The height of the Kremlin's water tower. The most interesting facts about the Kremlin Tower

The Moscow Kremlin has 20 towers and all of them are different, there are no two characters. Each tower has its name and its own story. And for sure the names of all towers, many do not know. Get acquainted?

Beklemishevskaya (Moskvoretskaya) Tower is located in the southeast corner of the Kremlin. It was built by the Italian architect Marco Fryazin in 1487-1488. Book Beklemishev's courtyard was adjacent to the tower, for which she got its name. Beklemishev's courtyard Together with the tower in Vasilia III served as a prison for an optocobal boyars. The current name is "Moskvoretskaya" - taken from the nearby Moskvoretsky bridge. The tower was at the junction of the Moscow River with the moat, so when attacking the enemy she was the first to hit himself. The architectural solution of the tower is connected with this: the high cylinder is delivered to the bevelled white-mounted base and separated by a semicircular roller. The smooth of the cylinder cut the narrow, rarely spaced windows. Complete the tower machine with a combat site, which was above the adjacent walls. In the basement of the Tower there was a cache-hearing for preventing the subpople. In 1680, the tower was decorated with an oct of eight, carrying a high narrow tent with two ruma rumors, which softened her severity. In 1707, waiting for the possible occurrence of the Swedes, Peter I ordered her foot to arrange bastions and expand the loopholes to install more powerful guns. During the invasion of Napoleon, the tower suffered and then repaired. In 1917, during shelling, the top of the tower was injured, which was restored by 1920. In 1949, when restoration, loyal was restored. This one of the few Kremlin towers, which was not radically rebuilt. Tower height 62.2 meters.

Konstantinovo-Elenin Tower is owned by its name here in the antiquity of the Church of Konstantin and Elena. The tower was built in 1490 by the Italian architect Pietro Antonio Solari and used for the passage of the population and troops to the Kremlin. Previously, when the Kremlin was blonde, another tower stood on this place. It was through her Dmitry Donskoy with an army traveled to Kulikovo field. The new tower was built for the reason that it did not have natural barriers from her side. It was equipped with a lifting bridge, a powerful thawed shooter and a travel gate, which after, in the 18th early 19th centuries. were disassembled. Its name tower received by the Church of Konstantin and Elena, who stood in the Kremlin. The height of the tower is 36.8 meters.

The Battle Tower received its name for the Big Bell - Nabatu hanging over her. Once here you constantly dressed sentors. From the height, they vigilantly followed whether the enemy of the army is going to the city. And if the danger approached, the sentigues should have warned everyone, hit the bell into the bell. Because of him, the tower was called violent. But now there is no bell in the tower. Once at the end of the 18th century, a riot began to strike a non-volatile bell in Moscow. And when the order was restored in the city, the bell began to be unveded for disclosure - deprived of the language. In those days it was an ordinary practice, recall at least the history of the bell in Uglich. Since then, the inferior bell was silent and stayed for a long time, until he was removed into the museum. Height of the sweaty tower 38 meters.

Tsarist Tower. She is not at all like the other Kremlin towers. Right on the wall cost 4 columns, and on them is the Ostrich roof. There are no powerful walls nor narrow boomes. But they are her and nothing. Because they built for two centuries later than the rest of the towers and not at all for defense. Earlier, at this place there was a small wooden tower, with which, according to legend, watched the red square, the first Russian king Ivan the Terrible. Earlier, at this place there was a small wooden tower, with which, according to legend, watched the red square, the first Russian king Ivan the Terrible. Later here was built the smallest tower of the Kremlin and called her royal. Its height is 16.7 meters.

Spasskaya (Frolovskaya) Tower. Built in 1491 Pietro Antonio Solari. This name comes from the XVII century, when the icon of the Savior hung over the gate of this tower. Established on the place where the main gates of the Kremlin were in ancient times. She, like Nikolskaya, was built to protect the northeastern part of the Kremlin who did not have natural aquatic obstacles. The traveling gate of the Spasskaya Tower, while Franovskaya was still considered "saints". Through them did not pass on horseback and did not pass with a covered head. Through these gates passed the shelves who spent on a campaign, they met the kings and ambassadors. In the 17th century, the coat of arms of Russia - a double-headed eagle was hoisted on the tower, a little later, the coat of arms were waters and other high towers of the Kremlin - Nikolskaya, Trinity and Borovitsky. In 1658. kremlin Towers Renamed. Frolovskaya turned into Spasskaya. It was so called in honor of the Savior Savior of Smolensky, who is over the passage gates of the Tower from the Red Square, and in honor of the icon of the Savior of the Unclean, who was above the gate from the Kremlin. In 1851-52 At the Spasskaya Tower, the clocks that we see still have been installed. Kremlin chimes. Chorants call big clocks that have a musical mechanism. W. Kremlin Kurantov Music performed bells. They are eleven. One big, he notes the clock, and ten smaller, their melodious chime is distributed every 15 minutes. In the chimes there is a special device. It leads to the movement of the hammer, it strikes the bells on the surface and the fight of the Kremlin chimes is sounded. The mechanism of the Kremlin Kurats takes three floors. Previously, the chimes started manually, and now they do with electricity. The Spasskaya Tower takes 10 floors. Her height with the star is 71 meters.

The Senate Tower was built in 1491 Pietro Antonio Solary, rises behind Mausoleum V.I. Lenin and named the name of the Senate, whose green dome rises above the fortress wall. The Senate Tower is one of the oldest in the Kremlin. Built in 1491 in the center of the northeastern part of the Kremlin Wall, it performed only defensive functions - defended the Kremlin from the Red Square. Tower height - 34.3 meters.

Nikolskaya Tower is located at the beginning of Red Square. In ancient times there was a monastery of Nikola's old man, and the icon of Nicholas the Wonderworker was placed above the tower gates. The gratuitous tower, built in 1491 by the architect of Pietro Solari, was one of the main defensive Reduts of the eastern part of the Kremlin wall. The name of the tower comes from the Nikolsky Monastery, which was nearby. Therefore, the icon of Nicholas of the Wonderworker was put over the speed gate of the shooters. Like all towers, having an entry gate, Nikolskaya had a lifting bridge through ditch and protective lattices that descended during the battle. The Nikolskaya Tower entered the story in 1612, when, through her gate to the Kremlin, the troops of the national militia, headed by the Mini and Pozharsky, who freed Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian interventionists broke. In 1812, the Nikolskaya Tower, along with many others, was blown up by Napoleon's troops departing from Moscow. Particularly injured the upper part of the tower. In 1816, she was replaced by architect O.I. Bov on a new needle-shaped dome in the pseudo-styled style. In 1917, the tower was again injured. This time from artillery fire. In 1935, the dome of the Tower crowds a five-pointed star. In the 20th century, the tower is restored in 1946-1950 and in 1973-1974. Now the height of the tower is 70.5 meters.

The angular arsenal tower was built in 1492 Pietro Antonio Solari and is located away, in the corner of the Kremlin. The first name was received at the beginning of the XVIII century, after the construction of the Arsenal building on the Kremlin, the second comes from the estate of the manor of the boyars of dog. In the dungeon of the angular arsenal tower there is a well. He is more than 500 years old. It is filled from an ancient source and therefore it is always clean and fresh water. Previously, an underground move towards the River Neglinnaya walked from the Arsenal Tower. The height of the tower is 60.2 meters.

The average arsenal tower towers from the side of the Alexandrovsky garden and is called the way because the weapon warehouse was located right behind it. It was built in 1493-1495. After building the building Arsenal Tower received its name. Near the tower in 1812, the grotto was erected - one of the attractions of the Alexandrovsky Garden. The height of the tower is 38.9 meters.

The Trinity Tower is called the Church and the Trinity Outlook, who were once nearby in the Kremlin. Troitskaya Tower is the highest tower of the Kremlin. The height of the Tower Currently, together with the star from the Alexandrovsky Garden is 80 meters. A Trinity Bridge, protected by Kutafiy Tower leads to the gate of the Trinity Tower. The tower gates serve as the main entrance for visitors to the Kremlin. Built in 1495-1499. Italian architect Aleviz Fryazine Milanian. The tower was called differently: the Risapoiren, Znamenskaya and Kareny. I received my current name in 1658 by the name of the Trinity Saving of the Kremlin. In the two-story base of the tower in the XVI-XVII centuries, a prison was located. From 1585 to 1812, there were hours on the tower. At the end of the XVII century, the tower received a multi-tiered tent superstructure with blonde decorations. In 1707, due to the threat of a Swedish invasion of the Troitsky Tower's bobbits, they were extended under heavy guns. Until 1935, imperial double-headed eagle was installed on top of the tower. By the next date of the October Revolution, it was decided to remove the eagle and establish the red stars on it and the rest of the main towers of the Kremlin. Two-headed eagle Troitskaya Tower turned out to be the oldest - 1870 manufactured and teams on bolts, so when dismantling it had to be disassembled on top of the tower. In 1937, a foolish self-auction star was replaced with a modern ruby.

Kutafia Tower (connected by a bridge with Trinity). Her name is connected with that: Kutafie was called in ancient casually dressed, a harsh woman. Indeed, Kutafia Tower is low, like the rest, and squat, wide. The tower was constructed in 1516 under the leadership of the Milan architect Alevis Fryazin. The low, surrounded by the moat and the River Neglinnaya, with the only goal, which in the moments of danger tightly closed the lifting part of the bridge, the tower was a formidable obstacle for the precipitated fortress. She had fools of the plantar battle and machine. In the XVI-XVII centuries, the water level in the River Neglinnaya was highly raised by dams, so that the water surrounded the tower from all sides. The initial height of it above the ground level was 18 meters. You could enter the tower from the side of the city only on the inclined bridge. There are two versions of the origin of the name "Kutafia": from the word "Kut" - shelter, angle, or from the word "Kutafya", which denoted a complete, nervous woman. Kutafia Tower never had a coating. In 1685, she was crowned with an openwork "crown" with white-named items.

The Commandant Tower received its name in the XIX century, because in the building there was a commandant of Moscow. The tower was built in 1493-1495 on the northwestern side of the Kremlin Wall, today stretching along the Alexandrovsky Garden. It was called before the criangle on the Kolymaya Yard in the Kremlin located near her. In 1676-1686 was prescribed. The tower is a massive chimeter with machines (mounted loopholes) and parapet and an open tetrahedron standing on it, completed by a pyramidal roof, a wool and an eight-marched quarrel. Basically, the volume of the tower is three tiers of premises overlapped with cylindrical vaults; Arches are covered and tiers of completion. In the XIX century, the tower was called "Commandant", when close to the XVII century, the commandant of Moscow settled in the rash palace of the 18th century. The height of the tower from the side of the Alexandrovsky Garden is 41.25 meters.

The Armory Tower, which was once on the bank of the River River Neglinnaya, now concluded in the underground tube, was called on the next weapon chamber, the second comes from a nearby burden of the cousin. Once near her there were vintage weapons workshops. They made precious dishes and decorations. Ancient workshops gave a name not only to the tower, but also a wonderful museum located near the Kremlin Wall - the Armory Chamber. Many Kremlin treasures are collected here and just very ancient things. For example, helmets and chain chains of ancient Russian warriors. The height of the weapon tower is 32.65 meters.

Built in 1490 Pietro Antonio Solari. Travel. The first name of the tower is initial, comes from Borovitsky hill, on the slope of which is the tower; The title of the hill apparently comes from an ancient boron growing at this place. The second name assigned to the royal decree from 1658, comes from the nearby number of the church of the Christmas of John the Forerunners and the icons of St. John the Forerunner, placed above the gate. Currently - the main passage for government tuples. Highness Tower 54 meters.

The water tower is named so because of the car, which was here once. She raised water from a well, arranged down on the very top of the tower in a big tank. From the lead pipes from there, the water flowed into the royal palace in the Kremlin. Thus, in the old days in the Kremlin, its water supply was organized. He worked for a long time, but then the car was dismantled and taken to St. Petersburg. It was used for the fountains for the device. The height of the waterproof tower with a star of 61.45 meters. The tower of the tower is associated with the Boyar surname Sviblov, or Sviblovy, who were responsible for its construction.

Blagoveshchenskaya Tower. According to legend, the miraculous icon of "Annunciation" was previously kept in this tower, as well as in 1731, the Church of Annunciation was attached to this tower. Most likely, the name of the tower is associated with one of these facts. In the 17th century, a gate was made to the Moscow-River near the tower near the tower, called port stretch. In 1831 they were laid, and in soviet time Disassembled the Church of Annunciation. The height of the Annunciation Tower with a vane 32.45 meters.

The Townitskaya Tower is the first tower laid during the construction of the Kremlin. Named because from her to the river led a secret underground move. It was intended to take water in case if the fortress falls down the enemies. Height of the Tainytsky tower 38.4 meters.

Built in the 1480s. The tower ends with a simple four-headed pyramidal tent. The inside of the tower is formed by two tiers of vaulted premises: the lower tier with a cross arch and an upper tier with a closed arch. The top four is open to the cavity of the tent. One of the two towers of which did not get the name. Height 34.15 meters.

Built in the 1480s. Above the Upper Ferry of the Tower is an eight-marginal shutter with a fluger; The upper four is open inside the tent. The inner part of the tower includes two levels of premises; The lower tier has a cylindrical arch, and the upper - closed. Height of 30.2 meters.

The Petrovskaya Tower, together with two Unnamed, was built to enhance the southern wall as the most frequently subjected to the attack. Like two Unnamed Petrovskaya Tower first did not have the name. She received his name from the Church of Metropolitan Peter on the Ugreshki Foreway in the Kremlin. In 1771 during construction Kremlin Palace The tower, the church of Metropolitan Peter and the Ugreshki houses dismantled. In 1783, the tower was rebuilt again, but in 1812 the French during the occupation of Moscow destroyed it again. In 1818, the Petrov tower was restored again. It was used for their needs Kremlin gardeners. The height of the tower is 27.15 meters.

Moscow Kremlin - a unique monument russian history and culture, as well as the ancient Russian defense architecture, because the word "Kremlin" and the word "fortress" in Russia denoted almost the same thing. All the ancient Russian fortresses treated the tower, and therefore the main architectural and defensive element was served by the towers. Such towers are called flanking, as they make it possible to defend not only on distant approaches to the crude, but also throughout the fortress wall.

Briefly about the Moscow Kremlin

The history of the Moscow Kremlin is very ancient and dates back to the beginning of the XII century - by the time of the reign of Prince Dmitry Dolgoruky. The first Kremlin, erected by his decree on the Moscow-River shore, was built of pine logs and often burned. After another fire at the beginning of the XIV century, completely destroyed the ancient structure, Ivan Kalita ordered the new Wooden Kremlin in his place, now from oak logs. A little less than in 30 years he suffered the same fate. When Dmitry, Donskoy began to rebuild from white limestone. Only a year left for his construction, although it was almost the existing dimensions. However, limestone - the stone is continuing, and by the middle of the XV century began to crumble heavily. The Kremlin was rebuilt again, now from the red brick. The construction was carried out by the Italian architect Antonio Gilardi or the Russian manner Anton Fryazin.

Place of the Water Tower of the Moscow Kremlin in the system of serfs

In total, the system of fortress walls of the Moscow Kremlin has 20 towers. The water tower is located in the southwestern corner of the system, just in the place where it is connected to the Alexander garden. It is through this tower that one of the entrances to the Kremlin's territory passes. It is intended for the passage of government cars. However, the initial function of the water tower was the protection of the fusion and the name it was initially completely different - Sweet. The tower had a raft on which the ports were rinsing, and therefore it is easy to assume that the raft of the water tower was called a port village. On the shore nearby there was a portoaya hollow.

HISTORY OF THE WATERWORD Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

The name of the SVIBLOVA was fixed behind the tower on the nearby court of the boy of Boyarina Svibolo. In addition, it was this man who oversracted the construction of the tower. But the second name that has been secured by the construction is water-based, is associated with the construction of a special waterfront device at the top of the tower, pumping water from the Moscow River. Through the system of lead pipes held through a water tent, water flow was distributed throughout the Kremlin territory. The water tent was located in the old cash yard. With the help of such water, Christopher's heads assumed to provide water the embankment, bread and feed orders. However, there is an opinion that a slightly later, the water tent was moved to the clock tower to supply the water of the new chambers of the female half.

At the end of the XVIII century, due to the strong dilapidation of Vasily Bazhenov, he proposed to dismantle it, but his initiative was not supported, and at the beginning of the XIX century the tower was dismantled and re-assembled, retaining historical features.

In 1812, during the retreat of the Napoleon's army from Moscow, the tower was blown up on the orders of the French commander, but after five years he was restored by Osip Bow. During restoration work, the tower decor has undergone some changes: details appeared on the facades that resemble a medieval Gothic style.

In 1935, a five-pointed star from precious stones was installed instead of Fllugger on the tent of the tower, after two years replaced by Ruby.

Architectural features of the Tower

Description of the Moscow Kremlin's Water Tower is quite surrounding. Therefore, we split it into two parts: a description of the actual tower and the description of its toll coating.

Water commercial - one of the highest towers in the system defensive walls Kremlin. Its height reaches 61.25 m. Previously, before the construction at the end of the XVII century there is a tent coating, its height was somewhat less. Round tower in the plan. In total, there are three tiers in the tower. The lower does not have windows or boys, the entire plane of the wall is decorated in the form of a rustic. Over the white rim of the eaves, separating the second tier, is a stone carved ornament from the semicircles. The deaf wall of the second tier in its upper part has high narrow windows with a semi-curvous completion. The third tier separated from the second white rim of the cornice has the form of an inverted truncated cone, round in terms of. Inclined consoles support wide frieze ribbon and have semi-curvous completions. Above the frieze is a toothed border, the shape of the teeth of which resembles a swallow tail.

Architectural features and decor of toll cover

The tents of the Water Tower of the Moscow Kremlin is also divided into tiers. The bottom, round in terms, throughout the wall plane cuts up rectangular, vertically elongated windows with a semi-curvous completion. On the upper edge over a white rim there is a carved stone pattern in the form of a semicircle.

The second tier is impertly has an eight-marched form. The windows of the same form, as in the first tier, flank the blades and pilasters.

The third tier has a tent hexagonal form. Its faces are decorated with windows decorated in the form of antique portico column with triangular frontones. And the walls are lined with a material of two colors - white and green.

The hexagon fourth tier resembles a turkey-lantern form. His facets are also decorated with columns, but without frontones, and have the same facing as the previous one.

The fifth tier of the hexagon shape has blind windows separated by blades.

The sixth tier - the hexagon lantern is marked by the seventh - tent shape, faceted, cone-shaped coating with white and green facing. On the bottom edge it is framed triangular stretched teeth.

Water Tower of the Moscow Kremlin - Important historical and cultural monument Old Russian architecture.

The water tower of the Moscow Kremlin is located at the intersection of the Kremlin embankment and the Alexandrovsky Garden. It has three main tiers. In height, this is one of the highest kremlin towers - 61.25 m with a star and 57.7 m - without a star.

Mighty wall structures in thickness are 2.2 m. Erected in 1488 by a talented engineer from Italy - Antonio Gilardi, also widely known as Anton Fryazin. Her destination was in the defense of the brow on the River Neglinnaya. It was originally provided with a well and a secret tunnel to the river.

Name waterproof

The interesting name of the water tower of the Moscow Kremlin received not immediately. Until the 17th century, Her Sviblovaya was magnified. Her name was so because the courtyard of Boyarina Svibolo was located nearby, who watched the construction of the construction site. In 1633, on the project of the English architect Christopher Galovei, a waterway machine was installed.

Thanks to this device, the water delivery from the Moscow River in the reservoir was provided, which was located at the top of the structure. Further, the water entered the water tent (lead pipes), which was located near the old cash yard. Further water distribution occurred by underground pipes throughout the Kremlin. From now on, it began to call the waterfront.

Reconstruction of the Tower

In 1672-1686 The tower replenished with a stone tent. 1770 M. Could become fatal for her - the architect of Bazhenov proposed to demolish it because of her dilapidated state, but fortunately, he received a refusal. 35 years later, she was completely disassembled and gathered again. Reconstruction was led by an engineer I. Erotov.

Architect bov

Saving a flight from Moscow Napoleon ordered to destroy the water tower. In contrast to the Spasskaya, the water bundled was to explode. 5 years later it was restored under the sensitive leadership of the architect O. Beauvais. From that time, it began to decorate the classic and pseudo-native details.

Rubin Star

With the coming to power of the Bolsheviks, Flywer, who walked the top of the water tower, was replaced by a red star. Initially, the star was made of precious metals, but after 2 years in 1937, it was replaced by Rubin, because gems Over time, swelling.

In contact with

Erected in 1488 by the Italian architect Anton Fryazin (Antonio Gilardi). The name of SVIblov Tower comes from the boyars surname Sviblov, the yard of which was adjacent to the tower from the Kremlin.

One of the most beautiful buildings of the Kremlin.

Name and purpose

The current name was obtained in 1633 after installing a water-made machine, made under the leadership of Christopher Galovee, to supply water from Moscow-River to the Kremlin. It was the first water pipe from the tanks set in the upper tier tiers. Water from her was held "in the sovereigns of a hearty and fodder palace", and then in the gardens.

In the Moscow River, the waterproof tower had a port portal rack for linen. On the banks of the river stood a port portal with accessories for the flesh. In the Kremlin Wall, small portoil gates were arranged, through which linen was worn.

Pressidential Press and Information Office, CC BY-SA 3.0

Architecture

The water tower is built in classic style. Until the middle of the height, it is laid out by alternating belts of the serving and weltering masonry. A narrow strip of white stone, covering the tower in its middle part, as if emphasizes the arcatent belt. Complete teeth tower in the form of "swallow tails" with slots for shooting.

Founded by N., Public Domain

The arcatent belt, machine, "swallow tails" have not yet met in the Russian architecture of fortress structures and were applied here for the first time. The tent over the tower was erected at the end of the XVII century. In 1805, because of the winds dismantled and built again.

Restoration of the XIX century.

In 1812, Napoleon's army receding from Moscow, Bonapart blown up the tower. Restored in 1817-19. Architect Osip Ivanovich Bowe. The walls are treated with RUST, the loopholes are replaced by round and semi-curvous windows. Hearing windows are decorated with Tuscan portico with columns and frontions.

Rubin Star

Unlike other towers, on which ruby \u200b\u200bstars are installed, there was no completion in the form of an eagle on the waterway. Star with a diameter of 3 m was installed on the tower in 1937 and is the smallest of the Kremlin stars.

Photo Gallery

20 towers and all of them are different, there are no two characters. Each tower has its own name and its own story. Did not get evidence only two towers, they are called First Unnamed and Second Unnamed. The Petrovsky Tower goes behind them, but at the most extreme right tower at once two names. Nowadays it is called Moskvoretskoy, and once called Beklemishevskaya According to the surname, a person, next to the yard of which she was laid. Somehow it turned out that the enemies most often occurred by the Moscow River, and Moskvoretsky Tower had to be first to defend. Therefore, it is such a formidable and with so much bolery. Its height is 46.2 m.

The first tower, which was laid during the construction of the Kremlin, was Tainitskaya. Tainitskaya Tower Named because from her to the river led a secret underground move. It was intended to take water in case if the fortress falls down the enemies. Height of the Tainytsky tower 38.4 m.

Water commercial tower - Named so because of the car, which was here once. She raised water from a well, arranged down on the very top of the tower in a big tank. From the lead pipes from there, the water flowed into the royal palace in the Kremlin. Thus, in the old days in the Kremlin, its water supply was organized. He worked for a long time, but then the car was dismantled and taken into another city - St. Petersburg. It was used for the fountains for the device. The height of the water tower with a star of 61.45 m.

At the waterway tower, the Kremlin Wall turns from the river. Here at the corner there is another tower - Borovitskaya. This tower stands at the Borovitsky Hill, which has long been rising pine forest. From him, her name happened. Tower height with star 54.05 m.

Next for Borovitsky goes Armory Tower. Once near her there were vintage weapons workshops. They made precious dishes and decorations. Ancient workshops gave a name not only to the tower, but also a wonderful museum located near the Kremlin wall -. Many Kremlin treasures are collected here and just very ancient things. For example, helmets and chain chains of ancient Russian warriors. Height of the Armory Tower 32.65 m.

Kutafia and Troitskaya Tower of the Moscow Kremlin

If you go a little further along the walls of the Kremlin, we will see the Trinity Bridge. He was thrown over the River the Neglinnaya many centuries ago, even before it was hidden under the ground. Trinity bridge leads to the goal of one of the highest Kremlin towers - Troitskaya. The bridge connects the Trinity Tower on the other - the low and wide tower. It . In the old days, so called a clumsy dressed woman. The tower was embarrassed in the seventeenth century. Before that, Kutafia was very harsh, with lifting bridges at the side gate and mounted braces. She guarded the entrance to the Trinity Bridge. Previously, there were more such previnous towers. But only one preserved to this day. The height of the Trinity Tower with a star - 80 m. It is the highest tower of the Moscow Kremlin. Kutafia Tower in a height of only 13.5 m. This is the lowest Tower of the Kremlin.

We go further along the Kremlin wall. She turns again. There is another tower here. It seems round from afar, but if you come closer, it turns out to be at all, because she has 16 faces. it corner Arsenal Tower. Once it was called a dog, according to the name of the person who lived near the person. But in the 18th century, in the neighborhood I was built with her, and the tower was renamed. In the dungeon of the angular arsenal tower there is a well. He is more than 500 years old. It is filled from an ancient source and therefore it is always clean and fresh water. Previously, an underground move towards the River Neglinnaya walked from the Arsenal Tower. Tower height 60.2 m.

The average arsenal tower.It was built in 1493-1495. After building the building Arsenal Tower received its name. Near the tower in 1812, the grotto was erected - one of the attractions of the Alexandrovsky Garden. Tower height 38.9m.

Nabotaya tower. Once here you constantly dressed sentors. From the height, they vigilantly followed whether the enemy of the army is going to the city. And if the danger approached, the sentigues should have warned everyone, hit the bell into the bell. Because of him, the tower was called violent. But now there is no bell in the tower. Once at the end of the 18th century, a riot began to strike a non-volatile bell in Moscow. And when the order was restored in the city, the bell began to be unveded for disclosure - deprived of the language. In those days it was an ordinary practice, remember at least history. Since then, the inferior bell was silent and stayed for a long time, until he was removed into the museum. Height of the sweaty tower 38 m.

To the right of the foul tower is Tsarskaya Tower. She is not at all like the other Kremlin towers. Right on the wall cost 4 columns, and on them is the Ostrich roof. There are no powerful walls nor narrow boomes. But they are her and nothing. Because they built the tower at all for defense. By legend, the king Ivan Grozny loved from this place to look at his city. Later here was built the smallest tower of the Kremlin and called her royal. Her height is 16.7 m.

Konstantino - Elenin Tower (Timofeevskaya).It was built in 1490 and used for the passage of the population and troops to the Kremlin. Previously, when the Kremlin was blonde, another tower stood on this place. It was through her Dmitry Donskoy with an army traveled to Kulikovo field. The new tower was built for the reason that it did not have natural barriers from her side. It was equipped with a lifting bridge, a powerful thawed shooter and a travel gate, which after, in the 18th early 19th centuries. were disassembled. Its name tower received by the Church of Konstantin and Elena, who stood in the Kremlin. Tower height 36.8m.

Senate Towerat first there was no name, and received it only after the construction of the Senate Building. After that, it was the Major Senate. Built the tower in 1491, its height is 34.3 m.

Nikolskaya tower.It was built in 1491. Architect Pietro Antonio Solari to strengthen the northeastern part of the Kremlin, not protected by natural obstacles. There were gates in it, she had a tailed shooter with a lifting bridge. Stretched fireman Or Barbakan called the tower outside the fortress walls, guarding the approaches to the goal or the bridge. For example, Barbakan is Kutafia Tower. The name of the Nikolskaya Tower occurred on behalf of the icon of St. Nicholas installed above the gate of her barbacan. This icon solved controversial issues. In antiquity on the tower, the clock was also installed. Now they are not there, but the Tower's Makovitsa is crowned with a red star. Tower height with star 70.4m.

Petrovskaya Towertogether with two unnamed, it was built to enhance the southern wall as the most frequently subjected to attack. Like two Unnamed Petrovskaya Tower first did not have the name. She received his name from the Church of Metropolitan Peter on the Ugreshki Foreway in the Kremlin. In 1771 During the construction of the Kremlin Palace Tower, the Church of Metropolitan Peter and the Ugreshki Pozworz disassembled. In 1783 The tower rebuilt anew, but in 1812. The French during the occupation of Moscow destroyed it again. In 1818 Petrovskaya tower restored again. It was used for their needs Kremlin gardeners. The height of the tower is 27.15m.

Commandant tower (crichy).It was built in 1495. The first name is Kolymaya - received from the Kolymatum Kremlin. In 19V., When in the Kremlin, the commandant of Moscow began to live near it, she was called Commandant. Tower height 41.25m.

Blagoveshchenskaya Tower.According to the legend in this tower, the miraculous icon "Annunciation" was previously kept, as well as 1731. The Church of Annunciation was attached to this tower. Most likely, the name of the tower is associated with one of these facts. In 17v. For the passage of the laundry to the Moscow River near the tower, the gate was made, called portoil. In 1831 They were laid, and the Church of Annunciation was also disassembled into Soviet times. The height of the Annunciation Tower with a fluger 32.45 m.

Spasskaya Tower (Frolovskaya)it was erected at the place where the main gates of the Kremlin were in ancient times. She, like Nikolskaya, was built to protect the northeastern part of the Kremlin who did not have natural aquatic obstacles. The traveling gate of the Spasskaya Tower, while Franovskaya was still considered "saints". Through them did not pass on horseback and did not pass with a covered head. Through these gates passed the shelves who spent on a campaign, they met the kings and ambassadors. In 17v. The coat of arms of Russia - a double-headed eagle was watered on the tower, a little later, the coat of arms were waters and the Kremlin's other high towers - Nikolskaya, Trinity and Borovitski. In 1658 Kremlin tower renamed. Frolovskaya turned into Spasskaya. It was so called in honor of the Savior Savior of Smolensky, who is over the passage gates of the Tower from the Red Square, and in honor of the icon of the Savior of the Unclean, who was above the gate from the Kremlin.

In 1851-52 At the Spasskaya Tower, the clocks that we see still have been installed. Kremlin chimes. Chorants call big clocks that have a musical mechanism. The Kremlin Kurarants perform the music of the bells. They are eleven. One big, he notes the clock, and ten smaller, their melodious chime is distributed every 15 minutes. In the chimes there is a special device. It leads to the movement of the hammer, it strikes the bells on the surface and the fight of the Kremlin chimes is sounded. The mechanism of the Kremlin Kurats takes three floors. Previously, the chimes started manually, and now they do with electricity. The Spasskaya Tower takes 10 floors. Her height with the star is 71 m.