Period of construction1876-1886 opening dateOctober 28, 1886 National Monument to S.October 15, 1924 Enters NRHP withOctober 15, 1966 NYCL C. statusSeptember 14, 1976 Height93 ArchitectGustave Eifel SculptorFrederic Auguste Bartholdi Location AddressManhattan, Liberty Island Emporis Skyscraperpage. Skyscraper Center. Structurae. Websitenps.gov/stli. Audio, photo and video on wikisklad

Since 1984, the Statue of Liberty is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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  Sculpture is a gift of France to the World Exhibition of 1876 and the Century of American Independence. The statue holds a torch in the right hand and a sriciper in the left. The inscription on the rigged says "English. JULY IV MDCCLXXVI "(written by Roman numbers Date" July 4, 1776 "), this date is a day of adoption of the US independence declaration. One foot "Freedom" stands on broken shakes.

  Visitors pass 356 steps to the crown of the Statue of Freedom or 192 Steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25 windows that symbolize earth precious stones and celestial rays covering the world. Seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize seven seas and seven continents (the Western geographical tradition has exactly seven continents).

  The total weight of copper used for the popular statue is 31 tons, and the total weight of its steel construction is 125 tons. The total weight of the concrete base is 27,000 tons. The thickness of the copper coverage of the statue is 2.57 mm.

  Height from Earth to Torch tip - 93 meters, including base and pedestal. The height of the statue itself, from the top of the pedestal to the torch - 46 meters.

  The statue was built of subtle sheets of copper, minted in wooden forms. Formed sheets later were installed on a steel frame.

  Usually the statue is open to visitors, as a rule, arriving on the ferry. From the crown to which you can climb the stairs, there is an extensive view of the New York harbor. In the museum located in the Poddlecale, there is an exhibition of statue history. You can climb the lift to the museum.

  The territory of Liberty Island originally belonged to the state of New Jersey, was subsequently in the Office of New York, and is currently in federal administration. Until 1956, the island was called "Bedlola Island" (English. Bedloe "s island) Although it was also called the "Isle of Freedom" since the beginning of the 20th century.

  Freedom Statue in Figures

  Pieces of sculpture	Meters
  Height from Earth to Top Top	93 M.
  Height statue	33.86 M.
  Length brush hands	5.00 M.
  Length of the index finger	2.44 M.
  Head from the top of the chin	5.26 M.
  Width face	3.05 M.
  Length eye	0.76 M.
  Nose length	1.37 M.
  Length right	12.80 M.
  Thickness of the right hand	3.66 M.
  Taste thickness	10.67 M.
  Width of the mouth	0.91 M.
  Height sign	7.19 M.
  Width sign	4.14 M.
  Table thickness	0.61 M.
  Height from land to the top of the pedestal	46.94 M.

  Creating a statue

  The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a monument is attributed to Eduar Rene Lef Educa de Labule, prominent to the French thinker, writer and political figure, president of the French Anti-Wowband society. According to the French sculptor Frederick Auguste Bartholdi, she was expressed in a conversation with him in the middle of 1865, under the impression of the victory of anti-workers in the civil war in the United States. Despite the fact that it was not a specific proposal, the idea inspired the sculptor.

  The repressive political situation of the reign of Napoleon III in France did not allow the implementation of the idea. In the late 1860s, Bartholdi was able to be interested in the construction of a huge statue that resembles Colossus Rhodes, the ruler of Egypt Ismail Pasha. The statue was originally planned to establish in Port Said called Asia Light (English. The Light of Asia), but ultimately the Government of Egypt decided that the transportation of structures from France and the installation are for Egypt's economy too expensive.

  She wondered as a gift for the Central Anniversary of Independence Declaration in 1876. By mutual agreement, America was supposed to build a pedestal, and France - to create a statue and establish it in the United States. However, the lack of money was felt on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean. In France, charitable donations along with various entertainment events and lotteries allowed to collect 2.25 million francs. In the United States to collect funds, theatrical performances were carried out, art exhibitions, auctions and boxing battles.

  Create a statue was entrusted to Bartholdi. According to one of the versions, Bartolddi was even a French simulator: beautiful, recently widowed Isabella Boyer, wife Isaac Singer, creator and entrepreneur in the field of sewing machines.

  Meanwhile, in France, Batoldi took the help of an engineer to address constructive issues related to the construction of such a giant copper sculpture. Gustavu Eiffel (the future creator of the Eiffel Tower) was instructed to design a massive steel support and an intermediate supporting frame, which will allow the copper shell of the statue to move freely, while maintaining a vertical position. Detailed developments Eiffel handed over to his assistant, experienced engineer on building structures Mauris Kehlin. Copper for the statue was purchased from existing stocks in warehouses of the company Société des Métaux Entrepreneur Ezhen Secretary. Its origin was not documented, but studies of 1985 showed that it was mainly mined in Norway on Karmoy Island. The legend of copper supplies from Russia was tested by enthusiasts, but did not find confirmation. In addition, railways in Ufa and Nizhny Tagil were held later construction; Accordingly, the version of the supply of ore cannot be considered serious. It is also noteworthy that the concrete base under the statue is made from German cement. Dikerhoff won a tender for the supply of cement for the construction of the foundation of the Statue of Freedom in New York, which was supposed to become the world's largest concrete structure of that time.

  Even before the completion of the project works, Bartholdi organized in the workshop Gaget, Gauthier & Co The beginning of the work on the manufacture of the right hand statue holding torch.

  In May 1876, Batoldi participated in the French delegation at the World Exhibition in Philadelphia and organized a show of numerous paintings on the celebrations in New York on this exhibition. Due to late for registration, the statue's hand was not included in the exhibits catalogs of the exhibition, nevertheless it was shown to visitors and made a strong impression. Visitors had access to a balcony of a torch, from where they could admire the panorama of the exhibition complex. In the reports, she was called "a colossal hand" and "Electric Bartholdi light". After the end of the exhibition, the hand with a torch was transported from Philadelphia to New York and was installed in Madison Square, where he stood for several years until his temporary return to France to connect to the rest of the statue.

  The place for the Statue of Freedom in the New York Harbor, approved by the Act of the Congress of 1877, was chosen by General William Sherman, taking into account the wishes of Bartolddi himself, on the island of the poor, where since the beginning of the XIX century there was a fort in the form of a star.

  The collection of funds for a pedestal moved slowly, and Joseph Pulitzer (famous for the Pulitzer Award) in his newspaper "World" made a call to support fundraising to the project fund.

  By August 1885, problems with financing a pedestal designed by the American architect Richard Morris Khanth were resolved, and the first stone was laid on August 5th. Construction ended April 22, 1886. Two square jumpers from steel bars are built into a massive stone masonry of the pedestal; They are connected to steel anchor beams that go up to become part of the Eiffel (resembling the frame of the Eiffel Tower) frame of the statue itself. Thus, the statue and pedestal are one.

  The statue was completed by the French in July 1884 and was delivered to the New York Harbor on June 17, 1885 aboard the French frigate "Izer". For transportation, the statue was dismantled by 350 parts and packed in 214 boxes. (Her right hand with a torch finished earlier was already exhibited at the World Exhibition in Philadelphia in, and then in Madison Square in New York.) The statue collected on its new foundation for four months. The solemn discovery of the Statue of Freedom, which was made by US President Grover Cleveland, took place on October 28, 1886 in the presence of thousands of spectators. As a French gift for the century anniversary of the American revolution, he was late for ten years.

  National Monument - Statue of Freedom - officially celebrated its century on October 28, 1986.

  Statue as a cultural monument

  The statue was placed on the granite pedestal inside the Fort Wood, built to the war of 1812, the walls of which are posted in the form of a star. The US lighthouse service was responsible for serving a statue until 1901. After 1901, this mission was assigned to the Military Department. The presidential resolution of October 15, 1924, Fort Wood (and the statue on its territory) was declared a national monument, whose borders coincided with the boundaries of the fort.

  October 28, 1936 at the 50-year-old anniversary of the opening of the statue President of the United States Franklin Roosevelt said: "Freedom and peace - things are alive. So that they continue to exist, each generation should protect them and invest in them a new life. "

  In 1933, the service of the National Monument was transferred to the service of national parks. On September 7, 1937, the National Monument Square was increased and spread to the entire island of Bedlow, which in 1956 was renamed to the island of freedom. On May 11, 1965, the Island of Ellis was also transferred to the service of national parks and became part of the National Memorial "Statue of Freedom". In May 1982, President Ronald Reagan instructed Li Yakokk to lead the movement of the private sector for the restoration of the Statue of Freedom. 87 million dollars were collected for the restoration due to the partnership of the National Parks and the Statue of Freedom Statue of Ellis, which was the most successful cooperation between the public and private sector in American history. In 1984, at the beginning of work on its restoration, the statue of liberty was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. On July 5, the renovated statue of freedom was reopened for visitors during the weekend of freedom dedicated to her century.

  Statue and Security

  The ladder on the torch was closed for security reasons in 1916. In 1986, the statue was restored, and its destroyed and corrosion torch was moved to the main entrance and replaced with a new, covered with 24-carat gold.

  The statue, including the pedestal and the base, was closed on October 29, 2011, the day after the celebration of the 125th anniversary of the statue, to install new elevators and stairs. Although the Statue of Liberty and was closed to the public, Liberty Island remains open to the public. Exactly one year after the closure on the repair and installation of a new complex escalator, from October 28, 2012, opened full access to the statue up to the crown.

  The statues of the statues are widely used in the symbolism of regional organizations and institutions of the United States. In the state of New York, her contour was at the license plates of vehicles between 1986 and 2000. New York Liberty, a professional women's basketball club, acting in the Eastern Conference of the Female National Basketball Association, uses the name of the statue in its name and its image in its emblem in which the flame of the statue is associated with basketball. Freedom's head is depicted on the additional form of the NHL Rangers Hockey Club since 1997. The National Student Sports Association for the 1996 Basketball Male Final Emblem used a symbolic image of a statue. In the emblem of the Libertarian Party of the United States used a stylized image of the Freedom torch.

  Reproduction

  Hundreds of reproductions are exhibited in many different parts of the world. A copy of the fourth part of the original, transmitted by the city of Paris by American society, is established by the face west, towards the main statue, on the Swan Island of the Seine. Nine-meter copy, many years decorated the top of the Liberty Warehouse building on the 64th Street of Manhattan, is now being exhibited in the territory of the Brooklyn Museum. The organization of American scouts During the celebration of its forty-cellion in 1949-1952, about two hundred copies from the stamped copper, 2.5 m high, various American states and municipalities, were free of charge.

  see also

  • Statue of Freedom in Moscow (1918-1941).

  Other high sculptures

  Notes

  1. The Statue of Liberty (in NYC).

  Welcome readers of our portal! This regular article we will try to return to the description of the most interesting and juicy places of our planet after a long break. The choice of an object for the next review has not been standing for a long time - a disassembled list of 8 miracles of the world stood too much time without his candidate. Today in the review - the statue of freedom in the United States. The symbol in the monument of democracy and freedom of all of the United States of America.

  Statue of Liberty (in English Statue of Liberty), she also "Freedom, Illicing Peace" or "Lady Freedom" - a symbol of freedom and democracy of the United States, a giant statue-colossus, made in the style of neoclassicism. The statue is located on the island of freedom, which is 3 kilometers south-west of Manhattan Island. The special value of the statue was recognized by the world community - in 1984 it was brought to UNESCO World Heritage List. Past of such an object of human property could not pass and we.

  Description of the statue

  Giant statue of freedom stands on a pedestal. In his right hand, she holds a torch in the left - Skriegalal. The inscription on the screening shows the date of adoption of the Declaration of Independence of the United States (Roman figures - July IV MDCCLXXVI, July 4, 1776 on our manner). One Naga steps on broken shackles.

  

  Screened statue of freedom

  To climb the top of the statue in her crown, you need to go through 356 steps. You can cut this excursion to the rise only on the pedestal - 192 steps. In addition to the screw staircase inside the design, the visitor can use the elevator.

  

  View of inside

  On the heads of the crown statue. Its 25 windows symbolize the "earth precious stones and the heavenly rays covering the world" - which sources are not called, but it sounds at least funny. But with the rays, the crown is already simpler - they are 7, and they, in turn, symbolize the seven seas and continents. It is worth noting that 7 continents are considered in the Western world. Invented this symbolism before or after the creation of the statue is not called, but the overall idea on the crown is a bit strange.

  

  The full height of the statue is 93 meters, the pure height of the statue without a pedestal is 46 meters. In the manufacturing process, 31 tons of copper were used, 125 tons of steel and 27,000 tons of pyediene concrete.

  Thin copper sheets with a thickness of 2.57 mm minted in wooden forms. They were used to create the very figure of the statue. For fastening the entire design inside the statue there is a steel frame that goes into concrete.

  Now from the highest point of the statue, accessible to tourists - the crown, offers a magnificent view of the New York harbor. In the pedestal there is a history museum, and the island of freedom (Liberty Island, or until 1956, the island of Bedlau) is also recognized as a national monument.

  

  View from the crown

  Statue of Liberty in harsh figures

  Pieces of sculpture
  Height from Earth to Top Top
  Height statue
  Length brush hands
  Length of the index finger
  Head from the top of the chin
  Width face
  Length eye
  Nose length
  Length right
  Thickness of the right hand
  Taste thickness
  Width of the mouth
  Height sign
  Width sign
  Table thickness
  Height from land to the top of the pedestal

  A little story statue: the beginning

  The history of the Statue of Freedom begins with the most famous fact - the statue is the gift of France by the United States in honor of the century of American independence. But how everything went from the emergence of the idea to the position of modern days - read below.

  The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a statue belongs to French thinkers, writer and politics Eduard Rene Lefevre. Being presidents of an antiboval society in France, he was very impressed by the victory in the civil war in the US wrestler against a slave-owned building. According to the testimony of the sculptor Frederick Auguste Bartholdi, this thought at Lefevera appeared in 1865.

  The existing policy of Napoleon III did not allow to proceed with such a project. Therefore, the movements were resumed only at the end of the 1860s. The sculptor Bartholdi also had ideas for creating a majestic colossus. Initially, the project was proposed for Egypt, but the budgets did not pull the transportation and installation of the statue. The 100th anniversary of independence in the United States has become another great occasion to create a high-level project.

  The project has shought. Under the contract, France was supposed to create a sculpture itself, and the United States - pedestal. Bartholdi spoke as a sculptor. But to create such a massive design, the help of a great engineer was required - Gustava Eifel was invited to his place, the future of the creator of the legendary Eiffel Tower.

  From the first shows before opening

  Works in the workshop Batoldy were boiling. Already in May 1876, at the World Exhibition in Philadelphia, they showed the right hand of a future statue with a torch. For visiting this impressive design, they took 50 cents (good money for those times). Her my hand made a huge impression on the visitors of the exhibition. In order not to keep a hand back to France after the exhibition, Madison Square Garden was placed in New York Park.

  

  At the World Exhibition 1876

  But the statue creation process did not cost without problems - lacked finance. To solve this problem, charitable donations were carried out, entertainment activities, lotteries, theatrical performances, exhibitions, auctions, boxing battles.

  A special role in collecting funds was played by the publisher of the newspaper "World" Joseph Pulitzer. A person who made a career from the player of the newspaper, a journalist of minor notes to the owner of the publisher - whether he does not understand the actual thoughts of the people. Agriction on the collection of funds for a new material embodiment of American ideas and dreams continued not long - after 5 months of work, funds were collected. The contribution of this person is difficult to overestimate, the Pulitzer Prize is still one of the most prestigious premiums among journalists.

  

  Work in workshop

  While the statue was manufactured, the Congress act from 1877, General William Sherman approved the place of the future statue - the island of Bedlow. The process of choosing a place has not done without recommendations of the sculptor. The place was not chosen by chance - at the mouth of Hudson, next to the Island of Ellis, the place where all the newly prompted future citizens of the United States arrived, the place where their initial registration was made.

  Construction of a pedestal began on August 5, 1885 - on this day the first stone was laid here. Project Architect - Richard Morris. Less than a year - April 22, 1886 - Pedestal was already over. Additionally, 2 jumpers from steel bars were built into the masonry, which are connected by anchor beams leaving up as part of the steel frame of the statue. Thus, the pedestal and the statue is one whole, a solid massive strong design.

  The statue of freedom was completed back in 1884, and on June 17, 1885, she was taken to New York Harbor. For transportation, it was previously dismantled for 350 parts and packed in 214 boxes. Note that the assembly process itself took another 4 months. Here is a real designer for great people.

  

  The solemn opening of the statue took place on October 28, 1886. The discovery was delayed from the idea of \u200b\u200b10 years. In this ceremony, the US President Grover Cleveland took part in this ceremony, which said the phrase entered in history:

  "We will always remember that freedom chose this place with his home, and her altar will never cover the oblivion."

  After opening

  Earlier at the location of the statue was built Fort Wood (built to the war of 1812, of course, not with Napoleon), having a form of a five-pointed star. In the center of him on the pedestal and the statue was installed. October 15, 1924 Fort Wood and Statue were announced by the National Monument. And later, the entire island fell under the area of \u200b\u200bthe national monument.

  

  Early Fort Wood Slums

  Later, the neighboring Island of Ellis was also included here, at first, the immigration center was located, where all the newcomers in the country was registered.

  

  View from the ship upon arrival in New York

  In 1982, President Ronald Reagan is going to restore the monument slightly from time to time. At this event they collect 87 million dollars. Immediately at the beginning of the restoration in 1984, the statue was submitted to UNESCO World Heritage List. On July 5, 1986, she began once again open to visitors.

  

  Restoration statue

  Back in 1916, the staircase on the torch for security reasons was closed. The torch during the 1986 restoration was replaced with a new, covered with 24-carat gold. The old torch was located at the pedestal. But still the maximum available dot for a visitor remains to enter the crown.

  

  Old torch

  Everyone remembers September 11, 2001 - the day of the attack of terrorists to the World Trade Center. The statue and the island immediately closed for visitors, it was impossible to risk visitors - because it is a symbol of all of America. Since then, access to the statue has complicated. It was possible to get to the island since the end of 2001, in the pedestal only from August 4, 2004. From July 4, 2009, President Barack Obama opened access to the statue, but with restrictions on the number of visitors per day.

  The next installation of new elevators and stairs took place from October 29, 2011 to October 28, 2012. Currently resumed full access to the crown.

  what is the height of the statue of freedom? And got the best answer

  Answer from Natalia [Guru]
  Statue of Liberty (English Statue of Liberty, Full name - Freedom, Illicing World, English. Liberty Enlightening The World) - One of the most famous sculptures in the United States and in the world, often referred to as the "symbol of New York and the USA", "Symbol of Freedom and democracy, "Lady Freedom. This is a gift of French citizens to the century of the American revolution
  
  The total weight of copper used for the low-end statue is 31 tons, and the total weight of its steel design is 125 tons. The total weight of the cement base is 27 thousand tons. The thickness of the copper cover of the statue is 2.37 mm.
  Visitors pass 354 steps to the crown of the Statue of Freedom or 192 Steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25 windows that symbolize earth precious stones and celestial rays covering the world. Seven rays on the crown of statues symbolize seven seas and seven continents
  

  Answer from 2 response[guru]
  

  Hey! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: what is the height of the statue of freedom?

  Answer from BEFORE LIFE.[guru]
  Height from Earth to Torch tip - 93 meters, including base and pedestal. The height of the statue itself, from the top of the pedestal to the torch - 46 meters.

  
  

  Answer from Eremitor[guru]

  The Statue of Liberty
  "Symbol of New York and the USA", "One of the most famous sculptures of the world", "Symbol of Freedom and Democracy", "Lady Liberty" - which only epithets and names did not come up with this statue in New York! Some are amazed by its sizes, others - give tribute to the idea laid in sculpture, others simply perceive it as one of the modern miracles of the world.
  Each of the four million visitors annually arriving at a small island in the New York Harbor, where the monument is installed, may be an opinion on the latter. And everyone will be right in its own .. The statue is truly grandee: its height from the base to the tip of the torch is almost 47 meters, and along with a powerful granite pedestal - 93 meters. One nail on the hand of a woman personifies freedom, weighs a half kilogram. Under the wind, the statue is slightly swinging: the range of oscillations reaches 7.6 centimeters, and a torch - even up to 12.7 centimeters!
  

  
  

  Answer from Elena Andreenkova[guru]
  Freedom Statue in Figures
  Height from the top of the base to the torch 46.05 m
  Height from Earth to Torch Torch 92.99 m
  Statue growth 33.86 m
  Length brush hand 5.00 m
  Length of the index finger 2.44 m
  Head from the top to the chin 5.26 m
  Face width 3.05 m
  Length of the eye 0.76 m
  Nose length 1.37 m
  Length of the right hand 12.80 m
  The thickness of the right hand is 3.66 m
  Waist thickness 10.67 m
  Mouth width 0.91 m
  Height plate 7.19 m
  Width sign 4.14 m
  Thickness plate 0.61 m
  Height from land to the top of the pedestal 46.94 m
  Visitors pass 354 steps to the crown of the statue or 192 steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25 windows that symbolize earth precious stones and celestial rays covering the world. Seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize the seven world oceans and continents. On the plate that the statue holds in the left hand is written (Roman numbers): "On July 4, 1776". The total weight of copper used to popularize the statue is 62 thousand pounds (31 tons), and the total weight of its steel construction is 250 thousand pounds (125 tons). The total weight of the cement base is 54 million pounds (27 thousand tons). The thickness of the copper cover of the statue is 3/32 inches or 2.37 mm.
  Mobility in the wind: the wind by force of 50 miles per hour causes the rocking of the statue of 3 inches (7.62 cm), and the torch swings for 5 inches (12.7 cm).

  
  

  Answer from Mikhail Tsymbalyuk[guru]
  "Freedom illuminating the world" in New York - 46 meters. Plus the base and pedestal. In addition, the Statue of Freedom is in Riga - a 7-8 meter statue on top of 42-meter obelisk

  
  

  Answer from Nafis Natrova[newcomer]
  tattoo is located on the island of freedom (English Liberty Island), approximately 3 km on the southwest of the southern tip of Manhattan, in New York. Until 1956, the island was called "Bedlola Island" (Eng. Bedloe "s island), although he was called the" Island of Freedom "from the beginning of the 20th century.
  Statue of Liberty (View from Pedestal)
  The statue holds a torch in the right hand and a sriciper in the left. The inscription on the rigged says "English. JULY IV MDCCLXXVI "(written by Roman numbers Date" July 4, 1776 "), this date is a day of adoption of the US independence declaration. One foot "Freedom" stands on broken shakes.
  Visitors pass 356 steps to the crown of the Statue of Freedom or 192 Steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25 windows that symbolize earth precious stones and celestial rays covering the world. Seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize seven seas and seven continents (the Western geographical tradition has exactly seven continents).
  The total weight of copper used for the popular statue is 31 tons, and the total weight of its steel construction is 125 tons. The total weight of the concrete base is 27 thousand tons. The thickness of the copper coverage of the statue is 2.57 mm.
  Height from Earth to Torch tip - 93 meters, including base and pedestal. The height of the statue itself, from the top of the pedestal to the torch - 46 meters.
  The statue was built of subtle sheets of copper, minted in wooden forms. Formed sheets later were installed on a steel frame.
  Usually the statue is open to visitors, as a rule, arriving on the ferry. From the crown to which you can climb the stairs, there is an extensive view of the New York harbor. In the museum located in the Poddlecale, there is an exhibition of statue history.

  On the day of the celebration in the west of Satanist Halloween, we will talk about the sculpture, which became the symbol of the new Atlantis, as some United States of America call. The statue of liberty was officially opened in New York on October 28, 1886. What does she have and whom to depict?

  This is our article.

  Official story

  Sculpture is a gift of France to the World Exhibition of 1876 and the Century of American Independence. The statue holds a torch in the right hand and a sriciper in the left. The inscription on the rigged says "English. JULY IV MDCCLXXVI "(written by Roman numbers Date" July 4, 1776 "), this date is the day of adoption of the Declaration of Independence of the United States. One foot "Freedom" stands on broken shakes.

  Visitors pass 356 steps to the crown of the Statue of Freedom or 192 Steps to the top of the pedestal. In the crown there are 25 windows that symbolize earth precious stones and celestial rays covering the world. Seven rays on the crown of the statue symbolize seven seas and seven continents (Western geographical tradition has exactly seven continents: Africa, Europe, Asia, North America, South America, Antarctica, Australia).

  Statue of freedom in numbers:

  • Height from the top of the base to the torch 46.05 m
  • Height from land to the top of the pedestal 46.94 m
  • Height from Earth to Torch Torch 92.99 m
  • Statue growth 33.86 m
  • Length brush hand 5.00 m
  • Length of the index finger 2.44 m
  • Head from the top to the chin 5.26 m
  • Face width 3.05 m
  • Length of the eye 0.76 m
  • Nose length 1.37 m
  • Length of the right hand 12.80 m
  • The thickness of the right hand is 3.66 m
  • Waist thickness 10.67 m
  • Mouth width 0.91 m
  • Height plate 7.19 m
  • Width sign 4.14 m
  • Thickness plate 0.61 m
  • The thickness of the copper coating of a statue of 2.57 mm.
  • The total weight of copper used for low tide statues31 tons
  • The total weight of its steel structure is 125 tons.
  • The total weight of the concrete base is 27,000 tons.

  The statue was built of subtle sheets of copper, minted in wooden forms. Formed sheets later were installed on a steel frame.

  Usually the statue is open to visitors, as a rule, arriving on the ferry. From the crown to which you can climb the stairs, there is an extensive view of the New York harbor. In the museum located in the Poddlecale, there is an exhibition of statue history. You can climb the lift to the museum.

  The territory of Liberty Island (Freedom) originally belonged to the state of New Jersey, was subsequently in the Office of New York, and is currently in federal administration. Until 1956, the island was called "Bedlola Island" (English. Bedloe's Island), although it was also called the "Island of Freedom" from the beginning of the 20th century.

  In 1883, American poetess Emma Lazarus wrote a sonnet "New Colossus" (The New Colossus), dedicated to the Statue of Freedom. 20 years later, in 1903, it was engraved on the bronze plate and attached on the wall at the museum located in the pedestal statue. The famous last lines of "Freedom":

  "Keep, Ancient Lands, Your Storied Pomp!" Cries She.
  With Silent Lips. "Give ME Your Tired, Your Poor,
  Your Huddled Masses Yearning To Breathe Free
  The Wretched Refuse of Your Teeming Shore.
  Send These, The Homeless, Tempest-Tossed to Me,
  I LIFT MY LAMP BESIDE THE GOLDEN DOOR! "

  In Russian translation V. Lazarisa:

  "You, land ancient, she shouts, silent
  Lips without breaking, - to live in luxury empty,
  And I give from the depths of the bottomless
  Her rogue, people scored his
  Send me outkeys, homeless
  I am a candle at the Golden Door! "

  More close to text translation:

  "Leave, the Earth ancient, praise of centuries to yourself!"
  Call silently. "Give me tired of your people,
  
  
  
  

  What actually symbolizes the statue of freedom

  Statue of Liberty (yes, with a small letter), if you look at it without propaganda tinsel - this giant woman in a crown with a family rays, with a book and a torch in his hand ... who is she? Another fairy tale about the American dream and ideals of democracy, the national pride of the non-existent American nation? On the genuine origin and solarms of the sculpture, about its origins, originating in incompatible cultures or the financial side of the "Lady" existence, not accepted. Basnie about a gift in honor of Friend's friendship and the United States travels the world as traditionally as the ruddy Santa Claus is another brainchild of commerce. And we still overflow several pages of history back and see how it really was.

  The idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a statue belongs to Frederick Auguste Bartholdi - if you can call the idea of \u200b\u200bcreating a non-original monument that can boast only fragments of classical art and gigantic sizes. Bartholdi was born in 1834 in a rich Jewish family and studied from the famous masters of Paris - without much diligence, but overcrowded by ambitious plans. To get out of people, Bartholdi resorted to the help of influential relatives who had direct attitude towards free bricklayers.

  The influence of Masonry on the creation of the United States is known to be quite a lot, ranging from the founding fathers, to the symbolism of the dollar. Pyramids, steles, all-seeing eye, etc. Also decorate various government buildings in the United States. Let's notify that representatives of their fraternity on July 4, 1776 signed a declaration of independence, which discovered the path to creating an independent state (we wrote about this in the article "What is the US or why this state was created? (Part One)" http://inance.ru/ 2015/10 / USA-01 /).

  "What is the USA or why was this state created? (Part One) "http://inance.ru/201/015/10/USA-01/

  However, the most important US symbol is a statue of freedom - as a rule, no connections with Masonry are not made.

  Egyptian sketches

  In the 70s of the XIX century, under the control of free bricklayers in Egypt, the construction of a Suez canal occurred. A young ambitious Bartholdi came here, and his imagination was struck by the majestic monuments of this edge, who survived the millennium. So it was born in his head the idea to create something as tremendous and impressive that his name would perversize forever. Having met with the head of construction, Ferdinand Lesseps, Frederick convinced him to make it talk about his plan. The proposal looked like this: install a giant statue at the entrance to the future channel - it should have been twice as high as a large sphinx and serve as a lighthouse.

  Bartholdi decided not to wait for the muse, and to make an ambulance hand to make any layout for consideration by the local government (it was him attributed to the intended financing of the project). Yes, and it was not necessary to invent anything - this was already made by the ancient Greeks, created about 280 years before our era of Colossus Rhodes - one of the seven wonders of the world. This huge statue of an athletic young man, asked the view to the sea, was erected at the entrance to the harbor of the Island of Rhodes and subsequently partially destroyed by an earthquake.

  Bartholdi "Potted" layout in Egyptian clothes, put an amphora in his hand, and his head was crowned with a wreath. But Lesseps advised him to use the attributes of the ancient warrior God Mithra - God of the world, consent, and afterwards the Sun.

  Notes on the fields

  Mitra - the Indoiransky God of Light and the Sun, close to ancient Greek Helios. Its conventional attributes were chariot and a gold throne. Over time, the cult of Mitra penetrated into small Asia and has changed significantly. Mithra became the God of Friendship, who united, reconciled, defended, enriched people. Pictured his young men in short, fluttering clothes and Frigian cap. The cult of Mithra at the beginning of our era spread in the Roman Empire, enjoyed the patronage of emperors, was later displaced by Christianity.

  Special photo of the head of Freedom Statue at the World Exhibition in Paris in 1878.

  When the cult of God's cult was spread in ancient Rome, the following legends began to tell about the God of the Sun. He was born by a rock at sunrise. In one hand he held a sword, in the other hand torch. Mitra fought with the sun, won him and thus became his ally. After that, he subordinated to himself a bull (the symbol of ancient civilization), dragged him into his cave and killed him there. The bull's blood supported the ground, and the plants, fruits and small animals were rushed everywhere.

  The God of the Sun was honored in the entire Roman Empire. This is still today testify to four hundred sacrifices of sacrifices that have survived since that time. Especially read the god Mitra ordinary people who committed religious rites in his honor. Thanks to the soldiers, Mitraism became famous within the same time. Famous places of this cult exist mainly as Altari in the rocks.

  Mitra with rays and with an eagle, which later became the symbol of the USA

  Along with numerous symbols, the signs of the zodiac are engraved in them. The God of Mitra himself always takes the place of the Sun - the central constellation of the ancient Romans.

  Thus, the statue received a torch and seven-beacon crown from God Mitra, although there is another deity that looks likewise. Began to think over the title: "Progress, Light in Asia"? Or replace "progress" on "Egypt"? And then they remembered the painting "Freedom on the barricades" of the painter-romance Ezhen Delacroix. The word "freedom" is already tempting "glued" to the project of the statue, but the government refused to spend money on the Giant Istukan - so Bartholdi Nonolon-Bread returned to France.

  French embodiment

  Eugene Delacroix "Freedom on Barricades"

  The time to create a statue coincides with the entry of Bartolds to the Masonic Loop (Alsatian-Larring branch) - it was 1875.

  And I was approaching 1876 - the centenary anniversary of American independence. Hearing in the political circle of complaints about the absence of genuine masterpieces of art dedicated to freedom in America, the French senator and a member of the same order of free Masonicov, Eduard de Labule, decided to revive the project failing in Egypt. All this, of course, it was necessary to properly present in the masses: it was decided to "give" the statue of the states "in the sign of friendship between the peoples of the two countries."

  But the "gift" had to pay for both French and overseas ordinary citizens. A whole Franco-American Union, headed by Labule, was emergency, and in both states organized committees to organize fundraising. And at the head of the French headquarters, no one else became other as our old familiar - Ferdinand Lesseps! The campaign to collect funds in the States was headed by Joseph Pulitzer, later known as the creator of the most prestigious journalistic award, and then more - the publisher of the New York World newspaper. He, with understanding of all the subtleties of exposure to the masses, criticized the halts and Tolstosums, referring to ordinary Americans (the merchant was not a mistake - it significantly raised his newspaper's circulation). Nobody will definitely tell us how much money washed away the friendly gentlemen at this welfare case, but only in the USA thus seized $ 100,000.

  The main work on the creation of the statue did the famous French engineer Alexander Gustave Eifel (Bonikhausen), then known to his adventure to assign tremendous funds for fictitious work during the construction of the Panama Canal, but famous for the construction in the center of Paris.

  Eiffel also consisted in a Masonic bed, and another brother on the bed helped him from Panaman Afer, who at that time he served as the post of Prime Minister of France.

  French engineer Gustav Alexander Eifel (left) and Auguste Bartholdi (right)

  The Eiffel made all the calculations, and also designed the monument iron support and the supporting frame, which was then trimmed with metal sheets. Next, Bartolddi took the case again, and added several modern details: at the feet of the statue, he placed the "torn chains of tyranny", more similar to the chains that the statue itself was applied.

  In the left hand put the book of laws (Declaration of Independence), it was now "Lady" in Roman clothing.

  Some believe that Bartholdi gave her the features of his mother - Charlotte Beser, although at the same time a recently was recently widowed by Isabella Boyer, the wife of Isaac Singer, an entrepreneur in the field of channel equipment and sewing machines speaking by the sponsor of Jewish socialists together with Rothschild.

  Isabella Boier

  The process of making a statue in pictures

  American life statue

  After the manufacturer, the statue, hopelessly late for the event, was dedicated, was brought to the United States and was installed on the island of Bear (in the island of freedom he was renamed only in 1956). Later, it was here that business quarters appeared, dizzying skyscrapers and generally formed the largest financial center of the world.

  At the official opening of the Statue on October 28, 1886, representatives of free bricklayers were attended, inclusive with the President of the United States by Hverter with Cleveland. Patus speech was pronounced, apparently to give tribute to a skewered sarcamum:

  "We will never forget that freedom chose a house here, nor the fact that her chosen altar will never be abandoned."

  Inappropriate, nevertheless, nor patriotic feelings of a man-made "freedom" did not cause people. And Bartholdi had to somehow explain the suspicious symbolism of his brainchild: the torch is supposedly an attribute of enlightenment, and the crown is a symbol of seven oceans and seven continents.

  And now the time of the First World War came up - the right moment to be procured on patriotism of gullible inaders.

  Hey! It says freedom - we need millions of dollars and need now

  You buy loan bonds of freedom so that I do not die on the seals: "Get Behind The Government. Liberty Loan of 1917. " - "Stand up for the government. Freedom Liberty Liberty.

  Means taken from sales of these multicolored paper (under the guise of a genuine symbol of Freedom of America), and covered almost half of the military budget.

  Inscriptions on the poster of the First World War: standing behind the guys in the trenches. Victory. Buy bonds of freedom

  Catooing Freedom - Goddess of Darkness

  It is time to go to us to the most interesting. We previously indicated that the symbolically attributes of the Statue of Freedom can be attributed to the ancient God Mithra, the cult of which was distributed in the ancient Rome, the heir to Egypt (from where all Western civilization takes place), but they also indicated that there is another deity that looks likewise.

  Some believe that since the statue depicts the goddess of freedom, it means that this is a libera (Greek Bark or Persephone), which was the deity of fertility, but also the underground world in the ancient Roman mythology and religion. She was often identified with the godders of Proserpina (among the Greeks of Persephone) or Ariad and his wife Dionysa-Lieber.

  Notes on the fields

  Bakhus (Greek - Dionysis) is a sense of vineyards, winemaking and wines. His wife was the goddess of Lieber, helped grapes and winemakers. Holiday in honor of this marital couple was celebrated on March 17 (close to Martov Idam, read about them http://inance.ru/2016/03/martidi-2016/) and was called Liberalia. In the cities on this day, besides solemn sacrifices, theatrical ideas were arranged, and in the countryside, he was marked by funny processions, jokes, dances and pirushkami with abundance of Limpius Bakhus Liber, "the liberating person from all kinds of worries", and his wife Liber. During Liberalia, victims and goddess Cerere were brought. The sanctuary of Libera and Liberas was placed in the church of Ceres. The cult of Bahus-Lieber was very close to the cult of Greek Dionysus.

  Dionysis, in turn, is the late interpretation of the ancient Egyptian God of Osiris, in connection with which many authors saw in Liber Widow (a widow pop up again) Oziris Isisida and Mother Mother.

  However, here you can find some oddities - why the goddess of freedom holds a torch in his hands, not a horn of abundance? Yes, and mentioned abundance goddess, with all their similarity, traditionally depicted otherwise.

  Persephone-bark-Libera with a horn of abundance and plow painting J. Colera "Zresza Bahus"

  But the goddess of Hekat, who was the ladies of hell, darkness, night visions and witchcraft, depicted precisely with a torch and horns on his head (according to legend in her hair there were still snakes, like a jellyfish Gorgon). By the way, it was believed that she was close to various goddesses of fertility in their chtonic functions and is largely close to Persephone, which was the wife of Aida, the god of the underground kingdom.

  I was identified from the goddess of the Moon of Selena, the owner of the underworld of the world by Persephone, the patroness of wild beasts Artemida. Employed with ambivalent functions. He acts as the leadership of the "wild hunting", connects the world of the dead and the world of living. Statues of hecato with torches and swords in ancient times were raised on the development of roads and in front of the houses to "keep evil spirits in fear." The most bright image is characterized by a connection with the moon, which was considered to be satisfied with madness or obsession and in general personiform the dark side of the female start.

  Hecato is associated with magical traditions and rituals. In ancient times, people tried to lose her, leaving the heap of chickens and honey cakes in front of their doors. On the last day of the month at the intersection, gifts were brought - honey, onions, fish and eggs, with victims in the form of dolls, babies girls and lambs of female. In the sorcerers gathered at the intersections to "testify respect to her and such characters as" Embus "- the house; "Kekropsis" - Poltergeist; And "Miro" - a vampire.

  One occult appeal of polybugs to Hekaten was recorded in the III century St. Ippolitis Roman in the Philosophers (full title "Philosophical opinions or jerseys on all heresy", which consists of 10 books; In the first four books, the author considers the opinions of Greek philosophers and legends ancient pagan Magic and astrology, former, in his opinion, sources of heresy in the Christian world; In five books, heretical teachings are considered, starting with the oldest and ending with sections of the II century. - Callistian and Elkazyov; The tenth book presents a reduction in preceding):

  "Provide, hellish, earthly and heavenly BOMBO (hecata), the goddess of wide roads, intersections, you, who goes there and here at night with a torch in your hand, the enemy of the day. Friends and beloved darkness, you, who rejoices when the bitches are spending and pouring warm blood, you wander among ghosts and graves, you who satisfy thirst for blood, you who call fear in the mortal souls of children, Goro, Moro, Moon, In a thousand species, throw your gracious look at our sacrifice "(RUSS. Pen. See" Orthodox Review "for 1871. The Archprises. Ivantov Platonov," Yersiy and splits of the first three centuries of Christianity "/ Sovr. From book house "Librok", 2011, Serie: Academy of Fundamental Research: History).

  It is characteristic that the Oblitis of the Roman Hippolyte became known only since 1841, when Greek philologist Konstantin Minoid Mina allegedly acquired in the Athos Monastery for the French government, part of the manuscript of the XIV century "Dawn", which at the place of its further stay was called "Paris": Parisinus Suppl . GR. 464 Saec. XIV, Bombicinus, Truncus, Foll. 1-132, 137, 133-136; 215 × 145 mm (Textus: 160 × 105-115 mm, 23-28 Versus), he was a partial list with "philosophers", which was associated with Origen before it, but later the authorship was recognized as a hippolic.

  According to the Philosophers, the power of the chambers spread to a temporary sphere consisting of three parts - the past, present and future. The goddess drained her witchcraft from the moon with three phases - new, full and old. Like Artemis, it was accompanied by a dog's joint everywhere, but the hunting chambers are the night hunting among the dead, the graves and ghosts of the underworld. Hecate sacrificed food and dogs, its attributes were torch, scourge and snakes.

  Occultims have been racked by the correspondence in Indian mythology - Cali - goddess of time, destruction and transformation. The period of time to which modernity is believed in Hinduism is called Kali South, i.e. He "patronate" by Kali (Hekata).

  Caves were considered cult places. Her ancient altars were circular, with different inscriptions on them. For the genuine, the Greeks were used by the so-called. "Circle chaps" - a golden ball with sapphire inside. How he worked - not very clear.

  Other chtonic deities (Hermes, Aid, Persephone and Gay) were connected to the hacaty, as well as Zeus, Rei, Demeter, Mithos, Kibel and the solar gods Helios and Apollo. The names of the chtonic gods - Hermes, Aida, Persephone and gays are also more often found on defixions (signs with curses), and Zeus and Reia are featured in "Chaldean Oraclaces" (and Zeus as a central deity).

  Over time, some other goddesses are partially identified with chapels, such as Brimo, despony, Etody, Genetillid, Cotida, Kratide and Kototrof. In addition, it began to bring it closer, and often to identify with such goddesses like Artemis, Selena, Mena, Persephone, Physics, Bonida, Bona Dea, Diana, Ereshkigal and Isida.

  Often hekata was associated with Hermes, because of all representatives of the male part of Greek Pantheon, he was most closely related to the ideas of the frontier and the threshold. On the defixions of Hermes, Khthoni is often mentioned together with Hekatoy Chtonia.

  Hermes with baby Dionysus. Sculpture of Prakkitel. Middle IV century BC

  The statue of Hermes of Propilasky, who stood, according to PAsania, at the entrance to the Athenian Acropolis, performed the same protective function as the images of the hectares of propylene. And in the binding spell from the Greek magic papyrus 22, the names of the two of these deities are even connected in a single name:

  "Expanding the Western, the mistress of corpses, Hermes, Hekata, Hermekat."

  In the ancient times, a kind of practice was told. Lead signs were made (lead - metal Saturn), buried to the ground or sinking into the burial, in which the petitioner turned to Hermes underground and hepate the underground with the intention to cause harm and damage to his enemy. For example:

  "I betraye and Canary Hermes Chtonic and the conqueror Hermes. Ophelion Curse "

  For curses, in addition to Hermes and Hecats, Gay, Persephone and Aid were called. Formula is often found:

  "As this lead is dry and soul and the enemy of my enemy, let them be dry and soulless."

  More ancient roots

  If you look wider, then Isis, Persephone, Hekat, Ceres, Aphrodite, Athena, Artemis and many, many other women's goddesses, one way or another are reflections of the ancillary oldest unified cult of the Mother Goddess.

  Often the Goddess Mother correlates with the Earth, it is the utmost embodiment of a female creative principle. Like the goddess of later religions, whose image goes back to the prehistoric image of the mother's goddess, it is also associated with caves in different cultures (which are perceived as a goddess Lono), water elements, vegetation, astral objects, which indicates the universal nature of the cult of this deity. Mother gives life, so the most important attribute is fertility. But in the ancient mythology, the goddess mother not only gave life, but also selected. Hence it often she and the goddess of the underground kingdom.

  Ancient famous cults

  In ancient times, the cult of mother was almost universal. Archeology gives evidence of widespread the cult of the mother in the Stone Age. On a huge space from Pyrenees to Siberia: In the Darairovskaya India, in the Damius Palestine, in Phenicia, in Sumer and today are women's figures cut from stone or bone. Such statuettes are called Paleolithic "Venus". They have common features: big breasts, hips, belly. Head and hands are not expressed or absent.

  In the era of Neolith, the idea of \u200b\u200bthe female principle as the source of everything under the influence of the changed living conditions was transformed, but did not lose their initial essence.

  It should be noted that different cultures have entered the so-called Neolithic period at different times: in the Middle East, it has neopled about 9,500 years before. e., that is, about 11,500 years ago, just after the global catastrophe, which entered the myths of many nations, like a global flood. Therefore, some transformations of ancient cult are not surprising.

  In the Neolithic art, the mother's goddess was sometimes portrayed with a child in her arms or in the form of a giving birth (in the Chatal-Hyuk, it is depicted by the giving birth of bulls and rams - antiquity symbols by the way). The image of the mother's goddess is a "projection" of the mature stage of the life of a woman, unlike the two other images of the young Virgin and the old ancestral. This cult lived to historic times in the collective image of the Great Mother of the Middle East and the Greek Roman World. His religious continuity is clearly traced in the images of such well-known goddesses as Isis, Nut and Maat in Egypt; Ishtar, Astarta and Lilith of a fertile crescent region; Demeter, Bark and Hera in Greece; Atargatis, Ceres and Kibel in Rome (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8F-%D0%BC% D0% B0% D1% 82% D1% 8C)

  In the Celtic mythology it was Goddess Danu.

  The most bright cult of the Mother's Goddess was manifested in Celtic mythology and, first of all, the best preserved Irish and Welsh sahagas. In the Irish mythology and the first place of the Great Mother of the Divine Creator or the Great Mother of the Planet, the Earth was considered the goddess Danu. Danu was recognized by the mother of the great-grandfather of the gods, which were part of the daughre divine race of the inhabitants of Ireland (and Wales). This race was so called - the tribe or family of Goddess Danu or Tuat De Danann, that again refers us to the dopup times, when the past global civilization was divided into two races: long-livers, because almost gods, - Ras Lords, and short-lived slaves, From which after a global catastrophe and the current humanity went. This is read about this "Atlantic background of slavery of the current planetary civilization" http://inance.ru/2015/08/atlantida/

  "Atlantic prehistory of slavery of the current planetary civilization" http://inance.ru/2015/08/atlantida/

  The main gods and goddess of the tribe goddess Danan were Dagda, Mornannan, Ogma, Luga, Morrigan, Breepit and others. They were highly magnificently folded ceiling men and women with light rusia, golden (according to some data, reddish) hair and blue eyes. Men's gods wore beards and had an athletic figure, goddess - women - a slim female figure with long legs, a thin waist and irresistible appearance. The gods and goddess of the goddess of Goddess Danan belonged to the sunny gods and goddesses, which is confirmed by a widespread opinion that Danu was the wife of Sun Belenus.

  On the one hand, Danan was considered the goddess of fertility and abundance, that is, the whole thing that grows and develops, on the other hand, she was the goddess of the underwor world - the world of death. Dana was also the goddess of light and water. In rare images of the goddess, it was depicted by the scene, in the underground world and turning into the Hero.

  Some researchers believe that the symbolic image is given by Celts and Galov, there were statues, bas-reliefs and drawings of three deities-Matron, nursing babies holding a horn of abundance or fruit baskets (symbols of abundance, fertility and saturation) associated with the cult of Mother Earth (http://www.dopotopa.com/emansipirovannye_zhenskie_obschestva_-_vzgljag_iz_glubiny_vekov.html).

  Shimerov

  Summerians - tribes of unknown origin, in con. 4th thousand to n. e. Asshed the Tiger Valley and Euphrates and formed the first in the city-state two-frekter. The Sumerian period of the history of the two-frequencies covers about one and a half thousand years, it ends in con. 3 - Nach. 2nd thousand to n. e. t. n. The III dynasty of the city of the city and the Dynasty of Isin and Lars, of which the latter was only partially Sumerian.

  One of the most typical images used by the Shummerians is the image of a mother's goddess (in the iconography with it sometimes connect images of a woman with a child in her arms), which was revered under different names: Damgalnuna, Ningursag, Ningmets (MAX), NIGTU. Mom, mom. Akkada variants of the image of the Goddess Mother - Bellihi ("Lady of the Gods"), the same moms (having an epithet "helping during childbirth") and Aruuru - the creator of people in Assyrian and Novovavilon myths, and in the Epos about Gilgamesh - "Wild" Human (the symbol of the first battle) Enkid. It is possible that the goddess of the Mother's goddess are connected and the patroness of the cities: so, the Sumerian goddesses Bay and Gatumdug also bear the epithets "Mother", "Mother of all cities".

  In the myths about the gods of fertility, a close relationship of myth with a cult is traced. In the cult songs from Hurray (Kon. 3rd thousand BC. E.) It is said about the love of Lukur Priestess (one of the significant priests) to the king of Shu-Suan and emphasizes the sacred and official nature of their compound. The hymns of the dynastic kings of the III dynasty of the HR and I of the Dynasty of Isin also show that between the king (at the same time the Supreme Priest "Enon") and the Supreme Priesce Which Acquadges later became called Ishtar.

  Pay attention to the symbols of owls, lions, snakes (hair Ishtar) taken by Masons.

  Sometimes it was depicted with a star on the head:

  The content of the works of Innan-Ishtar (components of the Unified Cycle "Innana-Dumuzi") includes the motives of courtship and wedding of the heroes of the gods, the descent of the goddess to the underground kingdom ("country without refund") and the replacement of her hero, the death of the hero and crying on it And the return of the hero to the Earth. All products of the cycle are in anticipation of the drama-action, which constituted the basis of the ritual and figuratively embodied the metaphor "Life - Death - Life". The numerous of the variants of the myth, as well as the images of leaving (dying) and returning deities (which in this case does the Dumuza stand), is associated, as in the case of a goddess-mother, with the disconnectness of the Sumerian communities and with the metaphor itself "Life - Death - Life" , all the time changing your appearance, but constant and unchanged in your update.

  In 2 minutes. BC. e. The cult of Ishtar spread wide among the Hurrites, Hittites, Mitananians, Phoenicians (corresponds to the Phoenician Astarta). Three main functions of Ishtar are distinguished: the goddess of fertility and carnal love; The goddess of war and the distribution; The astral deity, the personification of the planet Venus, is associated the day of the week - Friday (now the day of the universal booze after the working week).

  Ishtar - In the Akkadian mythology, the female deity corresponding to Sumerian Inanna. Ishtar Goddess of War and Love. She offers his love and the patronage of the famous hero of Gilgamesh. But he refuses, knowing the evil fate of her former beloved. Ishtar Mastit Gilgamesh, sending a terrible celestial bull to his city (again this symbol of ancient civilization). However, Gilgamesh with Enkid kill him. Ishtar also descends in the underworld for his beloved Tammuz, threatening the goddess of the Underground World Ereshkigal to release all the dead to Earth. But Ereshkigal kits the goddess of fertility and only agreed to the persuasion of his advisers, sprinkles her living water. After that, Ishtar returns to Earth with the Saved Tammuz.

  The period of ancient civilizations

  With the Egyptian, Greek and Roman period of life, the goddess mother can be found through the myths and legends of ancient Egypt, ancient Greece and Rome. Above, we wrote about Iside, Hekate, Persephone and other hypothesis of the goddess Mother, so we will not deepen. But the medieval period of life of the mother's goddess is characterized not only by the cult of Our Lady of Jesus, but also the cult, who gave him the beginning.

  Early medieval

  We are in the article about Ivan Grozny (http://inance.ru/2016/08/ivan-groznij/) wrote that in the history of the West, the myth was disseminated that the Middle Ages on the territory of the current European was the time of permanent wars and the Inquisition. There is a different opinion on this score from the Belgian financier of Bernard A. Layetara, which he set out in the book "Shower of Money" (Bernard A. Letar. Money shower. - M.: Olympus: AST: Astrel. 2007. - 365 p. ). In his opinion, from the X to the XIII century, Europe economically flourished, it is at this time a huge number of temples are built, people consume good food and increase higher and healthier than Europeans of the dark centuries.

  "Some historians even declare the quality of life ordinary people were highest in European history During the specific economic boom! We give the statements of French historians. Historian forgo: "For France, the XIII century was the last century, known as" universal prosperity ". The historian Francois ICter: "Between the XI and XIII centuries, the Western world flourished, which confirmed the unprecedented demographic explosion in the history." Historian Damashka: "Time between 1150 and 1250 is a period of rapid development, economic prosperity, which we can hardly submit today."

  Between the 1000 and 1300 years, the population as a whole was estimated to achieve unprecedented growth, having increased twice. In fact, only by 1700, the population of England restored its number and reached the level of 1300! ".

  As for religion, the unequivocal opinion is dominated in this matter that almost all of Europe was Catholic, especially after the division of churches in 1054. However, Letar adheres to another opinion. He discovered the connection of the economic prosperity of the European Society with the religious system, which he called: "The cult of black Madonna."

  1. In contrast to modern Christian traditions, all official documents ... always put the name of the Black Madonna beforethe name of Christ.
  2. A number of famous religious figures who later became the Holy Latin Church, worshiped Black Madonna. Jeanne D'Ark prayed to Black Madonna, known as Notre Dame Miraculeuse (wonderful). The legend argues that Jesus Christ himself surrounded by four evangelists worshiped the statue of black Madonna.
  3. The first unusual feature of the legend, attributed to most black Madonn, and only with these types of statues - a statement that the statue was not done, but necessarily found near or even in the most ancient pagan symbolic place, for example, in dolmen.

  Moreover, these statues are important marks on the road to Santiago de Compostela.

  This road is one of the oldest pre-Christian paths in Europe, as was proven by marks belonging to the Stone Age. All this means that the cult of black Madonna belongs to the oldest religious cults, a famous person. French author Jacques Bonvin concludes:

  "Only Black Madonna was able to crystallize all the beliefs of pagan traditions with the Christian faith, without falsifying at least one of all countless beliefs. In this black Madonna is unique. "

  1. No original Black Madonna dates back to the XIII century.
  2. Sculpture is always represented by the "virgin in magnitude", where the sitting mother and a child look at one point in a distant perspective.
  1. It is always invariably placed in the place of the prechristian cult of the Celtic or other pagan mother of the goddess. Even when the whole cathedral was built for her, she is always stored in the sclepe near the cathedral.
  2. The sanctuary was often located near the holy sources or wells, or near the stones of prehistoric cults.
  3. The legend associated with the statue is usually clear eastern element: Crusader, who brought a statue from the East, pilgrims on the Holy Land, saved, awakened by her, etc.
  4. The official title attached to this statue is Alma Mater - "Noble mother."
  5. The face of the virgin always and her hands are almost always - black, thus, its name is justified - "Black Madonna".

  Blacknomatically decreased by the Roman Church. Until today, the church tried to explain black as a random, as a result of smoke from candles. But if the face and the hands of the virgin and the child were originally black, why their multicolored clothes were also discolored, and why didn't the same process deal with other statues of the same period? In a number of historically proven cases, priests, subject to Rome, repainted the face and hands of the shrine in white.

  In the temple of Diana in Ephesus, one of the seven wonders of the ancient world, read fully black Statue of the goddess. It is in this city, it is assumed, Mary lived after the death of Christ, and her ascension occurred in the place called karatchalti. (literally "black stone").

  Monastery Mega Spyleon. Greece. It is believed that this icon was created by the evangelist of Luke.

  Mother Earth

  The question of decrypting the image is multi-rival and depends, probably, from the morality of the applicant for a secret meaning. The most literal reading that black Madonna symbolizes mother earthand the child represents humanity, each of us. Moreover, one of the first images of the Virgin Mary, who gives the breast of the baby to Christ, was located in the Christian monastery in Heriemee, Egyptian Sahara, and is obviously inspired by Egyptian iconography with the image of Isis, a nursing mountain.

  By the way, the legend reports that in Egypt, people adored "Mary Maria" even before the birth of Christ, because Jeremiah predicted them that the Savior would be born from Virgin. Standard encyclopedias dedicated to classical mythology contain entire sections dedicated to "Issida identification with the Virgin Mary » .

  Bernard Letar discovered that the fall of the Black Madonna cult was taking place simultaneously with the change of the financial system and "accompanied by a powerful decline in the standard of living of ordinary people." In the book with a meaningful name " Before Black death "The author dismisses the study of the period into a modern level and refutes the former idea that black death was the cause of decline. On the contrary, the plague turns out consequence Economic decline, which began 50 years before her.

  Today

  One of the most interesting images of the Goddess Mother created an artist Jew Leon Bakst in his picture "Ancient Horror" (1908), on which he portrayed not only an ancient goddess, but also a flood destroying the previous Atlantic civilization.

  Interesting details: On the left side of the picture - a dying city with a huge statue of a warrior, and on the right - buildings, architecturally close to Egyptian, who survived on the elevation. In the middle in classical Masonic colors: White, Blue and Red - Venus herself, melancholically discrepancing for disaster and something mysterious, like Leonard Joconde, smiling, holding a pigeon in his left hand who has become a symbol of the world.

  It should be noted that from the middle of the 20th century there is an active promotion of phenimism, the beginning of which many are mainly referred to as the spiritual movement of the XIX and the early XX centuries, in which the key issues were ownership for married women and the right to vote for women. This process is accompanied by the appearance of female symbols in culture.

  In addition to the total use of the image of women, to influence instinctive programs of men, not far from the type of the device of their psyche from PAVIANS, images of "strong women" more and more often appear in mass culture: from politicians and public figures of different levels to cinema.

  Found an interesting "ozhesty" the sculpture of the Attribute of the "Bogomnik" Hermes of Trismegist - Cadouce (Latin word Caduceum happened from the Greek "Bulletin, Harbinger", and in Greek it has a common root with the word rooster, the grand forever in the morning and the sun), which sculptor James N. Muir (James Muir), performed in the form of a figure of a woman, accruiling snakes, in the seven-eye crown (as well as a statue of freedom) and with wings (as the Goddess Ishtar). At the same time, the caduceus, as it were, hatching from the planet Earth, split at the feet of the statue.

  Does all this mean that someone, losing control, is trying to return the ancient cult of the mother's goddess, which has long been deeply sealed inside the secret manual structures?

  It may well be ...

  Conclusion

  Today, the statue of freedom is uncovered not worse than the Eiffel Tower and the pyramids in Giza, continuing to bring revenues of the "Favorites" circle. And the statue is everything on the pedestal, at the base of which words are carved:

  "Give me tired of your people,
  All thirsty sigh freely abandoned in need
  Of the close banks of the banks, poor and orphans.
  So shove them, homeless and exhausted, to me,
  I raise my torch from the Golden Gate! "

  Only what gate? Gate to what kingdom? Underground? Darkness, hell and hell? Symbolically - it can very well ... Although the symbolism of female goddesses goes into a deep past and is connected with the cult of Mother Earth. But, if we talk about the statue of freedom, then it is most like a hacatoo.

  The main symbol of the United States is not someone else as a statue created by the hands of the French Mason, depicting the ancient Divine of Hekato, which leads its "pedigree" from the doptopful cults of the Mother's goddess, which has always performed the custodian of the underground world.

  By the way, the traditional rivalry of France and England also put a fingerprint on the history of the statue. France supported the efforts of American masons to gain independence from Britain, with which then conflicted. Versailles clearly dreamed, so that London stops claiming marine dominion. Not because of this whether the seas and continents are symbolically given to the power of the goddess of darkness, which waters off their feet behind the Hercules pillars?

  Will the Americans be able to negotiate in their culture a dark chtonic past goddesses of darkness, nights, underground kings of the dead and make a statue of freedom - the statue of the Mother Earth? At this stage, it is unlikely.

  These are a brief history and excursion to the prehistory of the main symbol of the United States, which, in fact, has a rather sinister origin.

  Statue of Liberty or, as it is also called, Lady Freedom, for many years symbolizes the spread of freedom and democracy. A bright symbol of liberation is to pop up the statue of broken shackles. An impressive design is located on the mainland North America in New York, invariably appears to the gaze of all its guests and gives the most unforgettable impressions.

  Creating a statue of freedom

  The monument went down in history as a US gift from the French government. According to the official version, this event occurred in honor of the celebration of America 100 years from the date of independence, as well as in friendship between the two states. The author of the project was the leader of the French Anti-Welded Movement Eduar Rene Lef Educa de Labuele.
  

  Work on the creation of a statue began in 1875 in France and were completed in 1884. He headed their Frederick Auguste Bartholdi, a talented French sculptor. It was this outstanding person for 10 years to create a future symbol of world-wide freedom in his artistic studio.
  

  Works were in collaboration with the best minds of France. Gustave Eifel, the developer of the project of creating the Eiffel Tower, took part in creating the design of the internal steel frame of the famous statue. Work continued one of his assistants, engineer Maurice Kehlin.
  

  The solemn ceremony of awarding the French gift to American colleagues was scheduled for July 1876. An obstacle on the way to the implementation of the conceived was a banal lack of funds. The President of America Grover Cleveland was able to adopt a gift of the French government in a solemn atmosphere only 10 years later. The date of the solemn transfer of the statue was October 1886. The island of Bedlow was appointed a place to hold a historic scale ceremony. After 70 years, he got the name of the "Island of Freedom".
  

  Description of the legendary attraction

  The statue of freedom is listed in the list of the most famous world masterpieces. Her right hand proudly takes a torch, while the left demonstrates a sign with writing. The inscription indicates the date of the most important event for the entire American people - the Independence Day of the United States of America.
  

  Impressive dimensions of Lady of Freedom. Its height from the ground to the top of the torch is 93 meters. Head sizes - 5.26 meters, nasal length - 1.37 m, eyes - 0.76 m, hands - 12.8 meters, the length of each brush is 5 m. The size of the plate is 7.19 m.

  Curiously made a statue of freedom. To cast her body, at least 31 tons of copper needed. The whole steel design weighs in general about 125 tons.
  

  25 windows of the review, located in the crown, act as a symbol of the country's wealth. And the rays emerging from it in the amount of 7 pieces are a symbol of seven continents and seas. In addition to this, they symbolize the expansion of freedom in all directions.
  

  Traditionally, the location of the monument gets on the ferry. The favorite place to visit is the crown. To rejoice in local landscapes and views of the New York coast from height, it is necessary to rise to a special platform inside it. To this end, visitors will have to overcome a large number of steps - 192 to the top of the pedestal, and then 356 already in the body itself.
  

  As a reward in front of the most insistent visitors, extensive views of New York with its picturesque surroundings are opened. No less interesting pedestal, where there is a museum with historical expositions located in it.
  

  Little-known interesting facts about the statue of freedom

  The period of creation and subsequent existence of the monument is filled with entertaining facts and stories. Some of them are not covered even when visiting tourists from New York.

  The first name of the statue of freedom

  Statue of Liberty is the name under which the masterpiece knows all over the world. At first, she was known as the "Liberty Enlighting The World" - "Freedom, Illicing Peace". First time, instead of it, it was planned to build a monument in the form of a farmer with a torch in hand. The place of establishment was to become the territory of Egypt at the entrance to the Suez Canal. Sharply changed plans of the Egyptian government prevented this.
  

  Prim of Freedom Statue

  The information is common that the face of the statue of freedom is nothing more than the fiction of the author. However, two versions of its origin are known. According to the first prototype of the face, the face of the famous model of the French origin Isabella Boyer became. On the other Frederick Bartholdi perpetuated in the monument the face of his own mother.
  

  Metamorphosis with color

  Immediately after the creation, the statue was distinguished by a bright golden orange. In St. Petersburg, visitors to the Hermitage can see the picture, where it is captured in its original form. Today, the monument acquired green. This is due to patination - a process in which the metal acquires a blue-green shade, interacting with air. Such a transformation of the American symbol lasted for 25 years, which is imprinted on numerous photos. The copper cover of the statue oxidized naturally, which can be observed today.
  

  "Traveling" Heads Lady Freedom

  A little-known fact: before all parts of the French gifts were collected in New York, the statue of freedom had to travel for some time in the country disassembled. Her head was exhibited in one of the Philadelphian museums in 1878. The French, too, decided to enjoy an unprecedented spectacle before her departing to destination. In the same year, the head was put on everyone to see one of the Paris exhibitions.
  

  Ex-recordsman

  In the XXI century, there are buildings, superior to America in height and severity. However, during the development of the draft statue, its concrete base was the largest in the world and the most overall concrete structure. Outstanding records soon ceased to be such, but the monument is still associated in the world consciousness with all majestic and new.
  

  Gemini Statue of Freedom

  Many copies of the American symbol have been created all over the world, among them several dozen can be found in the United States. A couple of 9-meter copies can be seen in the vicinity of the New York National Bank of Freedom. Another, reduced to 3 meters a copy holding the Bible, decorates the state of California.
  

  The official copy-twin monument appeared in the late 80s of the XX century. The Americans presented it to the French people in friendship and appreciation. Today, this gift can be contemplated in Paris on one of the islands of the Sena rivers. The copy is reduced, however, it is capable of hitting the surrounding 11-meter height.
  

  Own copies of the monument erected inhabitants of Tokyo, Budapest, Lviv.

  Authorship reduced to a minimum copy belongs to residents of Western Ukraine - Sculptor Mikhail Kodko and architect Alexander Bezu. You can see this masterpiece of contemporary art in Uzhgorod, in Transcarpathia. The comic sculpture is made of bronze, has only 30 cm in height and weighs about 4 kg. Today, it symbolizes the desire of the local population for self-expression and is known as the most miniature copy in the world.
  

  Extreme "Adventures" of Monument

  In his century, the statue of freedom survived a lot. In July 1916, a cruel terrorist attack occurred in America. The Black Tom Island is located nearby Island Island Island, which are comparable in their power with an earthquake of about 5.5 points. Their culprits were saboteurs from Germany. During these events, the monument was severe damage to some of its parts.
  

  In 1983, in front of the numerous public, Illusionist David Copperfield conducted an unforgettable experiment to the disappearance of the Statue of Freedom. The original focus was faced with fame. A huge statue really disappeared, and the stunned audience was in vain trying to find a logical explanation to what he saw. In addition to the perfect wonders, the Copperfield surprised the light ring around the Statue of Liberty and another next to her.
  

  Today, the US symbol is still majestically towers in heaven over New York, retains its important world importance and is the pride of the American nation. For America itself and other states, it is associated with the distribution of democratic values, freedom and independence worldwide. Since 1984, the Statue has become part of UNESCO World Heritage Site.