Buy a house in the village of Pottery of Sevastopol. Varnutsk Valley (pottery)

One of those places where history left his trail, and where this trail is almost erased by the hands of a person in the vicinity of the city of Sevastopol. A more accurate location is near the village of Pottery in the Varnutsk Valley not far from the "Sevastopol-Yalta" route.

The path to the village of Pottery and the Varnutsk Valley from the city of Sevastopol leads along a landscaped highway with four strips of movement. Now this comfortable road is deprived of the name, on all modern maps only its number is indicated in the international standards. "M 18". In the same time, the old (narrower) highway has been laid on the site of the new (narrower) highway. The name of this highway has deserved quite, because it was built on the initiative of the active Governor General Taurida M.S. Vorontsov.

Having overcome wide valleys, completely planted with stretched on the treblers vines of grapes, Vorontsovskoe highway approaches the grudges of the mountains. It seems that it is about to end, overlooking the foot of some vertex. However, clinging to the mountains on a narrow rock shelf in a deep gorge a new road continues to run. With a new wide road, narrow serpentines of the old Vorontsov highway are visible. The bottom of the gorge for which we are going, chose for your current already familiar to us dry river.

Bringing out of a narrow captivity of the mountain gorge, the highway again dismisses us on a wide valley lying among the mountains covered by the dense forest. The first thing that the travelers who entered the Varnutsk Valley are noted are the motley roofs and walls of cottages. Like a giant having poured a jumper of colored cubes at the foot of the huge mountains. The construction of new cottages is flourishing in both villages with this small valley-reserve and pottery. The road goes away, to Perovsky pass and South Bank Crimea, we will overtake with her to pottery.

Speaking about the pottery, wearing the name of the Varnutka or Varnutka and in former times, like many other villages of Crimea, first inhabited by Christians who have accepted Islam, remember the famous Crimean regionalist Vasily Christophovich Kondarakka. Simferopolets by origin, Vasily Khristorovich, from the young age, I had an interest in the rich historical past Tavrida. The interest has not passed without a trace. Peru V.Kh. Kondoraki owns more than 20 books and 70 articles on the history, ethnography of Crimea, the legends of the peninsula. One of these articles is published in the 7th Tome Zooid article "Baidar Valley in the Tauride Peninsula". In this curious article, Vasily Khristorovich mentions the history of the origin of the village of Baidar and the Varnutsk valley and Varnutka in particular:

"The third selenium of the Greek Varnutka was the current Tatar village of Varnutka; but there was not a single memo, there is no one memo, mightily confirm this. Everything is based on the predanii Starokilov, who heard from Festiva and Dѣov, that this Selena was found from a consecutive reason: in The times of Turkish domination in the Baidar dolnnѣ, the profit from the Varna of some Greek and began to send off the platform to the famous now under the name of the Varnutka. Proceedings he was held openly a significant treasure in the church, where the foundation was barely, the foundation remained. A large amount on the device, on a happy Mѣsta fountain for him, which was named Varnaly (i.e. Varnskiy), and he had sedged, when they settled in the neighborhood of his Muslim, then settlement got the name of the Varnutka. "

Another local history, E.Venikeev, in the guidebook " Sevastopol routes"Retelling the legend above argues about the later history of the Varnutka (pottery): "... True, in our knowledge of the past, the valley comes a long break - until 1778, it is known that this year the Christian population of Crimea was evicted in the aisle, including two villages of the Varnutsk Valley." Please note: according to the information E.Venikeev from the Varnutka in the Azov region, all the Christian population was resettled, nevertheless, the same Condaraki in the work "In the memory of the Crimea" of 1883, the publication clearly indicates:

"Some villages, such as Lambat, Capesichor, Varnutka and Musions, to avoid relocation, accepted Islam"

Yes, and in the "Vedomosti-executed with the testimony, how many different kinds of Crimean land, what cities and villages sent to Russia Christians" 1778 no Varnutka.

I get acquainted with historical documents, we will continue our journey.

The fountain described in the legend above has been preserved to this day. It is located in the center of the village, under a large emission, the metal fence around the traces of improvements to 20 years ago. In the same center of the pottery (Varnutka) there is a rural club, a shop and a playground. On the outskirts of the brotherly grave of fighters who died in brutal battles with an invaders near the pottery (Varnutka). In general, the usual village, what are the dozens of Sevastopol. However, we are the history of pottery (varnutka) interests only in terms of general development and geographical binding. Landmark, which further in the story will we are talking Located in one of the ravings of the Varnutsk Valley near the village of Pottery (Varnutka).

In 2002, a resident of the city Sevastopol made the discovery where, as it seemed, he was not waiting. In one of the deep, with steep sides, ravines found a variety of stone disks and blanks for them. An inquisitive researcher immediately reported his discovery by scientists, and later to journalists. With a more careful examination, it turned out that on a small plot of deep, overgrown, the ravine concentrates more than fifty stone circles of various diameters with holes and without.

In subsequent years, tourists and local historians inspecting an amazing ravine with stone disks began to notice that their number decreases ... Among the tourists was Elina Pereverzeva, the kindly provided photos of 2006 for the photo album below.

Stone circles near pottery (Varnutka). Photos of 2006:

In subsequent years, the number of stone circles near the village of Pottery (Varnutka) was uncontrollably decreased. What was more than 50 in 2002 turned into no more than 10 in 2012 ...

What are these stone discs? Why did you get dragged in this place? Where did they disappear in just 10 years? Let's try to answer all these questions.

Let's start with the fact that the data of the stone circles near the pottery (Varnutka) was manufactured. Researchers who conducted the systematization and measurement of the circles have advanced several hypotheses. The most believable version, - stone millstone mills, alas because of the design features was postponed. Another version is the base (base) of a column of some ancient Temple It is also weak (columns, mainly manufactured from import marble). There is another very believable version. Take a look at the drawing:

Old olive press

This graphic image captures the press for the manufacture of olive oil on greek island Limin Hersonissou is not a museum exhibit, but a completely worker suitable for use olive press. This version of the use of stone circles near the village of Pottery is good, in its also the benefit testifies and more thorough treatment of the ends of the products, but there are difficulties. The difficulties are that olive trees are not growing in the Crimea. It is known that Chersonese is among the import goods bought and olive oil. So olives are not suitable here, you need to look for another application. Maybe instead of olives pressed something else, such as apples? And maybe stone circles near the pottery (Varnutka) sent for export to the same Greece? Alas, but many questions and so few answers ...

For a response to the second question, this place was chosen for the workshop of stone circles near the pottery (Varnutka), refer to the geological map and the geological section of the region of interest to us.

Geological map of Sevastopol's surroundings

As we can see most of the Heraklah Peninsula, the rocks of the Miocene-first era of the neogenic period are described (marked with the index "N1", it began 23.03 million years ago and ended 5.333 million years ago). These breeds are represented here in the form of limestone, sand and clay. The area of \u200b\u200bthe Varnutsk Valley and the village of Pottery, in close proximity to the stone circles, is represented by another geological eracho-early chalk. This era began 145.0 million years ago and ended 100.5 million years ago (designated by the index "K1"). The breed of the epoch is represented by sandstones, conglomerates and clays.

Of course, such unstable to the destruction and abrasion of rocks as limestone, and especially nosed limestones of the herakley peninsula, are not able to withstand long loads in a similar figure above the press (resistance to abrasion 0.80 cm3). Tight and homogeneous sandstones in their structure, of which the stone circles are carved near the pottery (varnutka) about ten times more resistant to abrasion (resistance to abrasion 0.08 cm3). It was this factor that was the main one when choosing a place under the workshop on the manufacture of stone circles. Of course, there are more resistant to the abrasion of the breed (granite, for example), but also the complexity in mining and in the manufacture of these products would be incomparable above.

Having answered two previous questions, we had the most unpleasant, third question. Where are these 40 unique, poorly learned stone disks near the pottery (Varnutka)? The answer to this question lies in ... the Internet. For several years now, on specialized tourist, local lore and urban forums, photos and reports are slipped about the fact that someone came by car and dragged a few stone circles that someone decorated themselves to the gift, and someone is just Lying a slide under the fence of the car service ...

Stone disks (circles) are located near the village of Pottery in the Varnutsk Valley:

Only panorama and photos

Panorama of the ravine with stone circles in the Varnutsk Valley near the village of Pottery:

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Sevastopol, part of the Orlynovsky village council. Former name - Varnutka (until 1945, see the Varnutsk Valley). Pottery - the first village on the road from Sevastopol to Yalta, in Soviet times it was the center of one of the departments of the suburban statement "Red October". It is located on the left bank of the dry river, 20 kilometers from Sevastopol, at the south side of the H-19 highway Sevastopol - Yalta. Square village - 0.86 km². Population - 644 people according to the results of the 2001 census (613 people for 2012 according to the village council).

On November 11, 1941, the 149th regiment of the 40th Cavalry division under the command of L. Kalugovsky's lieutenant colonel, being in a semicircle, led two hours an unequal battle by der. Varnutka. The 154th regiment of the same division came to the rescue (the commander - lieutenant colonel A. K. Makarenko), and the fascists were knocked out of the settlement.

AT soviet timesWhen Sevastopol was considered a closed city, on the highway near the village of Pottery was a gearbox. Next to the village is a pond, in which you can swim and go fishing.

This is how it describes the village in one of the articles V. H. Kondaraki:

"The third village of Greeks in the Baidar valley was the current Tatar village of Varnutka; But here there is no one monument that can confirm this assumption. Everything is based on the legends of the old-timers who heard from fathers and grandfathers that the name of this village occurred for the following reason: during the times of Turkish domination to the Baidar valley arrived from Varna some Greek and began to make excavations on the ground, known now as Varnutka. Its works were crowned with the discovery of a significant treasure in the church, from which there were barely notable traces of the foundation. For the memory of this event, the alien spent quite a large amount on the device, on a happy place for him, the fountain, who called the Varnales (i.e. Varnutsky), and later, when they settled in the neighborhood of Muslims, the settlement got the name Varnutka. "¹

The fountain described in the legend above has been preserved to this day. It is located in the center of the village, under a large splashing guise, a metal fence around it is traces of improvements. In the same center of the pottery there is a rural club with a library, a shop and a playground. On the outskirts - a cemetery with a brotherly grave of fighters who died in brutal battles with an invaders near the pottery. Opposite the village - the German cemetery, where the soldiers of the Wehrmacht were buried, who died in the Crimea during the Second World War.

One kilometer west from the village is a reserve village, and then on the road you can go to mountain pass And go down the path on the Black Sea coast. In the area of \u200b\u200bpottery rich forest mushrooms.

On the highway Sevastopol - Yalta, passing through the village, there is a small market where grandmothers trade in rural products. Of all the proposed manifolds, attention is only worth paying for dairy products and eggs. They have a true rustic taste.

Coordinates (GPS):

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Community

Geography

Pottery is located on the left shore of the dry river (the left flow of the Black River), on the influx of a dry small river Varnutka 20 kilometers from Sevastopol, the south side of the road N-19. Sevastopol - Yalta, the height of the center of the village above the sea level of 262 m. One kilometer west from the village is the village backup.

Population

Modern condition

Name

The historical name of the village - Varnutka, there are two versions of its origin. Vasily Kondarakka led a local legend, according to which in the XVIII century a certain Greek treasure detector, a resident of Varna, found treasures here and gratefully arranged a fountain Varnala, that is, Varnsky, (existing so far). At the more believable version of Bereter-Duchada Varnutka - Russian version of the Turkic Verne, or Varan-Koi - Translated by the "abandoned village", which was confirmed by excavations of the 1960s. When renaming, apparently, took into account the presence in the village in the 1940s of pottery production.

History

Excavations of 1962-1964, under the leadership of Academician Jacobson, traces of the settlement of the VIII-IX centuries were found in the village and christian churchwho died at the turn of the IX-X of the Vesov, but revived in the XIV century. Inhabited his descendants ready and Alans, mixed with the local population, as seen from the results of archaeological research - Christians. In the era of the Principality of Feodoro, the settlement was part of its composition, belonging to the local feudal - the castle domain Kokia-Isar Either, until 1345, Balaclava Feudals, or, most likely, the owner of the castle-Isara Cala Fatlar (He is Kuchuk-Mascus Isar). Anatoly Jacobson noted at various points near the village of numerous construction remnants of the Principality of Feodoro (XIII-XIV centuries). After the capture of the principality in 1475, the settlement was included in the Mangup Kadyolka of the Kefinsky Sanjaka (subsequently Eyaleta) of the Empire. In the materials of the curses of Kefinsky Sanjaka 1520 and 1542, the village is not mentioned, to which there may be two explanations: either, according to Berta-Delagard, the name of the Varnutka - the distorted Waran-Koy - "Abandoned Village" and settled at a later time, already Crimean Tatars, or the name sounded somehow differently and not recognized in the lists. In Crimean Khanate Varnitka It was only 9 years old - from the independence of independence in 1774 to the accession of Crimea to Russia (8) on April 19, 1783, administratively entering Camero description of Crimea... 1784, in Mangup Kadyelk bakchi-Saraiskago Kaymakanov.

After establishing the Soviet authorities in the Crimea, according to Krymvsky's decree dated January 8, 1921, the volost system was abolished and the village was part of the Sevastopol County. On January 21, 1921, the Balaklava District was created on the territory of Sevastopol County, the Baidar district existed since December 1921, which included the Varnutka. According to other sources, the area was formed by the decision of the Crimean CEC and SNK on April 4, 1922 (in the second case, the date almost coincides with the transfer of the district center to Baidar - on the site of Sevastopol City Council on May 6 of the same year). In 1922, the departments received the name of the districts. On October 11, 1923, according to the WTCIK decree, changes were made to the administrative division of the Crimean ASSR, as a result of which the Baidar was eliminated and the Sevastopol district was created and the village was included in its composition. September 10, 1925, decision collection of citizens of the village council, Bajdar village council was disappeared and Varnutsky created, the population of the village for 1925 amounted to 409 people. According to List settlements Crimean ASSR on the All-Union Census December 17, 1926, in the village of Varnutka, the center of the Varnutsky village council of Sevastopol district, 102 yard were listed, of which 91 peasant, the population was 426 people, of which 301 Crimean Tatarin, 73 Ukrainians, 38 Greeks, 13 Russians, operated Russian-Tatar School I Steps (five-year plan) . On the basis of the Resolution of the Crimean Circulation of September 15, 1930, the Balaklava district was again created and the Varnutka was included in its composition. According to the All-Union Census of the population of 1939, 409 people lived in the village.

Notes

1. This settlement is located on the territory of the Crimean Peninsula, most of which is the object of territorial disagreements between Russia, which controls the disputed territory, and Ukraine, within the limits of the international community of borders of which the disputed territory is located. According to the Federal Device of Russia, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - the Republic of Crimea and the city of the federal value of Sevastopol are located on the disputed territory of the Crimea. According to the administrative division of Ukraine, the regions of Ukraine are located on the disputed territory of Crimea - the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and the city with special status Sevastopol.
2. According to Russia's position
3. According to the position of Ukraine
4. Census of 2014. The population of the Crimean Federal District, urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements (Neopr.) . Date of handling September 6, 2015. Archived on September 6, 2015.
5. Sevastopol switched to Russian numbering (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). The official website of the Government of Sevastopol. Date of handling February 9, 2015. Archived on November 8, 2014.
6. Postal Codes Sevastopol (Neopr.) . Indexpotter.rf. Caption date on May 27, 2015.
7. In historical documents there are also the option of Varnautka.
8. The law of the city of Sevastopol №17-ZS dated June 3, 2014 "On the establishment of borders and the status of municipalities in the city of Sevastopol" (rus.). Adopted by the Legislative Assembly of the city of Sevastopol on June 2, 2014 (entered into force on June 14, 2014). Date of appeal August 30, 2015.
9. Varnala - Geochechersky Fountain (Neopr.) . geocaching.su. Caption date July 19, 2016.
10. Weather forecast in s. Pottery (Crimea) (Neopr.) . Weather.in.ua. Caption date April 7, 2016.
11. Sevastopol City Council. Permanent population. All-Ukrainian population census of 2001 (Neopr.) . Date of treatment September 7, 2014. Archived on September 7, 2014.
12. Popular points of the Balaklava district. Population for 2011 (Neopr.) . Date of appeal November 17, 2014. Archived November 17, 2014.
13. Lashkov F. F. The statement of all villages in the Simferopolsky district of consisting with a testimony in which the parish is how much yard and shower ... dated October 9, 1805. P. 86. // News of the Tauride Scientific Commission, t. 26. - Simferopol: Tauride provincial printing house, 1897.
14. Tauridian province. List of settlements in terms of information 1864 g / M. Raevsky. - Central Statistical Committee of the Ministry of the Interior. - St. Petersburg: Typography of Charles Wolf, 1865. - P. 82. - 137 p. - (lists of towns of the Russian Empire).
15. Volosts and important selenium of European Rossii. According to data, it is planned by the statistical institutions of the Ministry of the Interior, according to the instructions of the statistical staff. - St. Petersburg: Statistical Committee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, 1886. - T. 8. - P. 80. - 157 p.
16. Werner K.A. Alphabetical list of villages // Collection of statistical information on the Tauride province. - Simferopol: Crym newspaper typography, 1889. - T. 9. - 698 p.
17. Calendar and memorable book of the Tauride province for 1892. - 1892. - P. 77.
18. Tauride provincial statistical committee. Calendar and memorable book of the Tauride province for 1902. - 1902. - P. 136-137.
19. Collective authors (Crimean CSB). List of settlements of the Crimean ASSR on the All-Union census on December 17, 1926. . - Simferopol: Crimean Central Statistical Office., 1927. - P. 112, 113. - 219 p.
20. R. Muzafarov. Crimean Tatar Encyclopedia. - Vathan, 1993. - T. 1 / A - K /. - 424 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN OTS., Reg. № in RKP 87-95382.
21. Nedvailkin E. V., Hapain V. V. Administrative and territorial division of the Balaclava district in the 50s of the XX century // Culture, Science, Education: Problems and Perspectives: Materials of the IV All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference. Ch. I. - P. 286-287. - Nizhnevartovsk: Publishing House of Nizhnevartovsky State. University, 2015.
22. Toponyms of Sevastopol and surroundings. G. (Neopr.) . Narod.ru. Date of appeal January 20, 2017.
23. with pottery m Sevastopol, Balaklavsky district (ukr.). Verkhovna Rada Ukraine. Date of treatment on June 27, 2016.
24. , Orlyinovsky village council.
25. Balaklava district. Popular points of the Balaklava district. (Neopr.) . Date of appeal July 6, 2016. Archived November 17, 2014.
26. Orliane rural council. (Neopr.) . The official website of the Orlinovsky Rural Council of the Balaklava district of Sevastopol. Date of appeal May 16, 2016. Archived on July 13, 2013.
27. . Census of the population in Sevastopol 2014. Results (Neopr.) . The territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service in Sevastopol (Sevastopoltat). Reference date 8 April 2016.
28. Secondary education (Neopr.) . Department of Education of the city of Sevastopol. Caption date May 16, 2016.
29. Culture institutions (Neopr.) (inaccessible link). The official portal of the state authorities of Sevastopol. Candle date on May 28, 2016. Archived June 30, 2016.
30. The fraternal grave of warriors of the Second World War - s. Pottery (Varnutka) (Neopr.) . Book of memory of Ukraine. Caption date July 19, 2016.
31. German cemetery. Village pottery. Sevastopol. (Neopr.) . Hope of the Crimea. Caption date July 19, 2016.
32. Natalia Kudryavtseva. Traveling in native villages (Neopr.) . Rylit.ru. Caption date July 19, 2016.
33. Natalia Kudryavtseva. Pottery village (former Varnutka) (Neopr.) . Rylit.ru. Date of appeal 25 April 2016. Archived August 19, 2013.
34. V. V. Masyakin. The peoples of the Crimea. Goths (Neopr.)
35. I. N. Khrukunov. The peoples of the Crimea. Alans (Neopr.) . Ancient gold Crimea. Caption date 10 April 2016.
36. A.G. Herzen. Yu.M. Mogarich. On some issues of the history of Tauridation of the iconoboric period in the interpretation of X.-F. Baire (Neopr.)
37. Fadeeva, Tatyana Mikhailovna, Shaposhnikov, Alexander Konstantinovich. Principality of the Feodoro and his princes. Crimean-Gothic collection. . - Simferopol: Business Inform, 2005. - 295 p. - ISBN 978-966-648-061-1.
38. Isar Cala Fatlar on the rock of fig
39. Chernov E. A. Identification of settlements of Crimea and its administrative and territorial division of 1784 (Neopr.) . Azov Greeks. Caption date 10 April 2016.
40. , Manifesto on the adoption of the Crimean Peninsula, Taman Island and the entire Kuban side under the Russian power. 1783 year with. 96.
41. Lashkov F. F. Kaymakani and in these kaymakans who consists // Catchy description of Crimea, 1784. - Simferopol: News of the Tauride Scientific Archival Commission, 1888. - T. 6.
42. , Decree Catherine II on the formation of the Tauride region. February 8, 1784, p. 117.
43. Lashkov F. F. Materials for the history of the second Turkish war 1787-1791 //