Sviyazhsk was founded on May 24, 1551 as the strategic fortress of the Moscow kingdom. Grade was built as a transit point for the conquest of Kazan Khanate. Grad was erected under the leadership of Ivan IV Terrible in just four weeks. However, after Soviet power and the remnants of the Gulag cannot come to themselves for several decades. Sviyazhsk became a refuge for many artists, among them the chief decorator of the film Tarkovsky - Stalker. Pushkin himself admitted that this was exactly that represented his fabulous island of Buyan. This is truly magical and indescribable beauty space. My story about the history of the island, its features, museums, attractions and people. 
It is impossible to study Sviyazsk infinitely, no wonder in his archive is stored several tens of thousands of exhibits. The mountain on which Grad was founded was formed in the period of melting of glaciers. In 8-9 centuries, Suwar rites were held on top of the mountain. Young Russian king Ivan IV, seeing this place, decides to build here military base. The need for a transshipment point arose due to the desire to achieve the seizure of Kazan Khanate. The numerous army of the Moscow kingdom was knocked out of the forces, reaching Kazan, the soldiers needed a rest in a fortified fortress.
For the future, Grad prepared a flat pad, for this I had to completely cut the top of the mountain. About a thousand kilometers, in Uglichovsky forests, all the facilities of the future Sviyazhsk were fully erected, then the hail was disassembled and fused down the Volga. For 28 days, 75 thousand people gathered a ready-made city, which was superior in size to the Moscow Kremlin. It became the only and unique example of the shortest bookmark of the city. More than thousand courtyards were erected, in which approximately 5 thousand people lived.
In construction, a larch was used, which eventually becomes strong as a stone and stable to weather conditions. Many european cities Standing on larch, for example, everyone familiar to Venice.
On the island there is a wooden church, which is 462 years old. On the logs you can see cuts that put at the time for the account. Then it was believed that the saw torments the tree and only a rough ax was used in construction. Circled without nails, so that the tree did not start up with the time.
The church was built in one day. In it is the altar, where Ivan IV prayed before going to Kazan, after which the conquest was successful. It is believed that this is the most ancient wooden church on the Volga.
Decorative elements of the iconostasis are made of linden, the icons themselves are stored in State Museum Fine arts of Tatarstan. Now it is planned to return the icons to the previous place, but not the originals, but their copies. In the 16th century, the church was covered thanks to special sliding openings, they were used for ventilation.
A large social program was held on the island, 88 Sviyazh families were resettled from monastic structures and architectural monuments to new homes. Previously, I had to dump the houses on firewood, and wearing water from the well. All communications are provided in new homes. Good example The relocation was the Zemskaya Hospital, now it is reconstructed under the museum.
In Sviyazhsk, the multinational population. Among 248 people most of Russians can also be found Mariers, Chuvash, Georgians and even there is one baptized Tatar family. A little less than 100 years old Sviyazisk is officially rural settlement, Up to this, the 4th century was the island-hail. There is a school where 27 children are studying and kindergartenwhere 14 guys are walking. In the local police station, 3 employees work.
In 1555, a monastery was founded in Sviyazsk, in the first 5 years two temples were erected: Nikolsky Cathedral and the Assumption Church. Bricklayers from the famous Pskov Artel were erected. The same people built powerful walls of the Kazan Kremlin and Cathedral of Vasily bliss in Moscow on Red Square.
Already in the 17th century, a 43-meter bell tower appeared - the highest conservation of Sviyazhsk. In the 18th century, a fraternal case was built.
The first governor of the German monastery in 1564 was invited to Moscow. Ivan Grozny was going to build him in the Chin of the Main Metropolitan of the whole country. But Herman refused, because he did not agree with the royal policy of Okrichnin.
Another temple was built in a pseudozantine or an old Russian style for Mother Apfi Mother. Mother did not live a few years before the opening of the temple and died in 1905, her grave was in the basement of the church. The architect was opposed Pavel Malinovsky, who designed the Trinity Cathedral of the Raific Monastery and the Temple of the Great Martyr Barbara in Kazan.
In 1911, the cathedral was painted, but according to the technical error of the artist, after 3 years, it took an update. The paint had to be applied to the canvas, and then glued to the walls. In 1914, an ordinary linoleum was used instead of canvas. The Cathedral of Our Lady of all the mournful joy means the joy asking for God.
Monasteries used to be the most rich organizations, had their own production. They were the largest landowners of that era, for this reason the Soviet government had nicknamed them. In 4 kilometers from the island, Leo Trotsky participated in battle against the white movement, where his detachment gave a retreat. Sayer in Sviyazhsk, he came out on the Christmas Square, where they said a fiery speech on how the impact of the ages of the priests durillo the head of people. After that, a monument to Judas Icyarot was installed on the square, as the first revolutionary on earth. The monument stood for several weeks, after which he was destroyed by local residents.
On May 15, 2011, the opening of the Sviyazh Museum took place. Prior to that, the building was located in the building, and in the 20th century, a focusing prison is a certain type of Tatar Alcatraz. The wall, near which the prisoners were shot, had to be disassembled, as the brotherly grave was under it. But the yard for walking prisoners has been preserved.
I managed to restore the camera number 8, they made a small museum. On the walls hanging photos of prisoners taken from the archive. The objects of everyday life of prisoners are presented.
The small chamber contained up to 18 prisoners. Prisoners experienced terrible diseases that led to the development of gangren and amputation. Among the exhibits there is a real prosthesis, which had to wear the victim of political repression to alleviate his short life in waiting for execution.
In the Sviyazh branch of Gulag killed more than 5 thousand people. Here was an outstanding Tatar poet Hasan Tufan and the inventor of the famous Pirates game - the famous artist and representative of the famous Golitsin. Here he created many of his masterpieces whose copies are in the museum. The density of the prison population was constantly exceeded, in some years almost three times.
Every year the island visits a lot of artists, many of them remain here to live. The residents themselves are joking about such that came for several days, but lingered for several decades. Among such artists is the chief decorator of the film of the Tarkov "Stalker" Rashid Safiullin. He draws Sviyazh at different times of the year.
Many are confident that Sviyazisk Island is the very island of Buyan, which Pushkin described in his fairy tale. The story states that the great poet visited the island two years after writing a "tale about Tsar Saltan." During his visit, he acknowledged that this was the fabulous island of Buyan. Artists of Golubanze and Artamonov recreated a kaleidoscope of the life of an ordinary person on the island:
People live in their homes.
Going to work.
Care for children and read prayer.
And their souls are ascended to heaven.
By the way, Sviyazisk was not always an island. In 1957, people woke up and said "Now the sea around us." As a result of the formation of the Kuibyshev reservoir, the road connecting the capital and the island, flooded. Before this, Sviyazhska was 70 hectares more, now all this is hidden under water. There was a chance that the Sviyazhsk will be flooded completely, but people did not move. Until 2008, it was possible to get to the island only on water.
Another feature of the island is the absence of a civil cemetery, it is located on the opposite shore. Previously, the body of the deceased person could be delivered either by water or on ice. In the spring, it was impossible to get to the cemetery. If you believe the legend of the island, then the spring people simply did not die, and the feminine was delivered in advance to a big land.
The monastery cemetery is present on the island. There were also buried servants or honorary patrons. The richest benefactor was Kamenev, his family was buried on the island, but the burial is fully lost during the years of Soviet power.
The most important and elegant place in Russian homes is the oven. So that the furnace has become even more elegant, it was customary to decorate her handmade tiles. The clay tile successfully displays the way and the identity of its era.
Most recently, the exhibition "Path of the Tie" opened in Sviyazhsk. It presents the tiles of Moscow, Yaroslavl, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod., New Jerusalem and other cities. Meet the whole and saved tile - it is a rarity. In the exposition you can see quite interesting exhibits.
During its existence, the island-hail Sviyazisk did not survive hostilities. Big story Little Island may envy many states. To explore the collected clubs of history can leave not one dozen years. It remains only to envy people living and found themselves in this historical place.
There is a charming city of Sviyazhsk, resembling the fairy-tale island of Buyan. Sights of Sviijski attract pilgrims from all over the Orthodox worlds who want to visit numerous churches and monasteries located on his lands.
Looking back in the past
The founder of the city became Ivan the Terrible, who, after the next unsuccessful storming of Kazan, decided to establish a fortress city on these lands to be able to prolonged the impregnable Khansky city. The place for the outpost here was perfect: a high hill, washed by two rivers and surrounded by non-peculiar swamps. The fortress was built in a record short time - in just four weeks! The construction of the fortress was carried out in the forests located for 1000 kilometers upstream of the Volga, then it was disassembled and delivered to the wilt to a round mountain, where the fortress was collected on a log as a constructor. On the same deadlines, the first "spiritual" sights of Sviyazhsk were erected: the Christmas Cathedral (was destroyed by fire in 1795) and the Trinity Church. After taking Kazan, all management functions switched to her, and only the title of the first Christian monastery of the Kazan Diocese was entrenched behind the Sviyazhsky.
The island of Sviyazhsk became relatively recently: in 1955, after the construction of the Kuibyshev NPP, the average flow of the Volga was turned into a reservoir, the waters of which a large number of villages were flooded. However, Sviyazki was lucky more: Located on a steep mountain, he retained his historical Center Above the surface of the Volga, turning into the island.
Sights of the island
Sviyazzsk Island is famous for its Christian architectural monuments, but not only they are of interest to visitors. No less attention deserves and wonderful nature of this Volga region. Life here flows dimly, calmly and more complex, almost from each point of the island, there are excellent views of the river surface, to look at which you can endlessly. The air of the island is filled with silence, grace and tranquility. However, the main purpose of the visit to the island of Sviyazisk remains visiting churches and monasteries, superbly preserved from past centuries.
Holy Trinity Church
The very first church of the island, erected in 1551 during the construction of Sviyazhsk. This is the only wooden temple on the island and the most ancient church Within the Volga, preserved to this day. The temple in the literal sense of the word was built without a single nail due to special laying technology logs. In the second half of the XVII century, the building of this sights of Sviyazhsk has undergone significant changes in the interior, while retaining only the iconostasis, and at the beginning of the XIX century, the temple was put on the brick base, she was crushed by boards and painted oil paint, the true beauty of this structure was crushed. However, during the restoration work in 2010-2012, her original appearance was returned to the Troitsk Church.
Inside the temple, coolness reigns and twilight, from each log blows an old day. Now the church is valid only as a museum, the entrance is paid.
Assumption Male Monastery
Another monument to the architecture that Sviyazisk is proud of. The monastery has a unique historical and architectural value equal to which is not in the entire Middle Volga. On its territory there are two ancient temples built in the middle of the XVI century almost immediately after the construction of the fortress here. This is the Nikolsk Church with a high bell tower, which is now open exclusively for monks, and the Assumption Cathedral. Of particular value for art historians is the last, built in the style of Pskov temples, and its frescoes. In the XVIII century, the temple received a new dome and patterned baroque kokoshniki, but in the rest of his appearance remained unchanged.
Inside the cathedral, a full unique cycle of Wall painting of the Epoch of John IV is preserved (dated 1561). This is one of two samples of fresco painting XVIII century in Russia. The frescoes occupy an area of \u200b\u200babout 1080 square meters. m, the most famous compositions: "Holy Christopher" (the only fresco preserved in the world with the non-canonical image of the Holy), "Procession to Paradise", "Mother's Assumption" in the Altar, "Fatherland" on the dome and "Crucified Christ on God's chest" on Head of the Church.
In addition to the ancient churches on the territory of the monastery, there are other sights of Sviyazhsk, built in the XVII-XVIII centuries. In the Soviet years, as part of anti-religious propaganda, the Ascension Temple and the Temple of German Kazan were destroyed. On the territory of the monastery in the Soviet years there was a corporate labor colony and the NKVD prison.
Church Sergius Radonezhsky
City Sviyazhsk - Museum under open sky. One of his wonderful "exhibits" is the Church of Sergey Radonezhsky, dating from the XVI-XVII centuries. Outwardly, this church is very simple, made of a white dasane stone of different sizes without any jewelry. Over the south-eastern part of the temple, the green dome is towers, and a small bell tower is diagonally from it. On the western wall of the temple you can see the remnants of the fresco painting.
The church is arranged on the second floor, the lower floor was used as a warehouse for monastic economy, there is also an opinion that the monastic cells were located here.
Initially, it was a twopressite temple, but at the end of the XVIII century the building was given to the female community, and another throne with the chapel was attached to the church.
The inner decoration of the temple has not practically suffered from time to time. It perfectly preserved single-tier carved iconostasis, written in ancient Russian style. In the altar, located under the dome, in the winter, stored the power of St. German. In the middle of the castle, as in ancient times, the fraternal refectory is located.
Cathedral of Our Lady "All Morning Joy"
The most impressive cathedral was built at the end of the XVIII - early XIX centuries in the Nepologan style, which was popular in Russia of that time. The appearance of the temple has not changed practically, he now resembles a multi-tier tower with a hemispherical dome. Only one row survived from the Pyhyraulic Iconostasis, the oil painting of the cathedral was almost completely lost, but in this moment Work is underway to restore it.
Near the temple with the hands of the nuns was broken by a magnificent flower garden.
How to get
Going to Sviyazhsk (how to get here, we will tell a little later), it is worth capturing water with you and snack something, since there is only two cafes on the island, which leaves much to be desired. Also do not forget that the monasteries of the island acting, behave and dress should be appropriate.
You can get to the island in two ways: from the same name railway station By car through the dam or on the boat departing from the Sviyazhskaya Pier in Kazan. The second option is much more interesting, since it provides an opportunity about two hours to enjoy the beautiful views of the powerful and full-water Volga.
Sviyazhsk - truly holy for Christians a place, the air of which is filled with bell ringing and prayers. Walk around the island where the most ancient and unique temples Volga region will remain in memory for a long time.
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On February 12, 1550, Moscow Tsar Ivan IV sieged Kazan. The siege lasted eleven days, there were many dead on both sides. February 25, the king retreated. Returning home, Russian troops stopped on the right steep the coast of Sviyagi. Here Ivan IV I liked the "Round Mountain" Island of the Forest, which towering over the Volga allowed to keep the river paths, roads and Kazan itself under control.
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The king was conceived to build a town-fortress here, which would help him capture the capital of Kazan Khanate. He instructed the military engineer to Deak Ivan Georot to draw up the drawings of the fortress and start construction, but not at the selected place, but in the Uglich forests, in the behavior of the boyar of the eared. All winter for a thousand kilometers from Kazan ruled the city with walls, towers and churches. In the spring of 1551, after a test assembly, all the buildings disassembled, immersed on the ships, and splamen to the mouth of the Sviyagi.
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The city was laid on May 24, 1551. The peak of the mountain was hastily cleaned from the forest, but it turned out that only half of the city was enough for a brought material, the rest had to chop out of the local tree. An unprecedented case in the history of architecture - in four weeks on a round grief washed by the River Spring and Pike, grew by a whole wooden fortress city with powerful oak walls, gold-shameful churches, painted outstands, high towers and bell tower. The city was named after the founder Ivan-city, later became called " New town Sviyazhsky ", and soon the short name of Sviyazhsk was fixed - from the Sviyagi River.
For almost 500-year-old, Sviyazisk survived a lot: ups and downs, poverty and wealth, glory and obscurity, worship and pursuing ...
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The powerful fortress after the conquest of Kazan turns into a major administrative and shopping cityWhere foreign embassies arrive and foreign merchants arrive. Later, Sviyazhsk is a monastery town, where life is simple, quiet and filled with grace, then - the county city of the Kazan province, which in 1781 established his coat of arms - on the shield is depicted a city floating on the ship, and under it fish. This is a tribute to the memory of the wonderful building of the city brought from the Uglich forests. After the Sviyazisk revolution, it is a plundered, desecrated temples in which prisons and correctional institutions were located ...
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Cathedral of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, the beginning of the 18th century
Today the city is reborn. As in the past times, the traveler meets white-named monastery walls, golden churches, as before, people live here, perhaps the descendants of those who created this fabulous miracle, the name of which Sviyazhsk. The hospitable island is visited by many tourists from all over the country.
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And immediately on the high shore of the island, we are met by a modest white church with a low bell tower - the Church of Constantine and Elena, built in the XVI century. It is visible from all sides and surprisingly harmoniously fits into the natural environment of the island. This is the only one of the landing churches preserved in the Sviyazhsk. Once she shared the upper part of the city - the fortress and the lower - Posad, where artisans lived.
And at the site of the border was the Christmas gate - the main entrance to the city. On both sides of the Christmas gate, the main city square was located. From the side of the Posad on the square there was a seating courtyard and shops. The trading rows went down to the Sviyaga River, there was a pier where ships were made with goods. Every year on July 8 and September 25 (according to the old style) on the day of the throne holidays in honor of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God in Sviyazhsk, fairs were held.
The city was known for his merchants who built everyone here on Wooden and stone houses. First floor - bakery, shopping shops, shops, second floor - residential premises for the family family.
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Walking through the streets of Sviyazhsk, it is impossible not to admire the wooden lace, which is dressed for merchant houses. The bizarre form balconies, intricate platbands, elegant entrance gates - all this creates a unique appearance of the Russian town. Here every house, each building has its own story. And the farther we are moving around the unwarf path in the depths of the island, the further dive into the depths of the centuries, at the time when Sviyazhsk was, above all, the spiritual center. And now we have holy gates - entrance to the territory of the Women's John the Preteak of the Monastery.
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by Alexander Rachuk
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Sofia Church, end of the 18th century.
Excavations and restoration on the island continues to this day.
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And here interesting place Lined for tourists. Ethnographic complex - Lazy Torzhok. Here you will be introduced with traditions and life local residents. The name "Lazy" happened that the market was here in the old days, but they traded somehow leisurely and Lenovo. Not at all in the rules of the market economy.
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Spectacular and colorful place
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Here you have folk crafts. The real blacksmith is directly with you make your product.
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But the guys are preparing for the reconstruction of historical battle.
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The total weight of simplified armor is 15-18 kg.
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On the left side of the Russian principality warrior in the larva, and on the right - the warrior of Tatar Khanate. The guys immediately warned us that the battle is not staged and they will fully try to reconstruct it in historical canons.
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Swords and boards and legs and head went into the course. The warrior of the Moscow Principality defeated.
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It was interesting to turn elements of combat armor in hand. In the museum, everything is under glass, and here, even though the replica, but available.
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Separate pavilion, where learn to shoot onion and crossbow. I tried to "shine" from the crossbow, but in my opinion everything flew into the milk. Need to adapt.
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We go on the embankment and go towards the monastery.
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The most ancient building of the monastery is a wooden Trinity Church - the only construction of those who have been constructed under the Ugloy and delivered to the mouth of the Sviyagi in the spring of 1551. For almost five centuries, there are already the history of this church, which witnessed many events that took place in Sviyazhsk. Fires and time spared her, and now it is a unique sample of ancient Russian architecture. In the form of the Church of the Holy Trinity resembles a cross - a symbol christian faithFood facing Inside the room of the church is more like a village hut. Wooden benches, massive doors, calm lighting, the fragrance of an unpainted tree create an atmosphere of home coat. All the fuss of the outside world suddenly retreats. It seems that after a long aimless wandering, you finally returned to where you love and wait, where everyone will understand and wait, warm caress and care.
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This is the feature of Russian wooden churches. The firing tree here seems to continue to live - warms in winter and gives the desired coolness in the summer. The feeling of something native, closely enhances the thin, barely intimate smell of the candle wax, which are saturated with ancient walls. The simple decoration of the church complements the four-tier carved iconostasis, striking with its beauty. The royal gates are decorated with icons with an appearance of the Annunciation and Apostles-Evangelists. The bright clothes of Saints and Latin inscriptions are noteworthy - alien to the Orthodox church. The origin of the iconostasis has not yet been established and is one of the mysteries of the Trinity Church.
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The most young temple of the John the Forerovsky Monastery is the cathedral of the Mother of God "Allorrow's joy." He was laid in May 1898. Architect Malinovsky built it in the false-ignition style in those years. Decorated with a majestic dome, the cathedral and today towers over the ancient monastic buildings. Everyone who is part of it, the temple is striking with a huge indoor space. Sunlight penetrates through a variety of windows adorning the dome and arched overlaps of the cathedral. In the center of the temple, the sun's rays are found and giving God's grace to any, part of an open heart and a clean soul.
On the territory of the John the Baptist Monastery attract the attention of Celi, where the nuns lived. Pretty and leisure was their life in the monastery. The modest decoration of the kesels: a narrow bed, a table, a beveled stand-anal stand, helped to dedicate from worldly worries and completely devote themselves to serving God. A little indeed is the housing of Igumeny - a simple structure that served as the house of the monastery's Mother's manpower.
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In the center of the monastery is Sergievskaya Church - the first stone building on the territory of the monastery. The thick walls of the temple are laid out of a duck white stone.
The building has two floors. At the bottom were placed cells for monks, and at the top of the church. At the temple there was a refectory, where the parishioners were waiting for the start of service, treated. There were also married mantis, who came to the monastery from afar in the days of large holidays, this part of the temple was also used for remembered rites and for reading royal decrees.
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This is what the ensemble of the John-Forerovsky Women's Monastery has reached this day. And in the southern part of the island, trains of travelers opens, perhaps the most famous in Sviyazk male Assumption Monastery.
It was founded in 1555 by Archbishop Gurius. Two unique monuments of the time of Ivan the Terrible are preserved here - the Assumption Cathedral and the Nikolskaya's refectory church.
The Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary was erected in 1560 from the White Stone. The temple of Pskov Masters with the participation of the Yakovleev and Ivan Ivan's participation. A small temple admires the harmony of lines. Fancy architectural details are attached to the Assumption Cathedral of airiness, ease. It seems that we have fabulous tale tale, which came down from the paintings of an unknown artist.
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Immediately after the construction of the Assumption Cathedral was painted inside and outside. Unfortunately, the outer painting of the temple has not been preserved. But the inner decoration of the cathedral produces an indelible impression, and for a long time remains in the memory of anyone who once opened the heavy door and found himself under the arches ancient Temple. Amazing, the fantastic world of frescoes worries with its magnificence, from them the distant old one. Thoughtful hands of an unknown master breathed life in them, it seems that they are not alien to human suffering, dreams, joy and experiences.
The artists who played the Assumption Cathedral drew plots for their colorful compositions not only from canonical books, but also from Apocalypse and apocryphic legends (the history of the first people in paradise, etc.). On the dome, we see the image of the god of Savaof. Closed in white robes that cast transparent pink and light green tones, Savaof sits on a golden throne on two pillows - green and red. He is creating, blessing all with both sighs. The fire-red circle behind the throne symbolizes the "impregnable light" in which the Lord lives.
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A blue strip, enveling circle, denotes the sky and filled with images of cherubs and dirty angels. The footage, which is based on the feet of the Creator, and the legs of the throne are also on the blue strip. Looking at this image, I unwittingly remember the strings of the Holy Scriptures: "The sky is my throne."
Slightly below the gaze appears seven archangels and the guardian angel. This is a heavenly man - the keepers of the throne of the Lord. They are given the right to mediation between the sky and the Earth.
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On the walls of the Assumption Cathedral, you can see interesting frescoes dedicated to the topic "Days of Creation". The artist develops the plot of painting, moving along the wall from left to right, following the sunlight. It seems the impression of the involvement of the events depicted by an ancient master. Bright colorful frescoes tell us about the creation of the world - step by step, day by day, in the sequence, as the Lord did.
Many frescoes are devoted to the Holy Trinity, the lives of saints, apostles, biblical events and, of course, the life of the Virgin Mary. The temple fresco "The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin" is striking the wealth of paints, brightness, clarity of lines.
She tells us about the last path of the Holy Woman of the Orthodoxy of the Virgin Mary. It is in honor of this event and consecrated the Assumption Cathedral.
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There are in the temple and fresco that tells about the overexposition of Satan and his military, which is a rare image for orthodox churches. Fallen angels flying from the sky fly, unnatural bent bent, down his head.
You can infinitely talk about the magnificence of the inner decoration of the temple. But only once, having seen his own eyes, you can feel the attractive power of ancient frescoes.
The temple painting of the Assumption Cathedral is clear and close to everyone. Some, looking at bright, memorable images are strengthened in their faith, the others who have fallen into the Orthodox Church, unwittingly freeze, experiencing a sacred trendy and reverence before the extraordinary force of the talent of the ancient masters, who managed to convey to us the magnificent beauty of the inner decoration of the House of God. It is difficult to overestimate the meaning of the Sviyazh frescoes: because this is the only one, almost entirely preserved to our days a full cycle of the Wall mural of the XVI century.
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Having reluctantly leaving the Assumption Cathedral, we find yourself in the monastery yard, where the Nikolskaya Church appears to our view - the oldest stone building of Sviyazhsk. It is laid in the fall of 1555 almost simultaneously with the Assumption Cathedral. A year later, construction was completed. It was necessary to build this small church, because a newly founded monastery urgently needed a premises for church services, and the construction of the Assumption Cathedral began, because of the large amount of work could not quickly finish.
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A bell tower was erected next to the church. This is the highest Sviyazsk building has a height of 43 meters. Top leads steep stairsThose who once risen risen to breathe life, fill the force, and make five heavy bells talk. The bells convened monks to prayer, graduated from the service, glorified the name of God. Their cheerful chime, stretching, null voice or anxious Nabat brought the inhabitants of monastic walls joy, sadness or news of the fire.
From the lower tier, the bell tower on the underground move was to reach the coast of the Sviyagi. Who used this secret pass? Maybe those unfortunate, who, by the will of fate, were in the "Earth's Prison" for the assimilation and correction of naughty monks and managed somehow from there to get out and resort to the help of the Sviyazh brothers? And maybe, taking advantage of the secret course, the monks could notice the enemy's arrow approaching the Sviyazk in time and, warning his brotherhood, prepare for defense ... The true purpose of this move is still one of the mysteries of the Assumption male monastery.
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And on the territory of the abode, we can see many more interesting buildings: fraternal celi, the revenus steps are permanent and summer, hospital celi. These buildings live their special life, each building here has its own story. We can touch silent, cool stones and seem to be transferred to several centuries ago, in those days when the Assumption Monastery flourished, held seventh place in the list of 1105 monasteries of the Russian Empire.
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A large part of the territory of the monastery was occupied by a magnificent garden - a symbol of the paradise kushche. In summer, he gave the desired coolness in the inhabitants of the monastery. It was possible to relax from everyday worries in a beautiful gazebo, covered with wooden chips and decorated with carved items. And in the fall, the garden gave rich yields, being a source of food of monastic brethren. The garden served the garden, where there was a greenhouse for growing early vegetables and seedlings.
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A little bit can see the old monastery cemetery. For many years, the inhabitants of the monastery were calmed here. This cemetery has become the last refuge and martyrs who died in Sviyazsk in the post-revolutionary period. Those years were a heavy test for the wonderful island of Sviyazhsk and its inhabitants. The destruction of temples, abuse over the ancient shrines, permanent arrests and executions are one of the sad pages of the story of the island. But, despite this, Sviyazhsky managed to preserve his originality - the appearance of an old Russian town with golden domes of blonde temples, slender bell tiles, fancy decorated with merchant houses.
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Today, the ancient shrines of the island is reborn - hail Sviyazhsk. Since 1997, Assumption began to act again male monastery. Brachia, led by the abbot, Kirill, took responsibility for the reconstruction of the temples and the monastery buildings, which are the architectural pearls of Sviyazhsk.
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Surrounded from all sides with water, a fairy-tale island as a magnet attracts travelers. Man once speaking on the holy full unsolved secrets The Earth Sviyazhska will forever keep in the memory of the particular atmosphere of something sublime, unreasonable, which, as it enhances the island, turning it into a miracle hail.
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Photo 64. 
But the small missile ship "Grad Sviyazhsk", built at OJSC "Zelenodolsky Plant named after A. M. Gorky" armed with Rockets "Calibr"
Photo 65. 
sources of historical text:
Island-Grad Sviyazhsk - Administratively, this is a small village (only 252 inhabitants) in the Zelenodolsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan. But it is difficult to find a similar place with as much as rich history. After all, Sviyazhsk is a city that conquered an impregnable Kazan.
Novograd Sviyazhsky
Mid-XVI century. Between the Moscow Kingdom and Kazan Khanate, a fierce struggle. Ivan the Terrible by anything wants to conquer the Volga region.
Kazan Khanate in a deep crisis. Almost the only outpost of resistance to Russian troops, superior to the enemy in numbers and artillery, - Kazan.
In 1550, the army of Ivan Grozny took the second attempt to conquer the capital of Kazan Khanate. Unsuccessful: too far from Moscow to regularly supply troops with a provisional and weapons. But, returning home, the governors noticed in the middle of the river a high hill with steep slopes and a flat vertex (Kara-Kermen). About "Nakhodka" reported to the king.
Figure M. I. Makhaeva (mid XVIII century).
Grozny immediately appreciated the strategic value of the hill. The hill is surrounded by water almost from all sides; He is just 26 versts from Kazan, but it is not visible from the city. Ivan IV ripe the tricky plan - to build a fortress that would become a transshipment point for Russian troops.
For 1,000 km to the alleged fortress, in the Uglich forests, the king ordered to build a wooden Kremlin. The order was executed. And in the spring of 1551, when the Volga revealed from ice, the king commanded to disassemble the fortress, immerse the brica on the rafts and rush to Kara-Kermen.
On May 24, 1551, Russian troops and workers landed on the island. Work boiled: 75,000 people worked during the day and night. In less than a month, a powerful military fortress has grown on the overgrown with an unhwerly hill, which exceeded even the Moscow Kremlin. Following the two churches - Trinity and Christmas, as well as numerous economic buildings. The city-fortress was first called the name "Ivan city", and then - "Novograd Sviyazhsky".
Island-hail Sviyazhsk.
What to see in Sviyazhsk?
In the second half of the XVI century, Sviyazhsk received the status of a county city: the population grew, the crafts developed, new churches were built and at home.
By the beginning of the XVIII century, the city became "monastic". All economic, political and administrative functions assumed Kazan. In Sviyazhsk, two monastery were operating - the Trinity-Sergievsky (later - John-Forerovsky) and Assumption. The city was considered a stronghold of spirituality and beauty.
Harmony destroyed the revolution. In 1918, Trotsky arrived in Sviyazisk - a red terror began. The priests were executed, destroyed temples (from 1929 to 1930 destroyed 6 out of the 12th churches in the city), and closed both monasters.
IN soviet time Sviyazhsk became the "city of unnecessary people." In 1928, in the cells of the Assumption Monastery placed a correctional colony for difficult adolescents, and in 1943 - the NKVD camp. Later, these premises were converted to a psychiatric hospital.
Only in the 1960s, after filling the Kuibyshev reservoir, when Sviyazhsk became an island, his cultural and historical revival began.
Scheme of modern swieuzhsk.
Today island Grad Sviyazisk as if portal in the past. There is no public transport, Industry and modern buildings are only the picturesque nature of the Middle Volga and numerous architectural monuments.
In total, on the island of about 20 vintage buildings: some are well preserved, others are dilapidated. Of the existing buildings: Assumption Cathedral (1556-1561), the bell tower of the Nikolskaya Church (1556), Sergiev Church (XVII century), Church of Konstantin and Elena (XVI-XVIII centuries) and others.
Nikolskaya church Sviyazh .
The cathedral of the icons of the Mother of God of all the grieving joy in the John-Forerovsk monastery in Sviyazhsk.
Konstantin and Elena Church, Sviyazhsk.
The pearl of the island is the Trinity Church (1551) - the first Orthodox church on the Volga and the only construction that survived from the time of Ivan the Terrible. It was built from huge logs of larch without a single nail in just one day.
Of course, the church was completed. In the XIX century, the tent completion was replaced with an eight-screen roof, the porch was attached, and the log walls were embroidered and painted ... Looks like a temple then blunt and inconspicuous.
Trinity Church until 2009.
But in 2009, he decided to return the historical appearance: they removed the paint, attached a wooden terrace. They left only a shade (apparently, to protect the ancient logs from rain and snow). Now not only inside, but also outside the Trinity Temple exudes the atmosphere of the Ivan IV era. By the way, the entrance has a bench that the Terrible Sovereign was sitting in the legend.
Trinity Church now.
What to do in Sviyazhsk?
As in other historical places, the main "entertainment" in Sviyazsk is an inspection of architectural attractions. This can be done both independently and using the services of professional guides.
The latter organize various excursion programs, including interactive (with historical performances and theatrical performances).
So, many similar activities are conducted by the State Historical and Architectural and Art Museum "Grad Sviyazhsk" (program for 2015, you can learn on their official website).
In 2012, after the reconstruction, an equestrian courtyard was opened, the construction of which dates from the XVI century. In Tsarist Russia, he served as a subdomatic courtyard for visitors, and in Soviet times - Hozblok. Now the horse yard is an ethnographic center, where you can plunge into the atmosphere of antiquity.
Horse yard.
It was organized on its territory a handicraft settlement, where you can watch how the horseshoe whip are made, clay pots make and fly fishing baskets.
Handicraft Sloboda.
By the way, fisheries is one of the main classes of local residents to this day (even on the coat of arms of the city - Fish). It is understandable: there is no industry, there is little place for agriculture, but the water is abused.
Sviyazhsk is standing in place where the Sviyaga River flows into the Volga; Navigation starts in April and ends in October. Almost all local residents have boats - in the summer, the Volga shores are literally sleeping in fisher lovers.
"Fight" on the church and bream come even from other regions. Men joke: "Sviyazhsk - perfect place For fishing with his wife. She is to the city on the excursion, and you are calmly waiting for Claw. "
How to get to Sviyazhsk?
It was possible to get to Sviyazh to get to Sviyazhsk only on water. But in 2008, they built a dam with an asphalt road, which connected the island with "Big Earth". Now you can get to the village, both river and land transport.
Shippers from the pier of Sviyazhsk.
On water
In the summer, a passenger motor ship runs daily on the route Kazan river Station - Sviyazhsk .
Departure Time: 8:20
Arrival Time: 10:30
Ticket price: 100 rubles. (Tickets are sold per hour before sailing, prices 2014)In the evening at 16:30, the ship goes back, Kazan arrives at 18:45.
Additional excursion tours are also performed on weekends.
In addition, you can get to Sviyazhsk on motor boat either a boat from nearby Vasilyevo or Intraved Sloboda.
On the ground
Sviyazhsk is located 30 km from Kazan - 40 minutes on a personal car. You can find a travel chart on the Internet or use the navigator. But in the village by car you can not drive - for cars there is a parking at the bottom.
Parking.
By rail
From Central railway Station Kazan regularly walk electric trains to the railway station Sviyazhsk, which is 14 km from the island, in the village of Lower Viagon. From there to the island-hail you can get on the fellow or taxi.
Why is it worth seeing Sviyazhsk?
Sviyazhsk - a small island embracing the magnificent waves of the Great Russian River. In 1833, Sviyazhsk visited Pushkin. Since then, there is a legend that it was the poet, describing the island of Buyan in the "Tale of Tsar Saltan". Of course, this is just a legend (about the princess, Alexander Sergeevich wrote in 1831), but it's easy to believe in it, because Sviyazisk is really fabulous beauty Island. There I want to wander between the churches and the dilapidated houses, admire nature, stand on the shore and think about the past and the future.
Island-hail Sviyazhsk.
Sviyazhsk - a tiny village, where most of the inhabitants are old people, but his stories can envy many world cities. For more than 15 years, this place claims to be included in the list. World Heritage UNESCO. Federal I. local authorities Do everything so that Sviyazhsk is the "world heritage". But many of those who visited this city (not tourists, but simple connoisseurs of history), note that restoration work is sometimes rude, without compliance with historical reliability and respect for Russian culture (if only it was like something old). That's why Sviyazhsk must see! ... While he did not become a typical tourist ethnopark.
And finally: if you want to penetrate the silence and historical greatness of the island-hail, go to Sviyazh in the fall or in winter.
Sviyazhka.
Until recently, you could only get to the Sviyazisk on the river. Between Kazan and Island throughout the navigation daily runs by a passenger motor ship; On weekends, additional excursion flights are performed.
Information for those who want to visit Island-hail Sviyazisk on water transport from Kazan
Tickets can be purchased at the River Station Cass,opening hours from 6:00 to 22:00,
tickets are sold per hour before sailing.
Departure from the Kazan river port, time on the way 2 hours.
| Of Kazan before Sviyazhsk | 8:45 | 9:20 | 9:30 | 9:55 | 10:10 | 10:20 | 10:45 | 10:55 | From May 1st on August 31 daily |
| Of Kazan before Sviyazhsk | 18:00 | 18:35 | 18:45 | 19:10 | 19:25 | 19:35 | 20:00 | 20:10 | From April 29. on September 18 spots, sub., wax. |
| TO BUT Z. BUT N. B | IN E. R H. W. | P E. C. AND Sh AND | N. M. | P. M. | D. BUT C. N. BUT I | R W. D. N. AND TO | FROM IN AND I J. FROM TO | Stopping points |
|
| Of Sviyazhsk before Kazan | 8:15 | 7:35 | 7:20 | 7:00 | 6:45 | 6:30 | 6:15 | 6:00 | From April 30. on September 19 sub., wax., Poned. |
| Of Sviyazhsk before Kazan | 18:45 | 18:05 | 17:50 | 17:30 | 17:15 | 17:00 | 16:45 | 16:30 | From May 1st on August 31 daily |
You can also get to Sviyazhsk in other ways:
- from Vasilyevo village on water transport;
- from the introduction of Sloboda by boat by agreement with local residents;
- from the railway station Sviyazisk (Kakan - Kanash), which is on the mainland, in passing light car By the lamb with asphalt road;
- in winter on ice;
- alone by car.
To get to Sviyazhsk by car
Sviyazisk is located 30 kilometers from Kazan.
In order to independently get to Sviyazhsk, you need:
- drive a bridge over the Volga on federal highway M7 towards Moscow
- drive the ski resort
- move the bridge over the Sviyaga River,
- after 300 meters, the ethnographic complex with a wooden mill is under construction,
- turn on the Sviyazhsk to the sign near the village of Isakovo,
- drive a couple more kilometers
- again in the pointer to roll on the Sviyazhsk.
Hotel "Sviyaga"
The cozy and very clean hotel "Sviyaga" is located in a merchant house of the XIX century. Earlier in this building was a allest, during the years of Soviet power - a boarding school for blind children. Each of the seven hotel numbers has the name of the fish: "Sterlet", "Carp", "Bream", etc.Photo of Irina Pavlova
Each room is a TV. On the first floor - cafe.
In Sviyazh, there are two stores and two summer cafes where the kebab is prepared.
The plans are the construction of another hotel (already on 30 places), which they want to place in the hall of the lowest craft school and fire worm (the end of the XIX - the beginning of the XX centuries).
Rules for visiting concerts in the Cathedral
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Independent training flights
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