Monuments Zhanna d'Ark in Paris are a few, the most famous of them is installed on a small Pyramid Square, which is on Rivoli. The area, located opposite the entrance to the Tuilery Garden, is named so in memory of Napoleon's expedition to Egypt. On the eve of the Franco-Prussian War of 1871, the Republican Government ordered the sculptor Emmanuel Form of the equestrian statue of Jeanne d'Ark to establish it here. The monument was ready for 1874 and came as it was impossible to more by the time - after defeating in the war in the country, the patriotic rise began, every city wanted to have a monument to the Orrugan Virgin.
With an equestrian statue, at first, the casus happened: the sculptor did not take into account the laws of optics, according to which the rider figure stands downstairs seems less than in fact. The figure of the warrior had to enlarge so that it corresponds to the size of the horse.
The place to install the monument was not chosen by chance: not far from here Zhanna was injured during the unsuccessful siege of Paris. The city has two more equestrian statues of Zhanna - in front of the Church of Saint-Augusten and on Saint-Jacques Tower, as well as a hiking monument at the Virgin Museum. In addition, the sculptural image of the saint is almost in every Catholic Cathedral of the country. Monument on Pyramid Square - the most famous and at the same time possessing the smallest artistic advantages.
Jeanne is depicted in lats, with a stain in his hand, a rider shapes and a horse are covered with sparkling gilding. Today, the monument is the center of attraction for patriotic shares of various kinds.
Zhanna D'Ark, a simple peasant girl, during the century of war of the XIV-XV centuries saved France from English occupation. After a number of striking victories, he was captured to the Burgundians, who handed it to the British. Burned on the fire as a sordle. Subsequently rehabilitated and canonized - ranked with the Saints Catholic Church. National heroine of the French people. Every year on May 8, all France celebrates Jeanne d'Ark day. The name of the savory of the country is called a helicopter cruiser, as well as an asteroid.
For such conclusions there are a lot of reasons. Thus, the official execution date was arbitrarily established subsequently - apparently to end the inconvenience of discrepancies. It is now taken to consider that it happened 30 (or 31 - even there is a discrepancy) of May 1431. However, in the English chronicles it is said that the execution took place in February 1432. But with a month and number, there is also no clarity: some are called June 14 or July 6; There are other options.
It also suggests the fact that the texts of the Protocol of the Ruan Process, which are in England and in France are very different from each other, and the original protocol disappeared.
It is also widely known that in the morning before the execution of Zhanna confessed the bishop of Pierre Sosteau, who headed the court over her, and received his vacation of sins. Consequently, she was still not recognized by the sorcerer, all the more it was not subject to compassion - one of the Christian sacraments, when the prayers are read over seriously ill, dying or sentenced to death and make anointing of his body with a bare person.
All this can mean only one thing: she was not going to execute.
The conditions for the substitution of Jeanne during the execution were very favorable. The area around the future fire hooked about 800 English soldiers who pushed people away from the "scene". Another 120 soldiers led to the convicted of execution. They tightly surrounded the woman's head and her face were covered with a hood, so considering the appearance was absolutely impossible. The execution was accomplished, but even at that time few people believed that Jeanne d "Ark was burned.
In the archives of the Ruan Archbishland, protocols about the executions and reports on related expenses are stored - up to accounts for the supply of firewood for a fire and charges of payment services for the executioner and his assistant. However, in the documents for the 1430-1432 years, there is no mention of the execution of Zhanna, although the information about the burning of five witches appear. Therefore, it is likely that not Jeanne was executed then.
What happened in this case with a real Zhanna d "Ark, and who was it really?
There are good reason to believe that the Orleans Virgin Jeanne is the daughter of Louis, the duke of Orleansky, the governor and the cousin of the king of France Karl VI, and Isabella Bavarian, Karl VI wives and the "part-time" of the mistress of this Louis.
The fact is that Karl VI (on the nicknamed insane), asked for the throne of a twelve-year-old boy, rules only four years - from 1388 to 1392, when the young king struck the first attack of madness. Soon because of the progressive mental illness, he lost the feeling of reality and became a puppet in the hands of his environment - wives, Isabella Bavarian, and Cousin, Louis Orleans. If the above assumptions about the origin of the Orleans Virgin is true, then it turns out that Jeanne was a single sister of Catherine de Valua, the Queen of England, as well as Karl Vii, the King of France, whose crowning in Reims in 1429, as is known, Jeanne D "ARC has become vigorously promoted . Then it becomes clear why her execution was only staged.
Well, if Zhanna remained alive, it means there should be traces of her further life. And they are detected. For example, in the counting book of the city of Orleans for 1436, where the expenses of the city authorities were recorded, there is a record of the fee for the delivery of letters from the Virgin Zhanna from the city of Arlon in Luxembourg. There are other similar records where it seems to be executed Virgo.
However, the culmination of this story can be considered the appearance of Jeanne D. "Ark in the city of Orleans on July 28, 1439, that is, eight years after her official death. True, now she wore the name Zhanna D" Armuaz. It was documented that it was she who, Orleans, because in the city there lived a lot of people who knew Jeanne from the times of war and the siege of Orleans and even those who participated in the coronation of Karl VII.
Entries in the documents also show that the Mother Zhanna - Isabella Bavarian was also in the same days in the city. And they refer to a pension established by the authorities of the city for Isabella. One of the researchers believes that the King King himself arrived then in Orleans to welcome the virgin.
There are other evidence of "resurrection" Zhanna. The chronicles and recordings of various contemporaries are mentioned a few more cases of its appearance "in humans". Moreover, she never hid his name, although she shied away from the explanation of where previous years spent.
Perhaps its salvation is connected with the release of Paris from the British in April 1436, when the peace negotiations were already. It could be a mutual agreement, according to which the English garrison left Paris unhindered, and in the exchange of the British freed from the conclusion of Jeanne.
The epic of the Orrugan Virgin was over that she married some Robert D "Armuaza, Señora de Timmon, and lived with him until his death in 1449. In published in the XVIII century, the compilation" Documents on church and civil history Lorraine "placed chronicle of the monastery Saint-Tibo. There are pages telling about the "resurrection" Jeanne. The chronicle manuscript is considered genuine, and the fact that Jeanne D "Armuaz lived near the monastery, confirms the accuracy of the description. The author of the Chronicles (and it was Dean - the senior priest of the monastery) himself sincerely believed that she was genuine Zhanna D" Ark.
In the pedigree family of D "Armuaz, compiled in 1770 by Bername Sherne, Geroldmeister King Louis XV, said:" Robert D "Armuaz, who died without offspring. His wife is Zhanna, Virgin France.
Of course, in France at that time, admonished virgins have repeatedly appeared, so not all evidence can be considered evidence that Jeanne escaped death at the fire.
Simultaneously with the chronicle of the monastery Saint-Tibo, a copy of the marriage contract Zhanna d "Armuaz was published (the original was not found so far). It is believed that this publication may be fake, but how to interpret the fact of detection in 1968 by the tombstone with the coat of arms of the Virgin?
The number of questions is growing, and the final answer is not.
However, whatever this answer is, now we can say the following: Jeanne D "Ark was a man of a big natural mind, talent and huge courage. She managed to commit, it would seem impossible - to rally the French in the fight against the English invaders.
And she fulfilled her mission (1; 11, p. 72-76; 12, p. 581-583; 43, p. 195-196; 44, p. 160-161).
Yesterday was the day of memory Zhanna d "Ark. Below - monuments and pictures that met in various cities of France, from where I returned yesterday. I think it is logical to put them in this community, since it is hope that the story of Jeanne is actually interesting to many And in France, it is quite possible to visit a number of places associated with its name.
I was very happy to see that most of the monuments are modest. Of course, from the moment there was enough "sacred" images, but after acquaintance with her life, it is impossible to imagine any other monument, except very simple.
NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS
2. Rouen. Cathedral. Very simple altar.
4. In Ruang, it seems, love to make faience. The theme Zhanna D "Ark did not pass it and his, although it is depicted in some kind of cartoon form. In addition, of course, everything you can and that you can not try to call it with the name, though, it seems to me, it is easy to resist.
5. Wall of the Ruan Cathedral. It is also joined by the "Historial", a multimedia museum, but in it, they say mostly movies in French (translation available). Allegedly there is something on the Place du Vieux-Marche area, but it is incomprehensible where.
6. Place du Vieux-Marche - a place where Zhanna d "Ark. Now there is a church, a high memorial cross (without inscriptions) and this is a simple sculpture. There is a small flower garden on the place of execution.
7. The church had to resemble the languages \u200b\u200bof the flame, it has a peculiar form.
8. Inside the church Zhanna D "Ark
10. Notre Dame de Paris.
11. Orleans. Aside from the station there is the Church of Paroisse Saint Paterne, where a) absolutely no tourists and as a result, tourist tinsel and do not even come across boxes for alienation and b) their own statue of Zhanna D "Ark.
12. Next to her signs with gratitude.
13. Orleans - the city is very light. This is a woven on the pavement, which is used there instead of the painted road markings. I can not be sure of one hundred percent that it is also Jeanne, but a special choice of the style of the city (with Joan Street, ARK and everything-than-can be the name of Jeanne d "ARC) in general does not leave.
14. Statue on Martroi Square. (Denis Foyatier)
18. Modern reconstruction of the house, where Jeanne lived for some time during events in Orleans. Unfortunately, the multimedia, which is shown there, they say, is poor. This is generally such a misfortune: the stronger the image, the worse it is reproduced.
19. Church of the wonders of the Virgin Mary (modern building in the old place). There, Jeanne prayed after the removal of the siege of Orleans.
20. Iconography
21. Simple altar
22. Peculous frescoes
24. The Orleans Cathedral, of course, also did not bypass the theme of Zhanna. In general, it creates the impression that the whole city is one big monument.
26. One of the stained glass windows of the Cathedral, where the biography of Zhanna D "Ark. Alas, postcards from the cathedral so-so and do not really convey the whole effect.
27. Monument in the Cathedral of Orleans
28. Bas-reliefs of the lower part of the altar \\ Monument in the Cathedral of Orleans
30. Former mayor's office, Hotel Groslot. Statue of the XIX century, injured in the battles of 1944 for the liberation of Orleans.
33. In Groslot there is a "room Zhanna D" Ark ". On the wall there is a copy of the picture of Engra, for some reason in other armor.
36. Orrean Museum of Fine Arts. Jean Jacques Scherrer, 1887.
38. Of course, cafes, etc. Actively use the name.
39. In the parking lot, the old Gates of Orleans are located in the statue, through which it entered the city. No signs, no pointers, thanks to attentive people on the tritamibor.
40. Louvre.
41. Jeanne in Domremi, Orsa Museum.
Thanks for attention.
Yesterday was the day of memory Zhanna d "Ark. Below - monuments and pictures that met in various cities of France, from where I returned yesterday. I think it is logical to put them in this community, since it is hope that the story of Jeanne is actually interesting to many And in France, it is quite possible to visit a number of places associated with its name.
I was very happy to see that most of the monuments are modest. Of course, from the moment there was enough "sacred" images, but after acquaintance with her life, it is impossible to imagine any other monument, except very simple.
NOTRE-DAME DE PARIS
2. Rouen. Cathedral. Very simple altar.
4. In Ruang, it seems, love to make faience. The theme Zhanna D "Ark did not pass it and his, although it is depicted in some kind of cartoon form. In addition, of course, everything you can and that you can not try to call it with the name, though, it seems to me, it is easy to resist.
5. Wall of the Ruan Cathedral. It is also joined by the "Historial", a multimedia museum, but in it, they say mostly movies in French (translation available). Allegedly there is something on the Place du Vieux-Marche area, but it is incomprehensible where.
6. Place du Vieux-Marche - a place where Zhanna d "Ark. Now there is a church, a high memorial cross (without inscriptions) and this is a simple sculpture. There is a small flower garden on the place of execution.
7. The church had to resemble the languages \u200b\u200bof the flame, it has a peculiar form.
8. Inside the church Zhanna D "Ark
10. Notre Dame de Paris.
11. Orleans. Aside from the station there is the Church of Paroisse Saint Paterne, where a) absolutely no tourists and as a result, tourist tinsel and do not even come across boxes for alienation and b) their own statue of Zhanna D "Ark.
12. Next to her signs with gratitude.
13. Orleans - the city is very light. This is a woven on the pavement, which is used there instead of the painted road markings. I can not be sure of one hundred percent that it is also Jeanne, but a special choice of the style of the city (with Joan Street, ARK and everything-than-can be the name of Jeanne d "ARC) in general does not leave.
14. Statue on Martroi Square. (Denis Foyatier)
18. Modern reconstruction of the house, where Jeanne lived for some time during events in Orleans. Unfortunately, the multimedia, which is shown there, they say, is poor. This is generally such a misfortune: the stronger the image, the worse it is reproduced.
19. Church of the wonders of the Virgin Mary (modern building in the old place). There, Jeanne prayed after the removal of the siege of Orleans.
20. Iconography
21. Simple altar
22. Peculous frescoes
24. The Orleans Cathedral, of course, also did not bypass the theme of Zhanna. In general, it creates the impression that the whole city is one big monument.
26. One of the stained glass windows of the Cathedral, where the biography of Zhanna D "Ark. Alas, postcards from the cathedral so-so and do not really convey the whole effect.
27. Monument in the Cathedral of Orleans
28. Bas-reliefs of the lower part of the altar \\ Monument in the Cathedral of Orleans
30. Former mayor's office, Hotel Groslot. Statue of the XIX century, injured in the battles of 1944 for the liberation of Orleans.
33. In Groslot there is a "room Zhanna D" Ark ". On the wall there is a copy of the picture of Engra, for some reason in other armor.
36. Orrean Museum of Fine Arts. Jean Jacques Scherrer, 1887.
38. Of course, cafes, etc. Actively use the name.
39. In the parking lot, the old Gates of Orleans are located in the statue, through which it entered the city. No signs, no pointers, thanks to attentive people on the tritamibor.
40. Louvre.
41. Jeanne in Domremi, Orsa Museum.
Thanks for attention.
Every year, on the last week of May, young girls sleep with the colors in memory of their national heroine, the Orleansian Virgin - Jeanne d'Ark. The Norman city of Rouen is now for several centuries asking for forgiveness before the whole world for death, which occurred in 1431 in the square of the old market. It was there that the young patriot Zhanna d'Ark was burned alive. According to one of the legends, the flame that swept the Orleans, could not overcome the heart of the girl. In her holiness, the French believed long before the brave girl was canonized by the Catholic Church.
Today, Rouen is a kind of museum dedicated to Zhanna d'Ark. Square, streets, bridges and even cafes - these places carefully keep the memory of the national heroine. In Ruang to be and famous towerin which he expected his death hour captured Jeanne. A bold girl, thanks to which the siege of Orleans was removed, whose help the French army believed in his forces, was accused of first in the heresy, and later - in witchcraft. In the heart of the Old Market Square and the Great French Heroine was executed - this place is marked with a cross laid out of their five stones.
Panoramic walk through the streets near the church Zhanna D`ark
The name Zhanna d'Ark wears the church, built on the place of execution. It was erected in 1979 on the ruins of the Church of St. Vincent, which was destroyed after the events of the Second World War. Louis Arrech worked on the project.
Every tourist who turns out next to majestic building, covers the sea of \u200b\u200bemotions from what he saw. Nobody can not say, watching the asymmetric forms of the church, to which it looks like. Many Church Jeanne d'Ark reminds an inverted ship - this is the most common version. From the height of a bird's-eye, someone sees a huge slide in this building, and a long tail is particularly visible. The structure, symbolizing courage, valor and patriotism, does not cease to amaze and admire.
The Church of Jeanne d'Ark is a large architectural complex, which includes the building of the cult and market, in honor of which the Square itself is named. The first thing that the gaze falls when they are at the place of worship of the foggy of the French Earth, is a huge dome, which resembles a bonfire, on which the Great Martyrs burned in the heat of hatred. Special, this building makes his coverage similar to the scales - so it looks like a huge crocodile with a long tail.
Why many church Jeanne d'Ark reminds an inverted ship? Going inside, you will be surprised. Look at the ceiling of the church - he is actually similar to the deck of the ship, which is supported by huge, massive columns. Sea theme complements images of fish on the wall. According to one of the most common hypotheses in France, the church in the form of a ship was erected to remind the importance of the sea and the Seine River.
Church of Zhanna D`ark on the map
The decoration of the church Zhanna d'Ark is considered to be a stained glass wall, assembled from the residues of the stained glass of the predecessor's church, which was bombed during the war. Overflowing in night lighting, this magnificent composition tells the story of Jesus Christ. The church is always ready to open a significant pages of history, open the curtains of secrets to everyone.
Inside the building is the sculpture of Jeanne itself, d'Ark. It always glows from hundreds of candles, which are not indifferent in parishioners here, thanks to the great Frenchman for courage and courage.
From the moment of execution, Zhanna d'Ark passed more than 6 and a century. Many in the world has changed since that time. Lost in the distant past, heretics, and the witchcraft does not punish with death. The Orleansian maiden is proudly and, at the same time, peacefully contemplates the life of Rouen, silently answers the questions of tourists and once again says to the whole world: the honor and validity of the statute of limitations ...
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