Which traveler opened Victoria Waterfall. David Livingston: biography, travel and discoveries

24.01.2021

Being a simple missionary from the poor family, Daving Livingston managed to enter his name in history as a tireless and brave researcher of the African continent, which until the last days of life was engaged in his favorite business. In honor of Livingston in Africa, cities, waterfalls and even mountains are named.

The beginning of the way

The future conqueror of Africa appeared on March 19, 1813 in the family, and from early childhood was forced to work in the factory. In addition, he managed to study at school, and, having matured, began to comprehend the basics of medicine and theology at the university. At its end, he became a certified doctor and was dedicated to evangelical missionaries.

In 1840, a young man went to Africa, to a cap of the colony. Looking at the continent, he headed to the country of the Bechuian - Kuruman. There was a London missionary society, the road to which was taken from Livingston almost six months.

Fig. 1. David Livingston.

In search of a new place for his mission, David decided to deepen to the north - where there was not a single British missionary. He stopped in Chonuna, where the Babawna tribe lived, and quickly tied friendly relations with the leader.

For six months, Livingston deliberately stopped any communication with European society, to thoroughly examine the language of the Aborigines, their laws, life, vital values, the image of thoughts. It was then that the missionary had an idea - to study all the Rivers of South Africa to find new ways in the country.

Fig. 2. Tribe Apzyme.

First discovery

On the maps of Portuguese, who were the first to conquer the south-west of the African mainland, there were many white spots. Wanting to fix it, Livingston went on a trip to the North of Africa, during which they had many important discoveries.

Subsequent expeditions to Africa

In 1858, Livingston, together with his family, returned to a black continent, where for the next six years he studied the rivers wider, Zambezi and Rouvum, as well as lakes of Nyas and Chilva. In 1865, he released a book, which described all the details of this trip.

In 1866, the missionary participated in several expeditions, during which he opened Lake Bangweel and MVERU, but his main task was to search for the origins of the Nile.

In search of Livingston, from which no one received Westa for several years, an expedition was sent. He was found in a weakened state - the fever blew up the forces of the tireless researcher, who died in 1873. His body was delivered to London and buried in Westminster Abbey.

On the border between the two African republics - Zambia and Zimbabwe are a stunning miracle of the world, a delightful gift of nature - waterfall Victoria. Two stunning national parks are spread around the waterfall - "Waterfall Victoria", located in Zimbabwe and the Park "Ruczing Smoke" in Zambia. Victoria Waterfall is located in the place where the River Zambezi, which, according to its size, is the fourth river of Africa, flows into a narrow debris formed by water flows in the fault of the earth's crust. This is the largest waterfall on the planet, its size amazing imagination. Thus, the width of the waterfall reaches more than 1,700 meters, and the height of the water drop ranges from 80 meters off the coast up to 120 meters in its central part. Victoria Waterfall almost twice the size of the world famous Niagara Falls.

The tribes who lived in these places have long called the MOSI-OA-TUNYA waterfall, which is translated as "rattle smoke", has also called it the largest curtain of falling water. Victoria's waterfall forms a huge amount of splashes and fog, rising above it at a height of almost 400 meters. This is an amazing cloud of splashing can be observed even at a distance of more than 50 kilometers.
The first European who saw this miracle of nature was the traveler David Livingston in 1855. For the period of your trip in Africa from 1853 to 1856. Livingston visited and described a lot of amazing places in his beauty, but he seen the waterfall he called the most magnificent and wonderful spectacle worthy of Queen England - Victoria. Later, the waterfall was visited by many travelers and researchers from Europe, but only in 1905, when the railway was laid, the waterfall became an attractive and popular destination, both for tourists from Europe and for the Africans themselves.
At the very edge of the abyss are the islands that divided the waterfall into four parts. Near the right shore there is an inclined stream, the width of which is 35 meters, is also called "jumping water." From the main waterfall, it is separated by the Baaruk Island, 300 meters long. The width of the main waterfall reaches 1 km. On the edge of the main waterfall is the Island of Livingston, where the sorcerers and shamans were collected in the ancient times to commit their magical witchcraft rites. The left shore has an oriental waterfall, whose height reaches 101 meters. In the rainy season, the water rushes with a solid flow, overlapping the island on its path. In the arid period from the waterfall, only a few pips remain, the flow rate decreases 26 times. During this period, water almost does not form splashes and fog. Having made the first zigzag, the river falls into the pond, known as the "Boiling boiler". The width of the reservoir is about 150 meters. When the period of high water occurs, the waterways of giant sizes are visible on its surface. The walls of the gorge reach about 120 meters.
In order for visitors to fully experience the power and strength of the waterfall, to watch the frantically roaring flow of water in the depths of the gorge, on the edge of the waterfall, the bridge of dangers was built on the edge of the waterfall. Another place to observe this majestic miracle of nature is the Bridge "Blade of the Knife", built by the orders of Cecil Rodes in 1900. The delightful spectacle opens in front of visitors who risked climb along the path to the top of the waterfall, in the fairytale forest from splashing and fog. Fully evaluate the power and gigantic sizes of the waterfall can be possible from the height of a bird's eyelet - on a helicopter or bottom - from the raft. Victoria Waterfall is the greatest landmark of the mainland, one of the main pearls of Africa, a stunning miracle of light, attracting hundreds of thousands of tourists every year.

There is a Victoria Waterfall, which exceeds its width and is 120 meters, width - 1.8 km.

By itself, Zambezi is a very calm river, which changes dramatically on the cliff of basalt plateau. The river is lowered by five powerful streams, dropping about 550 million liters of water per minute. The impact force of the water mass about the breed below is strong enough that it seems as if the spray turns into a "couple" and forms the "smoke" pillars of a huge height.

Victoria Waterfall is an unusual phenomenon of nature. It was formed when the basalt split on the blocks of tectonic as a result of which the riverbed of the Zambezi river was formed a crack extended by powerful water flows. River waters, grunted by a narrow gorge, boil and boil, creating rumble and hum. Victoria Waterfall is only the beginning which covers zigzags through a close gorge in the cracks of the basalt breed for almost 70 km.

The strength of the flow of water varies depending on the season and season. In the spring, under the flood, the water level in the zambezi becomes higher, and the waterfall is poured by force, becomes powerful, fast and rapid. When drought, the waterfall is tamed, on the river and on the edge of the cliff, sushi islands appear.

If you swim to the waterfall for the flow, then it seems that the water goes to the ground, because in front of them the river can be seen. Opposite the waterfall there is another rock covered with a solid rainforest.

Victoria Waterfall is famous for the rare phenomenon: the magnificent "lunar rainbows". They are formed during the refraction of not only sunlight, but also during the lunar light. Night rainbows are especially attractive in full moon, during the period when the Zambezi River becomes full.

All tourists who have decided to visit this attraction must take umbrellas, waterproof clothes and shoes. The whole technique also requires spray protection, which creates Victoria Waterfall. The photo taken here will cover all these troubles with interest. After all, only in this case, the memories will remain captured.

Victoria is a waterfall that can be observed from several viewing sites. One of the most successful is the bridge called the "blade of the knife" - here you can see powerful streams of water and the place called the "Boiling boiler", where the river turns and goes to the Batoka gorge. It is very convenient to estimate this beautiful place from the railway bridge, percked through the waterfall, as well as the "observation tree". Here the waterfall appears in all his frightening strength and beauty.

Not far from the parking lot, where tourists start their excursion, there is a museum of the history of the waterfall. Its expositions are talking about the changes that Victoria's waterfall has undergone a long history, and how water laid and continues to put all the new sections in the breed.

Zimbabwe near the waterfall is the city of Victoria Falls with the reserve of the same name, as well as another national park called Mosi OA-Tun.

During an excursion to a waterfall, you can make a descent on canoe or roofs along the river, visit Safari, go on horseback riding or riding on elephants. For lovers of adrenaline, banja jumping is offered - jumping from the highest point of the waterfall on the rope.

Victoria Waterfall is counted among UNESCO World Heritage Site and is the widest waterfall with a solid stream. Its height is 120 meters (and this is two times higher than Niagara Falls), and the width is approximately 1800 m.

Where is Victoria Falls

Victoria Waterfall is located on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, on the River Zambezi in South Africa. The indigenous inhabitants of Zambia call him mosi-ooh-tuna, which means "rattle smoke". Also from the local population you can hear the name Chongeu ("Place of Rainbow").

Who opened Victoria Falls in Africa

For the first time, the waterfall received a mass public in 1855. During the journey along the mouth of the Zambezi River, the Scottish researcher David Livingston saw the "beauty that cannot be compared with something, visible in England." Scotman called the Waterfall in honor of Queen Victoria and dubbed the most wonderful spectacle in Africa.

Exactly 50 years old about Waterfall Victoria was heard only from travelers describing it in notes. In 1905, a railway toward the city of Bulawayo was built across the Zambezi River. Since then, the flow of tourists only increased, and the tourist city of Livingston appeared on the side of Zimbabwe.

By the mid-19th century, the days of the British Colonial Empire were considered and the South African republic returned its independence. A wave of tourists to Waterfall Victoria resumed in the 1980s - by that time the annual number of tourists increased to about 300 thousand people.

Description of terrain

Above the waterfall Victoria for the river Zambezi is the islands of different sizes, as they approach the abyss, their number increases. These islands share the waterfall into four parts. The right bank of the river is known for "jumping water" - this is the name of a thread of a width of 35 meters. Behind Boaruk Island The width of the waterfall is approximately 460 meters. The second main flow behind Livingston island (530 m). And the left bank of the Zambezi River is an East Waterfall.

The entire flow of water waterfall Victoria enters a narrow cleft and takes about 120 meters along it, then flows into a zigzag gorge.

Fishing devil

From Zimbabwe, in the most disappearance of the Victoria waterfall, there is a plot, where the flow of water is relatively weak, and a narrow rocky jumper creates the so-called pool. This area is known to tourists as the "Font of the Devil" and becomes popular from September to December, when the water level is low. Desperate extremals float a couple of meters from the cliff. There were accidents when swimmers were transferred to the edge, so it should be thicker to weigh their decision before climbing the "Devil Font".

Mosi OA-Tunya National Park

In the park "Radding smoke" in Zambia, you can see such wild animals as elephants, giraffes, zebras, antelopes, two white rhino, and hippopotamas peacefully spruce in the river. There are no predators here, so animals are not a buggy and accustomed to man.

Information for tourists

Entertainment and excursions in the waterfall Victoria

Nothing river thresholds River Zambezi for a waterfall - for kayaking and rafting fans. For less extreme tourists, walks on the ship are offered.
Testing the tide of adrenaline, making a jump from the bridge right above the gorge - Bunji-jumping under the sounds of a rumbling waterfall.
View all the beauty of the Victoria Waterfall from a bird's eye view - excursions on helicopters and paraglids.
Order Safari on jeeps on the National Park.
Fly over the canyon on the cable - the attraction Zip-Line.
To visit the Victoria Waterfall Museum to find out how he changed for his millennial history.

When it is better to go

Depending on the season, Victoria waterfall can be seen in different states. From January to July, the water level in Zambezi rises, the course of the river becomes faster and more powerful (during this period, extreme sports from waterfall is limited). From August to December, the river dries significantly, its stream becomes less rapid and strong - this is the peak season for Extreme travelers.

How to get to Victoria Waterfall

The best way is to fly by plane to the capital Zambia - Lusaki. Next, you can use local airlines to get to Livingston. The way is cheaper - the bus, but the time on the way is 7 hours.

It is better to book a hotel in Livingstone in advance to relax from the road, and in the morning visit Victoria Waterfall, half an hour from the city.

Where is the Victoria Waterfall on the map of Africa:

Geographical coordinates: 17 ° 55'28 "South latitude and 25 ° 51'2" Eastern longitude.

Where is Victoria Falls

Victoria Waterfall is located on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, on the River Zambezi in South Africa. Native residents of Zambia ... "/\u003e