Western New Guinea. Western Irian Western Irian

10.10.2020

about country

Irian Jaya - This is part of the island of New Guinea, which is also called Western New Guinealocated in the west of the coast. Previously, this territory was called the Netherlands New Guinea (Western Iriana), and was joined in 1969 to Indonesia as a result of the company to expand the state border, which President Sukarno took. Since 1973, Western Irian got a name Irian JayaWhat is translated as "Victory Irian." And today, Irian Jaya is divided into two provinces: Papua and Western Papua, who know little about habits and traditions of each other, as they live apart.

The western part of Iriana from the north is washed by the Pacific Ocean, in the West - the Ceramic Sea, and in the south - the Arafura Sea, because it is here that people find the best plots of immersion Irian-Jay. The territory of Irian-Jay is 421.981 square meters, which represents 22% of the entire land territory of the Indonesian Peninsula. The main city of Western Iriana is the port of Jiapur. Highland dominates on the territory, since Irian Jaya Located in the south of the equator. In two parts of Western Irian divides the ridge of the Maok Maoca, which is fed on a huge territory from north to south. The highest point of Indonesia is the top of Punchk, the height of which is 5 030 m. Almost 75% of the island is covered with forests, most of which are impassable tropical thickets.

Today Irian Jaya Worldwide is considered the most detached from the outside world. Perhaps that is why diving, Indonesia For which it is the best place, here is developed so wide. Significant sections of the coast here are impassable due to mangrove marshes, and high mountains and thick jungle thickets are fully isolating the territory of the territory of the territory from each other. There are few roads, there is practically no marine and air communication, in view of which many people from distant villages have to clarify the news to wade themselves on dangerous and narrow trails often weeks. Because of such territorial fragmentation, the province of Irian-Jay has a huge variety of cultures and nationalities. Indonesiarepresented by this peninsula possesses even separate and peculiar tribes, which in their development barely survived the Stone Age. The most popular today is the asmaty tribe, which is called "head hunters." It acquired his fame in 1961, when Michael Rockefeller disappeared, the son of the governor from New York. All the newspapers of the world then transmitted the sensational news about the missing son of the governor, who went to Irian-Jay in search of items of this bloodthirsty tribe.

The least populated territory of Indonesia is Western Irian, where 1.56 million inhabitants live, which is the average population density in 4 people per square kilometer. More than a third of the population lives in rural areas, preferring to exist in small groups. As a rule, all settlements are located on the shores of the sea and in some fertility valleys, but there are people and in the province of border cities. Irian Jaya - Amazing place: Large territories in its province are generally not caught by people. The population moves between cities by sea and airplanes. Main settlements here are Mankovica, Biak, Merauke, Sorong and Jayapura (the population of the latter is almost 150 million people). Jayapura is an administrative center of Irian-Jay, as well as the largest city. He was founded by the Dutch, who claimed the northern coast of New Guinea. In the western part of Iriana, people communicate almost 300 different languages \u200b\u200bof the world, which are so different that the neighboring tribes do not understand each other. The state language of Indonesia is Bahasa Indonesia, which is used on the peninsula as a common language.

All in the climate of the peninsula serves to like to tourists. The climate here is tropical, hot and wet on the coasts. The rainy season begins in December and lasts until March, drought keeps on May to October. It is always hot and almost everywhere wet. Indonesia It is distinguished by hot summer, when the air temperature ranges from +24 to + 32 ° C, and warm winter with a temperature of +24 to + 28 ° C. The temperature in the mountains is below, there are even snow. Rain, watering Irian Jay very strong, especially in summer. In addition, there are incredibly long rivers, the main of which are tarika, Membermamo and Balia. Mangrove swamps and tidal forests in the southwest were formed as a result of the Indonesian rivers.

Flora and fauna

Western New Guineanot in vain is considered a paradise for lovers of nature. There is an incredibly huge number of fauna and flora representatives, striking by variety and splendor. Flora Irian Jaya Presented with a wide variety of meadows, mountains, quagm and swamps, tidal, tropical, coniferous and deciduous forests, where you can meet the abundance of fern, herbs, lian, moss, trees and flowers. Among the thick thickets of shrubs here you can see a wide variety of butterflies, more than 720 species of birds, 80 species of famous paradise birds. Indonesia's vertebral inhabitants are not much different from Australian animals: here you can see a kangaroo and fly. In the forests, you will certainly find turtles, snakes, musicals, opossums, dictums, rats and bats, samp cats and giant lizards. Plots of immersion Irian-Jay Attract tourists a varied underwater life where the real wonders of nature can be found.

The islands of the west coast, as well as the Bay of Paradise birds, are simply amazing coral reefs, which do not leave anyone indifferent. Among other areas studied, it is also worth noting the islands of Raja-Ampat, Peninsula Sorong, Cape Mankica, as well as the island of Biak. It is in these places diving, Indonesia For which he became the main place of such entertainment, the most common and deserves the attention of tourists. Indeed, such beauty can not do not attract: here and the magnificence of coral reefs, and deep-water walls, and real sharks, and the purest water, and the cave inhabitants are all the manitis of diving lovers, offering unforgettable feelings. Even the most sophisticated Rack divers will not be able to not attract ships, vessels and aircraft to the second world war. Diving in Irian Jaya - This is an exotic, which so manits all the seekers adventures, because it is here that you can see the amazing underwater kingdom and the wealth of marine life. If you wish, you can get and take a picture of the remnants of aircraft and warships, which have found their graves here. What pulls tourists here and animal lovers, ornithologists and diving fans? The answer is extremely simple: coastal lines outlined by white sands, as well as transparent water of greenish-bluish lagoon, which are framed by the lush greenery of real rainforests with their bizarre owners.

Most of the colonial empires finally broke up at least 40-50 years ago. However, the echoes of the colonial era still make themselves felt in a variety of corners of the globe. Most of the wars, including national liberation, referred to as separatist, in Asian countries, Africa, Oceania are associated with the colonial heritage. When European powers shared African, Asian, oceanian territories, they least thought about the compliance of the colonies of the real boundaries of historical and ethnocultural areas. As a result, after the formation of sovereign states, the problem of divided peoples, unnatural boundaries between countries established in the colonial era became universally. Some former colonies, in turn, turned into regional powers who oppose their national regions actually turned into "internal colonies". In this article, it will be discussed about the "internal colonization" by the Indonesians of the western part of the island of New Guinea and the long-term struggle of Papuans for their national liberation.

With the word "Papuas" at the average alignment, there are associations with savages living in the Stone Age and industrial cannibalism. What to hide - similar tribes, characterized by extremely low levels, exist in the wooded and highlands of the island of New Guinea and at present. But still, there is an independent state of Papua - New Guinea, which occupies the eastern part of the island of New Guinea and a number of adjacent islands (Northern Solomon Islands, Bismarck Archipelago, Islands D-Antcaster). Since 1884, the southeastern island has been under the control of the British Empire, was later transferred to Australia. Northeast to the defeat of Germany in the First World War was the German colony, and in 1920 he also hit Australia. In 1975, the eastern part of the island and the adjacent islands became an independent state of Papua - New Guinea. Today, this state is functioning, based on the considerable assistance of Australia - yesterday's metropolis, which continues to "patron" his former colony.

Western Irian

As for the western part of the island, New Guinea, it developed much more dramatic. Up until 1949, the western part of New Guinea was part of the Colony of Dutch East India. After in 1949, the Netherlands officially recognized the political sovereignty of Indonesia, according to bilateral agreements to the Indonesian Republican government, the entire fullness of power was passed on the territory of the former Dutch East India, with the exception of Western Iriana. The latter was decided to leave the Netherlands under the control of the Netherlands to the final settlement of the further fate of this province.

In 1950, at the negotiations between the Netherlands and Indonesia, the Dutch delegation rejected the proposal of the Indonesian government about the transition of Western Irian under the control of Indonesia. In February 1952, the Government of the Netherlands conducted amendment to the Constitution of the country, providing for the giving to Western Iriana status part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands. The desire of the Dutch authorities to preserve political power over the remote province of the former Dutch Ost-India was explained by economic reasons - Western Irian is a real storehouse of forests and minerals. Despite the decision of the Dutch government, Indonesia did not leave hope for joining its territory and Western Iriana. In January 1955, the radical Indonesian youth on Central Java declared the creation of the liberation army of Western Iriana with headquarters in Semarang. To May 1955, 72.5 thousand volunteers entered the ranks of the army. Young Indonesian declared their readiness at any time to speak in hands against Dutch colonialists, for the return of Indonesia, Western Irian Province.

The country's leadership took a course on the liberation of Western New Guinea from the Dutch colonialists, which was implemented in 1961-1962. As a result of the Indonesian-Dutch armed confrontation. The Indonesian leadership introduced the armed forces to the territory of the province, simultaneously holding up with the help of trade unions of Indonesian workers engaged in Dutch enterprises in Western Iriana, on strike. Also, Indonesian authorities declared the nationalization of Dutch enterprises and deportation of citizens of the Netherlands from the country. On August 15, 1962, the Netherlands were forced to sign an agreement on the transfer of Western Irian under the Office of the United Nations Interim Executive Administration in New York. Meanwhile, on October 19, 1961, the Congress of the peoples of Papua, who collected about forty-tribal leaders, decided to raise from November 1, 1961. The flag of Papua along with the flag of the Netherlands and the execution of the hymn of Papua, after the Netherlands anthem. On September 21, 1962, the UN General Assembly decided to transition from May 1, 1963. Western Irian Province under the Office of Indonesia. The former Dutch colony Western New Guinea received the name "Western Irian" (in 1969-1973), then the province of Irian Jay (1973-2002). In 2002-2005 Indonesian authorities decided to divide the territory into two separate provinces - Papua and West Papua.

Initially, Western Irian remained the most backward in the socio-economic and cultural attitude of the Indonesia region. Despite the fact that Indonesia - the country is quite densely populated, with a population of 253.5 million people, Western Irian remains unclosed territory. Most inhabitants live in rural areas in the villages. The huge spaces of the earth in the inside of the island are not populated and are actually not used due to the lack of normal roads and inaccessibility. In the largest city of Jayapur is the local university. Most of the population of Western Iriana, in contrast to the rest of Indonesia, belongs to Papuass and Melanesian peoples. Melanezian peoples inhabit coastal areas, Papuan - mainly mountainous and wooded inside of the island. The population of the provinces of Western Irian speaks at three hundred local languages, at the same time, the state language of Indonesia is used as a language of interethnic communication - Bahasa Indonesia.

The backwardness of Western Iriana is economically due to the undeveloped agriculture. Most Papuass and Melanesian villages exist due to primitive agriculture, hunting, fruit collection and berries. At the same time, Indonesia actively exploits the natural resources of Western New Guinea. Actually, it is natural resources that are one of the key items of interest of Indonesian power to this economic and cultural periphery of the country.

Copper, oil, natural gas, gold, uranium are mined in Western Iriana. The forest arrays of the western part of the island are also greater value. The forest is cut down and exported for sale. However, despite the fact that the natural resources of Papua Russian provinces are actively used by Indonesia to increase the country's budget, the overall standard of living of the Papuan and Melanesian population remains extremely low, which allows many political figures and experts to talk about Western Iriana as an "inner colony" of Indonesia. In addition to poverty, unemployment, constant problems associated with displacement from the original habitat due to the deforestation of forests and the development of minerals, the Papuans and the Melanesian population also faces with the manifestations of discrimination by Indonesians who are confessing Islam and related to the Mongoloid race.

Displeasement of the indigenous population of the Island of Indonesian politics entails the growth of separatist sentiment. Papuans and Melanesians accuse the central Indonesian authorities in the predatory exploitation of natural resources, with the fully disregard of the economic, social and cultural needs of the local population, in discrimination against indigenous people, the impact of the right of autonomy and self-government in Papua Russian provinces. Since the Indonesian authorities are clearly not configured to compromise with the local population, the latter does not remain the latter, except to choose the path of the national liberation struggle, illuminating into armed resistance to Indonesian authorities.

Motion "Free Papua"

Back in December 1963, almost immediately after the Western New Guinea passed under the Office of Indonesia, the free Papua movement (Indone. Organisasi Papua Merdeka, abbreviated by OPM). This organization, existing for half a century, has been conducting an armed struggle against Indonesian rule on the island, combining it with political campaigns around the world. The purpose of the movement is the separation of Western New Guinea from Indonesia, revising the strategy of the economic development of the island in the direction of the abandonment of the predatory and uncontrolled use of its natural resources and countering the spread of a modern westernized lifestyle on the territory of Western New Guinea. In other words, the movement "Free Papua" stands for economic self-sufficiency, social well-being and national identity of the region.

In recent decades, the twentieth century The movement "Free Papua" was used by the unlawful financial and methodological assistance from Libyan Jamahiriya. As you know, the Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi positioned himself with another of many national liberation movements of the world, and in the case of Papua, he considered supporting partisans and as a pressure method on Indonesia - one of the main allies of the United States in the Islamic world. In addition to Gaddafi, the Papuan national liberation movement collaborated with the New People's Army of the Philippines - Filipino Maoists, from the late 1940s leading partisan war in the Philippines. The fighters of the "Free Papua" movement passed combat training in the camps of the new People's Army, where many of them, in addition to military specialties, perceived the Maoist ideology.

Initially, the movement "Free Papua" proclaimed one of the most important goals of the refusal to any modern life, providing for evading cooperation with religious, governmental, charitable organizations. In turn, Indonesian leadership began repressive measures against the Papuan National Liberation Movement. In the territory of Western Iriana, a thirty thousand contingent of Indonesian troops, civil servants were posted. At the same time, the Ambassador of the United States Galbreyt argued about the need to reduce the number of Indonesian contingent on the island. From July 14 to August 2, 1969, a law on free elections was developed. 1025 Papuan Elders were selected, who took part in the voting by agreement with Indonesia. Naturally, they voted "for integration" with the Indonesian state. At the same time, most of the Papaus and Melanesian population of Western Iriana, the voting results were not recognized. The mass armed resistance to the Indonesian government began.

Supporters of the self-determination of Western Irian put forward a project to create an independent state Republic of West Papua. On Indonesia, this movement is prohibited, for the demonstration of the symbols of Papuan National Resistance, there is a risk of getting up to twenty years of imprisonment on charges of state treason. However, from the late 1960s. Papuats are fighting in the jungle of the island in order to achieve independence from Indonesia. In 1971, the creation of the Republic of West Papua was announced. ORM MET Commands Jafet Roimcore and Japate Prai developed a draft Constitution of the Republic of West Papua, however, because of the disagreements between the field commander, ORM soon split, which became a serious obstacle to the centralization of the Papuan National Liberation Movement. ORM (the "Free Papua" movement) was more an amorphous association that integrates a variety of groups led by their field commanders into a single resistant network.

In the second half of the 1970s. ARM began shares against foreign and Indonesian companies leading to the development of minerals in the territory of Western New Guinea. First of all, Papua Russian partisans have begun to send protest letters to the head offices of companies, and after the lack of reaction from the management of the companies switched to direct actions. From July 23 to September 7, 1977, a series of terrorist attacks against the FREEPORT mining company was organized: telephone cables were cut, a storage room was burned, several industrial facilities blown up.

In 1982, the Revolutionary Council of the Free Papua movement was established, the purpose of which was the organization of the International Campaign of Solidarity with the Papuass People, capable of achieving recognition of the independence of Papua countries of the West. In 1984, the guerrillas of ORM was attacked by the city of Jayapura - the capital of the province of Irian Jaya, but the Indonesian troops managed to relatively quickly disconnect the attacks of the rebels using the obvious power and technical superiority. This attack was used by the Indonesian military command to enhance antipovernment activities on the island. The fight against the partisans took the nature of the extermination of the indigenous population, as a result of which the mass flight of the residents of "cleaned" the villages across the border began - in Papua - New Guinea.

On February 14, 1986, FreePort was again notified of the upcoming protests of ORM. Following the letters, several sludge and fuel pipelines of the company were damaged. The result was substantial losses incurred as a result of the loss of suspension and diesel fuel. At the same time, the partisans set fire to the fuel line and fired police officers who arrived at the scene. On April 14, 1986, the ARM action was repeated - this time the pipelines and electrical cables were also damaged, the equipment was burned. The partisans fired the repair brigades attempted to approach the objects of the company. In January and August 1996, ORM fighters captured in the captivity of Indonesian and European specialists who worked as a rotational method at the mining company facilities. Two hostages were killed, the rest were released.

In July 1998, the Flag of Western Papua on the Water Tower of Cat Biak (Biak Island) was raised by the partisans. Next to the flag of several days was a group of rebels, which ultimately was arrested by Indonesian military authorities. Among the detainees during this action was the legendary leader of the national liberation movement Fillet Karma.

Currently, Firoep Jacob Samuel Karma (born on August 15, 1959) is considered one of the most famous Papuan figures of the national liberation movement. He was born in the family of the colonial civil servant Andreas Karma, who served in the Dutch administration. The origin helped the Fillet Carme to receive an education - he studied at Java, then in the Asian Institute of Management in Manila (Philippines). Farp Karma - two children. On July 2, 1998, he led the demonstration of the raising flag in Biake, was injured in both legs with rubber bullets. The court sentenced Karma to six and a half years of imprisonment for state treason, but after a ten-month stay in prison, the verdict was canceled.

On December 1, 2004, he raised the flag of the morning star (the National Papuan Flag) at the Jayapur ceremony, after which he was arrested and sentenced on charges of national treason to fifteen years of imprisonment. The International Amnesty Organization has brought a flepe of karma into a list of political prisoners - prisoners of conscience. The flag of the morning star is considered a national symbol of Western Papua. It is used since the days of the Netherlands management of Western New Guinea in 1949-1962. For the first time, it was raised on December 1, 1961, climbed along with the flag of the Netherlands and was canceled after the inclusion of Western Iriana in Indonesia in 1962. Since then, the flag is actively used by the movement of free Papua and other Papuass national liberation organizations. It is a red vertical strip with a white five-pointed star in the center and white cloth with blue transverse stripes. Only for one public demonstration of this flag in modern Indonesia, it is possible to "shock" several years of imprisonment on charges of state treason.

Despite the past decades and changing the political regime in Indonesia itself, the government does not manage to agree with the fighters for the independence of West Papua. On the territory of the two provinces, which since 2003, West Irian is divided, the sluggish civil war continues. For almost half a century, the resistance of the Indonesian occupation of the island, according to the movement of free Papua, about 500 thousand Papuans were killed by government troops. International estimates are more modest - about 100 thousand killed Papuans and Melanesians. Most of them are civilians who ended with victims of aviation strikes around the villages who supported the partisans, as well as the "stripping" villages in Indonesian security forces. That is, in the territory of Western Iriana there is a real genocide of the indigenous population, which is not paying attention to Western governments and most international organizations. On the other hand, Indonesian leadership seeks to keep the secrecy of the Papua and West Papua in the provinces of Papua and Western Papua, since the international publicity of the war crimes of the Indonesian administration is afraid. Foreign journalists and, in general, foreign citizens are extremely reluctant to the region.

In response, the Papua Russian partisans themselves also do not stop the active armed resistance to the Indonesian government. On October 24, 2011, the police chief of Mouli was shot at the airport by militants of the movement "Free Papua". On January 8, 2012, the partisans attacked the bus, transporting Indonesian civil and military persons, as a result of which 1 Indonesian police and three civilians were killed. On January 21, 2012, ORM members killed a migrant from Western Sumatra, thereby confirming their course to oppose the settlement of Western New Guinea by Indonesians. On April 8, 2012, the militants of ORM was attacked by a plane at Mulia airport. Five militants opened fire along the landed plane, as a result of which one civilian man was killed, both pilots were injured, a passenger and her child. July 9, 2012. The police and two Indonesians were killed. Such reports come from the provinces of Papua and West Papua almost every month.

Currently, ORM remains rather an amorphous than a centralized organization. Its internal structure is poorly studied even by Indonesian counterperturbes themselves and policemen. It is known that in 1996, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of ORM was Matias Venda, under the leadership of which about nine semi-autonomous armed divisions operated. Throughout the history of the existence of ORM, contradictions are observed between individual field commander, competing for the management of the movement as a whole. So, the set by the commanders of the ORM and the president of the temporary government of Western Papua, Yakov Prai - the head of the West Papua Senate. After the set by the retainer went to the Netherlands, the leadership of ORM assumed Yakov Prai. He created the Council of Commander from nine people, whose squads were based mainly on the border of Western Papua.

Benny Venda and his struggle

Among the most famous figures of the Papuan National Liberation Movement, personifying the struggle for free Papua in the West, bend, first of all, Benny Venda. He is a relatively young man. Born in 1975 in the Balia Valley in the Central Mountain District of Western Papua. When Venda was two years old, in 1977 there was an uprising of the 15-thousandth of the Lani tribe against the Indonesian military presence. The command of the Indonesian troops responded with aviation bombing villages of Lani. Many relatives of Wanda were killed, a two-year-old boy was damaged. From 1977 to 1983 Benny Wanda and his family hid, like thousands of other members of the tribe, in the jungle. After the Lani tribe capitulated, Benny went to study at the university in Jayapur, where he received a sociological education.

Benny Venda was elected an elder tribe, at the same time launching active political activities in the direction of the struggle for the self-determination of the people of Western Papua. He was elected by the Secretary General of the Tribal Assembly, created to preserve the customs and traditions of the tribes of Western Papua and the combined elders of the Mountain Tribal groups. The Tribal Assembly made full political independence from Indonesia and rejected any options for autonomy offered by the Indonesian government. In 2002, Benny Venda was convicted of organizing demonstration in support of independence, which turned into mass riots. During the excitement, Papuars killed a policeman and burned two stores. The arrest was used by Benny Venda for accusations of Indonesian authorities in political repression against the Papuan National Liberation Movement. At the same time, Benny for the incriminated acts threatened to 25 years in prison. However, the Papuan leader managed to escape from prison. With the help of activists, he was taken out in Papua - a new Guinea, where he was shortly delivered to his wife Maria Venda. Somewhat later, with the help of a European human rights organization, Venda received political asylum in the UK.

Meanwhile, the Indonesian government decided to arrest the Venda using Interpol. For this, he was introduced into the register of the wanted criminals. However, after the proceedings that carried an international character, in 2012, Interpol removed the Venda from the list of criminals, making the conclusion about the political injuries of his case by Indonesian authorities. Since then, the Vendan is legally operating in the UK, cooperating with the sympathetic Papuan national liberation movement by activists in Oxford University. Solidarity movement with Western Papua in the UK brings together student groups in British universities. There are representative offices in Oxford, the Hague and Port Morsby (the capital of Papua New Guinea).

In 2013, Benny Venda took a trip to the United States of America, Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea and Vanuatu, putting the task of familiarizing the public of these countries with the problems of Western Papua and the tasks of the national liberation movement. In April 2013, the headquarters of the free West Papua in Oxford was opened, which caused the negative reaction of the Indonesian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which caused the UK ambassador and explanations. In May 2013, Venda spoke before 2.5 thousand students in the Sydney Opera House, which also led to the claims of Indonesian leadership - this time already to the Australian authorities who allowed this event in Sydney. In addition to active political activities, Benny Venda and his wife Maria are world famous performers of traditional Music of West Papua. In 2008, they released the album "Songs of Freedom" (Ninalik Ndawi).

National Committee of West Papua

In addition to the movement for the free Papua (ORM), in the provinces of Papua and West Papua, as well as among Papua Russian students in other regions of Indonesia, the National Committee of the Western Papua (KNPB) operates. This organization was created on November 19, 2008 in Jayapur, to organize the referendum of Papuass and Melanesian peoples on the realization of the right to self-determination of the provinces of Papua and West Papua. Initially, the organization adhered to exclusively non-violent methods. Nevertheless, in April 2009, on a 15-thousand demonstration, which the Committee was organized, eight demonstrators were killed by Indonesian police.

In response, the Committee called on Papuass students studying in universities on Java, Bali, Makassare and Manado, return to Papua. Hundreds of young people responded to the proposal of the Committee, however, by returning to their native province, many of them were arrested. In 2010, the Committee organized new demonstrations, accompanied by clashes with police and security forces. Currently, the Committee has offices in Jakarta, Manado, as well as outside Indonesia. In 2010, the Chairman of the Committee was elected Bukthar Tabuni, the international press secretary - Viktor James. Soon they were both arrested and convicted for three years of imprisonment each for incitement to violation of state security of Indonesia. The Deputy Chairman of the Maco Taboney Committee on June 14, 2012 was killed by a group of police officers. Viktor Jaimo replaced the Tabunya Butard as Chairman of the Committee, but almost immediately ran from the territory of Western Iriana, fleeing from police repression.

Viktor Jaimo was born in 1983, a long time was a prominent activist of the Papuan National Liberation Movement, until he was elected by the Secretary General of the National Committee of the Western Papua, whose position and currently occupies. On October 21, 2009, he was arrested at the hotel in Abpare and was accused of state treason. On July 23, 2010, Jamieo was convicted of incitement to a state security violation. On December 1, 2012, on the day of the first raising of the National Flag of Papuans, the National Committee tried to demonstrate the dispersed police. On May 13, 2013, Jameim was again arrested during a march in Jayapur.

The problem of self-determination of Western Papua is unlikely to be solved in the foreseeable future. Indonesia and the transnational corporations standing behind her back will never go to the fact that the region, so-rich in forest and minerals, "was installed" and "closed" for foreign companies, as wishing fighters for independence. Therefore, it is worth expecting further continuation of the armed confrontation of government troops and rebels, attempts by Papuan public organizations to attract the attention of the world community to the problem of Western New Guinea. On the other hand, the nature of the nature of Western New Guinea becomes a serious obstacle to the Government troops of Indonesia. Up to 75% of the territory of the provinces of Papua and West Papua is covered with thick forests, a significant part is the mountains. This greatly makes the movement of military and police units. At the same time, the disunity of the Papaus and Melanesian population on hundreds of ethnic groups and tribes entails and obvious difficulties in the formation of a single national liberation movement with centralized leadership.

Creating the province of Central Irian-Jay was canceled. Western Irian Jay was already created by that time (6.02.2006), but its future is still unclear. February 7, 2007 She was renamed the province West Papua (Indone. Papua Barat).

Geography

Western New Guinea in the north is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, in the West - Sea Sea, in the south - the Arafur Sea, and in the east borders on Papua - New Guinea. The area of \u200b\u200b421 981 km² is 22% of the entire land territory of Indonesia. The biggest city is the Jayapura port. New Guinea is located south of the equator, highlands prevailing. Ridge Maoca, stretching from north to south, divides the island into two parts. Mount Jaya height 5030 m is the highest point of Indonesia. About 75% of the territory is covered with tropical forests, mostly impassable.

The climate is predominantly tropical, wet and hot on the coast; The rainy season lasts in the period from December to March, the dry season - from May to October; Characteristic minor seasonal temperature fluctuations. The climate is hot and almost everywhere is very wet. Summer temperatures fluctuate within +24 ... +32 ° C, in winter +24 ... +28 ° C. In the mountains, the temperature is lower, in some places there are never melting snowy fields. The rains are very strong, especially in the summer, the level of precipitation from 1300 to 5000 mm per year. Western New Guinea boasts the most long rivers of Indonesia, such as Balia, Mamberman and Tarik. In the south-west river, the river was caused by the formation of large mangrove marshes and tidal forests.

Flora and fauna

Western New Guinea is considered paradise for nature, it has a striking variety of flora and fauna. The plant world has representatives of mountains, meadows, marshes and quags, tropical, tidal, deciduous and coniferous forests, in which you can meet an endless set of herbs, plauines, a sorptemer, moss, lian, flowers and trees. Fauna province is also very diverse. A variety of plants form a live carpet here, intertwining with a hanging rope of a rainforest. Freshwater and terrestrial vertebrates are almost no different from animals encountered in Australia, including the sophisticated. In the forests and on open rocking grass, spaces can be found many varieties of snakes, turtles, amusements, dickelings, opossums, bats and rats (including the world's largest water rats (eng.)russiancapable of climbing trees), as well as giant lizards, kangaroo living on trees, and crowns. The West of New Guinea is known for its diversity of butterflies and many, about seven hundred, unique varieties of birds, including 80 varieties of paradise birds and a huge fluttering Kazaire. In coastal waters you can meet sea turtles and sirens.

To the east of Jayapura, on the shore of Humboldt Bay, there is a natural yotef nature reserve with many beautiful beaches, with the cows of several vessels, once dried during hostilities at sea. From the sower it is easy to reach the island reserve Raja Empath.

The end of the Dutch rule coincided with a confrontation company, begun by President Sukarno, who sent more than 2,000 Indonesian servicemen to province to provoke an anti-flare uprising, which ended with failure. The western part of New Guinea, who received the new name Western Irian, gradually passed under the management of the Indonesian government and the issue of joining the territory to Indonesia was to be decided by the referendum. In 1963 there was a first attempt to proclaim the local population of the Independent Republic of West Papua, the force of the Indonesian authorities.

Population

Western New Guinea is the least populated territory of Indonesia, with a population of 3.59 million inhabitants, which is an average of 8.64 people density. 1 km². More than three quarters of the population lives in rural areas with small disparate groups. All settlements are usually located in the coastal zone or in several fertile valleys. Large areas inside the island are not populated. Between cities, people are moving by airplanes or sea. The main settlements are Jayapura (population of 150 thousand people), Manokvari, Sorong, Merauke and Biak. Jayapura, the administrative center of the province of Papua and the largest Indonesian city on the island (261 thousand people. According to the 2010 census), it was based on the Dutch, claimed to the middle part of the northern coast of New Guinea. In Eastern suburbs, Jayapura is the building of the University of Chand-Ravassih. The University is located the Anthropological Museum, which stores the collection of objects of the material culture of the Asmat tribe. The figures and weapons of work of the workshops of this tribe, presented here, are distinguished by absolute harmony and aesthetic perfection and are highly measured by connoisseurs of primitivistic art. The asmat tribe lives on the southern coast of New Guinea. Along the shore of the Gulf Gumboldt settlements of the sepik tribe, known to the primitive painting of the wood bark and the manufacture of carved genital figures.

About 80% of the population speaks Papuass and Melanesian languages. Papuats live throughout the island, including on the coast, Melanesians - along the coast. Most paws live in small clan groups, isolated from each other. From the highland areas is the most extensive and available in its central part of the Balium Valley - a 72-kilometer stone corridor, which flows the Balia River. Here in small, scattered over the entire wide valley of the villages lives more than 200 thousand people from the Tribe Group. You can only get here by air. Trails and increasingly numerous car rings connect the center of Venama Valley with the rest of the villages. In Western New Guinea, there are also compact accommodation sites and other nations of Indonesia, including the descendants of Chinese and Dutch settlers. In Western New Guinea, they speak about 300 languages, most of which are not like each other. Indonesian Language Along with local dialects is used as a language of inter-ethnic communication.

Economy

Western New Guinea is the most remote and less developed part of Indonesia. Most of the rural population lives at the expense of agricultural products, complemented by hunting and harvesting in the forest of fruits and berries. The modern economy is concentrated in coastal cities and some cities in the central part and is based on mineral minerals. These are the world's largest copper stocks in Tempagapure, and the largest oil and natural gas deposits in Indonesia (about 40 km south-west of Jai mountain). There are significant reserves of gold and uranium. There are large stocks of forest and fish. Mining of copper and oil, forest processing and fishing little affects the increase in the standard of living of the local population. Such a situation helped the separatist organization "Movement for Free Papua" to get the support of the local population. This organization has chosen its goal of a copper mine in Tempagapur and forced several times the authorities to suspend production. After a century ago, oil was found in the West of New Guinea, the port city of Sorong (190 thousand inhabitants of 2010 census) was increased here with hotels and bars, where workers from other parts of Indonesia began to come.

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Excerpt characterizing Western New Guinea

"From the evening of unhealthy, they were very very, the third night does not sleep," the Denbrotsky voice interpretedly whispered. "You'll wake up the captain at first."
- Very important, from General Dashturova, "said Bolchovitinov, entering the discernly dissolved door. The day went ahead of him and began to wake someone:
- Your Honor, Your Honor - Cullery.
- I'm sorry, what? from whom? "Someone's voice said.
- from Dohturov and from Alexey Petrovich. Napoleon in Fominsky, - said Bolchovitinov, without seeing in the dark who asked him, but according to the sound of voice, assuming that it was not Konovnitsyn.
Awakened man yawned and stretched.
"I wanted to wake him up," he said, feeling something. - Pickyonek! Maybe so rumors.
"Here is the report," Bolchovitinov said, "ordered to give the General to the duty officer.
- Wait, fire Zagegu. Where are you, damn, always shove? "Turning to the breakdown, said a stretched person. It was Shcherbinin, Adjutant Konovnitsa. "I found, found," he added.
The Rubel fell fire, Shcherbinin fell a candlestick.
"Oh, nasty," he said with disgust.
Under the light of Spark Bolchovitinov saw the young face of Shcherbinin with a candle and in the front corner of another sleeping person. It was Konovnitsyn.
When I first blue and then a red flame tanned about the corrorts, Shcherbinin lit a greasy candle, from whose candlesticks ran out of her staggered, and inspected a messenger. Bolchovitinov was all in the mud and, wrapping the sleeve, smeared his face.
- Who comes? - said Shcherbinin, taking an envelope.
"Love is true," Bolchovitin said. - And the prisoners, and the Cossacks, and the lasselkers - all unanimously show the same thing.
"There is nothing to do, you need to wake," said Shcherbinin, getting up and approaching a man in a night cap, covered with a chinelle. - Peter Petrovich! - he said. Konovnitsyn did not move. - In the main headquarters! - He said, smiling, knowing that these words would probably wake him up. And indeed, the head in the night cap came up immediately. On the beautiful, solid face of Konovnitsyn, with feverishly inflamed cheeks, for a moment there was still an expression of distant dreams of dreams, but then he shuddered: his face was usually a calm and solid expression.
- Well, what is? From whom? - leisurely, but immediately asked, blinking from the light. Listening to the officer's report, Konovnitsyn printed and read. Understanding, he lowered his legs in woolen stockings on the earthen floor and began to shift. Then he removed the cap and, having combed whiskey, put on a cap.
- Have you reached soon? Let's go to the bright.
Konovnitsyn immediately realized that the brought news was greater importance and that could not be keen. Well, whether it was bad, he did not think and did not ask himself. It was not interested. He looked at all of the war, he did not mind, not reasoning, but something else. In his soul there was a deep, unspoken belief that everything will be fine; But it is not necessary to believe it, and even more so do not tell this, but you need to do one thing. And he did his work, giving him all his strength.
Petr Petrovich Konovnitsin, as well as the dohturov, only as if from the decency made to the list of so-called heroes of the 12th year - Barklaev, Raevsky, Yermolov, Platovoy, Miloradovich, as well as Dashtur, used the reputation of a person very limited abilities and information, And, as well as Dohturov, Konovnitsyn never made battle projects, but always was where it was the harder; Always slept with the opened door since he was appointed by a dutyman, by ordering to make everyone being sent to wake himself, always during the battle was under fire, so Kutuzov reproached him for himself and was afraid to send, and was the same as the dohturov, one Of those invisible gears that, not the crack and no noise, constitute the most essential part of the car.
Going out of the hut in the crude, dark night, Konovnitsyn frowned by part of the head intensified pain, part of the unpleasant thought that came to his mind about how all this is the nest of staff, influential people at the same time, especially Benigsen, after Tarutina, former on knives with Kutuzov; How to offer, argue, order, cancel. And this premonition was unpleasant to him, although he knew that it was impossible without it.
Indeed, only he went to report a new news, immediately began to express his considerations to the general who lived with him, and Konovnitsyn, silently and tiredly listening to him, reminded him that he had to go to the brighter.

Kutuzov, like all old people, slept enough at night. He often suddenly trisped in the afternoon; But at night, he, without undressing, lying on his bed, did not sleep the part and thought.
So he lay and now on his bed, climbing a heavy, greater disgusting head on a plump hand, and thought, with an open one eye looking at the dark.
Since Benigsen, rewriting with the sovereign and who had more efforts in the headquarters, avoided him, Kutuzov was calmer than that he was not for the troops again to participate in useless offensive actions. The lesson of the Tarutinsky battle and the eve of him, painfully memorable Kutuzov, should also work, he thought.
"They must understand that we can only lose, acting offek. Patience and time, here are my warriors of warriors! " - thought Kutuzov. He knew that it was not necessary to tear the apple while it was green. It will fall out itself when it will be ripe, and you will break green, we will spoil the apple and a tree, and the OKOMOVY himself. He, as an experienced hunter, knew that the beast was wounded, was injured as the whole Russian power could have hurt, but deadly or not, it was not a clarified question. Now, by sending Loriston and Berutemy and on the reports of partisans, Kutuzov almost knew that he was injured deadly. But they needed more evidence, it was necessary to wait.
"They want to run to see how they killed him. Wait, see. All maneuvers, all offensive! - he thought. - For what? All distinguish Exactly something cheerful is to fight. They are definitely children from whom they will not have a sense, as it was that it was, because everyone wants to prove, how they know how to fight. Yes, not in that now it's a matter.
And what kind of skillful maneuvers offer me all these! It seems to them that when they invented two chance (he remembered the overall plan from St. Petersburg), they invented them all. And they all have no number! "
An in -ure-free question is fatal or not fatal was the wound, applied in Borodin, has already hung over his head of Kutuzov. On the one hand, the French occupied Moscow. On the other hand, undoubtedly, the whole being, his Kutuzov felt that the terrible blow, in which he, together with all Russian people, strained all his strength, was to be fatal. But in any case, evidence was needed, and he was already waiting for them for a month, and the further time passed, the more impatiently he became. Lying on her bed in his sleepless nights, he did the same thing that this youth did the generals, the very thing that he reproached them. He invented all possible chance, in which this faithful, already accomplished death of Napoleon. He came up with these chance just like the youth, but only with the difference that he did not base anything on these assumptions and that he saw them not two and three, and thousands. The further he thought, the more they were presented. He came up with any kind of movement of the Napoleonic army, all of her - to St. Petersburg, at him, bypass him, came up with (which he was most afraid) and the accident that Napoleon will fight against him with his own weapon that he will remain in Moscow , waiting for it. Kutuzov came up with even the movement of the Napoleonic army back to the beggar and Yukhnov, but one that he could not foresee, this is what the insane, convulsive throwing of Napoleon's troops continued to be the first eleven days of his speeches from Moscow, - throwing it possible What was still not bold then to think Kutuzov: perfect extermination of the French. Dorokhov's report about the division of BRUSE, the news from the partisans about the disasters of the Napoleon army, rumors about the fees to speak from Moscow - everything confirmed the assumption that the French army is divided and gets to run; But these were only assumptions that seemed important to young people, but not for Kutuzov. He knew with his sixty-year-old experiments, what weight should be attributed to rumors, knew how people who wanted to group all the news are able to group all the news so that they seem to confirm the desired, and knew how in this case everything is willingly missed all contradictory. And the more walked this Kutuzov, the less he allowed himself to believe it. This question occupied all his mental strength. Everything else was for him only the usual performance of life. In such a familiar fulfillment and submission of life, his conversations were with staff, letters to M ME STAEL, which he wrote from Tarutina, reading novels, distribution of awards, correspondence with St. Petersburg, etc. P. But the death of the French, foreseen by him, was his sincere, the only desire.
On the night of October 11, he lay, climbing his hand, and thought about it.
In the next room, the steps of Tolya, Konovnitsyn and Bolchovitinova were heard.
- Hey, who is there? Sign in, enter! What's new? - called them from Feldmarshal.
While Lackey lied a candle, only the content of the news was told.
- Who brought? - asked Kutuzov with a face hit by Tolya, when the candle caught fire, his cold rigor.
- There may be no doubt your lordship.
- Call, call him here!
Kutuzov sat, having embalted one leg from the bed and lowed with a big belly to another, bent foot. He pucked his vigorous eye to better consider the sent, as if he wanted to read what she took him.
"Say, tell me, my friend," he told Bolchovetin his quiet, senile voice, closing his shirt opened on his chest. - Come, come closer. What news did you bring me? BUT? Napoleon from Moscow left? Truly? BUT?
Bolchovitinov informed in detail first all that he was ordered.
"Speak, speak Rather, not Tom's soul," Kutuzov interrupted him.
Bolchovitinov told everything and silent, waiting for orders. Tol began to say something, but Kutuzov interrupted it. He wanted to say something, but suddenly his face stroked him, wrinkled; He, having waved his hand on the roofer, turned nasty side, to the red corner of the hut, the inheree from the images.
- Lord, my creator! You wanted our prayer ... - he said with a trembling voice, folding his hands. - Russia saved. Thank you, Lord! - And he cried.

Since this news and until the end of the campaign, all the activities of Kutuzov are only that power, cunning, requests to keep their troops from useless offensive, maneuvers and collisions with a dying enemy. Dohturov goes to Maloyaroslave, but Kutuzov Medlit from the whole army and gives orders to purify Kaluga, the retreat for which it seems to be very possible.
Kutuzov retreats everywhere, but the enemy, without waiting for his retreat, runs back, nasty side.
Napoleon's historians describe us a skillful maneuver of him on Tarutino and Maloyaroslavets and make assumptions that it would be if Napoleon had time to penetrate into rich midday provisions.
But not to mention that nothing prevented Napoleon to go to these midday provisions (as the Russian army gave him the road), historians forget that Napoleon's army could not be saved, because she was in itself the inevitable conditions death. Why this army, who has found abundant food in Moscow and can not keep him, and having stopped him under his feet, this army, who, having come to Smolensk, did not disassemble food, and robbed it, why this army could recover in the Kaluga province, inhabited The Russians, as in Moscow, and with the same property of fire to burn what they burn?
The army could not recover anywhere. She, from the Borodino battle and robbery of Moscow, broke already as if chemical conditions of decomposition.
The people of this former army fled with their leaders themselves not knowing where, wishing (Napoleon and every soldier) only one thing: to get lost personally as soon as possible from that hopeless position, which, although it is unclear, they were all aware.
Only therefore, on the Council in Maloyaroslavets, when, pretending that they, generals, meeting, submitting different opinions, the last opinion of the simply Muton soldier, said that everyone thought it was only necessary to go as soon as possible, closed all the mouths, and no one , even Napoleon, could not say anything against this all the conscious truth.
But although everyone knew that it was necessary to leave, there was still a shame of the consciousness of what should be running. And I needed an external push that would beat this shame. And this push this time at the right time. It was the so-called LE Hourra de L "Empereur [Imperial Hurray].
The next day after the Napoleon council, early in the morning, pretending that he wants to inspect the troops and the field of the past and future battle, with the retinue of Marshals and the convoy drove in the middle of the arrangement of troops. Cossacks, sneaking around the prey, came across the emperor himself and almost caught him. If the Cossacks were not caught this time Napoleon, he saved it the same as the French ruined: the prey, on which in Tarutin and here, leaving people, threw the Cossacks. They, not paying attention to Napoleon, rushed to prey, and Napoleon managed to leave.

, West New Guinea used to be known as Netherlands New Guinea and Western Irian, and in 1973-2000 how Irian Jaya.

The territory of Western New Guinea was annexed by Indonesia in the year according to Act about the free choicewhose eligibility is not recognized by all. In the year, the Government of Indonesia stated that the territory of Irian-Jay, who was before this unified province, will be divided into three provinces: Papua, Central Irian Jaya and Western Irian Jaya. However, this decision was met by significant protests among the local population. As a result of the decision of the Supreme Court of Indonesia, the province of Central Irian-Jay was canceled. Western Irian Jay was already created by that time (6.02.2006), but its future is still unclear. February 7, 2007 She was renamed the province West Papua Papua Barat.

Geography

Western New Guinea in the north is washed by the waters of the Pacific Ocean, in the West - the Ceramic Sea, in the south - the Arafur Sea, and in the east borders Papua New Guinea. The territory of Irian-Jaya - 421981 sq. M. km - it is 22% of the entire land territory of Indonesia. The main city is the port of Jaiapur. The province is located south of the equator, the mountainous area prevails in it. The ridge of the Maok Maoca, stretching from the north to south, divides West Irian into two parts. The top of the Punchak is 5030 m high is the highest point of Indonesia. About 75% of the territory of Irian jaya is covered with forests, most of which are impassable tropical.

Topographic map of West New Guinea

The climate is predominantly tropical, wet and hot on the coast; The rainy season lasts in the period from December to March, the dry season - from May to October; Characteristic minor seasonal temperature fluctuations. The climate is hot and almost everywhere is very wet. Summer temperatures fluctuate within +24 ... +32 ° C, in winter +24 ... +28 ° C. In the mountains, the temperature is lower, in some places there are never melting snowy fields. The rains are very strong, especially in the summer, the level of precipitation from 1300 to 5000 mm per year. Irian jaya boasts the most long rivers of Indonesia, such as Balia, Memeberam and Tarik. In the south-west river, the river was caused by the formation of large mangrove marshes and tidal forests.

Nature

Western New Guinea is considered paradise for nature, it has a striking variety of flora and fauna. The plant world has representatives of mountains, meadows, marshes and quags, tropical, tidal, deciduous and coniferous forests, in which you can meet an endless set of herbs, plauines, a sorptemer, moss, lian, flowers and trees. Fauna province is also very diverse. A variety of plants form a live carpet here, intertwining with a hanging rope of a rainforest. Freshwater and terrestrial vertebrates are almost no different from animals encountered in Australia, including the sample family. In the forests and on open scope of grass, there are many varieties of snakes, turtles, amusements, dickerages, opossums, bats and rats (including the world's largest water rats that can climb trees), as well as gigantic lizards, kangaroo, Living on trees and stemboats. Irian Jaya is known for its diversity of butterflies and many birds (700) of the unique varieties of birds, including 80 varieties of paradise birds and a huge flashing casair. In coastal waters you can find sea turtles and sea cows.

East of Jayapura, on the shore of Yos-Sudar-co, is the natural nature reserve of Yotef with many beautiful beaches, with the cows of several vessels, once dried during hostilities at sea. From the sower it is easy to reach the island reserve Raja Empath.

In the waters of the Peninsula, the bird's head registered the highest well-known science concentration of solid corals - more than 250 different types of their hectares. This is more than four times higher than the number of types of corals in the entire Caribbean, but on the square, approximately equal to two soccer fields. 2 new types of eagle sharks are open, so beyond the shape of the sides on the samples that resemble these accessories on the sides. These elegant fish grow up to 1.2 meters long and, moving, along the bottom, rest on their chest fins. As well as 8 new types of shrimp, 24 species of fish and 20 corals, many of which endemics. These reefs in the literal sense are "factories of species." In the inner valley of the Foggian Ridge (FOJA) in several. A hundred kilometers from bird heads are openly a lot of new, unknown science of animal and plant species: giant flowers and rare woody kangaroo; Orange Medical: The first new type of bird found on a giant island for more than 60 years. Foggia Ridge (FOJA) and Water in the bird heads are considered among the most unique from the point of biological diversity areas on the planet.

Population

The end of the Dutch rule coincided with a confrontation company, begun by President Sukarno, who sent more than 2,000 Indonesian servicemen to province to provoke an anti-flare uprising, which ended with failure. The western part of New Guinea, who received the new name Western Irian, gradually passed under the Office of the Indonesian government and the issue of joining the territory to Indonesia was to be resolved by holding a referendum. In 1963 there was the first attempt to proclaim the local population of independent Republic of West Papua, forcened by Indonesian authorities.

Links

List of inhabitants of the animal world Western New Guinea

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Irian-Jaya - Western New Guinea - is distinguished by the striking variety of flora and fauna, with unusual species of which there is no one on Earth. On Western Iriana, the fastest and long rivers of Indonesia, also filled with mysterious inhabitants.

And this extensive land is the West of the Huge Island of Papua - New Guinea, starting with a few kilometers from the coast still remains the mysterious edge - the "Terra Incognita" area. And first of all, not only because of the inaccessibility ...

Horror and horror in everything else and everywhere

Even the locals are very rarely very rare for the big money, they will return to the Provisuor and the lead of researchers in local wet equatorial forests - virgin settlement, still labeled on the maps: "Neys-bathroom zone".

And again, mainly not because of the natural horrors listed above, but because of the local representatives of our species, Homo Sapires. After all, it lives the unusual people who stopped in the development of the Stone Age.

These people are intelligent from the tribes Cook Coco, Yali and Asmaty - Papuans-cannibals, hunters for human heads. They never manage to civilize them, all attempts to civilize this people or at least their representatives ended at best - to no avail, and in most attempts - weepingly. "

Even today, when humanity is going to master Mars, New Guinea is also full of mysteries, as the centuries ago, indicates the researcher of exotic tribes - a very knowledgeable person - Roy Berr. - There is a real Terra Incognita here. And many more decades of Irian-Jiah will remain an unexplored corner, which is distinguished by a murderous for everyone, except for Papuans, Wednesday and occasionally giving civilization. Semi-aid population, practicing cannibalism and the most terrible bloody orgies ... "

Underworld in Selve

Asmaty deprived the lives of the young English scientist John attracted. In the middle of the 20th century, he with an expedition and conductors took a trip to the pies deep into Irian-Jaya and gave out there forever.

In the same place, in November 1961 close to our time - in November 1961 - the 23-year-old Anthropologist Michael Rock Feller was killed - a representative of the famous American billionaire clan.

The terrible death fell on a few years later, MIS-Zionera Philip Master and Stanley Dale. Papuars showered them a hail of arrows, and then raised a huge bonfire and threw them into the fire were still alive. Friendly, they immediately ate and arranged wild bare-ski over the ablosted bones.

There were also fragmentary information about the death of two other missionaries and a whole research exploitation, which included three women. And anyone else on the little things happened ...

Is it possible to stay alive and get out?

The most bloodthirsty tribes - Cook Coco, Yali and Asmaty. These people eat human flesh not only on ritual holidays or after victory in endless wars. If such a prey is, it will be immediately eaten with great joy.

A hundred years ago, they went to the real hunt for people, attacking the coastal settlements, hijacked captive and after ritual torture devoured them.

Cook-Coco swallowed their eyes, cut off the limbs and plowed live prisoners. Purified from the insides of the body of Liu-Deda stuffed with fragile herbs and bathat tubers. Such stuffed human cannibal carcasses were completely baked on coals.

Cannibals also often suspended prisoners behind their feet and cut the throat to release blood. She was collected and you were writing as a sign of their military valor and success.

Only a few researchers still managed not only to visit Irian Jay, but even lucky to stay alive and return. In the 1980s, Jack Crosby took off the terrifying documentary "Chronicle of Green Hell", naturally about the murder and devouring of people.

Its among the savage-cannibals

And the same Roy Berrus wrote in 1999 a stunning book "The cannibals - my buddies", immediately became the best-selling Lerom.

"They noticed us for a long time and watched us," the researcher writes. - The temperature in the jungle did not fall below 45 ° C, and the humidity reached 98%. Only the shaky eye of our conductor Kama distinguishes the path. But the space of roasted, but thick bumps that cut off the path. The rotten air nodrog-got from the heartbreaking warning, and the circle is not savage even, but simply some devils: naked black creatures painted with chalk, blood, soot and clay. The devils with the ravines surround us, in the noses and ears, the hands are huge fangs and bones, in their hands - a terrible weapon of primitive - stone top-ry, huge knives from the bones of the casual birds of Casair. Some have a long spear, they hang out, suspended by the hair, dried human go-fish ...

One God knows that the shatter-stinging rapidly on the savage of the savages: maybe our humble view or bright gifts rushed from Ryuk-Zaka - continues to narrow Bercer about his horror and luck. - The conductor convinces Papuans that we are harmless and want friendship. "Friendship" we got. We will lead to us in the settlement (dozen huts from trunks and huge leaves), Papuans stripped to the costumes of Adam and Raski clay, fresh boiled kaban and Bellyl. In the evening Mol, with the light of fires, it was absolutely impossible to distinguish us from Papuans ...

Learning to own the weapons of the savages was not easy, but interesting. We have shown, how to extract the fire with a stash and a wooden stick, shoot down the fruits from the trees and climb on the palm trees. I learned the technology of making dried human heads with a fist. Instead of eyes, bright crystals are inserted - and the terrible fetish is ready! We shied away from using the battle spear, the extraction of human heads; Participate in some Rita Alah could not force us excessive disgust ... "

Cannibalism - as defensive tactic?

Several years ago, I was in Irian-Jay, a scholar Karl Bloss, the formulation of such a theory about the cannibal: "Cannibala-Papuats have become a person, not because it is pleasant and tasty, but what is terribly and disgusting. Not because it is pleasing to the gods, but because ferocity and cruelty are striking even idols. Faster enemies - the main goal of the Channy Balism cult. Many cases are described when one of the victims managed to run, becoming a witness to the terrible death of comrades for non-happiness.

Does anyone believe that the alien, despite the desire of savages, born and living in June-ships, can escape and hide from them?! The fact is that if it does not run away, then the whole ritual of cannibals will become nonsense. How then will the world know about the terrible danger threatening the necroma guests? 2004 - the last case of the death of three reignificants from Switzerland, when the fourth managed to "run away", relocate the world's horror. The territory was declared a special reserve without the right to visit. The method of cannibals Sunbuli-Tal! "

Scientists write, discuss, argue and put forward new verni ... Papuass Cook Coco Cook tribes, Yali and Asmaty in Irian Jiah also hunt for people and satisfying danced around the fires ...