What power is the pyramids of Heops. The Pyramid of Cheops

The first miracle of the light of all time, one of the main structures of our planet, place full of secrets and mysteries, the point of permanent pilgrimage of tourists - Egyptian pyramids and in particular the Hueops pyramid.

The construction of the giant pyramids, of course, was far from the lungs. The huge efforts of a large number of people were applied to deliver stone blocks on the Plateau Giza or Saccar, and later to the valley of the kings, which became a new necropolme of Pharaoh.

Currently there are order of hundreds found pyramids in Egypt, but the finds continue, and their number is constantly increasing. At different times, one of the 7 wonders of the world was understood by different pyramids. Someone meant all the pyramids of Egypt as a whole, someone's pyramids near Memphis, someone three large pyramids of Giza, and the most critics recognized only the largest pyramid of Heops.

Earthlife of ancient Egypt

One of the central moments in the life of the ancient Egyptians was a religion, which formed the entire culture as a whole. Special attention was paid to the afterlife, perceived as an obvious continuation of the life of the earth. That is why preparing for life after death began long before it, was put as one of the main life tasks.

According to the ancient Egyptian faith, a person had several shower. The soul performed as the Double Egyptian, with whom he was to meet in the afterlife. The soul of Ba binds to the man himself, and left his body after death.

Religious life Egyptians and God Anubis

At first it was believed that the right to life after death is only by Pharaoh, but he could give this "immortality" with his approximations, which were usually buried next to the tomb of Lord. It was not destined to get to the world of the dead, the exception was only slaves and servants, which Pharaoh "took" with themselves, and which were depicted on the walls of the Great Tomb.

But for a comfortable life after the death of the dead, it was necessary to provide everything necessary: \u200b\u200bfood, homemade utensils, servants, slaves and much more needed for the average pharaoh. They also tried to keep the body of a person so that the soul of BA could later connect with him again. Therefore, in matters of body safety and balsaming and the creation of complex tomb-pyramids were born.

The first pyramid in Egypt. Pyramid Josra

Speaking about the construction of the pyramids in ancient Egypt as a whole, it is worth mentioning the beginning of their history. The very first pyramid in Egypt was built about five thousand years ago on the initiative of Pharaoh Josra. It is in these 5 millennia that the age of the pyramids in Egypt is evaluated. The construction of the Pyramid of Josher was led by the famous and legendary imhehotep, which in the late century was even deed.

Pyramid Josra

The entire complex of the built building occupied an area of \u200b\u200b545 by 278 meters. In the perimeter, it was charged with a 10-meter wall with a 14th gate, only one of which were real. The center of the complex was located the pyramid of Goser with 118 meters away by 140 meters. Joser's pyramid height - 60 meters. Almost 30-meter depth was the burial chamber to which the corridors with many branches were led. In the rooms of branches were kept utensils and sacrifices. Here, archaeologists have found three bas-relief of the Pharaoh Josra itself. Near the Eastern Wall of the Pyramid of Goser were found 11 small funeral cameras intended for the royal family.

Unlike the famous large pyramids, Giza, Josra Pyramid had a stepped form, as if intended for the addende of Pharaoh to heaven. Of course, this pyramid is inferior to the fame and sizes of the pyramid of Heops, but still the contribution of the very first stone pyramid to the culture of Egypt is difficult to overestimate.

The Pyramid of Cheops. History and brief description

But still the most famous for the usual population of our planet located nearby three Pyramids of Egypt - Hefrena, Mekerin and the largest and most high pyramid in Egypt - Heops (Houfou)

Pyramids Giza

Pyramid Pharaoh Heops was built near the city of Giza, currently being suburb of Cairo. When the peyramid of Heops was built, now it is impossible to say for sure, and research gives a strong scatter. In Egypt, for example, the date of the beginning of the construction of this pyramid is officially celebrated - August 23, 2480 to our era.

Hope and Sphinx Pyramid

On the construction of a miracle of light, the pyramid of Heops was simultaneously involved about 100,000 people. For the first ten years of work, the road was built, on which huge stone blocks were delivered to the river and underground facilities of the pyramid. Work on the construction of the monument itself continued on about 20 years.

Cheap pyramid sizes in Giza are striking. Heopsy pyramid height initially reached 147 meters. Over time, due to falling asleep with sands and loss of cladding, it decreased to 137 meters. But even this figure allowed her for a long time to remain the highest structure of a person in the world. The pyramid has a square base with a side of 147 meters. For the construction of this giant, it took 2,300,000 limestone blocks that have an average of 2.5 tons.

How was the pyramids in Egypt?

The construction technology of the pyramid is controversial and in our time. The versions differ from the invention in the ancient Egypt concrete to the construction of the pyramids of aliens. But still it is believed that the pyramids built a person solely with his power. So for the mining of stone blocks, first in the rock outlined the form, the grooves hollow out and a dry tree was inserted into them. Later, the tree was poured with water, it expanded, a crack was formed in the rock, and the unit was separated. Then it was processed to the necessary tools and sent along the river to the construction site.

Daria Nessel | Dec 21, 2016

Hope's pyramid (Pyramid Hufu) - one of the most famous and only reached to the present day, to contemplate which everyone who arrived in Cairo. Its age dates back to about 2500 years BC. About fifty hundred years, she rises, surprising and amazing in their sizes, in the burning Egyptian desert. The study of this unique complex is engaged in not one century. Not one generation of Egyptologists and Archaeologists "broke a lot of copies" disputes of its purpose and methods of construction. Thanks to the pyramid of the huof (which the Greeks called Heops) appeared science pyramidology. Adepts of non-traditional teachings, Mages of all time also put forward their conjectures describing the genesis of this grand creation.

Version of the methods of construction of the pyramid of Heops

The Heopse pyramid was built by architect and head of Hemioune, cousin or nephew of the Supreme Ruler. The methods used by the Egyptians during its construction were forgotten and lost due to wars, civil workers, adverse weather conditions that fell into ancient Egypt, when there were no memories from the former wealth and power.

There is a lot of interpretations explaining how Heops's Pyramid was built. The first suggested Herodotus, visiting Egypt in the V century D.N.E. And leaving a detailed description of what seen. According to him, more than 100,000 slaves were involved at the construction site, many of whom were killed in this hard work. With the help of levers from the tree, they raised huge basalt blanks to the desired level. This option does not withstand critics, as it is problematic to present such levers that can withstand almost three-tons and raise it to a height of more than 140 meters (residents of the Nile Valley of that time did not know what the wheel and block).

Another version is the use of embankments, built around the construction as it is growth. If you adhere to this point of view, the volume of completed earthworks will also require a huge amount of workers.

Meanwhile, the most modern archaeological finds indicate that the village was located near the construction site, where about 4500 people were constantly employed at the construction of the tomb. These people were not slaves, they fed well and they had good dwellings. It is assumed that temporary work was used to 20,000 Egyptians at the end of agricultural work.

The third is the use of a spiral outer ramp around the perimeter. But its use did not give an explanation, as the inner chamber was made, where the sarcophag of Pharaoh, located 50 m above the base, and where one relatively narrow corridor leads.

Pyramid Hofu - Sparkling Crystal Egypt

Hope's pyramid in Egypt is a geometric body with a square base of a perimeter of 922 m, with a height from the base of 146 m (initial, now 138 m). The angle of inclination of its geometrically ideal faces was 51 degrees. It is lined with limestone blocks of 2.5 tons.

The center has three rooms from five-tailed polished granite blocks, in one of which is Pharaoh's sarcophag. The appointment of two smaller chambers above it is unknown. According to the last assumptions, they serve as a shock absorber that does not allow to crush the "king". All in the cavity of the building, except for the tunnel leading to the rooms and down below the base, as well as two ventilation flops is completely filled with monoliths.

Until 1168, the hollow tomb was lined with polished elements made of soft material, which made it similar to the crystal sparkling under the rays. In the future, the facing was used by the Cairo to restore their city after the invasion of the Arabs. The total weight of the monument resting on a cut-down rock, over 5 million tons. Even with advanced technologies and technology, it is difficult to imagine, the way to firmly construct this miracle of architecture.

Hope's Pyramid Creating theory

French architect Jean Pierre Ruden became interested in Pyramid Houf in 1999 and dedicated her 10 years of his hard work. As a professional designer, he wanted to deal with what technical techniques were used by people almost 5,000 years ago when it was erected. The result of his survey was the conclusion: the ancient Egyptians were used in the construction of an internal ramp, growing together with the pyramid and repeated its perimeter, with an inclination angle not higher than 7 degrees (the rise is cooler makes it impossible to move the stone parallelepipeds on wooden rolls and polls).

Imprumped execution of geometric proportions Jean Pierre explained the fact that the facial polished blocks were first put on the outlined lines, then there were still two inner rows of already unlipped, but correctly marked plates, and then filling the empty space of a roughly dug limestone. His theory gave an explanation as raised and installed at a 50-meter height of the granite parallelepipeds of the Faracon's burial chamber.

This theory would be recognized as reliable and final if there were emptiness in the thickness of the Heops pyramid, which remained after the cessation of construction and testifying to the presence of internal ramps. But so far there is no such confirmation.

All experts agree that some of the pyramid of Hufa are fulfilled at a high technological level, unrealized 4000 years ago. So, for example, the granite pieces of construction are cut from the rock with such an accuracy that even the blade of the knife is not possible in the gap between them.

Many questions are caused by the very fact of the burial hood: the granite sarcophagus for his mummy was not dodel, was performed without proper care, and no trace of burial was found. The presence in the laying of 15 and 35 ton stones from granite also does not find their explanation. Such inconsistencies gave rise to theories about the divine origin of the pyramid in Giza. Since the end of the 19th century, the Hueops pyramid has become a place of pilgrimage of followers of various esoteric trends and fond of magic, proclaiming its habitat of spirits and demons.

Edgar Casey, the most famous of all occultists (1877-1945) proclaimed that they created atlanta for 10,000 years before AD, to escape from the World Flood, and that the lost wisdom of highly developed civilization was concluded.

The beginning of the Space Era gave birth to the uncession about the involvement of the alien to its construction. The most popular author of one of such conclusions The Swiss Erich von Daniken pushed himself a hypothesis that heopsy pyramid was designed by aliens to store bodies of those who died on Earth representatives of foreign civilizations; And the God of Armenia, who worshiped the local population, is an aliens, and all myths and religion of this period are simply a distorted reflection of reality. A thorough geometric and astronomical study led to unexpected discoveries that can be attributed to or to random coincidences or to laws:

• the ratio of base to height is approximately 3.14 (PI number);
• the direction of the corridor and ventilation mines coincides with the location of the polar star in the sky, Sirius and Alnin stars.

The latter led to the appearance of the theory that the peyramid of Heops was nothing more than an astronomical observatory.

In the 60-70s of the 20th century. A new burst of interest to this object occurred due to the experiment of Cech Karel Dribal, who placed inside the cardboard copy (15 cm) of the pyramid stupid razor, and after a few days the initial sharpness was returned to him.

When the stones were removed near the pyramid of the huof, they noticed the closed triangular chamber, consisting of heavy limestone plates. It was in 1955. Raising the plate with the image of the Jeffer, found a huge freight, consisting of 1224 parts. It was a big boat from the Lebanese cedar. It consisted of 2 cabins, could swim through water while controlling 10 veins. Fragments from acacia required repair. Frequently collected 10 years. In 1971, she was put in the museum of solar turbines.

There was a second chamber, it was not opened for a long time. But in 1987, the radar found another smaller boat. It is poorly preserved. In 2008, allocated money on excavations, in 2011 its details raised upstairs.

The ancient Egyptian pyramids are the most mysterious and unusual buildings in the entire history of mankind. As they were built and for what, their external and internal description - questions, exciting scientists for many years. Hope's pyramid is the largest of all the pyramids, a monument of architecture.

The unequivocal and proven version, as these huge giants were built, does not exist today. But there is a mass of hypotheses and assumptions, each of which has both evidence and contradictions.

Preparation for construction

The pyramids were built from stone blocks. Some believed that all blocks were the same sizes. But the theory was refuted. Preparation for construction included the extraction of such stone blocks from the rocks. To do this, painted on the rock the form of the future block, hollow out with chisels and krchki at the edges of the border and inserted into them the wood.

Later, the tree was filled with water, as a result of which it swamped, and the rock from the voltage was cracked at a given boundary. The block was then separated.

Also, during preparation, the markup of the Earth was drawn with the designation of the four sides of the pyramid. They tried to outline so that they were focused on the sides of the world. Then the platform was leveled under the base.

For this, the shaft of the square shape made of sand and stones was erected. Next, we divided this square to equal parts and filled with it with water. The stones that were under water were removed, and the trenches laid the new layer of stones, which served as the foundation of the tomb.

Working with stone

The obtained blocks were thoroughly treated to obtain the necessary form. Further on the river, the blocks were transported to the construction site. Studies have shown that the stones had a mass suitable for moving. After proceeded to construction, starting from the lower tier. Setting the blocks, the problem of lifting blocks on the following levels arose.

The peyramid of Heops was built by tremendous efforts with minimal accessible technologies at that time.

As the Egyptians raised stones, there are many theories. Part of the scientists believe that 4 specially built brick ramps were used for lifting. Some suggested that Rampus was 1. Opponents of theory approve the impossibility of the existence of such devices and suggest that there were lifted mechanisms. Although this version did not find evidence.

Pyramid drawings

Numerous drawings and diagrams on stone blocks also leave a lot of questions. In addition to the pictures of people and gods, pictures of unknown technical structures and incomprehensible devices were discovered. There are specimens resembling a modern helicopter. There are whole huge portraits.

Painting technology also remains a mystery. After all, some parts of the drawings are darker, and some are lighter: unknown ways have been used to dry or darken the surface of the stone. Many unsolved paintings and recordings exist today. Most researchers tend to assume that drawings are a secret message for a modern person.

Where is the pyramid of Heops on the map?

Heopsy pyramid, whose description fascinates, is the only one of the "seven miracles of the world", which has been preserved to this day. It is located in the city of Giza in Egypt.

To date, on the map, Gizu is denoted as a suburb of Cairo. It is located 30 km from the capital.

The history of the pyramid and her age

Hope's pyramid is the oldest and largest of the 3 pyramids located on the Plateau Giza. The pyramids are known to be built as the somb of pharaohs in order to ensure good and comfortless life of the rulers in the afterlife.

For the construction of the pyramid passed several decades. Scientists are still arguing how much.

Some believe that the construction was carried out for about 20 years. But the scale of the pyramid and the term of the rule of the pharaoh of Heops (he managed by the construction itself) give reason to assume that the work took all 40 years. Herodotus and his associates believed that slaves were the main builders, a large number of which died at the construction site.

Modern researchers, on the contrary, believe that the free Egyptians constituted most workers. After all, Heops provided them with housing and nutrition during work. And the main reason was the spiritual component: everyone sought to show his involvement in the shrine of the immortal ruler, because only Pharaoh and his surroundings were right to immortality and life after death.

And participating in the construction of the tomb, people hoped for the favor of the gods or Pharaoh himself, wishing to be part of the suite. The architect is considered to be Neopse's nestman - Hemion, who worked in a scrupulously over the project, calculating everything to the smallest details. Perhaps this explains the durability of the pyramid.

The age of the pyramid is about 4500 years. A date of commencement of construction is considered on August 23, 2560 BC. This day is considered a national holiday in Egypt.

Appearance and sizes of pyramid, characteristics

The overall sizes of the pyramid are affected by their scale: the base area is 53 thousand square meters. The m. The height is 138.8 m, although initially the construction was above another 9 m, but after many hundreds of years of landing and sandy storms contributed to the partial destruction of the peak of the pyramid. The base is 230 m, the rib length is 230 m. Volume - 2.58 million cubic meters. m.

Hope's pyramid is adjacent to 2 others: Hefren's pyramid and Mencar Pyramid. Also, the other architecture monument is also located - large Sphinx, the description of which also contains inexplicable facts.

The data of 3 pyramids Giza are shown in the table:

Name Pyramid	Construction time	Height of the pyramid
Heops Pyramid (Hufu)	XXVI century BC.	138.8 M.
Pyramid Hefrena	Mid XXVI century BC	143.9 M.
Pyramid Mencar (Micherina)	2540-2520 BC.	66 M.

The body of the pyramid is built of limestone and granite blocks. From above it was covered with sparkling facing, and the peak was decorated with a gold stone. Currently neither facing nor the decoration of the tops are preserved.

What is inside the pyramid of Heops

Hoeop's pyramid, a description of the appearance of which is given above, also has a complex internal device with rooms and corridors.

It contains:

• Underground funeral pit.
• The ward of the king.
• The Chamber of the Queen.
• Large gallery.
• Ventilation channels.
• Unloading cameras.
• The entrance is original.
• Login for tourists.
• Moves or corridors.

Entrance to the pyramid

All the ancient Egypt tomb have an entrance from the northern side. Hope's pyramid is no exception. The entrance is located at an altitude of 16-17 m, has a non-rapid angle of inclination: it is with such a slope of the Egyptians who could observe the polar star.

This original entrance to the tomb is not used and embedded with a stone cork.

Tourists today come inside through the entrance, located 10 m below, made by Abdullah al-Mamun, who wanted to enrich the treasures of Pharaoh. For the convenience of tourists, the main passage was equipped with railings, steps, conducted lighting.

Burial Yama

At the intersection point of both inputs, ascending and downward corridors begin. The downward paves the path in the tomb, which is located underground and is a room with dimensions of 14 to 8 m.

Engineers conducted additional excavations from this room and dug the well and another narrow passage, hoping to detect the body of Heops. However, their attempts failed. The funeral pit was not completed and broken. A decision was made, the main chamber of burial to equip in the center of the pyramid.

Ascending Corridor and Chamber of the Queen

Ascending passage is laid south and length of 40 m. Blows into the Great Gallery. At the very beginning, the passage closes three large stone blocks. Al-Mamoun, encroaching on them, breakthrough the bypass line, which is still used. Assigning data blocks is unknown.

It was not possible to move them from the spot.

The lower part of the big gallery gives the beginning of the corridor with a length of 35 m and a height of 1.75 m. Leads to 2 tomb, which is often referred to as the Tsaritsa's Chamber. It is a room with dimensions of 5.74 m per 5.23 m. Height - 6.22 m. In the East of the Chamber, a large deepening is poured.

Grotto, Big Gallery and Chamber of Pharaoh

The next branch of the lower part of a large gallery is a vertical course of 60 m long, which goes to the downward move, which contains 1 single expansion - the grotto. The nature of the origin is not clear to the end, but most likely it is a natural education. The upward move goes into a large gallery - an inclined high corridor. Height - 8.53 m. Length - 46 m.

On the sides of both walls, a square recess with 27 pairs of openings of incomprehensible destination are stretched. At the end of the gallery there is a protrusion - a step in front of the entrance to the predocation, through which the entrance to the Chamber itself opens. The burial room is lined with black granite. It contains a stone sarcophag without a cover. The walls are located ventilation holes.

The ceiling is almost destroyed, the state of the slabs worn. A few empty cavities separated by monolithic plates were found above the funeral room. It is assumed that their purpose is the distribution of the weight load to avoid excessive pressure of the overlying stoves on the pharaoh chamber.

Ventilation channels

The chambers of the king and the queen contain ventilation holes - the narrow channels of a small width. These channels are pass through only in the king's ward. In the chamber of the queen, the ends of the channels do not reach the wall of the room on the one hand, nor to the edges of the pyramid on the other. In the upper part, they are closed by the doors with copper handles.

Channel studies were conducted by a special robot, which was able to detect these details.

Such a strange device of ventilation channels may say that the ancient Egyptians were very religious people and believed that the soul falls into the afterlife kingdom. These doors at the ends and symbolize the peculiar entrance to the kingdom of the dead.

What can be seen around the pyramid

Pyramid of Heops, a description of which includes many secrets, and around itself contains amazing finds.

Pharaoh boats

In the immediate vicinity of the pyramid, 7 recesses were found with parts of real Egyptian boats, one of which was "solar turkey". The feature of it is the lack of fasteners.

On this cedar boat, according to legend, Heops should have started his way to the kingdom of the dead. At one of the sides of the pyramid opened the museum dedicated to this boat.

Pyramids Tsaritshe Hoeops

In the East, there are 3 small pyramids for the close environment of the pharaoh of Heops. They are located descending sizes towards south.

The base length of each 50 cm is longer than the base of the previous one. Currently, their condition is satisfactory.

Opening hours of the museum complex in Giza

Museum complex Giza, covering all the pyramids, works for tourists every day from 8.00 to 17.00. In winter, it works in the abbreviated working day - until 16.30. In the sacred for Muslims the month of Ramadan - until 15.00.

Ticket prices

The cost of visits:

• Entrance to the museum complex - 7.5 USD.
• Entrance to the "Solar Nouring" Museum - 3 USD.
• Heopse pyramid entrance - 11 USD.
• Entrance inside the pyramid of Hefrena - 2 USD.

Going on an excursion for exploring Egypt's pyramids, it is advisable to take advantage of a number of useful advice:

Secrets of the pyramids of Heops

The main secret of the pyramid of Heops is that the Mummy of Pharaoh Heops was not found either inside the pyramid, nor somewhere else. There are many theories about the place of his burial. The sarcophagus turned out to be empty when discovered. The lid was also absent. And in general, scientists believe that the construction of sarcophagus was not completed.

And the researchers of modernity and at all put forward a hypothesis that this pyramid was not built for Heops. This confirms the lack of any decorations in the burial room. Usually, the tomb of Pharaohs was real treasures, full jewels and wealth.

Tomb ventilation channels - another inexplicable item. For which they were built - unknown so far. In the king's ward, the air is falling outside. To the question, for which the air is buried by Pharaoh, there is no answer. The construction of such a romance also leaves a lot of questions. The dimensions of the pyramids can be compared with a skyscraper in 50 floors.

And the foundation area could accommodate a dozen football fields. A definite answer, as with the help of which people raised the stone blocks to height, no. Another mystery - how stones were dyed. Surfaces fit so tightly that there is no possibility to even cover the thin blade between them.

Transportation of blocks to the base of construction also contains riddles.

In 2017, evidence was found, indicating that the Nile was drained to move heavy granite stones and artificial channels were created, leading to the pyramid. On them on boats and brought construction materials. Hope's pyramid (Description of interior premises will not transmit all the atmosphere inside) contains a very small number of rooms inside.

Cancellations often put forward that the largest pyramid contains still secret or simply undetected premises. A guesses found confirmation: studies based on studying the difference in temperature of block surfaces showed the presence of additional voids inside.

but egyptian authorities imposed a ban on further excavation. Although the discovery of such new rooms will become a world sensation, which will lead to even greater influx of tourists in Giza. This is a tempting alternative for Egypt as a whole, so the question is not completely closed. The presence of 3 sleeping rooms in the pyramid is a strange fact, from the point of view of the history and life of pharaohs.

In other pyramids, each ruler prepared for himself 1 funeral room, putting all the forces in the construction of exactly this main part. Contradictions and disputes about 3 such cameras in the pyramid of Heops led to the conclusion: there were 3 pharaoh-owner of the pyramid. And Heops, apparently, was the last.

Evidence that Heops did not build from the ground, but rebuilding the existing pyramid of the previous rulers, are available. The ventilation channels of the Chamber of the Queen are not communicated to the atomosphere. It is strange and suggests that the pyramid was covered by a new layer of blocks, inspiring ventilation outputs.

Despite the huge number of unclear and mysterious, there are also skeptics who believe that there are no secret messages, and no meaning is not a single pyramid. This confirmation is offered to compare all the pyramids found. It is clear that they all differ from each other in many signs.

There is no symmetry and similar in orientation regarding the parties of the light, nor in the internal device. If some kind of mystery had been encrypted, they were all, or at least somewhat, were identical in the context.

Interesting facts about the pyramid of Heops

It is interesting to know:

The secret of the pyramid of Heops will decline not yet one century. A description of the appearance and internal device of the pyramid is not perfect and many mysteries are made in themselves.

Article clearance: Lozinsky Oleg.

Hope's pyramid video in Egypt

Hope's pyramid in Egypt Description:

) - In fact, the miracle of the world. From the foot to the top, it reaches 137.3 meters, and before the top has lost, her height was 146.7 meters. Another and a half ago, it was the highest construction in the world, only in 1880 it was exceeded by two supraged towers of the Cologne Cathedral (20 meters), and in 1889 - Eiffel Tower. The sides of its foundation are 230.4 meters, the area is 5.4 hectares. Its initial volume was equal to 2,520,000 cubic meters; Now it is about 170,000 cubic meters less, because for centuries, the pyramid was used as a quarry. It went about 2,250,000 stone blocks, each more cubic meter; This material would be enough to build a city with a hundredsmatic population. Her weight is 6.5-7 million tons. If she were a hollow, a start-up for space missiles would be included in it. According to experts, it would not be destroyed even atomic bomb, discarded on Hiroshima.

It was built, according to the most common dating, in 2560-2540. BC e., although some scientists give dates about 150 years earlier. Inside the pyramids are three cameras corresponding to the three stages of its construction. The first chamber of the Vesaan in a rock at a depth of about 30 meters below the base of the pyramid and not quite exactly in the middle of it; Its area - 8 x 14 meters, height is 3.5 meters. It remained unfinished, as well as the second, which is located in the core of the pyramid, precisely under the vertex, at an altitude of about 20 meters above the base; Its area is 5.7 x 5.2 meters, a vaulted ceiling reaches a height of 6.7 meters; Once it was called the "tomb of the queen." The third chamber is the tomb of the king; Unlike the other two, it is completed; In her, the sarcophag of Heops was found. It is built at an altitude of 42.3 meters above the base and a little south of the pyramid axis; its dimensions - 10.4 x 5.2 meters; Height - 5.8 meters. It is lined with immaculately polished and thoroughly fit to each other with granite slabs; Over the ceiling there are five unloading cameras, the total height of which is 17 meters. They take over the severity of about a million tons of stone mass so that it does not give right on the burial chamber.

Pharaoh's sarcophague is wider in the camera. He is extruded from one piece of brown-gray granite, without a date and inscription, is quite damaged. It is in the western corner of the tomb, right on the floor. He was placed here during construction, and, apparently, since then no one has shifted from the spot. This sarcophagus looks as if it was cast from metal. But the bodies of the Hoeop itself in it are not.

In all three cameras there are "hallways", and all of them are interconnected by corridors or mines. Some mines end up deadlock. From the royal tomb to the surface of the pyramid, there are two mines, which are out of approximately in the middle of the North and South Walls. One of their appointments is to provide ventilation; Perhaps there were others.

Discovery: exploding history. Secrets of the Great Pyramid

The initial entrance to the pyramid is located on the north side, at an altitude of 25 meters above the base. Now in the pyramid there is another entrance, punched in 820 by Khalif Motherwho hoped to detect the impenetrable Treasures of Pharaoh, but did not find anything. This entrance is located about 15 meters below the former, almost in the very center of the northern side.

The Great Pyramid was surrounded by no less labor-intensive and expensive buildings. Herodotus, who saw the road, leading from the upper (clock) temple to the bottom, which was laid out polished plates and had a width of 18 meters, called her construction "hardly not as huge as the construction of the pyramid itself." Now it has survived some 80 meters - the road disappeared at the end of the XIX century during the construction of the village of Nabol-Es-Simman, now, like Giza, which has become part of Cairo. Somewhere in her place stood the lower temple, a height of 30 meters, but he probably fell in antiquity fell victim to people who were looking for building material.

From the buildings surrounding the Great Pyramid, only the ruins of the upper (requiem) temple and three satellite pyramids were preserved. Traces of the temple opened in 1939 by the Egyptian archaeologist Abu Safe. As usual, he was east of the pyramid, and the fronton had a length of 100 Egyptian elbows (52.5 meters); It was built from tourist limestone, had a yard with 38 square granite columns, 12 of the same pillars stood in the lobby in front of a small sanctuary. On both sides of it, about 10 meters, during the excavations two of the "DOA" were found in the limestone in the limestone, where they were probably kept "solar turks", the third such "doc" was found to the left of the road to the lower temple. Unfortunately, "Doki" were empty, but archaeologists were rewarded by a random find of two more such "docks" in 1954. In one of them, the perfectly preserved rook was resting - the most ancient ship of the world. Its length is 36 meters, and it is made from the cedar.

The pyramids of the companions are also east of the Great Pyramid, although they usually built them south. The pyramids are located from the north to the south "by growth", the side of the square base of the first pyramid is 49.5 meters, the second - 49, third - 46.9. Each of them had a stone fence, a funeral chapel and a burial chamber, which led the mine; In addition, there was a "doc" for "solar turkey" next to the first. Most scientists believe that these pyramids belonged to Hofu's wives, of which the first (home), according to the ancient custom, was probably his sister. The names of the first two are unknown to us, the third name was Henutsen.

All three satellite pyramids are quite well preserved, only external cladding is deprived.

Apparently, to the east of the first one, it was assumed to build another, large sizes, but the construction was discontinued. One hypothesis, she was intended for Queen Hietepheres, Pharaoh's spouses Snowfra And mother Hofu. In the end, Houfu decided to build a few northeast tomb in a rock for her. This tomb has indeed managed ... until January 1925, when a raisner photographer fell into a slot between the camouflage blocks of a tripod. Then the members of the Harvard-Boston Expedition took place treasures for three months: thousands of small gold blues, furnishings and homemade utensils; Golden and silver bracelets, cosmetic boxes with "shadows" to bring eyes, navigat for manicure, caskets with the name of the queen filled with jewels. Waters were found with its interns and alabaster sarcophagus, which, however, was empty. This is the first found untouched tomb of a member of the royal family of the ancient kingdom.

The Great Pyramid was acquired by a ten-meter stone wall. Wall ruins show that it had 3 meters in thickness and defended 10.5 meters from the pyramid. Near her, in the distance, the Mastabi (tombs) of Sanovnikov were located: almost a hundred, they were preserved from the north side, more than ten - with southern, about forty - with east.

When building the most grand monument of antiquity, the pyramid of Heops, not one year was spent and a huge number of slaves were involved, many of whom were killed at the construction site. So argued the ancient Greeks, among them - and Herodotus, one of the first historians, which described in detail this is a grand construction.

But modern scientists do not agree with this opinion and argue: many free Egyptians wanted to work at the construction site - when agricultural work ended, it was a great opportunity to earn money (provided here with food, clothing and housing).

For any Egyptian, to participate in the construction of the tomb for his ruler was a debt and honor of honor, because each of them hoped that the particle of the pharaoh immortality would also be affected: it was believed that the Egyptian ruler had the right not only for life after death, but could also take with him His loved ones (usually they were buried in the neighboring combings).

Simply people, however, to get into the afterlife of the world were not destined to be an exception, perhaps that slaves and servants that were buried with the ruler. But everyone had the right to hope - and therefore, they ended the work on the house, over the past years, the Egyptians rushed to Cairo, to the rocky plateau.

Hope's pyramid (or as it was also called, Houfu) is located near Cairo, on the Plateau Giza, on the left side of the Nile, and is the largest tombs there. This tomb is the highest pyramid of our planet, has been built not one year, has a non-standard layout. A rather interesting fact is that when opening, the body of the ruler was not found in it.

For many years now, the minds of researchers and fans of Egyptian culture, who ask themselves the question: was there a psychic person to build such a structure and is it not a pyramid of the hands of representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations, which erected it only with one of them understandable?

The fact that this amazing sizes of the tomb almost immediately entered the list of antique seven wonders of the world, does not surprise anyone: the sizes of the pyramid of Heops are striking, and this, despite the fact that over the past millennia it has become smaller, and the exact proportions of Hoeop's pyramid scientists are not determined condition, since its edges and surfaces were dismantled for their needs not one generation of Egyptians:

• The height of the pyramid is about 138 m (it is interesting that a year when it was built, she was eleven meters higher);
• The foundation has a square shape, the length of each side is about 230 meters;
• The area of \u200b\u200bthe foundation is about 5.4 hectares (thus, on it, the five largest cathedrals of our planet fully fit);
• The length of the foundation around the perimeter is 922 m.

Construction of pyramid

If earlier scientists believed that the construction of the Heops pyramid took about twenty years from Egyptians, in our time, Egyptologists, having studied the press of priests in more detail, and, given the parameters of the pyramid, and the fact that the Heard rules of about fifty years have denied this fact and came to The conclusion that it was built at least thirty, and maybe the whole forty years.

Despite the fact that the exact date of construction of this Grand Tomb is unknown, it is believed that they built it by order of the Pharaoh Heops, which rules presumably from 2589 to 2566 BC. er, and his nephew and a Cemerion Vizier who used the latest technologies of his time was answered for construction work, who used the newest technologies of his time, over long centuries for many centuries. He approached the matter with all attentiveness and meticulousness.

Preparation for construction

At the preliminary work that took about ten years, more than 4 thousand workers were involved. It was necessary to find a place for construction, the soil of which would be strong enough to withstand the design of this scale - therefore it was decided to stop on the rocky platform near Cairo.

To align the platform, the Egyptians using stones and sand, built a waterproof shaft of the square shape. In the shaft, they cut the channels intersecting at the right angle, and the construction site began to resemble a large chessboard.

After that, the trenches were launched in the trenches, with the help of which the builders determined the height of the water level and made the necessary nuts on the side walls, after which the water was lowered. All stones, which be over the water level, workers cut down, after which the trenches laid the stones, thus obtaining the foundation of the tomb.

Working with stone

Building material for the tomb mined in a quarry located on the other side of the Nile. To get a block of necessary sizes, the stone was cut off from the cliffs and climbed to the desired dimensions - from 0.8 to 1.5 m. Although on average one stone block weighed about 2.5 tons, the Egyptians were manufactured and more heavy specimens, for example, the most severe Blider, which was installed on the entrance to the "Pharaoh Room", weighed 35 tons.

With the help of thick ropes and levers, builders fastened a block on wooden polls and on the flooring from the brickels dragged to the Nile, sang onto the boat and transported through the river. And then again, the brothers were dragged to the place of construction, after which the most difficult stage began: the huge block was needed to tighten on the highest top of the tomb. How exactly did it and what technologies were used - one of the riddles of the pyramid of Heops.

One of the proposed versions of versions implies the following option. According to an angle of a brick lift in a width of 20 m, lying on the polls of the boulder with the help of ropes and levers was tightened upstairs, where it was put in a clearly intended place for her. The higher the pyramid of Heops, the rise turned out to be increasingly long and cool, and the top platform decreased - therefore, lifting the boulders was still difficult and more dangerous.

It was most difficult for the worker when it was necessary to install "Pyramidon" - the topmost block of 9 meters high (not survived to this day). Since it was necessary to raise a huge shuttle, the work was deadly, and many people died at this stage of work. As a result, the Pyramid of Heops after the end of construction numbered more than 200 leading steps and resembled a huge step-downhill.

In total, to build a housing of the pyramid, the ancient Egyptians took at least twenty years. Work on the "box" was not over yet - they still had to lay them with stones and make that the outer parts of the chill were more or less smooth. And at the final stage, the Egyptians fully told the pyramid from the outside polished to the brilliance with plates from white limestone - and she sparkled in the sun as a huge shiny crystal.

Plates to this day on the pyramid are not preserved: the inhabitants of Cairo after the Arabs plundered their capital (1168), they used them during the construction of new houses and temples (some of them can be seen on mosques and nowadays).

Pyramid drawings

Interesting fact: The hull of the pyramid from the outside is covered with curvilinear grooves of different sizes. If you look at them at a certain angle, you can see the image of a man with a height of 150 m (perhaps a portrait of one of the ancient gods). This drawing is not one: on the northern wall of the tomb you can also distinguish with a man and a woman with the heads in each other.

Scientists argue that the grooves of these Egyptians were delivered a few years before it was finished to erect the hull of the pyramid and installed the upper stone. True, the question remains open: why did they do it, because the plates that were subsequently decorated with the pyramid, hid these portraits.

What the Great Pyramid looked out from the inside

A detailed study of the peyramid of Heops showed that contrary to popular belief, inside the tomb there are practically no inscriptions or any other jewelry, except for a small portrait in the corridor leading to the room of the queen.

The entrance to the tomb is located on the north side at a height greater than fifteen meters. After the burial, it was closed with a granite plug, so the tourists inside fall through a break, who was ten meters below - Khalifa Baghdad Abdullah al-Mamun (820 years old) - a man who first penetrated the tomb to rob her. The attempt fell out, because besides a thick layer of dust here, he did not find anything.

Hope's pyramid is the only pyramid where there are corridors as driven down and up. The main corridor first goes down, then branches two tunnels - one leads down, in a unworthy funeral chamber, the second - up, first in a large gallery, from which you can get into the room of the queen and mainly tomb.

From the central entrance to the tunnel, leading down (its length is 105 meters), you can get into the burial hole below the level below, the height of which is 14 m, the width is 8.1 m, the height is 3.5 m. Inside the room, near The south walls of the Egyptologists were discovered a well, the depth of which is about three meters (a narrow tunnel leads to a dead end is stretched to the south).

The researchers believe that for the cheeper of Heops, it was first that this room was first intended, but then Pharaoh changed his mind, and decided to build a tomb above, so this room remained unfinished.

You can also get from a big gallery to an unfinished funeral room - the narrow, almost vertical mine with a height of 60 meters begins at its entrance. Interestingly, in the middle of this tunnel is a small grotto (most likely, natural origin, since it is located in the place of contact of the stone masonry of the pyramid and a small hump of a lime fee), in which several people could fit.

According to one of the hypotheses, the architects took into account this grotto during the design of the pyramid and initially intended him to evacuate builders or priests, which ended up the "sealing" ceremony of the central passage leading to the graspille of Pharaoh.

The pyramid of Heops has another mysterious room with an incomprehensible destination - "The Chamber of Queen" (like the lowest room, this room is not completed, about whom the floor testifies in which the tile began to lay out, but they did not do before the end of the work).

At this room, you can get, first descending down the corridor down by 18 meters from the main entrance, and then climbing the long tunnel (40 m) up. The room is the smallest of all, located in the very center of the pyramid, has a practically square shape (5.73 x 5.23 m, the height is 6.22 m), and niche mounted into one of its walls.

Despite the fact that the second funeral pit is called the "room of the queen", the name is erroneously, since the wives of the Egyptian rulers always buried in separately standing little pyramids (there are three such tombs near the tomb of Pharaoh).

Previously, in the "Chamber of the Queen", it was not easy to get, since at the very beginning of the corridor, which led to the big gallery, three granite blocks were installed, disguised as limestone - therefore it was previously thought that this room did not exist. Al-Mamuuna guessed about its presence and, being unable to remove the boulders, hollow out the passage in a softer limestone (this course is exploited and so far).

At what stage of construction, traffic jams were installed, it is definitely not known, and therefore there are several hypotheses. According to one of them, they were mounted before the funeral during construction work. Another claims that it was not at all in this place at all, and they appeared here after the earthquake, having gone from a big gallery, where they were installed after the funeral of the ruler.

Another secret of the pyramid of Heops is that it is where traffic jams are located, there are not two, as in other pyramids, and three tunnels - the third is a vertical LAZ (although it leads, no one knows because the granite blocks with No one has shifted space yet).

In the tomb of Pharaoh, you can get along the big gallery, the length of which is almost 50 meters. It is a continuation of a corridor from the main entrance. Its height is 8.5 meters, while the walls are slightly narrowed. Before the tomb of the Egyptian ruler, there is a "entrance hall" - the so-called pre-boat.

From the pre-boat LAZ leads to the "Chamber of Pharaoh", built from monolithic polished granite blocks, in which there is an empty sarcophague made from a red piece of Asuan granite. (An interesting fact: no trace and evidence that it was here that was buried, scientists have not yet found).

Apparently, the sarcophagus was submitted here before the construction of construction, since its size did not allow to place here after the end of construction work. The length of the tomb is 10.5 m, the width is 5.4 m, the height is 5.8 m.

The biggest mystery of the pyramid of Heops (as well as its feature) is its mine width of 20 cm, which scientists nose with ventilation channels. They start inside the two top rooms, first go horizontally, and then under the tilt come out.

While these channels in the Pharaoh's Pharaoh Room, in the Quantice Quints, they start only at a distance of 13 cm from the wall and at the same distance they do not reach the surface (at the same time they are closed with stones with copper handles, so-called "Hanterbrink doors") .

Despite the fact that some researchers suggest that these were ventilation channels (for example, they were intended to ensure that the workers do not suffocate during work due to the lack of oxygen), most of the Egyptologists are still inclined to think that these narrow channels had Religious significance and managed to prove that they were built, given the location of astronomical bodies. The presence of channels may well be associated with the faith of the Egyptians about the gods and souls of the dead, who live on the Star Sky.

At the foot of the Great Pyramid there are several underground structures - the oldest ship of our planet was found in one of them: a wooden swift from cedar was disassembled on 1224 parts, the total length of which was 43.6 meters in the assembled state (apparently , It was on it that Pharaoh had to go to the kingdom of the dead).

Hekops Is this tomb

In the past few years, Egyptologists are increasingly questioning the fact that this pyramid actually was intended for Heops. This is evidence that there is absolutely no decorations in the funeral chamber.

Mummy Pharaoh in the tomb was not found, and the sarcophague itself, in which she had to be located, the builders did not finish the end: he was pretty rude, and there is no lid at all. These interesting facts enable fans of the theories of the alien origin of this grand constructions to argue that representatives of extraterrestrial civilizations built a pyramid that used unknown technology science and with an incomprehensible goal for us.