest wine barrel in a capacity of 212,422 liters in the world, for the manufacture of which went 130 oak stems. For supplying wine to the imperial hall, a pipeline was equipped.

■ The name of the city of Heidelberg literally from German means "Golubika Mountain".

General

Location: Southwest Germany.
Administrative location: G. Heidelberg, Land Baden-Württemberg.
Status: historical and architectural monument.
Construction: up to 1214 or in 1294-1303.
Language: German. Ethnic composition: Germans.
Religion: Protestantism.
Monetary unit: euro.

Numbers

Height over y. M.: 200 m. Hall of the Palace of Ruprecht: Length - 34.65 m, width - 16.70 m, height - 7.4 m.
Thick Tower: wall thickness - 7 m, diameter - 28 m, height - 12 m.
Prison tower: wall thickness - 2.75 m, diameter - 10 m, height - 19.5 m.
Number of visitors: OK. 1 million per year (2015 g).

CLIMATE

Moderate marine climate.
The average temperature of January: + 2.5 ° C.
Average tempera: + 20.5 ° C.
The average annual amount of precipitation: 770 mm.