Objectives lesson: To form knowledge of the knowledge about the natural complexes of the Far East, to develop knowledge of the knowledge about the natural regions of Russia, to educate the student to be careful about nature.
Educational and educational tasks
I. Educational
Form students knowledge about natural complexes of the Far East
To form knowledge of the knowledge of the nature of the nature of Chukotka Highlands
To form students knowledge about the nature of the Kamchatka Peninsula
Form students knowledge about the characteristics of Sakhalin
To form knowledge about the nature of Primorye
To form students knowledge about natural unicams of the Far East
II. Developing
The ability to work with various sources of information, the ability to allocate the main thing, systematize the material, the ability to see causal relationships;
Independence in replenishment of knowledge, upbringing patriotism, environmental consciousness, interest in the subject
III. Educational
Convince students that the study of the Far East is necessary for the socio-economic development of the country, human economic activity
Means and equipment: Tutorial, Atlas, Contour Maps, Notebook, Far East map, Map of Russia
DURING THE CLASSES
I. Organizational moment
Greeting, checking missing, checking the preparedness for lesson
II. Checking homework
When checking homework, use frontal survey type
General geographical position of Eastern Siberia
Climate Features (Climate type, its main characteristics)
Total relief characteristic
What natural regions of Eastern Siberia have we studied?
What types of natural resources are found in Eastern Siberia? (examples)
Actualization of knowledge
Motivation to study new material
Teacher : So, we have already studied almost all natural regions of Russia. Today we will proceed to the study of the last region - this is the Far East. We will get acquainted with the natural complexes of the Far East, the peculiarities of the nature of the region and with some unicumes of the Far East
Natural complexes of the Far East. Natural unicumes.(recording on the board)
The method of presenting a new material is a conversation story.
Teacher : The position of the Territory of the Far East on the border of the largest mainland and the largest ocean of the Earth significantly affected the characteristics of the natural and territorial complexes of the region and their placement. Sea air masses entering dry in summer, coolest than the continent. Therefore, due to the cost of heat on their heating, the summer air temperature over the coast is significantly lower than in the inner parts of the mainland. Sea air brings a lot of moisture, which leads to an increase in the amount of precipitation compared to inside the mainland areas. These conditions are the main cause of a sharp shift in the Far East to the south of natural zones compared to the mainland territories.
Teacher : Let's remember what factors are based on the zoning of natural regions?
Student : Relief
Student : Animal world
Student : Vegetation
Teacher
:
The basis of the physico-geographical zoning of the Far East has two factors: the features of the surface structure and the nature of vegetation. Consider the most typical physico-geographic areas of the Far East: Chukotka Tundra Highlands, Kamchatka young tundra-wooded mountains, Sakhalin Island with coniferous-decide forests, Ussuri taiga.
Chukotka Highlands.
Teacher : Let's note the Chukotka Highlands on the contour maps
The climate of Chukotka Highlands is one of the most severe in the Far East. Therefore, the Chukotka Highlands is a combination of plain and mountain tundras with a mountain arctic desert. In the north of the Chukotka Peninsula, the mountain tundra rises not higher than 100-200 m, in the south of the tundra is much higher. The usual inhabitants of the TundR are reindeer, sands, lemming and tundra partridges. On a wetland lowland a lot of waterfowl. On the coast of the Chukotka Sea there is a burning frying, and on coastal cliffs - birds.
Peninsula Kamchatka.
Teacher : No less interesting nature of Kamchatka. But before proceeding to study this complex in more detail, let's get acquainted with the history of the complex.
Oral response is heard of one of the students
Historical reference.
The first information about Kamchatka was obtained from the "fairy tales" (reports) of earthquakes. The honor of the opening of Kamchatka belongs to Vladimir Atlasov, who has completed hiking in 1697-1699. Soon Kamchatka, was included in Russia. He also compiled a drawing (map) of Kamchatka and gave her detailed description.
As a result of the first (1725-1730) and the second (1733-1743) of Kamchatka expeditions under the leadership of the famous Russian navigator Vitus Bering, the separation of Asia and North America was confirmed, the Aleutian and Commander Islands were opened, the cards were compiled, the most valuable material about Kamchatka was compiled. In the second Kamchatka expedition, S. P. Krasheninnikov took part, whose work "Description of the Earth Kamchatka" belongs to the number of classical works of geographical literature.
In the XIX century We started swimming from St. Petersburg to Russian America with a mandatory visit to Kamchatka, Petropavlovsk. During this period, Petropavlovsk became the main Russian database in the Far East. The city spread out on the shores of an unusually beautiful Avachin's lip, deeply left in the land of the Avachinsky Bay. Avachinskaya, Koryak and Vilyuchanskaya hills are treated above it.
Teacher
:
Kamchatka is a country of natural contrasts, an extraordinary identity, conquering beauty. Mountains, acting and extinct volcanoes, extensive valleys and lowlands, mountain and low rivers, cold and hot mineral springs - all this is on the peninsula.
This is one of the most distant corner of the country from the European Center of Russia. About 2/3 of Kamchatka Square is occupied by mountains. This is the area of \u200b\u200byoung folded volcanic mountains with tundra and woody vegetation. Along the entire peninsula, two ridges are drawn - the middle and east, divided by the Central-Kamchatka depression with the river Kamchatka flowing along it. The ridges are crowned with volcanic cones with snow caps and glaciers. From time to time, Kamchatka shakes the eruption of volcanoes. On the peninsula there are about 30 acting and more than 130 extinct volcanoes. One of the most active and highest volcanoes of the world is the Klyuchevskaya Sopka, its height is 4750 m.
Teacher : On the Atlas Maps, find the active volcanoes, mark them on the contour card (Ichinskaya Natka, Mutnovskaya Natka, Koryak Sopka, PLK. Shoothell, Kronotskaya Sopka)
Teacher : How do you think the influence of volcanoes on the features of the Nature of Kamchatka?
Active volcanic activity has an impact on many other features of nature. So, the soil as a result of eruptions periodically receive additional portions of primary minerals, which ensures their high fertility. The forecast of volcanic eruptions is engaged in science volcanology.
Teacher : How do you think do you need to follow volcanoes and for what?
Almost all major volcanoes have been created special stations, on which, with the help of modern devices, the breeds are followed by a chemical analysis of the gases, the volcanic crater is listened. For a few days, you can predict the beginning of the intensification of volcanic activities and to warn residents of the surrounding cities and villages.
The climate of Kamchatka is characterized by excessive humidity throughout the year. The driest and warm place is the Central Kamchatka Vadina. The Kamchatka Peninsula occupies a subzone of coniferous-birch parks. The specificity of this subzone is the predominance of small trees (stone and Japanese birch) over coniferous and widespread high-screen. Among herbs are common chalifiers, cornisters, a bear duddy and other umbrellas. Mountain ridges are covered with thickets of cedar stabel and shrubberlder, even higher mountain tundra, alpine meadows and a snowy zone of Kamchatka glaciers are located even higher. A very large brown bear, Kamchatka Sobat, Square, Chipmunk, Lynx, Kamchatka Keedrovka, and others live in the cedar stabers, and the Northern Deer lives in the mountain tundra, and a snow ram is grazing on the Alpine Mountain meadows.
Sakhalin- The largest island of Russia, its area - 76,400 square meters. km, length from north to south more than 900 km, the largest width is 160 km, the smallest is 47 km.
The island is mountainous, but the mountains are low - the average height of 500 is 800 m. The highest island mark - Mount Lopatin in the East Sakhalin mountains. Its height is 1609 m above sea level. Sakhalin is located in the seismically active zone of the Pacific Fire Ring, with which the frequent earthquakes are associated within it. The last force in 8 points occurred in 1995. In the geological structure of Sakhalin, mainly sedimentary rocks are involved with oil, gas, building materials.
The characteristic feature of the Sakhalin climate is a high relative humidity of air and frequent winds. The precipitation is clearly distributed by season of the year, which is due to the domination of monsoon circulation.
On the island there are many short, brown mountain rivers and mountain and valley lakes. The vegetable and animal world of the island is poorer than on the mainland. But in the surrounding sea waters, the species disappeared here or very rare on the mainland, for example, a half-one-meter cailand and a two-meter sea cat. In the north of the islands you can find deer moss, and in the extreme south - blooming magnolia.
Two thirds of the territory of Sakhalin is occupied by forests. In the north, the Svetlokhvoy Taiga from the Daurgy larch (let's remember for which complex this breed is characteristic) with an admixture of birch and alder; In the south - dark-haired forests from the danish ate, fir with admixture of broad rocks - oak, tees. Everywhere in the south, bamboo, Liana.
Primorye, or Primorsky Krai, Located in the southern part of the Far East, on the coast of the Japanese Sea. On its territory, such countries of Europe, as Belgium, Holland, Denmark and Switzerland, could be accommodated on its territory. For the appearance of the region, numerous ridges, respect and separate hills are characteristic. Textical they are young enough. Almost all Mountains of Primorye belong to the Sikhote-Alin mountainous country.
Characteristic of the entire Far East, the Muson Climate in Primorye is pronounced most brightly.
Teacher : Let's remember what is characteristic of this climate
The monsonic climate of the moderate belt is typical for the southern regions of the Far East. Usually, when cooled by the mainland in winter and increase in connection with this atmospheric pressure, dry and cold air rushes towards warmer air over the ocean. In the summer, the mainland warms more ocean and now the colder oceanic air tends to continent, bringing cloudy, abundant atmospheric precipitation; Sometimes typhoons even formed. The average temperatures of January here -15, -30 ° C; In the summer, in July, +10, +20 "S. precipitation - 600-800 mm per year - fall out mainly in summer. If the melting of snow in the mountains coincides with rich rains, floods occur. Moisturizing is excessive (moisture coefficient more units).
By the number of solar heat, Primorye occupies one of the first places in Russia, not inferior to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus.
The abundance of moisture in the summer contributes to the development of powerful vegetation cover. The famous Ussuri taiga is occupied by most of the territory of Primorye, in which coniferous and broad-sided breeds are combined. Cedar and larch grow next to Manchurian walnut and amur velvet. In the forests of the region, more than 250 species of trees and shrubs grows. Primorye occupies one of the first places in Russia by the number of endemics - plants common only in this area. Only here the Amur velvet (cork tree), iron birch, Maak's bearing, etc. are growing, and others. Many in the edge and relict plants that have survived from Neogen.
Diverse and rich in the animal world of Primorye. The endemics include the Ussuri tiger, the leathery turtle, to the remains of the fauna of the neogene and the Quaternary period belong to the spotted deer, the Black Ussuri Bear, the Amur Antilopa Merul, a small elegant duck-tanger, hitting the beauty of his plumage, earth drosh, etc.
In lakes and rivers, the edges live to hundreds of fish species. In coniferous-decide forests, a lot of midges and ticks bringing harm to man and animals.
Natural unicumes of the Far East.
Teacher : Let's listen to messages of your classmates about the natural unicams of the Far East
Valley geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only area in Russia with periodically fountaining geysers.
Most of the existing volcanoes on the Eastern volcanic plateau, folded by lavva cover, tuffs, ashes and raised up to 600-1000 m. Numerous geasers are confined to these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest notion of Kamchatka. For the first time, geasers found an employee of the Kronotsky Reserve G. I. Ustinov in 1941, penetrating to the river, which was subsequently called Geyser (the influx of the river. Noisy). Here in a deep canyon-shaped gorge there are several groups of geysers. Among them, the "firstborn", "Giant", "Triple", "Fountain", "Pearl", "Dual" and others - only 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small, boiling and freely poured. The largest geyser "Giant" acts very original. His eruption lasts long - two minutes, but the thick pairs continues to rise another 10-15 minutes, clouding the adjacent parts of the valley.
Grove Fir Grandiose (Kamchatka) on the east coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the diameter of the trunk - 20-25 cm, the needles contains essential oils and smells pleasantly. Botany belongs to the FIRS ambitious to the ancient (smudnikova) vegetation.
Lake Khanka. - The biggest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above the ocean level. Its length is up to 95 km, width to 65 km, area of \u200b\u200bmore than 4 thousand square meters. km, the middle depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers fall into it. Lake richly fish. A relict plant is growing on the lake, a giant water lily, the leaves of which reaches 2 m in the diameter, water walnut.
Lazovsky (Suzuzuinsky) The reserve (area of \u200b\u200b116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Japanese Sea, in cedar-wide forests of which dwells tigers, lynx, sable, bears, wildlife, spotted deer and spruce, pheasants and rippers. Part of the reserve is both a small (about 30 hectares) Petrova Island, located 1 km from the coast of the bay of Xiaoha. Petrova Island - Archaeological and Natural Landmark of Primorye. He was inhabit a few more centuries ago. In the relict teas grove, some trees reach 200-300 years.
IV. Fastening a new material
Mark on the contour map of geographical objects
What are the main factors based on the foundation of the Far East
What type of climate is characteristic of the region
Compare natural complexes of the northern and southern parts of the Far East, specify their significant differences. 3. Describe natural kamchatka complexes.
What is the main difference between the natural complexes of the island parts of the Far East from the mainland?
Vi. Instructing homework
Paragraph 42, start filling the table, prepare contour cards
Topic: population and economic development of the Far East
Objectives lesson:
1. Examine the population and specialization of the economy of the economic district.
Show the effect of EGP features on the development of the Far East economy.
2. Improve the ability to work according to a model plan, analyze statistical data, atlas maps.
Students should know:
1. EGP of the Far East.
2. Population and specialization of the farm district.
3. Eggs of labor resources .
Students should be able to:
1. Perform practical tasks on the contour card.
2. To be able to analyze statistical Data, atlas maps.
3. Show objects of the nomenclature.
Type of lesson: Workshop with lecture elements.
Equipment of the lesson:
Physical and economic map of the Far East.
Map of placement and density of the population of the Far East. Statistical table "Territory and population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation." Tasks for practical work.
During the classes.
| 1. Org. moment. 2. FNZ. 2.2. Work with thematic atlas maps. 2.4. Drawing up a table of students. 3.Practical work: "Detection of features and problems of the development of the Far East. 5. Homework. | Message goals and lesson tasks. For a long time, the district remained weakly populated. During the years of Soviet power, the population has grown 8 times, but despite this, the need for labor resources is constantly felt. Migration intensity is the highest in the country. Currently, the outflow of the population from the north is characterized. The urban population prevails. Using the placement and density map, name and show the large and largest cities of the Far East. Give the density characteristic of the population of the Far East. Specialization of the economy. Economic Specialization of the Area - Mining Production of non-ferrous metallurgy, forest, fish processing industry By natural and economic conditions, zones are distinguished: 1. The fertile plains of the Amur region, Primorsky and Khabarovsk region are populated in the south. The monsonic climate causes good conditions for agriculture and the life of people. Along the Trans-Siberian highway, the industry, population and main cities are concentrated. South Yakutsky (coal, electric power, metallurgy) and Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur - Mechanical Engineering Centers) In the Magadan region and the Republic of Sakh, the harsh conditions of the North make it difficult to economic development of the territory. Main transport axes - r. Lena, northern seaway. On the Pacific Coast, Kamchatka, Sakhalin, Curilah, economic development is constrained by the weak development of the social sphere and transport. Development prospects: 1. Creation of technopolis; 2. On the south to develop the fuel industry, electric power industry, mechanical engineering, defense industry. 2.Specialization (for each district). 3. Factors stimulating the development of this production (fertile land, monsonic climate, unfavorable natural conditions, access to the ocean). 1. Features EGP. 2. Economic development of the region. 3. Blobes of the Far East and the ways to solve them. 4. Economic ties of the Far East, contributing to its development. 1. How does the EGP of the Far East affect the development of the economy of the region? 2. Describe the structure of the farms of the Far East. Which industries can be called sectors of specialization? 3. Far East is a territory with a free economic zone in the Nakhodka area. What do you think, what caused the creation of a free economic zone here? 4. Figure 88 (C.327 textbook), analyze the process of interaction between the Far East with other economic regions of Russia. 5. Spend an analysis of the basic statistical indicators of the economy of the Far East. 2. Finish practical work: "Detection of features and problems of the development of the Far East." 3. Learn the geographical nomenclature on the topic "Far East". |
Topic: Far East Economy
Tasks: 1. Repeat and test the knowledge of the student in nature and the population of the Divine East.
2. The knowledge of schoolchildren on the farm of the Far East.
3. Wear geographic thinking, memory, attention of students.
4. Firm the emotional attitude, interest in solving the social and environmental problems of the Far East, in the prospects for the development of this part of Russia.
Type of lesson: combined.
Visuality: Atlas of Russia, contour card, physical map of Russia, computer disk.
During the classes
Organizing time.
Repetition and testing of knowledge
Questions.
Almost all the territory of the Far East belongs to the field of Cenozoic folding.
In the area there are often earthquakes and fristeing.
The main DSL of precipitation in the south of the Divated East falls in winter.
Far Eastern river predominantly plain.
Amur is the largest water highway of the Far East.
The largest of the lakes of the district is Khanka.
The floral and animal world of the Far East is poorer. Than Siberia and the European part of Russia.
Vulcan Klyuchevskaya Sopka is on about. Sakhalin.
In Primorye, the climate is monsoon.
In the Taiga of the Far East, the Ussuri tiger dwells.
The coast of the Far East is washes by 3 seas.
In the Chukchi Sea there are whales and seals.
Paper strips with the answers of students are surrendered to the teacher.
On the board, unfinished test, add it
(in turn calling students to the board)
1. The population of the Far East ................
2. The average population density ............ ..
3. Akorn residents: Chukchi, .............
4. The population (urban, rural) ..........
5.Po 500 thousand. Only in two cities ............
6.Beques of the area ............ ..
3. Increased new material.
Teacher asks questions:
1. What riches have the Far East?
2. Why do these wealth use weakly?
3. Watching the material on the disk on the topic, highlight the leading sectors of the economy of the Far East?
Work with atlas and contour card.
Task: sign on the contour card 5 large industrial centers of the Far East.
The message of the student about the city of Vladivostok heard.
Work with a student and workbooks.
From the text of paragraph 60 - to write down the main problems of the Far East into the workbook.
Check independent work.
The message of the student on the prospects for the development of the Divine East has been heard.
4. Increased part of the lesson.
Teacher: What did you know about the farm farming?
Installing estimates for work in the lesson.
At home:on the landscape sheet and colorfully depict the emblem of the Far East, prepare a message about Khabarovsk, working with additional literature.
Topic: Far East (2nd version of the lesson)
The motto of the lesson: "Who, if not we?
When, if not now? "
Educational goals:
1. Formation of independent activities of students in groups in assessing the natural resource potential and specialization of the economic district.
2. To be able to analyze causal relationships.
3. Wide work on general training skills: to summarize and compare, listen, be able to answer questions on the merits.
4. Form key competencies.
Equipment:
Physical and political and administrative map of the Far East, Landscapes of the Far East.
Methods and forms of training activities:
Using an interactive method. Collective work on groups in the discussion of the issues delivered by the teacher using the "brainstorming".
Work organization:
1. Creation of four groups and assignment of commanders.
2. Give an advanced task
"Natural Unicumes of the Far East" - Arctic. Beautiful and peculiar spurs of the Sikhote-Aligna Range, which preserved her primacy. Mighty, branchy liana trees wrapped like a boa. Autumn on the Kamchatka Peninsula is considered better. The dust and heaps of ashes take off, the fire of fire rages in the ground. Russian Commander Vitus Bering (comes from Denmark) is buried on one of the islands.
"Relief Sakhalin" - equipment: Tasks: conversation with students: the purpose of the lesson: I Orgmant - 1 min. "The relief of the municipality of the urban district" Okhensky ". II Actualization of reference knowledge - 5 min. III study of the new material. Method: Problem. Ridges of the Schmidt Peninsula. During the classes. Type: "Lesson studying a new material."
The "Kamchatka Peninsula" - there are about 30 acting and more than 130 extinct volcanoes on the peninsula. Winter on the Kamchatka Peninsula. The driest and warm place-centralokamchatskaya Vpadina. From time to time, Kamchatka shakes the eruption of volcanoes. Peninsula Kamchatka. Mountains Kamchatka. Autumn on the Kamchatka Peninsula. Information about Kamchatka.
"Far East" - in 1888, a Sucean deposit was opened. Economic development of the south of the Far East. Leskevelopment - 5 sawmills, spicked, match and plywood plant on Art. The tentine belongs to the imperial family. Mangown transport. 23.9 million processing industry. Development of coal deposits.
"Far East Lesson" is the geographical position of Russia. Task: Name the positive aspects of the EGP area. It is washed by two oceans bordered by foreign states rich in minerals. Fill the table. Practical assignment: The natives living in the Far East are on the contour card. Library of electronic visual manuals Geography Grade 9.
Kuril Islands - Kuril Islands. Perched Cherkashin Maria. Gumennik is a few species, found on the island of Sakhalin, Kuril Islands and in Japan during the period of seasonal migrations. Reefs. about. Paramushir - humpback whale. Ebeko volcano o. Paramushir. Aleutian Canadian barracks. Rocky shores of the Kuril Islands. Kuril landscapes.
Total in the topic 34 presentations
Answers (2)
1. Tell us about the natural unicams of the Far East?
Valley of Geysers. Eastern Kamchatka is the only area in Russia with periodically fountaining geysers. Most of the existing volcanoes on the eastern volcanic plateau, raised to 600-1000 m. Numerous geysers are confined to these volcanoes. The Valley of Geysers is the biggest notion of Kamchatka. Among them, the firstborn, a Giant, Triple, Fountain, Pearl, Dual, etc. - Total 20 geysers, 10 large pulsating sources and more than 300 small, boiling and freely poured. The largest geyser of the Giant acts very original. His eruption lasts long - two minutes, but the thick pairs continues to rise another 10-15 minutes, clouding the adjacent parts of the valley.
The grove of the Ficht Grand (Kamchatka) on the east coast of Kamchatka is part of the Kronotsky Reserve. These are unusually slender and beautiful trees, their height reaches 13 m, the diameter of the trunk - 20-25 cm, the needles contains essential oils and smells pleasantly. Botany belongs to the FIRS ambitious to the ancient (smudnikova) vegetation.
Lake Hank - the largest in the Far East. Located at an altitude of 69 m above the ocean level. Its length is up to 95 km, the width is up to 65 km, the area is more than 4 thousand km2, the average depth is about 4 m. 13 rivers flow into it. Lake richly fish. A relict plant lotus, a giant water lily grow on the lake, the leaves of which reaches 2 m in the diameter, water walnut.
Lazovsky (Suzuzuhinsky) Reserve (area of \u200b\u200b116.5 thousand hectares) on the coast of the Japanese Sea, in cedar-widespread forests of which dwells tigers, lynx, sable, bears, boars, spotted deers and raisins, pheasants and rippers. Part of the reserve is both a small (about 30 hectares) Petrova Island, located 1 km from the coast of the bay of Xiaoha. Petrova Island - Archaeological and Natural Landmark of Primorye. He was inhabit a few more centuries ago. In the relict teas grove, some trees reach 200-300 years.
2. What natural unicumes of the Far East are included in the List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage? In the list of seven wonders of Russia? Why?
Volcanoes of Kamchatka, Central Sihino-Alin, Wrangel Island, Lensky Poles. The list of seven wonders of Russia includes the Valley of Geysers.
3. What areas of the Far East are most attractive for tourists?
The first thing that attracts tourists from the Far East is its unique, almost virgin nature. For example, the South Kuril Islands is a chance to simultaneously see many volcanoes, thermal sources, beautiful waterfalls. In Primorsky Krai, bathing and beach tourism can develop in combination with such popular destinations as environmental, educational, educational tourism. It is unlikely that there is another region that could boast such an abundance of animals and plants listed in the Red Book. There are several well-known reserves in the region. For example, "Cedar Pad" is real jungle, meeting a person with an abundance of rare birds, animals, dense thickets of plants. The Khankai Reserve is located on the shores of one of the largest freshwater lakes of Asia - Khanka. In the Lazovsky Reserve you can see the Ussuri Tiger, the Himalayan Bear and other rare animals in natural conditions. Far Eastern Marine Reserve - the only one in Russia is a whole underwater world, characterized by its own life, its own laws.
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