Roman Burma. Water transport What transportation can be water passenger public

22.02.2021

Sea transport is primarily important in that it provides a significant part of Russia's foreign trade relations. Internal transportation (coaster) is essential only for the supply of northern and eastern coasts of the country. The share of sea transport in cargo turnover is 8%Although the mass of transported goods is less than 1% of the total. This ratio is achieved due to the largest average transportation distance is about 4.5 thousand km. Transportation of passengers by sea transport is insignificant.

On global scale Sea transport ranks first in turnover, standing out the minimum carriage of goods. In Russia, it is relatively poorly developed, since the main economic centers of the country are removed from sea coasts. In addition, most of the seas surrounding the territory of the country are freezing, which increases the use of maritime transport. Serious problem is outdated navy country. Most ships are built more than 20 years ago and should be written off by international standards. There are practically no ships of modern types: gas carriers, lighter carriers, container ships, horizontal loading ships, etc. There are only 11 large seaports in Russia, which is not enough for such a country. About half of the Russian cargoes from maritime walking are serviced by ports of other states. These are mainly ports of the former Soviet republics: Odessa (Ukraine), Ventspils (Latvia), Tallinn (Estonia), Klaipeda (Lithuania). The use of seaside ports of other states leads to financial losses. To solve this problem, the construction of new ports on the coasts of the Baltic and Black Seas is underway.

The leading turnover of the marine pool of Russia is currently being Far Eastern. The main ports in it are rarely freezing Vladivostok and Nakhodka. A contemporary port of East with terminals for the export of coal and forest cargo are built near the find. The port of Vanino, located on the final section of the Baikal Amur railway line, is also of great importance. In this port, there is a ferry that connects the mainland Russia railway network with the Sakhalin Island Network (Port of Kholmsk).

In second place in terms of cargo turnover is the northern pool. The main ports in it: Murmansk (non-commercial, although it is behind the northern polar circle) and Arkhangelsk (forest-exporting, at the same time marine, and river). Large ports also act at the mouth of the Yenisei. This is a denunciation, through which ore concentrates from Norilsk, and Igarka, through which the forest goes and forest products. The site of the northern sea route between the mouth of Yenisei and Murmansk is year-round, which is ensured by using powerful icebreakers, including atomic. Navigation Eastern mouth Yenisei is carried out only 2-3 months in summer

The third value is the Baltic pool. The main ports in it are St. Petersburg (freezing) and Kaliningrad (non-freezing). The use of a convenient Kaliningrad port is difficult, as it is separated from the main part of Russia with the territories of foreign countries. Near St. Petersburg there is a small port of Vyborg, through which forest cargo goes mainly. Ports of Ust-Luga and Privacy are being built.

In the fourth place in terms of freight turnover is the Cheryomor-Azov pool. Here are two non-freezing oil exports of the ports - Novorossiysk (most powerful in Russia) and Tuapse. Sea transport also includes transportation in the Caspian Sea. The largest here are the ports of Astrakhan (at the same time marine and river) and Makhachkala, through which there are mainly oil loads.

River transport

River transport (or inner water) was the main thing in Russia until the end of the XIX. Currently, its meaning is small - about 2% of cargo turnover and mass of cargo transported. Although this is a cheap type of transport, but it has serious shortcomings. The main directions of the flow of rivers often do not coincide with the directions of transportation of goods. For connecting adjacent river basins, expensive channels have to build. On the territory of Russia, the river - seasonal type of transport, since rivers freeze for several months a year. The total length of shipping river tract in Russia is 85 thousand km. 3/4 of goods transported currently by river transport of Russia are mineral-building materials. Transportation of passengers with river transport is insignificant, as well as maritime.

More than half of the cargo turnover of the country's river transport falls on the Volga-Kama pool. It is connected by canals with neighboring pools (Don, Neva, Northern Dvina, White Sea), being the basis of a single deep-water system of the European part of the country. Here are the largest river ports: Nizhny Novgorod, North, South and West in Moscow, Kazan, Samara, Volgograd, Astrakhan. In second place in terms of the volume of cargo turnover, there is a West Siberian pool, which includes oh with tributaries. In addition, in addition to building materials, a significant share in transportation is petroleumautics. The main ports are Novosibirsk, Tobolsk, Surgut, Labytnangi, Tyumen. The third in Russia is the northern dock swimming pool with Sukhon's tributaries and permanent. In it, a significant share in transportation is forest cargo. The main ports are Arkhangelsk and Kotlas.

Great value of river transport plays in the northeastern part of Russia, where there are actually no networks of other types of transport. The main amount of cargo for these territories is covered in summer or from the south of the railway (according to Yenisei from Krasnoyarsk, on Lena from Ust-Kuta), or from the mouth of the rivers, where goods are delivered by sea transport.

Russia has a large-scale water transport infrastructure: thirteen seas and more than 100 thousand km of shipping rivers. During the period of radical transformations in politics and economies, the fleet of the country has practically did not develop. In the 1990s, the question of the need to revive the domestic merchant fleet was raised, today it's time to revive and the passenger fleet. Analysts believe that the content of the river paths requires attachments 50 times less than automotive and railways. An important factors are that water transport is hundreds of times saving automotive, and their environmental impact is minimal, which is especially important in densely populated regions. As for passenger traffic by inland water transport, as of January 1, 2017, 1656 vessels of various purposes and type were registered in the Russian river register of shipping. The average age of high-speed vessels of the river park is 26 or more. The main projects of this group of courts are: type "Rocket" (project 340 with modifications, passenger capacity 60-65 people), such as Meteor (project 342 with modifications, passenger capacity 120 people), type "Sunrise" (project 352 with modifications, passenger capacity 70 Man), like "Zarya" (project 946 and R-83, passenger capacity 60-66 people). All these ships were built in Soviet years, in the early 1990s, their construction was discontinued. In 2006, the first vessel of the glissing type of project A45 "Lena" (150 people passenger) was built. The courts of this project were called upon to replace the outdated park of high-speed vessels on underwater wings. In the period 2008-2013 4 vessels on a modified project A45-1 were built: "Yeniseisk", "Krasnoyarsk", "Ivan Nazarov", "Mikhail Godenko". The vessels of these projects are characterized by a small sediment (0.6 m in gliding mode), high maneuverability, and, therefore, the ability to approach the unequipped bank, which ensured the greatest efficiency in the execution of its functions. According to the list of state orders in 2016, it was planned to pass about 80 cargo and passenger ships. But due to the lack of funds, the ship shipyard of the Zelenodolsk Shipbuilding Plant named after A. M. Gorky, where the production of new types of ships was organized, experienced tremendous difficulties with the release of the required amount of vessels. In fact, in 2016, the current repairs were carried out by 67% of the courts of the domestic passenger fleet, 25% demanded overhaul, 2.5% were written off, 1% purchased from other countries, 2% issued by domestic shipbuilding plants. To date, the state of the Russian passenger fleet for domestic transport is critical. The average age of passenger ships for local lines is 36 years (Table 1). Table 1 State of the Passenger Fleet in the Russian Federation on 01/01/2017 * (local lines) Project number, units. Middle age, years of R-51, P51E, R-51EK, R-51EA "Moscow" 226 29 544, 544Ш, 544P "Moskvich" 128 55.5 780, 780-03 "Ohm" 106 49,9 81080, 81080A " Moscow »27 23 839, 839A" MO "44 49.3 331 11 49.6 R-35" Neva "6 38 2646 / R-51EK 5 28 NVS-496 (China) 6 4,3,623 7 49.3 * Source: Materials of CJSC "TsNIIMF" The largest shipowners of river passenger ships for local lines: Passenger Port JSC (Moscow), Volgograd River Port JSC, Amur Shipping Company JSC, Tatflot JSC. The river cruise fleet is represented by projects of projects 588, 302, 301, 26-37, 92-016, and others. Project ships 588 - three-stroke passenger (cargo-passenger) long-range boats built in GDR. The class of the vessel on the Russian River Register is "O". Passenger capacity - up to 230 people. In just 1954 to 1964, 49 boats were built. Most of the courts are operated and currently after reconstruction and modernization held in the late 1990s - early 2000s. As of August 2016, 30 cruise ships of this type are operated in the Russian Federation. Eleven courts are derived from work, part of them is on modernization. The rest of the courts are written off in different years. Project ships 301 - four-plated boats, built in the GDR in 1974-1983. Passenger capacity - up to 360 people. The head ship is "Vladimir Ilyich" (at present St. Petersburg). The class of the vessel on the Russian River Register is "O". A total of a 22 vessel of three distinguished series of this type were built. Today, the vessels of this project after modernization take tourist cruises between Moscow and St. Petersburg, according to the Volga. Project Court 302 (upgraded continuation of the project 301) - four-story passenger seats built in Germany in 1983-1992. Passenger capacity - up to 332 people. The vessel class on the Russian river register is "M (Loda)", which allows to exploit these vessels in the broken ice of the Ladoga and Onega Lakes. The head ship of the series - Dmitry Furmanov was launched in 1983. In total, 27 boats of this project were built, of which 2 of the ship ship 302m, 4 of the shipping of the project 302 mk, are distinguished by elements of external decoration and increased comfort. The last three shipping of the project 302mk in the early 1990s were sold to China. The remaining vessels of this project continue to work mainly on the Moscow-St. Petersburg route. Court Project 26-37 - Three-Plounted boats, built in Czechoslovakia in 1957-1962. The project is almost identical to the project 588. In total, 54 vessels of this project were built. Head ship - "October Revolution". In the 2000s, most of the vessels were modernized in order to increase their comfort. As of August 2016, 34 vessels are in operation. Project Courts 92-016 - four-stroke boats, are built in Czechoslovakia in 1976-1983. Passenger capacity - up to 360 people. All 9 boats of this project are still in operation and belong to the Volga shipping company (the tour operator "Waterfront"). Marine passenger ships and ferries occupy a separate niche in transportation by sea. Most often are linear. These on the part of the regulatory authorities are subject to very high design requirements and supply. At the beginning of 2016, the marine passenger fleet of Russia consisted of 39 vessels with an average age of 26.7 years. In the quantitative composition of the most representative group of exciting vessels: passenger displacement, ships on submarine wings (SEC), catamarans. Deadweight of these vessels 14-80 tons. Middle age - 26 years. Basically work on local coastal swimming lines in the Far Eastern and southern pool. This group is represented by four vessels: "Polanis" (year of construction - 1968th), "Claudia Eleanskaya" (1977), "White Code" (1980), "Anna Akhmatova" (1988). Cargo-passenger vessels: "Hipanis" (1992), "Igor Fakhutdinov" (1991). We carry out the carriage of passengers between the points of the North and Far Eastern pools. The domestic cruise fleet is presented by the family of converted research courts, the passengerism of which is from 45 to 117 people. The classification class of the classification of the Russian Maritime Register of Shipping - ARC4 and ARC5. All Russian expeditionary cruise ships were built in the 80s and even taking into account the refitting, do not satisfy the modern requirements for safety, comfort and economy. Having a small passenger capacity and outdated equipment, they lose the existing and under construction of a modern cruise fleet of foreign companies. Ship owners - Russian scientific organizations - for many years we rent these ships to foreign companies. Each such vessel performs per year from 10 to 20 flights in the regions with complex ice conditions (Arctic, Far East, Antarctica). Analysis of the marine passenger transportation in the Russian Federation over the past eleven years has shown a steady decline in their volumes (Table 2). Table 2 Marine passenger transport in the Russian Federation for 2004-2016 Indicators Years 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009, 2011, 2013, 2013, 2015, 2016 Transport volume, mln. 4.4 5.5 0.7 9.6 1.5 9.9 7.8 6.5 4.1 3.6 2.5 passenger turnover, mln. Pass-km 73.1 84.2 51,9 15 , 4 55.7 84.0 76.0 68.7 80.0 36.1 29.3 according to official data for the period from 2008 to 2016. The volume of passenger traffic by the sea fell 5 times. This is explained by a number of industry factors and reasons: 1. On inland water transport. a) Passenger traffic (transit, local, suburban): - outdated low-temperature passenger fleet; - the conclusion of courts from operation in connection with the tightening of the safety requirements of passengers; - higher rates at a lower delivery rate in separate directions compared with alternative modes of transport; - the absence of a flexible tariff system responding to a competitive environment; - low guaranteed depths on GDP into an internally navigation period that do not allow the use of a fleet to full load; - lack of an illuminated situation on GDP during the period of dark nights, which reduces the use of the fleet; - limited funding from local budgets for covering losses on social passenger transportation; deficiency of qualified personnel; - the portual passenger traffic infrastructure is not developed; - Low quality services provided to passengers. b) Tourist and excursion and walking transport: - a lack of a modern comfortable cruise fleet; - the tourist infrastructure is not developed sufficiently; constant growth of tariffs for cruises; - insufficient promotion of the national tourist product; - The quality of the tourist services provided does not comply with the modern requirements of passengers. 2. On sea transport. a) the carriage of passengers on the local lines: - Lack of a modern passenger displacement and high-speed fleet; - higher rates at a lower delivery rate in separate directions compared with alternative modes of transport; - the portual passenger traffic infrastructure is not developed; - Low quality services provided to passengers. b) Cruise shipping: - lack of a modern cruise fleet; - the tourist infrastructure is not developed sufficiently; - permanent increase in cruise tariffs; - insufficient promotion of the national tourist product; - the quality of the tourist services provided does not comply with the modern requirements of passengers; Lack of competition in the tourist market of Russia. As statistical data show, excursion and walking vessels are built. As a result, there is a shortage of modern vessels for the transport of passengers on local lines and cruise shipping. The reasons that keep inhibit the update of the passenger fleet can be attributed: - the high construction value of the courts, especially cruise; - long period of payback project for the construction of a passenger ship; - the inability to reduce the cost of a river ship by increasing its passenger capacity due to limited dimensions of inland waterways; - a limited period of using river tourist courts (up to five months in central pools); - limited opportunities in the creation of new water tourism routes in Russia; - disadvantages of the methodological substantiation of the existing tariff system for passenger transport by water transport; - Reducing demand for the services of river passenger transport due to the unsatisfactory state of the port infrastructure (pier, train stations). Measures carried out to enhance the process of the development of water passenger traffic may be as follows: - Installation of acceptable tariffs for transportation by water transport. - update of coastal structures, because The use of vessels for the local communication directly depends on the state of the piers, marine and river stations, etc. - the activation of the construction of lease-based ships (the method is ineffective, since large financial investments are needed on starting buildings). - Updating the passenger fleet by buying ships. The unsatisfactory condition and inconsistency of many vessels with the requirements of the Register paid attention to the executive authorities. Recently, new state orders appear, finances are allocated for the reconstruction of coastal structures. So, in the framework of the project to create a passenger transportation unit "Arctic Harbor", work on the construction of the maritime station in Murmansk is completed. The activities carried out give the hope that the volume of passenger traffic by water transport in Russia will still increase and, at a minimum, will reach previous volumes.

Despite the widespread development and distribution of auto, rail and air traffic water transport Still remains one of the popular ways to move people and cargo. What are the reasons for popularity water transport And what is its advantage over more high-speed fellow?

Distribution and reasons for the popularity of water transport

If we are talking about the carriage of goods, there is a very low cost of transportation by this type of transport and its ability to transport cargo of any dimensions that no one of the other three competitors is unable. At the same time, in the case of competent training of logistics employees, the processes of unloading and unloading vessels in ports can be made fairly fast and operational, additionally reducing the cost of transportation. Moreover, water transport Indispensable where land transportation is impossible - between the continents and the islands.

The low velocity velocity of water transport is practically reduced to no business passenger transportation, but but the romance of maritime travels has become the development of a separate sector of water transport, such as cruise liners. Yes, and small water transport, yachts, boats and boats enjoys well-deserved in lovers of outdoor activities.

Types of water transport

All water transport is divided into two large groups of water used - on river and sea. In turn, within each of these groups, all vessels on the type of cargo transported are divided into cargo and passenger.

Sea transport

This group includes all vessels capable of moving along the surface of the seas and oceans and performing functions for the transport of goods or passengers. Sea transport accounts for the lion's share of cargo transportation in the world, especially large and bulk, such as oil, petroleum products, liquefied gas and products of the chemical industry. The main two groups of cargo ships are tankers, for the transport of liquid cargoes and container carriers, which all other goods transport in universal 20- or 40-foot containers. Less often, more highly specialized sea vessels are adapted for transportation, for example. Cars, cattle or frozen foods. The difficulties found in this type of water transport are the need to build large ports equipped with a large number of loading and unloading systems. But with a properly and modern approach to logistics, all these problems are easily solved, making sea transport in skillful hands by one of the most profitable enterprises in the world.

Passenger sea transport is divided into linear vessels carrying passengers on strictly defined routes, it is in this group that run the ferries that run both between the various ports of one of the mainland and transcanean, and on a cruise fleet, each of the ships of which is a city in miniature. Cruise liners are able to transport several thousand passengers, providing them with the highest level of comfort and safety. Cruise on such a liner leaves unforgettable impressions!

And of course, you should not forget about the huge army of private owners of yachts, from miniature boats, with difficulty hosting two or three people, to giant billionaire yachts, in terms of convenience that are not inferior to cruise ships. Forbidden by centuries Romance of sea travel, felt in novels about great captains and brave pirates, pulls in the sea hundreds and thousands of modern seafarers of lovers! All these ships and boats also belong to sea water transport.

River water transport

This water transport group includes all vessels transporting passengers or cargo for inland waterways - rivers, lakes or channels. True, there is one interesting exception - although the Caspian Sea is a lake, but because of its sizes, ships, cruising from its shores belong to sea transport.

The main advantage of river transport is low cost, so it is widely used, especially in Western Europe, where France, Belgium and Holland are connected by a wide and branched network of channels for which hundreds of special small cargo ships are pursuing. But due to the low speed of transport, river transport is used for the transport of goods that do not require urgent delivery.

And if in the ancient times and in the Middle Ages, river vessels enjoyed very popular with passengers, even in high-ranking, such as the Egyptian pharaohs and the Vine Slavic Princes, who even went to special, then in our time, alas, passengers this type of transport is at all Not popular. Cause - low speed. If you use vessels that can compete with rail or road transport, for example, on an air cushion, then here fuel consumption increases many times and makes the use of these ships unprofitable.

But there is another sphere in which river vessels found their recognition today is excursion boats, cruising on the rivers and channels of European capitals and many beautiful medieval cities. Prague, Venice, Paris or Amsterdam cannot be represented without these, such loved ones and very comfortable river vessels. A walk on such a ship, accompanied by an interesting tale of a guide and a refined buffet, leaves an unforgettable impression!

1. Take the task.

1) Mark (flooding a circle) in different colors ground, water, air and underground transport on C. 74-75.

2) note on the same pages of passenger, cargo and special transport with the first letters of these words (write the letter in the square).
Under this framework, decipher the conventions, that is, show, how the type of transport is indicated by which or letter.

2. Give examples of transport, which is at the same time:

a) terrestrial, passenger, personal: a car;

b) terrestrial, passenger, public: bus, passenger train, tram, trolleybus;

c) water, passenger, personal: boat, boat, water bike;

d) aquatic, passenger, public: ship, river tram.

3. Wrong phone numbers for which they call:

a) firefighters - 01

b) police - 02

c) "ambulance" - 03

Write a single emergency phone number:112

4. Compare the size of the vehicles depicted in the figure. In red squares number them in order to increase the size, and in blue squares - in order to reduce dimensions. Ask your neighbor on the desk to check you.

5. Make up and write down the general plan for the story of the history of various types of transport.

1) transport in antiquity.
2) The invention of the steam engine.
3) the appearance of transport on an internal combustion engine.
4) the appearance of aviation.
5) Flights into space.
6) Electric motors - future transport.

History of various types of transport

In ancient times, people also used various types of transport. Most of them people use so far. For example, you can now see a horse pulling a cart, and wooden boats, swept from tree trunks, participate in sports competitions. Also, people went and transported cargo on dogs, camels, elephants, donkeys and other pets.

In the 19th century an event occurred, which dramatically changed transport - invented in the 17th century the steam engine began to be applied in transport. So in 1801 they built the first in the history of the steam locomotive and several wagon driving on the steam rod were constructed. Also at about this time the first steamer was built.

At the end of the 19th century, a more perfect engine was invented - an internal combustion engine. In 1885, the first motorcycle was built, and in 1886 - the first car. A little later began to be massively produced more perfect, compared with the shipments, boats. After a few decades, diesel locomotives went on railways.

In the 20th century, the development of transport went with seven-mile steps. In 1903, the Rait brothers for the first time raised the plane into the air. Airplanes quickly improved. Most different types of aviation transport began to appear: sports, passenger, cargo, military. The engines on which aircraft worked too quickly became more powerful. Now airplanes fly on jet engines, some of which are capable of overcome the speed of light.

On April 12, 1961, the greatest event occurred - the first flight of a person into space. Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on the East spacecraft made one turn around the Earth and landed safely. This event was the beginning of the era of cosmic transport.

Now, at the beginning of the 21st century, humanity uses a variety of vehicles working on various engines. The speed of their movement is increasing, ease of use and environmental friendliness (safety for nature). By the way, special attention is paid to the environmental safety of transport. That is why now on the streets of cities, trolley buses and trams are considered the best transport, electric locomotives and electric tram are used in railway transport, and electric vehicles are becoming more and more.

6. Our cheerful parrot offers you to paint the balloon so that it becomes beautiful and cheerful. You can spend in class competition for the most cheerful balloon.
Have you ever seen real balloons? If yes, tell about your impressions. In the frame right, you can stick a photo of the balloon.

Director of the Moscow River Shipping Company told The Village on the development of water vehicles as an alternative to the subway, about how the yachts are becoming more and more affordable and about the new route from Bolotnaya.

Olga Journkova April 28, 2012
9847
5

April 20 in Moscow in the 79th time passenger navigation season opened. About whether the problem of traffic jams in Moscow can be defeated with river vessels, about the boats with flashers and about the new route for Bolotnaya The Village with the Director General of the Moscow River Shipping Company, Konstantin Anisimov.

Problem traffic

Nevertheless, this year we will launch two transport routes at once. One in the Crocus Expo district, next to the Metro "Myakinino". There, the residential quarter is on one side of the Moscow River, and the metro station is to another. The bridge is not yet, the bypass path is engaged in time. Here, river transport is necessary and, I think, will be in demand. We also decided to conduct an experiment and discover one route of the water metro on the speed ship "Rocket": from the berth "Printers" to the Ustino bridge in China City. While you will launch two or three morning and evening flights. From the printers can be reached in just 20 minutes. "Rocket" develops speed up to 60 km / h - this is a very tangible speed on the water, passengers will shake with the breeze.

In such an experimental mode, we plan to evaluate all risks and prospects, as well as the commercial side of the issue. Now we will install the price of 30-50 rubles, this is about the same price that was spoken by the City Hall. In general, we would like to participate in the State Competition, if this will be announced, we have ready-made transport and route, and experience. In general, it seems to me that, developing this direction further, we do not lose: the city has long needed alternative transport paths, at least for summer time.

About disco on water
And route for marsh

Moscow-river does not remain in the launch: type "rest on the river" on the Internet - there will be a bunch of suggestions. There are restaurants on water, discos on water, just walks. I I understand perfectly well that many do not like the music that is heard from decks, but this is a matter of taste. Moreover, according to my observations, degrees on the ship is higher than on the shore, people drink more and relax more. But we have a marketing department, they try to invent some new offers, jazz cruises for example.New routes come up with difficulty: the rivers will not turn back, all routes were mostly invented in the 50s. But last year we launched a new walk from the pier on a swamp area with access to Moscow River near the christ of Christ the Savior.

For navigation of 2012, plan to transport
800 thousand passengers on a pleasure Fleet I.
about 35 thousand people on cruise

The motor ship passes by the Kremlin, goes to the old Zamoskvorechye and returns to Luzhkov Bridge. There, as you know, very low bridges, and the usual our ship will not pass on this route. But recently we presented the ship's new class "Metropolitan" is a low ship with a glass advanced roof, such a convertible on water capable of passing under the bridges of the bypass canal. It opens a beautiful panorama.
By the way, last year the route did not use much popular. But now, when the Bolot Square has become a symbolic place in Moscow, we hope the demand of our walk will increase.

About tourists

Moscow is not a very tourist city. The last four years there is a drop in the tourist flow. At the same time, in recent years, hotels demolished in the capital - in general, a lot was done in order for no one came here. Now this tendency seems to be broken, and the situation must change.If you look at Paris, there is a mass of the COFT, and there are a pair of people on them, but 90% are foreigners or the French who came to Paris to get acquainted with the capital.

Pool area 17,600 square kilometers.

Water is primarily a tourist product.All our new ships are equipped with a simultaneous translation with many languages, have a sightseeing program. Among the tourists are very popular cruises from Moscow to St. Petersburg.Two vessels are scheduled for foreign companies, there are VIP cabins, satellite TV, Wi-Fi.

This year we launched a medical cruise, or rather dietary. The whole menu is drawn there for days, tourists accompany nutritionists. There are ethnographic cruises - it concerns more routes along the Volga. There live a lot of nations: Tatars, Chuvashi, Mordva. Talk about their history, life.

About boats with flashers

Young, rich ... But after all, on cars, several people die every day, compared with this one or two incident on the water for navigation - it cannot be avoided. Moreover, just the last year of such cases it became less, with this there was a brutal struggle. Fifteen years ago People on the hydrocycles drunk in the beach zones went just on the heads of holidaymakers, a lot of people died - they simply didn't really write about it, and now every case resonant. And the State Inspectorate on Mulberry Courts - it enters the System of the Ministry of Emergency Situations - the whole situation carefully controls: they have their own boats, here more or less ordered, there are no more such arrogance.

About yachts for middle class

I am absolutely confident in the socialization of yacht sports. Naturally, still the main amount of yacht clubs focused in the Moscow region is expensive pleasure. Some of these clubs belongs to private cottage villages, where the yacht club is a means of raising capitalization. And yet, if you believe the statistics, the absolute majority of yachts are scattered through various boat parking, people carry yachts home, put in garages or closed water, where there is no shipping. This suggests that the yacht sport becomes interesting not only to very rich people. It is the average, affordable segment: the number of millions of yachts is reduced, they leave Russia abroad, 7- and 10 meter yachts appear, the cost of which fluctuates from one hundred thousand to several million rubles.

About a personal boat in Europe

In Europe, a yacht sport is a familiar thing. France, the Netherlands, Belgium is literally rolled with small rivers and channels, there are small vessels (up to 20 meters). Each can be up for the steering wheel - it is enough to present a passport and leave a deposit. Of course, we are very far from these countries, first of all in terms of infrastructure: refueling, boat stations, maintenance - we have all this. At the same time, the problem is that in Russia the river is much deeper and wider, large shipping is developed, and a much more dangerous on a small yacht is much more dangerous. Therefore, in Russia, to stand for the steering wheel, special rights are needed. And not everywhere you will give a yacht for rent, we, for example, let go of the yacht only with your crew.