Tram T-2. N307, follows 1 -y route,
On the Warsaw Highway near Danilovskaya manufactory.
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
Tram T-2. N448, 47
-Ho route,
on the line in Nagatino
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
IN agons T-2. opened the "Czechoslovak Era" of the tram history Moscow. I first appeared on the Moscow streets in 1959, they conquered the capital with their smashed and silent move, modern design, cozy and warm salon (perhaps T-2. Were the warmest in the whole history of Moscow cars). In the world of cars with old, bugly drivers, all-metal wheels and vintage direct control controllers suddenly broken rapid T-2.With pantographs instead of an arc, cropped wheels and an indirect control system (it was then the tram first began to be managed by a pedal. In fairness It is worth noting that the pantograph, and the treated wheels have already been used on domestic cars M-38. 1938, which were a real revolution for their time. But by 1959 pantographs on M-38. Replaced obsolete arc, crossed wheels - whole. War period made to refuse more modern, but more fragile designs. And now the best, modern tram technologies embodied by the professional experienced team of neat checks at the factory Chkd. In Prague, returned to Moscow streets!
N. Akanun arrival first T-2.In 1955-58, the structure of rolling stock changed little: two-axle motor cars prevailed Bffour-way KM four-way MTV-82., as well as two-axis trailed types FROM. Old two-axle motor cars F. Gradually wrote off and passed to other cities: the number from 80 in early 1956 decreased to 33 in early 1959. Latest 33 Vagona F. They were written off from the inventory during 1959. All this cutting Armada, especially old pre-war cars, could not correspond to the exemplary "face of the capital of the Socialist World". The tram was prepared by an unenviable fate - this "outdated" transport was dying in Moscow streets, and probably today Moscow would fully lose his tram if not T-2..
T-2. were the first import type of rolling stock entered Moscow after the war. Of course, in its quality, these wagons were in a completely different level than the experimental ever before them. PVZ-57.And even more so left far behind all the types of buses and trolley buses at that time. Moscow Was shocked: the tram may be like that! The language did not turn to call it "outdated".
IN agons T-2. continued ruler cars T.started by S. T-1.. Despite the fact that Moscow T-1. They never appeared and in our country were operated only in Rostov-on-Don (20 cars), we still paid it to the attention of the attention of the famous series of Czechoslovak cars produced at the factory Chkd Tatra-Smikhov in Prague.
FROM AMA by itself series T. was founded on a well-known brand of excellent American cars PCC. ("Presidents Conference CoMitee CAR", but some Russian tram lovers utter it as [ERESA]). These wagons first appeared in 1934, and by 1952 (the year of the end of production) were released more than 5000. The history of their occurrence can be found on the website of the New York metro, links to sites dedicated to PCC., You'll find .
P Heavy prototype T-1., Motor wagon N 5001 drove through the streets of Prague November 22, 1951. The car and its electrical device reminded mainly the design of American cars PCC.. The wagon body was a length of 14.5 meters and a 2,4 meter width. At that time, the railway track device in Czechoslovakia did not allow the use of cars to maximize the length and width. Most type wagons T-1. There had longitudinal (as in the Moscow metro) passenger sofas. The cross location of the seats appeared only in the wagons of the last episodes.
Prototype motor car T-1. N 5001 on April 14, 1952 in Prague
T. AK OU T-1. Did not be provided for exploitation with trailed cars, the first years were carried out only the tests of such an opportunity. It turned out that the motor wagons were not suitable for movement with an inspext trailer. The possibility of a device of two engine cars on the basis of two engine wagons (on the system of many units) was initially demonstrated in Prague, but the farm was used only in Ostrava.
IN agons T-1. They received almost all cities of CCHR, who had a normal width of the gauge (Stephensonian rut 1435 millimeters). The only exception was Brno, where the carriage fleet at this time was replaced with new two-axis wagons with a fully metallic case. The car was delivered not only to the domestic Czechoslovak market. Since type T-1. It turned out to be better than tram samples in other countries, foreign customers also showed interest. Twenty cars were delivered to Rostov-on-Don and two cars in Warsaw.
AND Since the insignificant number of exported wagons, they were in circulation short time. In Czech Republic almost all wagons T-1. were in operation until the mid-60s. Then many cars operated in Kosice, the bridge and Prague were redone in the type T-3.. With such a restructuring, the hulls and electrical equipment of the wagons were completely replaced. In fact, only carts remained from the original cars, but for the most part, new traction engines were installed on them. Former wagons T-1. served even until the 80s, until they were completely replaced by the trams of the type T-3.. Solemn farewell with type T-1. It took place on April 4, 1987 in Pilsk. In motion wagons T-1. demonstrated themselves very well. The successful ratio of the ease of the enclosures to the power of the engines gave the car a good production load and made T-1. The oldest wagon in the series T..
| The emergence of T-2 |
IN Trial flight two experimental cars T-2. With 6001 and 6002 numbers first moved in Prague in 1955. The carriages of the 2.50 m wide width used the maximum allowed norms of new Czechoslovak rules for the construction of tram lines. The first engine car was still longitudinal seat location, in 1965 he was sent to Olomouc. The second engine car, made already with the transverse seats, was replied in Liberec on a 1000-millimeter kea in 1956-1957. From Liberets, the car 6002 went to Bratislava, where he with the previous number was put into operation on the 1000-millimeter Kero existing there. Subsequently, the car was used as a training. In 1977, the car returned to Prague to the transport enterprise museum.
FROM 1958 Serial Wagons Type T-2. It was supplied in almost all the tram enterprises of CCHR. Only Jablonec nad-Nisou and Prague became the exception. In Jabloneca, by this time there was a tram link in full swing, and in Prague, the lines network was not adapted for cars with a width of 2.50 m.
T. IP T-2. more than more than T-1.was similar to PCC wagons. Due to the root of the design, these cars were not so as the yuris, as their predecessors, however, their life was much longer. In Ostrava, Brno and Liberec, these wagons are partially still in operation. During the period of operation, the cars were subject to change, mostly frontal part of the body. Boxes were changed for route tables, the single headlight was replaced by two for the safety reasons. In Brno, Bratislava and Kosice for some cars T-2. Frontal parts of the type were eliminated T-3.. In Liberec, one car has been subjected to such changes after the road accident.
| T-2 SU (T-2 Soviet Union) - Option for the USSR |
P The donkey of a significant delivery in 1957 in Rostov-on-Don Trams T-1. Entered the order for the supply of cars T-2. to the Soviet Union. At that moment, a large number of trams were sold. First wagons series T-2 SU It was equipped with three doors, but in the next middle door was withdrawn at the request of customers (according to some information, three-door were only the only two wagons received in St. Petersburg). The domestic system of control and collecting travel fee provided for the landing of passengers exclusively in the back door for compulsory abyss, and the middle door, according to officials, opened a wide scope for a short-free travel. That is why for a long time we had to experience the inconvenience of landing and disembarking in two-door trams and trolley buses while three-door modifications were produced in the West.
E. Ltreto equipment of the Vagon. T-2 SU It was similar to a car T-2.. Some cars sent, as mentioned by manufacturers, "in cities with severe climatic conditions" were equipped with a particularly strong heating system. Naturally, the "city with severe climatic conditions" was recognized Moscow (Let's remind you that, for example, in Canada, the northern civilized settlement is located on the latitude of Tula).
T. nly in T-2 SU, for the first time in the series T. Cabins of carbed Bvli are completely separated from the passenger compartment. Wagons T-2 SU were in operation until the beginning of the 80s. Because cars T-2 SU almost no difference from their fellow T-2.For example, we will not specify the subtype, especially since only modifications cars received in the USSR T-2 SU.
| T-2 in Moscow |
13 March 1959 in the depot. Apaakova The first Czechoslovak four-axle motor carriage arrived T-2.to which N 301 was assigned. This is what Moscow truth written on this occasion:
IN chera in Moscow from Prague arrived the first tram car built in Czech Republic. Wagon wheels have a rubber gasket. Automation provides fast smooth overclocking and car braking. The car takes 150 passengers. Total from Czechoslovakia will take 50 new cars to Moscow.
IN first T-2. A 14 route was released, which did not change at all since: October (Kaluga) Square - Vavilov Street - University Metro. Muscovites were amazed by a novelty: a long time was idle at stops waiting for a wonderful car, specially rushed. The lighting of the salon was made by incandescent lamps, hidden behind the characteristic slaves - "Soccer". Doors had much larger glass than the following T-3.. Footers were folded like those that are in old metrovagons of the type E, and sometimes the unlucky passenger received the head on the head. But not believing this little disadvantage, the wagon in general produced an extremely favorable impression. In 1959, a total of 50 cars came T-2..AND Interior of the first Moscow T-2. In the early 1970s (photo Alexandra Kirsanova):
View of ahead
View back
D. about 1962 wagons T-2. They came exclusively to the Apaak depot, and by the beginning of 1962 they had already gathered 117 pieces - more than was acquired by any city in the world. The arriving cars were assigned three hundred and four hundredth numbers (starting from 301: 200th, they occupied a variety of modifications of the RVZ, and the last cars disappeared at 100 F.). At this time, the Apakov depot got rid of not so many old cars MTV-82.A and kept KMlike more reliable. Starting approximately from the number 380 interior of the wagons was changed: the conductor is simplified, which was previously fenced with the partition to the belt, the driver's cab changed.
AND Nterier T-2. The second modification in the early 1970s (photo Alexandra Kirsanova):
View of ahead
N. Owl wagons were directed primarily on the routes of 14,26.22 (their tracks completely coincided with modern, except that the current 26 route is an association of the 22nd and 26th years) and 24 route (Serpukhovskaya Zavodva - Town Square - Ul. Vorontsovo Field - Kursk Station - Next to the modern route). In more modest quantities (1-4 wagon), they entered the preserved 3rd, 47th routes, as well as on the 38th (Nagatino - Semenovskaya Square), 16th, 12th (travel enthusiasts - The peasant whale - Leninskaya Sloboda - Vavilov Street - University), and after and on the newly formed, preserved and understood the 39th route. All south Moscow in one way or another was served by wagons T-2., and the only "emission" T-2. The 24th route appeared east.
IN 1962 Apaak depot got rid of the last MTV and adopted another party T-2., numbers 418 - 452, and the subsequent cars that came in September - the last, received in Moscow - He headed to the Bauman depot and received numbers from 453 to 480. Thus, Moscow acquired a total of 180 wagons T-2.153 of which were concentrated in the Apaak depot, which was considered the best depot at that time Moscow, and the remaining 27 cars - in the Bauman depot. New "Baumansky" wagons ran over the 10th route (Sokolniki - Rostokinsky passage - VDNH - Ostankino), and then on the 25th (Rostokino - Prospect of the World - Colored Boulevard - Pushkin Square), gradually passed on the 5th Route (Rostokino - Forest Street).
T. Thiere T-2. served the whole south Moscow, I did a little "emission" to the east on the Enthusiasts Highway (Route 24), and also underwent in the northeast of the capital - from Rosokino south on the Prospect of the world to the Belarusian station and to Pushkin Square, the 10th route went from Ostankino to Sokolniki.
N. Extra wagons have been subjected to minor upgrades. First of all the appearance T-2. caused the problem of license plates. From time immemorial Moscow There was a wonderful tradition: the "physiognomy" of each car was installed two lanterns with colored glass in each. The combination of flowers of glasses is analyzing the route number. For example, the red color indicated the unit, green - twice, blue - the top three, zero was indicated by transparent colorless glass, they also met violet, olive and pale lunar (nine). For example, the combination of "colorless blue" meant the third route, and the "red-green" - 12th.
ABOUT Dnako on T-2. Lights for light alarm numbers were absent. Initially, the problem was trying to solve the welding of the lanterns to the car body, but this work was not completed, and the light alarm on T-2. Never used.
Tram T-2. with welded warning lamps, N412, 3rd route,
descends from the Commissariat bridge
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
TO The on-site network tram of that time was not yet perfect enough, and therefore fragile pantographs were often out of order - they were broken from the cars with the elements of the network suspension, there were also other breakdowns. On the replacement of pantographs installed a semicontagograph of the plant Svarz..
Tram T-2. With a half-penglass plant Svarz., N343, 3rd route,
on the ring at Balaklava Prospect
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
IN other cities - for example, in Kiev - some more modifications of wagons were made T-2.In particular, they replaced the same headlight with two and so on. IN Moscow There were no other modifications of cars.
FROM 1965 for the first time in Moscow Trams began to work on the system of many units. Previous models of this did not allow: in the 30th, the concept of motor and trailed wagons was used, in accordance with which one motor car (for example, F., Bf or KM) pulls the trailed inspext wagons of special trailers (KP, M and C). The system of many units provides for the possibility of adhesion of the same motor wagons, each of which is capable of working independently, to the composition, and the management of the work of the composition is synchronized between the wagons and is carried out from one of the control panels. Exactly T-2. opened for Moscow Ability to work on the system of many units.
Coupling wagons T-2. N452 +? on the 39th route,
descends from the Ustinsky bridge to the bypass channel.
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
Coupling wagons T-2. N? +427 on the 3rd route,
follows to the center of Simferopol Boulevard
(Photo Alexandra Kirsanova)
1 January 1965 10 "Bauman" cars from 453 to 463 were transferred from Baumansky in Apaakovskoye depot, and the remaining 16 cars focused on 10 -m and a little - on 5 -Mo route.
IN 1971 produced the first writings of cars T-2.. Last T-2. 25 May 1981 were written off (about 10-15 pieces) with inventory of the Apaakovsky depot. Since in those days the wagons went on routes almost randomly, install the last route by which we went T-2., does not seem possible.
TO Oliveness of wagons T-2. in Moscow on years:
| Year | Quantity |
| 1960 | 50 |
| 1961 | 100 |
| 1962 | 117 |
| 1963-1971 | 178 |
| 1972 | 173 |
| 1973 | 163 |
| 1974 | 150 |
| 1975 | 116 |
| 1976 | 98 |
| 1977 | 55 |
| 1978 | 55 |
| 1979 | 52 |
| 1980 | 36 |
| 1981 | 15 |
D. about 1998 it was believed that Moscow saw all their own T-2. And I did not save any instance. However, fate ordered otherwise. There is a beautiful legend of preserving the only Moscow car T-2.. On August 11, 1975, the car N 378 was written off. It was the same car on which the deputy director was held Bauman depot Repairs. Therefore, he ordered the car does not cut, but to re-equip the warehouse. The car put in a closed room away from foreign eyes. In 1993, a fire happened in the carriage and he burned almost completely, but he was again saved. In 1997, the car was discovered (almost no one suspected his existence), and forces Tram-repair plant Started his recovery. The question arose about spare parts for a unique car. As it turned out, the only two three-door cars T-2.They entered Leningrad, were very soon transferred to the city of Volzhsky under Volgograd and there were put in the depot, never starting work. Wagons stood 40 years old in the open sky and now they look very deplorable, also turned into a warehouse. Group of specialists from Moscow Vizhsky visited and removed all the necessary spare parts from one of the cars, retaining the second in immunity to possibly in the future of its restoration and accession of a unique three-door car to the Moscow Collection. Our N378 was safely restored and acquired a reliable initial species, which was not able to contribute to valuable memories and unique color photographs of the cabin T-2. Alexandra Kirsanova.
FROM 1955 to 1962 was the total built 771 engine wagon T2./T2 SU..
|
| Statistics T-2 SU |
|
| Sources |
1. Memories and photographic materials Alexandra Kirsanova
2. S. Tarkhov. City passenger transport of Moscow. Brief historical essay to the 125th anniversary of the emergence - Moscow, 1997.
3. S. Tarkhov. The history of the Moscow tram - Moscow, 1999.
Istanbul is famous for his traffic jams, so tourists visiting it, including we, prefer public transport, which will be discussed in this article. We will try to reflect all the nuances associated with the passage in Istanbul's city transport, we will tell about paying for travel using Istanbulkart, about the cost of tickets and tokens, about all the advantages and minuses that can be encountered in the subway, tram, taxi and other public transport of Istanbul.
Public transport in Istanbul
In Istanbul a very developed network of public transport, it includes 4 subway branches, more than 5oo bus routes, 2 velves of high-speed trams and 2 ordinary, marmaray tunnel under the spilled Bosphorus, a whole network of water transport, the funicular and 2 cable cars.
Car rental prices in Istanbul
The photo below shows the updated Public Transport scheme of Istanbul.
Deposit methods
In Istanbul, there are several options for paying public transport, let's stop at each detail, compare which of them is more profitable and the better to use when paying for travel to the subway, tram, on the ferry, as well as taxi.
The most common type of public transport fare is using Istanbulkart, but you can also pay to tokens, electronic tickets, and sometimes in cash.
Istanbulkart (Istanbulkart)
Istanbulkart is a card, in form of a credit type, which is used only in the city of Istanbul to pay for travel in the following types of public transport: metro, tram, buses, funicular, Tunnel Marmaray, Metrobus, all water transport. It can be purchased and used by any person, without the presentation of the identity document. For example, we, we bought one for two and used it in turn, the main thing to ensure that there is always a positive balance.
The main questions faced by tourists visiting Istanbul related to Istanbulkart:
- Where to buy Istanbulkart?
- How much is the passage of Istanbulkart?
- How and where to replenish Istanbulkart?
- How to use Istanbulkart?
- Is it profitable to use Istanbulkart?
Buy Istanbulkart It is possible in special automata that are located in the city, as well as at the station and at the airports of Istanbul. Ataturk Airport and to these ATMs are located next to others, which show motion pointers. Also, this card can be purchased in special kiosks, on which Istanbulkart will be written, mainly they are located in the places of transport accumulation. We bought on Pier Kadyki, because from Sabiha airport, Havatas traveled on the Havatas minibus, and in it only in cash. The cost of the card itself is 10 lir, but this cost is key and it can be returned, in the same place where you bought Istanbulkart or in any other.
The passage of Istanbulkart costs 2.15 lireBut since in Istanbul for each transplant must be paid again, then it is advantageous to do it with the help of a card, since each next trip is not 2.15 lire, but less:
- 1 trip - 2.15 lir
- 1 transplant - 1.45 lire
- 2 transplant - 1.15 lir
- 3 transplant - 0.85 lire
- 4 transplant - 0.85 lire and so on.
You can get acquainted in more detail with prices (albeit only in Turkish) on the official website of Istanbulkart - http://www.iett.gov.tr
Top up Istanbulkart You can in several ways, with the help of special machines or in any kiosk, a store where there is a sign or IstanBulkart written. We replenished in different ways and always successfully. To put money on a card, using an ATM, you must attach it to the device, insert bills (5 lire, 10 lire or 20 lire) to the receiver and wait until the ATM tells you that the procedure is completed and your card balance will be seen on the screen.
Use Istanbulkart It is very simple, for this, just need to bring to the turnstile in the subway, the tram, the funicular, or to a special reading device in the buses and after which the amount of the fare and the balance of the card will appear on the screen and the red color on the screen will be replaced by green.
Benefit when using Istanbulkart to pay for travel in public transport Istanbul is obvious, but for greater clarity, we compare with the payment of gate. For example, with one transplantation of the subway, with the payment of the tokens, 8 lire will cost (4 lines + 4 liters), and when paying Istanbulkart - 3.6 lira (2.15 Lira + 1.45 lira).
Tokens and others.
More to pay for travel in public transport Istanbul you can use tokens, electronic tickets and cash. The tokens are sold in special machines and the cost of one token is 4 lira. To the tokens, you can pay the fare in any railway and water transport Istanbul.
You can also purchase e-ticket, the cost of which depends on the number of trips. For example, a one-time trip is standard - 4 liters, for 2 trips - 7 lire, 3 - 10 lire, 10 - 30 lire.
In cash You can pay only in taxi and minibuses. Therefore, if you plan to get from the airport by taxi or the Havatas minibus, it is better to have a certain amount of Cash Turkish Lear, or change money at the airport.
More recently, the subway in Istanbul was not the most convenient public transport in the city, but after the construction of the Marmaray tunnel and the elongation of several branches, the metro in Istanbul was connected to a single high-speed rail system.
The photo below shows the updated Metro Scheme of Istanbul.
In Istanbul, 4 metro branches, which for the convenience of passengers have every specific color and easy-to-remember name, in the form of a sequence number: red branch (M1), green (m2), blue (m3) and pink (M4).
M1, M2 and M3, located on the European part of Istanbul, are related to each other, and with M4, which is located in the Asian part of Istanbul, they are connected by the Marmaray tunnel. Let us dwell on each branch of the metro More.
Red Metro Branch (M1)
This is the most popular metro branch for tourists and visitors to Istanbul, as it can be reached from Ataturk Airport, almost to any dot city. And recreated at the Zeytinburnu subway station at the T1 high-speed tram (about which next), you will fall into the historic center of Istanbul, the Sultanahmet area.
Green (m2) and blue (m3) metro branches
Not tourist destinations, metro M2 and M3 are mainly used by local residents to get to the center of Istanbul's sleeping areas.
Pink metro branch (M4)
M4 is located in the Asian Peninsula of Istanbul and connects the popular area of \u200b\u200bthe city - Kadiki with the bedrooms of the Asian part.
Metro work time in Istanbul from 6:00 to 24:00.
In Istanbul 4 tram branches. All branches differ in color on the map (blue, orange, salad and brown) and, as the subway, have a simple numbering T1, T3, T4 and T2 (historical red tram, which moves along the Osticultural Street).
All tram stops in Istanbul on Google map:
One of the most popular types of movement in Istanbul, tourists are a high-speed tram of the T1 route, which passes through the Sultanahmet area, with the main attractions of the city. The length of the T1 tram branch is 19 km. To drive from the initial and to the final stop you need to spend more than an hour.
With this branch, you can get to Ataturk Airport by making a metro station (Stop Aksaray or Zeytinburnu). Also, the tram goes to the popular area in Istanbul.
T1 time from 6:00 to 24:00.
Famous red tram in Istanbul (T2 route)
T2 tram route passes on the main street of Istanbul -. Red trams moving from Taksim Square to stop tunnel, have long become a symbol of the city. Be sure to go through it.
Historic tramvay (Nostaljik Tramvay) is a whole entertainment on Stuklyl Street. They stop in the midst of the streets so that the drivers communicate with each other, the children cling outside to ride.
You can ride on the historic tram from 7:00 to 21:00.
Tram in Kadykoe - Route T3
A small ring tram branch of the T3 route is located in. At this tram can be remarkably familiarized with this area of \u200b\u200bIstanbul. In the appearance of trams in Kadykoe, something is reminded, cruising according to the eyeline, only they are yellow.
The time of operation of trams in Kadykoe from 7:00 to 21:00.
The fourth tram branch (T4) is not the most popular with tourists, but it significantly helps the local residents of Istanbul's bedrooms to get to the center and the subway.
The time of work is similar to the T1 route: 7:00 - 24:00.
We believe that a taxi is also a full public transport and Istanbul is no exception. However, because of the huge traffic jams, the passage of a taxi can turn into a long expectation. But, if you still chose a taxi for mobching in Istanbul, you need to remember the following:
- Official taxi drivers have the yellow color of the machines (however, as in most countries) and the inscription on the car - Taksi.
- In Istanbul, it is allowed to stop or catch a taxi in any place that is necessary for you.
- Payment in a taxi is made strictly in the meter and only in cash.
- There are no night rates in the Istanbul taxi, the tariff is one at any time of the day.
- In Taxi, Istanbul, actually, as in any other city, there is a human factor, so be careful, try not to get caught on the bait of unscrupulous taxi drivers.
Taxi cost in Istanbul Next: 3.25 Liras for landing and 2 Turkish lira, for each next kilometer.
Buses in Istanbul
Buses in Istanbul the most common view of public transport in the city. There are a lot of routes that run in Istanbul. There is no point here to list everything, but there is an excellent Turkish Internet resource Harita.iett.gov.tr, where you can run the route bus movement in Istanbul.
But, choosing a passage in Istanbul on the bus, keep in mind that sometimes he can delay for a long time, as traffic jams in the city are very frequent and just buses stand in them.
Metrobus or high-speed bus
Also in Istanbul enjoys the huge popularity of the high-speed bus (metrobus), all because this type of public transport is not terrible traffic jams, since special lanes are allocated for the metrobus movement. To increase the speed of movement around the city, the metrobus, in addition, still has an advantage when crossing urban intersections. So that moving around this kind of transport is quickly and very convenient.
And the buses are running around the city, which conduct excursions in Istanbul, you can get to know this wonderful city for a few hours.
Water transport Istanbul
Water transport in Istanbul is not only a fascinating sea walk through the Bosphorus, but also a full view of public transport in the city, which daily serves thousands of people.
In the photo below, you can see the water transport link Istanbul between the marins.
Or a ferry message between the Asian and European part of Istanbul.
You can also get to the popular tourist area of \u200b\u200bthe Asian part of Istanbul - Kadyki.
Or get to the printed islands, where you can relax on the beach and buy in the sea.
All pier from which the ferries of public use can be viewed on Google map below:
We will also tell me a little about the water transport that exists in Istanbul.
Water transport is very popular in Istanbul, a trip to the ferry for the bosphorus for residents of the city is not entertainment, but a daily action that the townspeople move to work in the morning and in the evening. Another huge plus of water transport is the lack of traffic jams.
In Istanbul, there are the following types of water transport: ferries, Wapuras and sea buses.
Ferries
The more interesting is the type of transport, the fact that not only people, but also cars, buses, etc. ferries can be moved on it, both between the city marins and are sent to the neighboring city.
Vapura
Vapura is urban water transport that transports exclusively to people between the urban marins of Istanbul.
Water transport Istanbul - Vapour
Travel in public transport - exciting Bosphorus Walk
Sea bus
The third type of water transport in Istanbul is a sea bus, which, unlike the Wapura, is transporting people not only between the city marins, but also in the neighboring cities.
Funicular and cable car in Istanbul
Navigating these types of public transport in Istanbul, it is possible not only to get from point A to point B, but also to spend time considering nearby nature and sights.
The map below shows the stops of the funicular and cable car in Istanbul.
Moves from stopping Taksim before stopping Kabatas, while it is very convenient to use this kind of urban public transport if you, for example, you need to transfer from the Red Metro Branch (M1) on the high-speed tram (T1) and vice versa.
Cableways In Istanbul two. One of them is most popular with tourists, since with the help of it you can reach the historic cafe "Pierre Lotti", from the terrace of which offers stunning views of the city. The stop is called Pierre Loti, and the other stop is a pier Eyup.
Another branch of the cable car is less popular, but also deserves attention. This is Maska - Taskisla, which is located near the Besiktash district in Istanbul and passes over the Maska Park of the same name.
The volume turned out to be post, but we wanted to gather and tell you, in one article, all the detailed information about the public transport of Istanbul. Well, at the end, remember, you move on the subway, tram, taxi, bus, the funicular, floating on the ferry or even in the sky on the cable car, the main thing is that your trip is with pleasure.
Buses, metro, high-speed and tourist trams, suburban trains, terrestrial and underground funicular, taxis, ferries and boats - all this links of the urban transport chain of Istanbul. In this article there is a description the main types of urban transport Istanbul. Also, useful information about features of moving around the citywhich will make it easy and convenient to travel along the eastern megalopolis.
Scheme of the Istanbul Metro, City Transport Routes
Tram and subway in Istanbul
T1 - tram route, deftly sliding along the narrow streets of the historic center and passing by all major urban attractions. Conveniently setting around at the stained glass window you can enjoy the views of the Palace Topkapi, the Blue Mosque, the Cathedral of St. Sophia, etc.
M1 - Red Metro Branch. This metro is also called hafif Metro., Translated a light metro, as its route is mainly ground. Most travelers arriving at Ataturk International Airport, start their journey through the city on this subway. So, having arrived on it 6 stops station to Zeytynburnu (Zeytinburnu), you can transfer to the T1 tram and get to the historic part of Sultanahmet (Sultanahmet), to the Russian district of Laleli, to Sirkeggi station and other important transport hubs.
And if, sitting on M1 at Aksaray station (Akasaray), then after 5 stops, it is possible to have a new, huge Forum shopping center, where the museum is also a museum of ice and a large aquarium, or to a long-distance bus station Otogar.
M2 - the branch of the usual underground subwaywhich is responsible for you from Taksim Square to Business District - Levent (Levent). At the outcome of the subway, you will be surprised, seeing absolutely another Istanbul. Skyscrapers, wide avenues, incrementally running cars - a real contemporary metropolis. At the station 4 Levent is the highest building in Europe - Saphire Shopping Center, from 54 floors of which can be happy with the scale of this endless city.
Istanbul funicular
F1 is an underground funicular. His design is very similar to what we imagine the usual funicular - 2 booths move towards each other on the rope due to gravity. That's just not through the air, but under the ground, and the booths are comfortable trailers. It is surprising that the trailers move towards each other in a narrow tunnel and diverge in the middle of the tunnel, where it expands. Each trailer passes a distance of 700 meters per minute, moving up and down, respectively. The funicular solves the problem of movement along the mountainous terrain. For example, it can be climbed to the trading street of the Ostiklal or Taksim Square. At the end stop tram T1 you just need to go down to the underground transition, where you can easily find the entrance to the funicular.
In Istanbul, there is another such funicular (marked with gray on the map), only it is many times older than the F1 branch. Like its follower, he can also deliver you to Street Street, though on the other hand. Right at the exit from this funicular, if you do not want to walk for about 30 minutes to the base of the street, you can have time to jump in Nostajik Tramvay. - Bright red tourist tram. Some Istanbulians still use it as a kind of city transport, although it has long turned into an attraction for tourists.
Teleferik - Ground Funicular. Such in Istanbul - 2. The most famous is located on the section of the Cemetery Eyuped - Cafe Pierre Lotty. 2 Small cabins accompanying up to 6 people each, and similar to those used to move on ski slopes, constantly run up and down in centimeters over white grades and deliver local residents and tourists to the top of the hill. There is an observation deck with an insanely beautiful view of the city and the historic cafe Pierre Lottie.
Sea, terrestrial and other transport
Feribot - regular seabed routesFor which you can sit on the main marins of Eminoin, Karaki and Cabatas. They can deliver you to the Asian part of the city in 15 minutes.
Also from the marina, EminoNu can go to bosphorus sea walk On a private boat or municipal ferry.
City buseswho will certainly be useful to you in the study of the city, are based also not far from the Marine Emino and Kabatas (Kabatas). By bus, it is convenient to travel, for example, to the Park miniature, where small copies of the main attractions of the Ottoman Empire are located, or in the fashionable area of \u200b\u200bOrtaky, to the foot of the famous bridge over the Bosphorus and the Dolmabach Palace.
Sometimes, if your path is not very far away, and you travel the company, it is more profitable to take istanbul Taxi. Payment for travel in these yellow cars, which is littered the whole city depends on kilometer. But be very attentive, experienced Istanbul taxi drivers, sorry for you, can break around around the right place, looting around narrow, "one face" streets, winding kilometers.
Suburban trains In the European part of Istanbul depart from Sirkeci Station (Sirkeci), which is in the historic center. On this train, you can easily get to the textile factories in the suburbs and to Olivium (Olivium). Keep in mind that the passable tokens is different here from the toyons on urban transport and costs a little more expensive - 3 Turkish lira in one direction per person.
Friends, hello!
Istanbul today is a huge anthill with a population of already close to 15 million people, a good half of which is simply forced almost every day to move from one part of the city to another.
For those who live in megalopolis and are familiar with the daily routine "to work - from work" should understand what we are talking about. Despite the very and very modern system of public transport here, according to statistics, every man internally spends 91 minutes on the transport connection during the day.
And this, sorry, wow and Time to the Crimson on Personal Self-Development! 1.5 hours a day - this is not for bread in the neighboring stall to run and not to drive across the road across the road. Time leaves more than need.
Easy metro and branches M1A and M1B
This is "Our answer Chamberlain" and a modern decision "How to get to Ataturk Airport from the center of Istanbul" In one bottle. It is on this subway that I put when I close the issue of the transfer from / to the aircraft ataturk in the article.
Start of the project is 1989, and in 2002 this thread got to the airport.
Why M1 is called a light metro? This is because mainly has ground stations, unlike the traditional underground metro. In essence, it does not differ from the T4 tram branch, but has few other stated characteristics.
The M1 branch is split into 2 components: M1A. and M1V. . Look in the diagram (if not very clear, then your eyes should run at the station Otogar. ):
More popular M1A branch comes from ataturk Airport Straight to the station Yenikapi. Such a move by a horse, today in a conjunction with the modern project Marmaray, closes the problem of reaching the main airport of the country from the Asian part of the city itself.
Branch M1A. There are 18 stations and has the main transit transitions at stops:
- Merter. - Wholesale Center. Transplantation on the metrbus.
- Zeytinburnu. - Big hub. Transplant to the metrobus, tram T1. (the best option) and buses in almost all directions on the European part of the city.
- Otogar. - The main bus station Istanbul. Here it crosses with the second branch M1V..
- Aksarai. - Former finite. Crossing with a tram branch T1. (worse option), as well as a lot of bus routes.
- Yenikapi. - Final station in the Big Sea Port. You can transfer the train Marmaray.That under the Bosphorus will deliver you to the Asian part of the city and on the ferries following in Bursa or Yalov.
Along with tram T1., lung metro branch M1A. It has a determining value for flying travelers.
Attention! Be careful when sending to the side of the airport from any station to branching two branches (Otogar station) the final direction on the front wagon must be Ataturk Havalimani. , but not Kirazli. .
Functions from 06:00 to 00:30. Movement interval 3-10 minutes. Fare of 5.00 liters or 2.60 Istanbulkart. More about.
Underground metro - branches M2, M3, M4, M5 and M6
Following the appearance in 1989, the first branch of M1 M1, the next branch of M2 this time already fully underground opened only in 2000. And her southern continuation got to the port Yenikapi. Only in 2013.
In general, I want to notice that only over the past 3 years, Istanbul transport acquired its versatility. In general, the development of all the vehicles in general, as a single system, was accomplished literally in our eyes in the 21st century. Prior to that, all transportation was carried out by buses and ferries. Can you imagine this road collapse?
- Metro branch M2. connects sea Port of Enikapi , Center of the Old Town Aksairy. , center of the new city Taxim And the northern regions of Istanbul, passing through the strait of the Golden Horn on the metro station.
- Branch M3. breaks down residents of sleeping areas to intersection with a branch of light metro M1V.. Probably none of the tourists here never been to))
- Metro branch M4. fully located on the Asian part of Istanbul and connects the berths and bus station Cadicoi with remote dense settlement areas of the city.
- Branch M5. The Asian side takes passengers away from the berths Üsküdar .
- M6 Brother branch, departed from the branch M2. at the station Levant. .
Basic diagram of all lines:
Today, the metro station Istanbul has about 70 stations and about 30 are in the process of structure. In line, several new branches: M7 - M13.
The average speed of 60km / h, and the interval from 3 to 10 minutes. Works from 06:00 to 00:30. Fare of 5.00 liters or 2.60 Istanbulkart .
For a more relevant state of Metro Stambula metro stations, visit the official website: www.metro.istanbul/en.
Main trams
Interesting fact - trams in Istanbul got their second birth only in 1990, when the tour route was launched along Streklyal Street. The people perceived the project "Burry" and the further fate of the revival of the tram system rose on the wheels.
From 1872 to 1912, trams in the city functioned on a horsepower. In 1912, they acquired electric engines and became the main means of movement until 1966.
The causes of the departure of the tram from the stage at that time were the increased car stream and the absence of travelers dedicated for them. Some time of the trams were replaced more sultious trolley buses But and from this idea in the consequence had to refuse. But as well as in Buenos Ares and Tunisia, the authorities were forced to return the trams on the scene.
So, today in Istanbul there are 2 trumal routes of trams T1 and T4.
Tram T1.
T1. - The most popular public transport route for tourists. First, it works in the hitch with the subway M1A. In the scheme "Getting from the airport" and secondly, it takes along the most attractions of the old center of the city until the final station Kabatasha .
But there are tourists there something to do! Palace Dolmbakhch, pier for pleasure ships and the funicular on Taksim Square and the pedestrian street Neighboring with it.
On the scheme route movement T1. Specified with a blue branch.
Tram T4.
Tram T4. Less popular with tourists, but vital to residents of the northern regions of the European part of the city are vital. Only so without traffic jams and literally half an hour they can get to the central areas of the city.
Tram T4. Moves along a separate section of the road and, accordingly, the plugs above it are not powerful. The route gained life only in 2007. It is called an easy metro for the fact that 11 of the 22 of its stations is underground.
The work schedule is the same: from 06:00 to 00:00 every 2-5 minutes. And the trams have a separate allocated strip, which clearly affects the benefits of their use especially during peak hours. Payment is the same as in the subway 5.00 liters and 2.60 lira on the map.
In some schemes, you can find the T2 tram, denoting today's T5 route on Strepalal Street in official schemes. I do not know how much it is legitimate to make such designations, but in fact the T2 route joined the T1 route and it seems to disappear from the scene.
Historical trams T3 and T5 (T2)
Historical tram T5. Ostiklal was put on the rails in 1990 as an experiment. The success of this venture and served as a "second coming" of the tram lines to the streets of Istanbul.
The route only 5 stations and the tram line runs from 7.00 to 20.00. Movement interval for 30 minutes. Tobish rather ride than somewhere to get.
In addition to the entertainment load, the tram serves as a good help for those who wish to shove the route with 2-funicular. After all, the end stations Taksim. and Tunel are also finite and for fUNICULAR F1 and F2 which we will talk a little later.
For some reason, during our visit, he was not on the route. Therefore, the whole descent on the pedestrian street we were done with legs.
Traffic tham T3. Passed in the Asian part of the city and made in the form of a ring. The route with 10 stations runs around the popular shopping area of \u200b\u200bthe Fashion in part of the city of Cadic.
Movement schedule every 10 minutes from 07.00 to 21.00. Payment is the same as everywhere 2.60 / 5.00 liters.
Funicilers Istanbul
FUNIUMER F1
In historical terms, he does not carry any load. This is a modern route opened in 2006, which connects the final station T1 - - Kabatas. and taksim Square . About 600 meters of paths and 75 meters of height drop. A few minutes and you are on the surface. Unfortunately, the movement is carried out in an impenetrable darkness.
On Taksim Square you can transfer to metro branch M2. Or take a walk down to the Galata district for non-freestruncing Street Street.
At the entrance to the subway there is an email dial over time until the next shipment, so you always easily determine whether it is worth straining "Manya, let's run!" Or you can safely explore the walls and ceilings.
Interval of movement - 5 minutes.
FUNIUMER F2.
But this rare trailer, which is just called the old Tunnel. Is the oldest representative of the underground metro in Europe.
It is the older of him only London, but this is the island state to Europe does not have a relationship.
It began to function in another 1875 on a horsepower up to 1910, when the composition was electrified. 1971, wooden upholstery was changed to the iron, in which it is banging to this day.
The path length is 580 meters, and the height difference is 60m. The trailer connects two areas Karakiy. and Galata , and the tram station T1. Karakoy. and subway branches M2. Sishane. . Read more about areas.
Interval of movement - 5, 6, 7 ... minutes or a little more)) Payment standard.
Cable car TF1 and TF2
Virtually not studied by me part of the Istanbul transport system. I only know what functions on the same payment system that is already a big plus!
First series of cabins TF1 takes height in the area park Democracy , slightly above the Dolmbach's Palace and the Besiktash football team stadium.
The length of the suspension is 333 meters (each) on which 2 six-grade boards slide. The road takes 3 minutes.
I have a suspicion that this is the work of the Hilton Hotel's hand, so as not to run to each other through the slide. On one side is the Hilton Istanbul Bosphorus Hotel, and another Hilton Parksa Istanbul.
Second line TF2. was tightened in 2005 between the Gulf Gold Horn coast and hill Pierre Lottie . On the hill there is a famous cafe and a cemetery. So your fellow travelers can be both tourists and a memorial procession.
Italian designers LEITNER GROUP. We managed to build here the most expensive suspension road in Turkey for 5 million euros.
It is worth noting that on both slopes where the suspended cableways are located, there are pedestrian alternatives.
In custody
Friends, as I did not try to be brief and concise, but I did not work in moderation. In connection with the newly discovered circumstances, it is forced to declare that the wheeled transport and the maritime will have to devote already.
I promise in detail and intelligibly highlight all the bright and dark sides of these types of messages, as well as emphasize the details for tourists in terms of "What do we have since?" .
Istanbul is truly multifaceted, but not so intimidated as it may seem at first glance. With due preparation and possession of the match, which, your journey will be held with a bang.
Happy weekdays and minded weekends!
The Istanbul transport system at first glance is enjoyed and incomprehensible. Four varieties are only a tram, two - the funicular, two - internal electric trains, plus metrobuses, Marmarey trains (I know little), a wide variety of ferry lines and so on, stuff, so on.
1. It was best to study what is called we tram T1.. Speaking in Russian is a well-made, high-speed tram system. We estimate.
Line includes 31 stations from Kabatasha
before Bajilara
. When moving along the route, the final stops are necessarily marked "on the forehead" of the car and it is very convenient, because there is also a shortened version from Eminonia
before Tsevislibaga
.
2. The passage is carried out either on plastic tokens or travel-arabil. Each station has claims for obtaining the first and replenishment of the account on the second.
3. Only expensive - 3 lira (1.5 dollars). All versions of transport act, even on exotic funicular and historical trams.
4. Ways are almost always isolated.
5. Pass to the station through the turnstiles, and so that they did not run away from the paths (they are not fenced), there are unheated controllers.
6. Kabatasha - Fyrdikla - Topkhan - Stations along the Bosphorus, not very crowded. And here Karaka. , the Galat bridge is very even demanded by passengers. If you are treated that there are no indexes on the T1 line - do not believe.
8. ... and arrives at a very loaded station Eminonia . That's how everything looks from above.
9. Located right on the shore of the Golden Horn Bay.
10. Then Sirkeggi (station at the European Station Stanbula), Gulkhan (and entrance to the parks of the Sultansky Palace Topkapi).
11. And finally, the most central tourist station, Sultanahmet . Our station.
12. Most near the holy Sofia and other sights.
14. Although not, I exaggerate.
15. This morning, a little people.
16. Station Chamberlitash And Konstantin's column (next to Roman history).
17. In the center of entering personal cars is prohibited. In Turkey, it is prohibited, that means "banned".
18. Next station - Bayazit (At the same time, the Grand Bazaar and the University). It is still suitable for a completely abnormal number of flight buses, besides.
19. Wagon hitch is such.
20. Car trades, so to speak ...
21. Landscapes outside the window are changing.
22. Yusufpasha (and the first transition to the metro M1) - Khaseki - FindyKzade - Chapa-Shekhrimini - Pazarek And further, the station is extremely interesting to tourists - Topkappy .
23. First, it is underground and similar to any station "Bagration" File Line of the Moscow Metro.
24. Secondly, the tram simply drives in a break of the Watery of Feodosia, the monument to the Byzantine era.
There is also a transition to the M1 and T4 line. Transitions are not in our understanding, but simply there are stations of different systems and you move with one to another, re-paying the road.
25. Inputs to the station are very modest, you must admit.
27. Station Pazarek You can admire the tram depot.
28. Although it may not be a depot, but the lifting shop. For depot of liquid infrastructure.
In the following posts, consider other types of transport, but not so in detail, of course.
Rules for visiting concerts in the Cathedral
Culinary City Day on Red Presnya
Catania Beaches Canara - La Gomera
Independent training flights
Tracking. What is it? What is trekking? All products, tags