All Mountains of Caucasian Mineral Waters. Resorts of Russia: Caucasian Mineral Waters

22.06.2021

Mineral Caucasian waters are one of the most frequently visited places in Russia. They include several cities of the North Caucasus. Unusual nature, clean air allows each guest to plunge into the unusual world of this region. Many come here for recovery and just a pleasant time to spend their holidays or leave. It is glorified here thanks to its stocks of Ilova dirt. In 1992, it was decided to assign a special status to this resort - a protected ecological resort region of Russia. Mineral Caucasian waters first appeared in the notes of the Schever. It happened in the distant XVII century. The Schuber himself was a doctor that he was considered the discoverer of this therapeutic area. Despite the fact that the resort includes several cities, its area is about 6 thousand square meters. km. If you take the most extreme point (Kislovodsk), then between them the distance is only 57 km. Thanks to the dense location, you can see and visit all mysterious places of this resort. From any place of the region there is the highest point of Europe - Mount Elbrus. Moreover, this vertex is a sleeping volcano. Who knows when he can wake up. A lot of mysterious places here, for which you should pay your attention.

Caucasian mineral waters consist of cities: Essentuki, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk. The relief here is predominantly mountain, so it is precisely for this resort. Many extremals are striving not only from Russia, but also from around the world. This place has more than 90 about 120 sanatoriums and boarding houses that work not only in summer, but also in the winter. Here is very soft winter without harsh frost, and in the summer of each vacationer pleases the sun and dry weather. Therapeutic properties of water were found long ago, but the exact time is not known to anyone. Once in this edge, you can hear a lot of stories and legends from the Old-timers of the Area. Here are very hospitable tenants who are always happy to meet new guests. Caucasian mineral waters annually take over a million guests who come with different goals. The location of the resort is between the Black and Caspian Sea on the slopes of the Caucasian Range, in the northern part.

Sanatoriums of Caucasian Mineral Waters

Mineral Caucasian water includes a wide variety of sanatoriums, among which you can choose the most suitable for services and prices. Many Sanatoriums of Caucasian Mineral Waters were erected by certain enterprises that annually send their employees to a well-deserved rest. But there are special tours. They are acquired in various travel companies. The tour may include accommodation, procedures, meals, etc. All resorts of Caucasian Mineral Waters are configured to improve. One of the most popular is the city of Zheleznovodsk. It is here that therapeutic boarding houses are located, which are famous for their drinking waters and unique healing procedures. All sanatoriums meet the necessary standards, so you can not worry about the quality of accommodation. Each such institution is trying to be unique and different from others. It is connected with competition. But such a factor only plays his hand to every tourist. Before choosing a sanatorium, you need to see several options to compare all institutions. This will help make the right choice.

Attractions of Caucasian Mineral Waters

Everyone who fell into these places should be rejected by such a chance, because there are many unique places that need to be visited. Attractions of Caucasian Mineral Waters are distinguished by their individual history. Each place has its own legend and the history of occurrence. One of them is the Cathedral of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. This construction was built in the 90s of the outgoing century. It should be noted that the construction process was carried out in a very short time. As the basis of the temple, the plane cross was chosen. It serves as a symbol of rescue people. As for the interior decoration, it was carried out by the best masters who painted the Moscow Church of Christ the Savior. There is another church, older - Holy Nicolskaya. She was erected after the end of the Second World War. Inside the church you can see the ancient icon of the "Spear-Silver". She was written by monks who lived on Mount Athos. It is also necessary to pay attention to the Mineralovo Museum of Museum. It contains exhibits that cover a long time period. In addition, there are the Museum of Aviation Technology and the Museum of the writer A.P. Bibikova. Many tourists visit the magmatic in the people. It is called Zhind Tau (translated into the Turkic language). Well, it is worth visiting the building of the mud. It was built at the end of the 19th century at the railway station. The interior of the room resembles the ancient Roman term. Nearby is a real steam locomotive, which stands since 1985. The monument was set in honor of the 50th anniversary of the Stakhanov movement.

Kislovodsk - City Resort

Many doctors advise rest and treatment in various resort places. One of these are Caucasian mineral waters. Kislovodsk is a city that is part of this region. It is in the southern part. Located a city at the high mountains, which explains such clean air. It should be noted that the settlement is simply drowning in the greenery, which is especially nice on sunny days. In the past, the uniqueness of the climate, the hebness of the water was recognized as the name "Nart SanE". In addition, you can just walk through the streets and parks of the city. They are planted with coniferous trees, and also have unique paths and sidewalks, according to which to go is one pleasure. Kislovodsk is very popular on tourist attendance. It comes here not only to health, but also enjoy the beautiful view and just have a good time. If you look at the sanatorium, then they are built for a variety of tourists. Here are both double economy rooms and whole three-level apartments designed for people with high sufficiency. They are located pools, jacuzzi, saunas, etc. With great success in Kislovodsk sanatoriums, many diseases are treated, even heavy forms of asthma are cured.

Before the trip you need to get acquainted with the photo. Caucasian mineral waters, like any other place unfamiliar to you, have their own laws and orders. One of the main rules of this region is that the separation of alcoholic beverages and smoking in public places is completely prohibited. In addition, it is necessary to follow the garbage left after itself. It is impossible to scatter, there are places allocated for him. For all these violations there can be a fairly large fine, so you do not need to spoil your vacation, but you should respect others. Due to the fact that many tourists want to visit all cities in the region, they use electric trains. They are the most convenient type of transport for movement in the resort area. As for public transport, there is very popular taxi. It is these cars that can be understood to the nearest settlements, and will also help tourists to navigate in place.

If summer is selected for recreation, it should be noted that during the daytime the air temperature rarely falls below +30. Therefore, it is recommended to abandon the city's excursions in the midst of the day. The resort has a large number of private residential real estate. The hosts are actively offered to rent their accommodation to everyone. For those who prefer such a holiday, it is very convenient.

Internet to help tourists

Almost everyone who here visited, recommend Caucasian mineral waters. Reviews are only a positive assessment. In order to familiarize himself with the views of other vacationers about this place, you need to seek help from experts or at least familiar. If you wish, you can find all the information you are interested in. In addition, you can communicate with real vacationers and learn about the quality of service in a particular institution. This is important if you want only pleasant impressions of the trip. It is also recommended to familiarize yourself with the price policy of the resort in detail to calculate the budget of your holiday. In specialized forums, you can get acquainted with new people, by the way, have repeatedly been cases when such communication led to a joint recreation. Often, this way can be significantly saved by your finances.

Kitchen resort

As everyone knows, the Caucasian Mineral Waters region is located in the mountains of the same name, so there is a large accumulation of persons of the relevant nationality, there are traditions of their traditions, and, of course, national cuisine. It is an integral part of the resort. In the cities of the region you can see a large number of restaurants with this kitchen. It is based on the best traditions and customs. The menu has dishes from Georgia, Armenia, Azerbaijan and other East Srank. In addition to delicious food, you can enjoy traditional music in a living performance, see unique oriental dances. The schedule of work in such institutions is completely different, someone works around the clock, and someone - in the morning and until late evening. Each restaurant pays special attention to service. Here every guest is very friendly.

Residential Real Estate Caucasian Mineral Waters

In order to have fun and with benefit to spend your time, you need to go to Caucasian Mineralnye Waters. Rest here will be held at the highest level. Resorts include a wide variety of hotels, private boarding houses and other real estate, which is leased to tourists. They all vary at prices and quality. Therefore, before the trip, it is recommended to choose the most appropriate option to immediately arrive at the place, and not spend your time in search. If the tour is purchased, then the hotel is already included in it. The cost of the tour depends on the class of the hotel, but, in addition, the price may affect the number of services that are included in it. This is a good place for family holidays, here all the conditions for staying with children have been created.

Capital Pyatigorsk

Caucasian Mineral Waters are similar to each other. The main settlements are Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Essentuki and Kislovodsk. Pyatigorsk is the capital of this region. It is located at the foot of Masheuk Mount. It is 680 m. It is unique in that this is the only place in the CIS countries, where there is Natural Radon and the mud of the lake Tambukan. According to some properties, they exceed even the dirt of the Dead Sea. On the slopes of Mount Mashuk spread a vintage forest, which includes mainly broad-sized trees. If you walk through the forest, you can see tracks, gazebos, small fountains that are happy with fresh water. Pyatigorsk has a good therapeutic base, composed of favorable factors of geographical location. Take, for example, a radon hospital. She is the largest in Europe. Here it is possible to take 15 names of procedures that are aimed at treating various diseases, including diseases of the spine. In Pyatigorsk, the ailments of the digestive, nervous system can be cured, infertility, gynecological diseases, etc.

Unusual Zheleznovodsk

Near Pyatigorsk is located Zheleznovodsk. It is the smallest among other cities of the resort. He received his name due to the fact that the foot of the Mountain is iron. Its height above sea level is 650 meters. The whole city and its outskirts are covered with rich forests, which include oaks, rashes and beech. In addition, you can observe a large number of other greenery. Sanatoriums can be seen among this luxury. If you look at the southern side of the mountain, here you can see beautiful rates with a pier for catamarans, boats and boats, as well as a magnificent beach with a small restaurant. In Zheleznovodsk it is interesting that all forest parks of natural origin. It is connected with the entry of the city to the Beshtaugorsky forest array. If you walk through the forest, you can see the Zaitsev, Fox, Kosul, deer and other animals. Some holidaymakers compare the climate of the region with Swiss. The air is also saturated with ions, surprisingly clean, has a small humidity, there are no big winds. There are 15 sanatoriums without taking into account boarding houses. In the park you can detect drinking sources of mineral waters: Smirnovskaya, Slavyanovskaya and Vladimirovskaya. This settlement is widely used mud, ternsurkur and climatic treatment. In Zheleznovodsk, the system of digestive organs, diseases of the urinary organs, blood circulation, diseases of the gynecological nature, prostatitis, diseases of the bone-muscular system and others are treated.

Essentuki

Essentuki is the most quiet and peaceful city. In addition, it is considered the most popular resort and drinking source. The main feature of the city is that it contains as many as 27 sources of healing water. Essentuki is just 43 kilometers from the airport. Its height above sea level is 640 meters. It should be noted the mining steppe climate. Here spring is very short, because it quickly goes into a dry and warm summer. If you take the duration of the day, then Essentuki is in second place, the first occupies Kislovodsk. In the northern and southern parts there are two parks: Chief and Komsomolsky. All sanatoriums are located on the park area arc. The resort is a target source, so it is not recommended to drink water without a disease. All therapeutic sanatoriums work all year round. Also designed for children's healing, therefore children from 5 to 17 years can come to treatment. In this city will help to cope with diseases of the intestine, urogenital system, liver and all digestive organs. Mineral Caucasian waters are always happy to accept new visitors.

If you need to fix your health or just good and with benefit spend time, then you need to keep the way to Caucasian mineral waters. Sanatoriums whose feedback from previous visitors is only positive, ready to receive holidaymakers all-round.

Caucasian Mineral Waters

Coat of arms of the region

Map of region.

Caucasian Mineral Waters (Kavminvoda, KMB) - a group of resorts of federal significance in the Stavropol Territory; The specially protected ECOLOGO-resort region of the Russian Federation, having a coordinating administration. Direct state administration of this region is entrusted to the Administration of Caucasian Mineral Waters, the head of which is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation on the submission of the Governor of the Stavropol Territory.

There is a region in the south of the European part of Russia, almost at the same distance from the Black and Caspian seas, - within the junction of the mineralodes of the inclined plain and the northern slopes of the Big Caucasus.

Through the territory of the district there is an electrified railway Moscow - Rostov - Baku with a branch to Kislovodsk (and a branch for Zheleznovodsk), asphalt federal motorway Rostov - Baku. Mineral water airport connects the KMV region with direct airlines with all major centers of the Russian Federation, neighboring countries, and also fulfills flights to foreign countries.

Geography

in administrative-territorial

Region-agglomeration Caucasian mineral waters having an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 500 thousand hectares (5.3 thousand square meters), located on the territory of three constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the borders of the Mining and Sanitary Security County:

in the Stavropol Territory - Cities and Resorts Georgievsk, Mineralnye Vody (including the resort Kumagorsk and resort terrain Naguta), Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, as well as the actual areas of Georgievsky, Mineralovodsky and pre-saying, - 58% of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe region;
in Kabardino-Balkaria - the Solsky district, - 9% (therapeutic mud of the lake Tambukan, the Valley of Narzanov and the other);
in Karachay-Cherkessia - Malokarachayevsky and Prikubansky districts, - 33% of the territory (zone of formation of mineral sources).

The regional center of KMV with the place of stay of the coordinating administration is the city of Essentuki. Earlier, this status belonged to the city of Pyatigorsk, even earlier - Georgievsk.
At the same time, the regime of special nature management in neighboring territories is also carried out by state bodies of the republics.
The head of the Kavmintor administration in accordance with the Regulation is the first deputy chairman of the Government of the Stavropol Territory by office.

Physico-geographical characteristics (location)

The Caucasian Mineral Waters area occupies the southern part of the Stavropol Territory and is located on the northern slopes of the Chief Caucasus Range, just a couple of tens of km from Elbrus. The other here seems to earth, others - the sky. From afar, motionless white clouds are visible, which, when approached, turn out to be snowy vertices of the Caucasian Mountains. The southern borders of the district are the foothills of Elbrus, the valley of the Khasaut and Malki rivers; in the West - the upper shovels of the Eshkakon rivers and a depressing; The city of mineral waters are served by the Northern Border of the Area, followed by the steppe spaces of the Precaucasia.

According to hydromineral resources, the region includes:

in the south: carbon dioxide waters of the Upper and Nizhny Berezovsky in Berezovsky Gorge, Rodnika Beloveodsky and White in the upper reaches of the Alcono Gorge (Richushka Belovodskaya Beach), Malka Gorge - sources of TKHABZASHKHOPS (in the area of \u200b\u200bKamennevoyansky), source of Seraphim Sarovsky with healing spring water (on the northern slopes of Ginal ), Narzanov Valley, Cheget Lahransky, Lahran Narzans [Kichmalkinskoe Plateau, Mount Ullu-Lahran (1883 m)], Source (Khasautsky) in the area small. Bermamy (2644 m) and the village of Khasaut (in the south-west; in the Far South (adjacent to Elbrus) Source of Junghelli).
in the West: in the Kum Gorge - carbon dioxide water of the Kum deposit in the Red-East (village of Red East) and Suvorov Kupassy, \u200b\u200bsources in the upper rebuilding and kum river at the Gumbashi Pass, and Eastern Goodgor (2489 m) on the Eskakon River (Nizhny Ecakonsky and Upper Ecskonsky; tract Kant-Tukele?); On the watershed - sources in the village of Sellinsky Michurinsky and Coldrodnikovskoye (at the village of Happy), and on the northern slopes of the pasture ridge in the coal beam (above the leshozes, the coal cottage and the Bekzevskaya Dacha - in Karachay-Cherkessia).
in the north: at the Kumagorksk resort, nuclear sources in the balneological nuclear resort area (springs in the village of Nagochsky, Soluno-Dmitrievsky (Art. Naguvskaya - Plant for bottling min. waters of one of the largest in the edge of the naked field (250 million bottles per year, 80- e)), here are the mineral springs of a camel).
in the East: Lyssogorsk Sources (Bald Mountain, including Batalinsky), as well as St. George Bathing.

History

KMV is one of the oldest resort regions in Russia. The first written information on its mineral springs is found at the doctor of the city of Schever (1717), which was sent by Peter I for the mineral examination clauses North Caucasus. The first detailed descriptions are made by I. A. Guldenztedt (1773), and then P. S. Pallas (1793). After studying the hot spring in Pyatigorsk (1801) and the conclusions of the Special Commission on the possibility of using Minvod with therapeutic target (1802) by Decree of Alexander I dated April 24, 1803, the provision on the Kavminvodes was approved when historical rescript was signed on the recognition of the state importance of Caucasian Mineral Waters And the need for their device, "and their official existence of as a resort area began.
The first information about the Tambukan lake was also reported by I. A. Guldenztedt (1770s), however, the use of its healing dirt began significantly later (from 1886 in Pyatigorsk and Essentuki, then in Zheleznovodsk). Initially KMV attracted a limited number of patients, mainly from the military and nobility. Resort development plans did not exist; The management of the KMV was usually imposed on the military administration. Only a few of the administrators showed interest in Kavminvodam.

The history of the development of this unique resort region of the Russian Federation was characterized by takeoffs and drops, with the transition from public administration to a private counterparty. Long distances from the central cities of the Russian Empire, when those who wish to get on hot, iron and acidic waters were forced to make the most real journey on horseback crews duration of one and a half or two months, military operations in the Caucasus, the uncomfortableness of the sources and resorts themselves - all this created certain difficulties in Development of Caucasian Mineral Waters. According to the memories of contemporaries, at the beginning of the XIX century, guests on hot waters lived in Kalmyk kibits, specially directed here for the summer holiday season. Mobilical work on the arrangement of Kavminvant of outstanding Russian patriots (in alphabetical order):

Johann K. and Joseph K. Bernardazzi
G. A. Emanuel
A. P. Nelyubin
M. V. Sergeev
N. N. Slavyanova
S. A. Smirnova
V. V. Khvaschinsky

and many others allowed step by step to turn them into a well-known balneological resort of Russia. In Soviet times, Caucasian mineral waters have become a popular forge of health of the population of the Soviet Union. In 1990, about 1 million people were resting at the All-Union Resort [Kavmingroup] from all over the country and from abroad.

But at the same time a rapid rate went to the growth of the local population (see below - agglomeration). All of this began to create a large anthropogenic load on the environment of KMV (see Pyatigorsk). Some mineral deficit began to be felt. The excessive development of the industry in the resort cities that are not related to therapeutic and wellness (sanatorium-resort) targets, the use of pesticides and synthetic fertilizers in agriculture also represented a real threat to contamination of the hydromineral wealth of a unique resort. It could not be disturbed by representatives of the resortology, the leadership of the Stavropol Territory, the Russian government.
That is why the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. N. Yeltsin was signed on March 27, 1992, according to which Kavminvoda is a specially protected Ecological resort region of the Russian Federation. In it, the goals of the region's creation were directly identified - the preservation of the natural wealth of the KMV resorts is a world-famous locality with unique health and medical factors, unique historical and cultural appearance.

Mountains Kavmintorv

Above all resorts is located Kislovodsk (817-1063 m), the remaining resorts are approximately at one height: Essentuki - by the flow of p. Cake (600-640 m), Pyatigorsk - at the foot of the city of Mashuk (510-630 m), Zheleznovodsk - in the valley between Beshtau and Iron, on the lowering slopes (600-650 m). Vegetation is represented mainly by arrays of dubovo-human forests alternating with meadow steppes; In the foothills, steppe and forest-steppe vegetation, which in the mountains (at an altitude of 800-1100 m) is replaced by broad forest forests (beech, oak, hrybro).

The relief of the Caucasian Mineral Waters begins at the foot of Elbrus, where the rocky ridge with a number of vertices is clearly distinguished. In the western and southern part of KMV Mount Cool, in places with sheer ledges are broken down to the south (the depth of these cliffs reaches 1000 m), and the northern long slopes slightly (hollow) are tilted and merged with the foothill plain. These are the ridges pasture and rocky. River valleys they are divided into a number of mountain arrays. The pasture ridge within Kavminvant is cut into two parts: Western (Ridge Borgustan, Daryinskie Heights of the Borgastane Range) rises at 1200-1300 m, and the eastern (Ginal Range) has an absolute mark of the top of the upper ginala 1542 m. Rocks on the spurs of the ridges are decorated with niches, openwork arches, carved columns from sandstone. South of the pasture stretched a rocky ridge with tops big and Small Bermamat (2592 and 2644 m (the highest point of KMV), 30 km to Elbrus; Early in the morning on Bermamate, it is sometimes possible to observe the so-called Brockken Ghost). Bermamat Plateau, as well as Zhammaz Ridge (Shijatmaz (Shatzharatmaz) 2127 m, Astronomical Station Gao RAS (2072 m), scientific base of the Institute of Physics atmosphere of Russia) and Kichmalkinskoe plateau (Mnglaya 2055 m), below between which in the picturesque valley of the Khasaut River at an altitude of 1300 m above sea level is the Narzanov Valley - about 20 mineral springs (34 km south of Kislovodsk, in the southern foothills of the Rocky Range of the Grand Caucasus), - Talked in the direction of Kislovodsk and rest in the steep leisure of the pasture ridge. South of the rocky ridge towards Elbrus, extensive Plateau of the Bember stretches (with the Mountain of the Behazyn 2364 m). In absolute altitudes, the KMV territory refers to the middleings, the maximum amplitude of heights is 2464 m (and taking into account Elbrus - 5462 m, II, after Kabardino-Balkaria).
The dissected relief that creates a wide variety of landscapes is explained by a long development and complex geological structure of the territory.

Geology

The Kavminvant region is located within the closure of the Stavropol Hills (Pre-Bureau) and the Northern Slops and the North Caucasus Forn. This is the center of the Caucasus, where the long-term geological history, along with folded and vertical movements, occurred horizontal movements. Its territory from all sides is bold with huge deep faults. The origin of the laccolites is associated with faults. These mountains were formed by a gradual lift or tectonic extrusion through the thickness of sedimental sediments of a viscous, cooled lava. Volcanic bodies are cooled even in our time. Based on the north of the reservoir plains in the very bottom, Paleozoic crumpled in the folds and penetrated by the cores of the acids of the rocks of the breed: quartz-chlorite slates, quartzites, granites. The most ancient region of the district can be seen in the Valley of the Alconiovka River south of Kislovodsk, 4-5 km above the castle, one of the local attractions. Here we come to the surface of pink and red granites, which is determined in 220-230 million years. In the mesozoic time, the granites that were destroyed on the surface were destroyed and formed a powerful (up to 50 m) layer of weathering cortex, consisting of quartz crystals, field spat, mica. There are strokes - "Stones with a secret." The splits are such a stone, it is possible to detect inside white calcite crystals, sowing of gray opal and translucent chalcedone. The sedimentary deposits of Jurassic and chalk seas having a capacity of more than 1000 m can be examined on the southern slopes of the Borgastuan and Ginal Ranges. Here they come to the surface of brownish gray and yellowish limestone, dolomites, red glands. These are famous red and gray stones (see Park). On the mountain of hot in Pyatigorsk, you can see the diverse form of the deposition of travertine - a stone that arose during the evaporation of mineral water. In the travertine are visible petrified leaves, twigs. The karst is developed here, which is also found on the rocky and pasture ridges. With the peculiarities of the geological structure of the roller, the amazing phenomenon of the "summer marzlot", explained by the seasonal circulation of air in the cracks of the mountains.

With all the diversity of the composition of the waters and the nature of deposits, Mineral Sources of KMV are closely connected with the generality of the geological conditions of education and the general history of development on their basis of the group of famous, the oldest resorts in Russia.
The presence of mineral springs is associated with a complex of sedimentary formations of the Meso -Cinezoic age, hollow-inverted with Yu on C from the Greater Caucasus to the Stavropol Hills. From the point of view of the ability of the accumulation and movement of groundwater, immersed to the north of the Meso-Cenozoic breed form a large artesian slope, the main nutrition area of \u200b\u200bwhich coincides with the exit area of \u200b\u200bthe oldest metamorphic rocks. Of the several aquifers are most abundant: the Titon aquifer complex, a flow rate of 0.1-10 l / s, the depth of occurrence from 260 m (rr Kislovodsk) to 1000 m (Essentuki); Valanzhinsky Complex, Retreat of St. 15 l / s, depth of 170 m (Kislovodsk) to 800 m (Essentuki); the pharmaceutical complex, a flow rate of 10 l / s, the greatest depth of up to 500 m (Essentuki); Upper apel complex, a flow rate up to 5 l / s, the depth of up to 300 m (the total flow rate of the most abundant is about 3-3.5 million liters per day). Of great importance in the hydrogeology of the area have faults and the introduction of magmatic rocks (intrusion), which form peculiar dome-shaped mountains-laccolite (Mashuk, Beshtau, iron, roller, snake, etc.). With the zones of tectonic disorders, as well as with the contacts of intrusion and sedimentary rocks, separate deposits of mineral waters (Berezovskoye, Kislovodskoye, Kumskoye, Essentukskoe, Pyatigorskoe, Zheleznovodskoye, Hague, Kumagorskoye, and others are connected, and a large number of outputs of various mineral sources. The resources of the groundwater of CMB (fresh and mineral) are formed mainly due to infiltration of atmospheric precipitation (in the mountains of the Big Caucasus). Part of the groundwater is enriched with gases (carbon dioxide) formed under high temperature conditions. The formation of composition of mineral waters proceeds with significant participation of the leaching processes of accommodating rocks, cationic metabolism and mixing; This last process has a particularly widespread development in the upper parts of the cut, where the deep high-ridden portions of water come from the foundation from the foundation. Thustering less mineralized flows and partially mixed with them, the ascending water here form the final chemical and temperature appearance of MINDVAN DISTRICT.

Climate

Along with the mineral waters, the KMV resort resources are a favorable climate of the central and southwestern parts of the region, used for climatotherapy.
The Kavminvod region climate has long been highly appreciated by the resortists and is successfully used as a therapeutic factor. The main advantages of the local climate are associated with a large number of sunny days - in Kislovodsk only 37-40 days a year can be without the sun. Here is relatively dry, the wet air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here - they are delayed by the main Caucasian ridge.

A variety of relief creates a difference in the climate of the KMV resorts, and is formed under the influence of a number of factors: the difference in the high-rise position of cities, the protection of the mountains determines the features of the microclimate. The prevention nature of the terrain and the proximity of the snow vertices of the Chief Caucasus Range on the one hand, and on the other hand, the neighborhood of arid steppes and semi-deserts of the Caspian coast determine the continental traits of the climate of this region. In terms of climatic conditions, the Kavmintor region can be divided into two zones: the South Kislovodsk district with the features of the continental climate of the lowland, and the North-Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk with typical features of the steppe zone. The most favorable, according to medical climatology, is the southern zone.

Region of the resorts Zheleznovodsk, Pyatigorsk, Essentuki - a climatic zone with plenty of heat and moderate precipitation. The average annual amount of precipitation within 600 mm is predominantly in the spring and early summer. Compared to the southern zone here, as a rule, above the average annual air temperature, relative humidity at 65-71%, the number of days with fogs and without the sun 85-92 (dense fogs are characteristic of winter), days with precipitation 120-160, and frosty Days about 90. Cloudy days with fogs and frost are in the autumn-winter period, which creates a contrast to Kislovodsky. In Pyatigorsk, the summer warm, winter is moderately soft (a third of winter days with rains, thaws, fogs). The climate of Zheleznovodsk corresponds to the mountain forest and moderately dry climate of the Middle Age Alps. The number of solar shine hours is relatively large here, but the greens and constantly blowing winds soften the heat. The Essentuki climate is distinguished by contrast - summer here is roast, dry, winter frosty, often rainy. Spring and autumn are clearly pronounced. Kislovodsk is famous for the climatic resort, where a clear dry weather prevails due to the closed conditions of the hollow; For example, winter in Kislovodsk is "frost and sun, a wonderful day," the sun shines 300 days a year.

The air temperature depends on the height of the place and season of the year. The average temperature of January in Pyatigorsk -4.0 ° C, in Kislovodsk -3.9 °. Temperature of July, respectively + 22 ° and + 19 °.
The amount of precipitation decreases from the mountains to the plains: on Bermamate - 724 mm, in Kislovodsk - 599 mm, in Pyatigorsk - 472 mm; Less than them in Essentuki. More than 85% of all precipitation falls in the form of rain (the rains prevail over the snowfall). Snow cover is low and unstable, the snow falls and quickly melts. In Kislovodsk, snow cover lies continuously on average up to 10 days. More than half of the winters take place at all without snow cover.
The greatest cloudiness on the plains is marked in winter; In the mountains (Kislovodsk, Bermamat, Valley Narzanov), on the contrary, the most clear winter months.

The KMV resorts are a wind regime favorable for climate treatment. Here are frequent in the winter, especially in the Kislovodskaya basin in winter (the average annual wind speed in Kislovodsk is 2.4 m / s). In the mountains, for example, on Bermamate, there are strong winds - more than 15 m / s.
The best time of the year for rest and traveling on Kavminvodas - Later Summer and Autumn. It is sunny, dry, rich in fruits and bright landscape paints.

Natural resources

Hydromineral, Balneological Resources

The basis of KMB resort resources is min. Waters of various composition, on the basis of which the so-called North Caucasian recreational-dealerious area originated.

In the composition and quality of their climate-balneological resources, concentrated on a relatively compact territory, on wealth and diversity of mineral springs, the resort region of Russia - Kavminvoda - do not have analogues on the entire Euro-Asian continent, and the world; For chemical wealth and diversity, quality and healing properties, sources of mineral waters are extremely varied and have no equal. The origin, the formation and properties of mineral waters are associated with Pyatigorshi laccoliths and high-mountain regions of the North Caucasus, where groundwater is formed. Atmospheric precipitates falling in the mountains, as well as melting water penetrate the thickness of rocks into greater depths, mineralized, heated, are saturated with gases and go to the surface on cracks in river valleys. By chemical composition and use for the treatment of water for the most part - low and medium-mineralized with salts from 2 to 15 g / l. The greatest mineralization of the Bataline and Lyssogorsk sources is 21 g / l.
In a small area (546.5 thousand hectares), unique hydromineral wealth are concentrated, an excellent bouquet of healing mineral waters with approved operational reserves of 15.6 thousand cubic meters per day. According to 2001, 2.2 thousand m³ per day is mined and used. At the same time, 1.5 thousand m 3 / day (68%) were left for drinking and balneological treatment, and 0.7 thousand m 3 / day (32%) - on the industrial bottling of therapeutic and medical and dining water.
Within the district of mining and sanitary protection there are 24 fields and a plot. Conditionally, several separate deposits can be distinguished: Kislovodskoye, Essentukskoe, Pyatigorskoye, Beshtaugorskoe, Inoshetsevskoye, Zheleznovodskoye, Zmeikinskoye, Lyothsogo, Red-East, Kumagorskoe, nuclear resort area, etc. From the general approved reserves in category A + B within the Stavropol Territory concentrated 13706 , 8 m³ per day, within the boundaries of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic - 1910.0 m³ per day (13.9%). In addition, promising reserves (by category C 1 + C 2 + P) are 7629.9 m 3 per day. Of the 5 hydrochemical provinces of underground mineral waters, 3 were characteristic of our region: the province of carbon dioxide (at the Mashukhorsk deposit in Pyatigorsk, for example., This is the 1st, 2nd and 4th Pyatigorsky types), radon waters (3rd type) , and nitrogen and nitrogen-metaneous waters (5th Pyatigorsky Type).
At the same time, the mining museum is called Pyatigorsk for the exceptional variety of mineral springs focused on a small area around Mashuk Mountain. These are famous hot hydrogen sulfide water, carbon dioxide (Pyatigorsk Narzans), radon waters, Essentuk's mineral waters (fourth Pyatigorsky type), nitrogen-methane water. The unique solo-alkaline waters of the Essentuk resort (Essentuki-4, Essentuki-17) are famous for the whole world. Dolomite, sulphate and simple Narzana Kislovodsk are widely known. You are invaluable to treat a large number of diseases of carbon dioxide sulfate-carbonate calcium-sodium (Smirnovskaya and Slavic waters), as well as bitter and salty waters of Bataline and Lyssogorsk sources. Almost the entire spectrum of human diseases can be treated in Caucasian mineral waters.

More than 50 enterprises and specialized workshops are engaged in industrial bottling of mineral waters in the specially protected ecological resort region. For 2001, 200642.6 thousand liters of mineral water were manufactured and implemented. Due to this, the healing properties of our waters know well in all regions of the country and abroad.

The unique wealth of Caucasian mineral waters are therapeutic rape and mud of Tambukanian [at the boundary of the edge and Kabardino-Balkaria] and Lyssogorsk mineral lakes. The Tambukan lake is powered in mainly rain and thawed waters, and since it is located in a arid steppe zone, it is subjected to cyclical changes in the water surface. The area of \u200b\u200bthe aqueous mirror is about 180 (230) ha, the depth of 1.5 to 3.1 m. The water of the lake is a ray of sulfate-chloride sodium-magnesium composition (mineralization 50-60 g / l). The overall operational reserves of the most valuable black and dark gray mud are 1600 thousand cubic meters. m. (Stocks of silo dirt (contains 0.4% hydrogen sulfide) in the lake are estimated at 2.3 million tons). Mud is used in Kavminvant resort institutions (most widely in Pyatigorsk and Essentuki; in Zheleznovodsk, equally extent rape and dirt of Lyssogorsk [Inrostevsky] lakes; in Kumagorsk, sulphide-baby dirt used for mud, mining from a small salt lake located on the territory Resort), as well as spa-resort institutions of Dolinsk (Nalchik), Sernovodsk and North Ossetia. Therapeutic dirt is also sent to the medical and recreational institutions of Moscow, Rostov, Volgograd, Sochi.
In addition, the dirt is obtained by therapeutic (so-called. Biostimulating) drug [type of fibs, peeloidin], which preserves its healing properties and can be used in extracurient conditions.

Caucasian Mineralovodsk Agglomeration

The core of the Caucasian mineral water is the Caucasian and Mineralovodskaya polycentrician urban agglomeration, uniting the cities of Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Mineral Waters. The Caucasian and Mineralovodskaya agglomeration has 946,000 (2010 census) (only in the territory of the Stavropol Territory, including the city (658000) and the rural population (288000) of the foothill, Georgievsky and Mineralovodsky districts), surpassing the size of Stavropol, is the largest in the Stavropol Territory and SPFO. The transport and economic center of the agglomeration is the city of mineral waters. The largest city of Agglomeration Pyatigorsk is the center formed in the 2010 North Caucasus Federal District.

The administrative center of the particularly protected ecological-resort region Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is in Essentuki.

Caucasian mineral waters are one of the most populous territories of the North Caucasus; The average population density exceeds 150 people per 1 km 2.

Features

Caucasian Mineralnye Vody is the largest and one of the oldest resort regions of the Russian Federation. Over 130 mineral springs and large stocks of Lake Lake Tambukan (and Lisogorsk Lake) make a CMB of a unique balneological resort. The KMV region is distinguished by picturesque natural landscapes, a mountain healing climate and is famous for its enterprises of the sanatorium-resort complex in Russia. Their main specialization is the provision of medical and wellness services, the treatment of world-famous waters and mineral mud. Also, land plots located on the territory of the KMV (within the borders of the Sanitary (Mining and Sanitary) Protection of the KMV resort) are the lands of specially protected natural territories. The fact of assigning land plots to the land of highly protected natural territories (lands of resorts) means the impossibility of providing him with the ownership of society due to the attribution of it to land plots limited in the turnover (subparagraph 1 of paragraph 5 of article 27 of the Land Code of the Russian Federation, paragraph 8 of Article 28 of the Law about privatization)

Notes

Literature

A. M. Prokhorov (ch. Ed.) Caucasian Mineral Waters //

According to some of the most worthy and great Russian writers, poets: "Who did not breathe the mountain Caucasian air - he did not live ..".

In this article we will tell about Caucasian mineral waters. The good this resort of the Caucasus and that unique in min. waters

Caucasus is not just a mountain, gorgeous nature, springs, sources, eagles over the gorges, viper on mountain roads between Rhododendron Rhodendron places, the Caucasus is a special spirit, a special culture, this does not meet anywhere else, harsh, wild, proud, very beautiful, In some places a virgin region.

Caucasian mineral waters are a group of resorts of federal significance in the Stavropol Territory, a particularly protected Ecological resort region of the Russian Federation.

South of the European part of Russia. The resort includes cities and territories:

"Region-agglomeration Caucasian mineral waters having an area of \u200b\u200bmore than 500 thousand hectares (5.3 thousand square meters), located on the territory of the three constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the borders of the Mining and Sanitary Security County:

in the Stavropol Territory - cities and resort cities Georgievsk, mineral waters (including the resort of Kumagorsk and Naguta resort), Pyatigorsk, Zheleznovodsk, Lermontov, Essentuki, Kislovodsk, as well as the actual areas of Georgievsky, Mineralovo and Pre-region, - 58% of the entire area of \u200b\u200bthe region;

in Kabardino-Balkaria - the Solsky district, - 9% (therapeutic mud of the lake Tambukan, the Valley of Narzanov and the other);

in Karachay-Cherkessia - Malokarachayevsky and the Skubansky districts, - 33% of the territory (zone of formation of mineral sources). "

The location of the resort, gently say, gorgeous:

"The Caucasian Mineral Waters area occupies the southern part of the Stavropol Territory and is located on the northern slopes of the Chief Caucasus Range, just a couple of tens of km from Elbrus. The other here seems to earth, others - the sky.

From afar, motionless white clouds are visible, which, when approached, turn out to be snowy vertices of the Caucasian Mountains. The southern borders of the district are the foothills of Elbrus, the valley of the Khasaut and Malki rivers; in the West - the upper shovels of the Eshkakon rivers and a depressing; The northern border of the district is the city of mineral waters, followed by the steppe spaces of the Precaucasia. "

Very near the Stavropol Territory, famous resorts of the Krasnodar Territory, Sochi:

"In the West and South-West, the Stavropol Territory borders the Krasnodar Territory, in the north-west with the Rostov region, in the north and northeast with Kalmykia, in the east with Dagestan, in the south-east with the Chechen Republic, in southern North Ossetia Alania, Karachay-Circassian and Kabardino-Balkarian republics. "

Caucasian Mineral Water Resorts in Video:

In Caucasian mineral waters, many sources of mineral waters, because the region is not easy to be called. The name of the most important city is Essentuki - is a few decades for a couple of decades.

And the driver really possesses therapeutic properties, unlike that products, which are clogged shopping shelves.

In addition, there are many springs in the region, waterfalls, salt, mud sources.

The resort has existed since the beginning of the 18th century, more precisely, the first mention of it is dated to this time. All forces were sent to the arrangement of the region, so in the 20th century the resort became the largest in Russia, and the most healing.

The most famous cities and resorts of Caucasian Mineral Waters:

Kumagorsk

Nazhby

Zheleznovodsk

Pyatigorsk

Essentuki

Kislovodsk

Kislovodsk The highest high resort, it is located at an altitude of 817-1063 m above sea level, the lowest mountain dot kislovodsk - 750 m above sea level, and the highest - 1409 m (on a large saddle in the Kislodsky Park).

"Kislovodsk is located in the south of the Stavropol Territory, almost on the border with Karachay-Cherkessia and Kabardino-Balkaria, 65 km from Elbrus Mountain.

The city is located in a small and cozy picturesque valley, surrounded by the slopes of the main Caucasus ridge and formed by the gorges of two merging rivers - Olkhovka and Berezovka, flowing into the river depress. The length of the valley from the south-east to the North-West is about 7 km. "

Almost always good weather here:"The climate of the Kavminvod region has long been highly appreciated by the resortologists and is successfully used as a therapeutic factor. The main advantages of the local climate are associated with a large number of sunny days - in Kislovodsk only 37-40 days a year can be without the sun.

Here is relatively dry, the wet air masses from the Black Sea do not reach here - they are delayed by the main Caucasian ridge. "

« By the number of sunny days, Kislovodsk is not inferior to the best resorts of the world.On average, for the year, the number of clear days in Kislovodsk is about 150, while in Pyatigorsk - 98, in Zheleznovodsk - 112, and in Essentuki - 117. The number of cloudy days is also small - an average of 61 days per year.

The air in Kislovodsk is always clean, mostly dry and invigorating. Kislovodsk stands out among other resorts Kavminvodvodvod, mostly quiet, without strong winds with weather and low humidity in winter, which fluctuates from 56 to 70%, which has a beneficial effect on the well-being of the resort workers. "

In January, there were 18 degrees of heat, minus temperatures reached 20 degrees, but much more often the temperature at this time of the year is here about zero or "light minus". The hottest months - July, August, temperature, depending on finding near or in the remoteness of mountains, snowy gorges, from 4-5 degrees Celsius to 37 degrees of heat.

All the resorts of Caucasian Mineral Waters are primarily therapeutic, but Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk - especially. After Sochi Kislovodsk the second city by the number of health resorts, sanatoriums.

A third of all therapeutic and preventive institutions of the region is here. In Kislovodsk there is a source of a famous acidic mineral water - Narzan.

Built on the site of the former fortress, the city is now replete with green plantings and fruit gardens, in numbers - a very small town: 130 thousand people.

Most Kislovodsk resistants have a healing profile on the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, nerve diseases and respiratory organs.

In addition to healthcare, mineral springs and other beauty of the city, one of the brightest attractions is a resort park, its area is 948 hectares, which is comparable to the huge city parks in Europe and the world.

"The park is located on both sides of the Olkhovka River and contains over 250 species of trees and shrubs, including cedar, fir, birch, pine, spruce, black walnut, Chinese Pavlonia, cork tree, etc. In the alpine part of the park on the Alpine meadows grow more 800 species of grassy plants.

The park contains nurseries of ornamental plants, greenhouses. Over 80 varieties of abundant blooming roses are planted at the "Rose Square" and in the "Rose Valley". In the park, proteins were acclimatized, trustingly taking food from the hands of people, various species of birds.

The monument of nature is the red stones, which go out in several places of the park and are sandstones, having a red-brown color and a variety of weathered forms. "

The park has a route for the Medical Walking - Terrekur. And in Kislovodsk itself several dozen major and popular sanatoriums.

Despite the fact that the resorts and cities are located close to each other - the atmosphere in them is quite different. So, in Zheleznovodsk, another air, a little different climate - compared to the rest of the Caucasian Mineral Waters resorts.

"Zheleznovodsk - The most dynamically developing resort Kavminvant. In 2003, he was awarded the title "The Best City of Russia" among small cities.

The climate here is mountain forest, similar to the medium Alps climate. Long-term meteorological observations made it possible to attribute it to mining and forest average alpine, moderately dry.

Air is saturated with oxygen and wood phytoncides. Moderately hot summer with cool nights, a large number of sunny days with weak refreshments, winter is not cold. "

Zheleznovodsk population is only about 25 thousand people, but despite the small number of residents - the city in truth is a pearl not only among the resorts of the Stavropol Territory, but also of all Russia.

Yes, there are few residents, and guests are more: so, the health resort (about two dozen sanatoriums) of Zheleznovodsk can take up to 80 thousand tourists. The direction of treatment is mainly - diseases of the digestive, kidney organs, metabolic disorders.

Over 20 sources of mineral waters and several mud.

Pyatigorskmore, so let's say, "is amazed by industrialization" than small in the number of citizens and remote cities of Stavropol. In Pyatigorsk, about 145 thousand inhabitants, well developed industry, trade, scientific sphere.

"The city of Mashuk is located in the city (993.7 m, with a 112-meter television tower with a 112-meter TV) and its spurs.

The climate in Pyatigorsk is characterized by soft winter and hot summer. Thanks to a large number of water resources and a soft climate, the city has picturesque reservoirs, forest belts and parks.

The resort area rich in underground sources of mineral waters is relatively poor in surface water resources.

The tourist infrastructure of the resort of Pyatigorsk includes:

More than 30 resort health care facilities. Annually, there are over 200 thousand people per year (225-250 thousand people per year in 16 sanatoriums and 7 pension - in the II half - the end of the 80s);

43 tourist firms and organizations;

17 hotels;

The city and Pyatigors have tremendous tourist potential and have the right to compete with leading European resorts and balneological health resorts. "

In Pyatigorsk, many museums, theaters, historical monuments, libraries, beautiful places. In the city of Parks, fountains.

"The surrounding mountains decorate natural forests in which mighty oaks and snow-white birchs, honey beef and linden grow, and the dogs, hawthorn, rosehip, Barbaris, Ryabina blush on the autumn.

The animal world due to the proximity of the city is not so diverse, but tourists invariably please the proteins that can be found even in small squares in the very center of the city. On the pond of the Kirov Park in the summer Swans float. "

The population of about 105 thousand people, many resistant, more than 20 mineral springs, the main direction of treatment - "diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and metabolism."

Festivals are held in Essentuki, cultural events, there are a lot of cultural institutions.

The resorts of Caucasian mineral waters are not good to wear this name: the main attraction and the main treasure of the region are sources of mineral waters. And if someone was not here - then all the mineral water drank everything.

In 2000, almost 500 thousand people were restored here and corrected their health.

The program "Genius Places" describes the attractions of the Caucasian Mineral Waters:

Caucasian mineral waters in the first places in popularity among Russians among Russian resorts:

"The Association of Tour Operators of Russia (Ator) analyzed the most popular directions of domestic tourism in the summer of 2014, the resorts of the Krasnodar Territory (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse) were on the first line of the ranking (Sochi, Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse), on the second - Crimea, at the third, fourth and fifth line, Caucasian mineral waters are located, Golden Ring and Karelia, respectively, Baikal took the sixth position. "

The Caucasus attracted the attention of representatives of various seats of society: the creative intelligentsia, nobility, travelers, merchants, as well as adventurers-romanticists of all stripes, and of course those who have surprising waters suled hope for wonderful healing.

The picturesque nature of these places inspired not one generation of writers and poets: the magnificent foothills of Elbrus, the winding beds of the mountain rivers, carrying their waters among fragrant valleys, azure waterfalls, extensive steppe spaces, generously gifted by the sun ... All this created a surprisingly soft healthy climate, but a lot of healing Mineral waters and high-quality healing mud glorified the Caucasus, both in our country and beyond.

The official history of one of the oldest Balneological Centers of Russia began from 1803. At the place of the first settlements and tent camps, organized near the healing sources, the first villages began to grow very quickly, and then cities. Here were the people of different professions, classes, to fix the health "on the waters" and relax in a pleasant society. Gradually, the news about the miraculous properties of local seats has spread throughout Russia and Europe - the resort has become a favorite place of rest and treatment. But still the peak of the popularity of this region falls on the Soviet era, when the journey for health has become not so complex and tedious, which it was at the end of the 19th early 20th century.

After the revolution, nationalized hotels and private houses were redoned under theratic institutions. At the same time, the construction of sanatoriums, waterproofs and resort complexes was organized. During the war years, immediately after the liberation of resorts in the spring of 1943, thousands of wounded Soviet fighters began to take hospitals. Thanks to therapeutic waters and muds, selfless work of doctors and all personnel, hundreds of human lives were rescued. In the post-war time, dozens of new mineral waters were opened, the construction of hotels, sanatoriums, pioneer camps and resort complexes was a rapid pace, the range of medical and wellness services was expanded. As a result, the cavmins become the resort of all-union value hosting up to one and a half million vacationers per year.

Today, the famous resort Caucasian mineral waters is located in the territory of the three subjects of the Federation: Stavropol Territory, Karachay-Cherkess Republic and the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. There are some of the best enterprises of the sanatorium-resort complex, with a wide range of medical and wellness services offered.

An amateur of foreign health care will be interested to know that Caucasian mineral waters are the most unique region in which almost all types of mineral waters are represented - more than 130 sources! Such a variety in its composition, quality and healing properties you will not find anywhere in the world!

In addition, just 12 kilometers from Pyatigorsk there is a famous lake Tambukan, at the bottom of which there are hundreds of thousands of tons of healing sludge. Every year, about 10 thousand tons of healing mud, which is also recognized as one of the best in the world, is produced for the needs of sanatoriums and healthcares.

But even by those who did not hear about Kavminvodavod's resorts, another direction of activity of the region is well known - production of bottled mineral water. The legendary "Essentuki" and "Narzan" are familiar to everyone since childhood. These and other types of water today are shipped throughout Russia and the nearest abroad.

Another interesting direction that continues to actively develop every year - cognitive and sports tourism. In the edge with a rich history and culture, many interesting natural objects, there is no lack of attractions. Therefore, many tourists go here not so much by rehabilitation, how many bright sightseeing impressions, a pacifying atmosphere of long hiking and active sports vacation in the mountains.

Based: 1803 year
Area: 5.3 thousand km 2
Population: 1 194 859 people. (2018)
Currency: Russian ruble
Language: Russian
OF.SYT: / http://www.adm-kmv.ru/

Departure time:
from Moscow - from 2 hours 15 minutes.
From St. Petersburg - from 3 o'clock
From Kazan - from 4 hours 50 minutes. (1-2 transplants)
From Yekaterinburg - from 3 hours 5 minutes.
From Novosibirsk - from 4 hours 35 min.

The most popular resorts in the Caucasian Mineral Water Area: Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk and Pyatigorsk. Each resort city has its own healing specialization.

Kislovodsk - It is considered the solar and greatest resort. On the territory of the city, in addition to famous medical narrasanov, there is a huge park for walking, which goes far away in the mountains. Favorable climatic conditions and crystal clear air saturated with tart smells of resin and needles create an excellent healing effect. Recommended for the treatment of cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract.

Essentuki - A small cozy resort specializing in the treatment of endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal tract, liver and bile ducts. Perhaps this is the main healing "source" of mineral waters in the Caucasus.

Zheleznovodsk - The smallest and quiet resort among your fellow, but not less famous! This is the only resort in Russia and Europe with hot calcium mineral waters. Therefore, the main specialization of the resort is the treatment of diseases of the urogenital system and metabolic disorders. This resort can also be viewed for the treatment of respiratory organs.

Pyatigorsk - Multidisciplinary KMV resort. He is famous for his mud treatment, but in general is a universal resort for comprehensive recovery.

How to get

Getting to the famous resorts is fairly easily and relatively not expensive. If the trip is not planned for a high season, then train tickets can do it more expensive than a plane ticket. The cost of traveling by trainers by Kavminvodes, price is comparable with similar trips in large cities. Minibuses and taxis are cheaper than in metropolisms. Planning a trip, remember that most of the routes from where you would not come / arrived, lead you to mineral waters - the main receiving and transference point.

Plane

The international airport is the largest international airport in the south of the country, which receives flights from different cities in Russia and neighboring countries every day. The plane is the most convenient and fast way to get to Kavmin. The flight time from Moscow will be about two hours, from St. Petersburg - about three. When searching for air tickets, pay attention to the Airlines "S7 Airlines" and "Nordstar", which have interesting budget deals. Mineral Water Airport itself is small, but modern, located 4 km from the city.

If your further route runs through the Mineral Water Railway Station, from which trains are sent to popular resort towns, we recommend using the route taxi No. 10, No. 11. Minibuses are sent from the airport every 30-40 minutes. From 6.00 am to 19.30 pm. By choosing route number 11, you will reach the city bus station, which is also connected by routes with many resorts: Kislovodsky, Pyatigorsky, Essentuki, Domable and others (travel time to the bus station, about 10 min.). You should not believe the taxi drivers who talk about the abolition of these routes or long interruptions between flights. Taxi services can be used if you want to get to other cities of Cavminvant without transfers. For example, a taxi ride to Kislovodsk, on average, you will cost you 900 p (January 2016).

A train

Before choosing this method of movement, we recommend to see what number of days you need on the road. Even the rapid trains in this direction make a large number of stops and go no quickly, so the trip can be very tedious, especially in the hot season. Like the airport, the Mineral Water Railway Station is one of the most important transport points of this region. Before it, and the final station of the North Caucasian Railway - Kislovodsk, you can rely without transfers from many cities in Russia.

The mineral water station corresponds to the status of the station is a majestic building, with massive columns, dome, stained glass windows and frescoes, quite spacious and convenient for waiting. Before entering you, you will meet the famous sculpture "Eagle Running Snake" - the Kavmintor's symbol. From the station sent trains on long-distance routes and suburban reports.

Separately, it should be noted the wonderful transport link inside the territory of Kavminvod! Suitable trains on the branch of mineral waters - Kislovodsk (its length - 64 km) - the main public transport between the cities of Kislovodsk, Essentuki, Pyatigorsk, Beshtau, Mineral Waters. Also, trains go to Georgievsk, Nevinnomyssk, Budennovsk and other cities of Stavropol Territory, with the exception of Zheleznovodsk. To get to Zheleznovodsk, you need to go out at Beshtau station (located 6 km from Zheleznovodsk) and continue the path on the route taxi or bus number 10 (about 5-7 minutes). If the far-distance train does not stop at the Beshtau station (for example, No. 004c "Caucasus" from Moscow), then from the railway station, mineral waters (from the station Square), as well as from the bus station, can be reached by bus or bus number 107.

Electric trains walk very often, at intervals 40 min - 1 hour 20 minutes (depending on the time of day), from 5 am to 11 pm. And, most importantly for the convenience of tourists, in every city, even the smallest, the train does 2-3 stops! Track schedule periodically changed. The fare, for example: Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk - 154 p. 20 k., Kislovodsk - Essentuki - 64 p. 10 k., Kislovodsk - Pyatigorsk - 115 p. 90 k. (2016)

Distance between cities KMV

	Kislovodsk	Essentuki	Zheleznovodsk	Pyatigorsk
Kislovodsk
Essentuki
Zheleznovodsk
Pyatigorsk

Bus

To get to the resorts of Kavminvod direct bus flight from many major cities of Russia. From Moscow to Kislovodsk, through resort towns, there are comfortable buses, departing mainly from the bus station "Southern Gate". The time on the way will be a little more than a day, the cost of the ticket is approximately 2000 rubles (2016). The main carrier in the Kavminvyavto North Caucasus region, which also implements regular flights along the Moscow-Kislovodsk and flights to the nearest regions.

Bus stations and bus station KMV node

Kislovodsk: The bus station is located outside the city - ul. Industrial, d. 4, getting to it is not very convenient. Work time from 6:00 to 19:00. Serves the following directions: Arzgir, Anapa, Astrakhan, Baku, Grateful, Budennovsk, Vladikavkaz, Volgograd, Gelendzhik, Georgievsk, Grozny, Derbent, Krasnodar, Labinsk, Majop, Makhachkala, Mozdok, Moscow, Nazran, Naplekumsk, Nalchik, Oktyabrsky, Cool, Stavropol, Sochi, Cherkessk.

Mineral water:in the city, two bus station: the old one - on the street. Gagarin, 98 (working hours from 06:30 to 18:00) and the new bus station "Ruslan", located on the street. Soviet, d. 97 (working hours from 5.00 to 23.00 without interruption and weekends). From the new bus station, buses are departed in all directions of the Carrier "Kavminvyavto".

Essentuki: The bus station is located on the street. Gagarina, d. 93 behind the Central Market Complex. It is also not easy to find it because of the neighborhood with the market and a large accumulation of transport. The building is old, in a bad condition, count on a comfortable wait for the flight is not worth it. Work time from 5:00 to 19:30. It serves the following directions: Arzgir, Anapa, Astrakhan, Baku, Grateful, Budennovsk, Vladikavkaz, Gelendzhik, Derbent, Majop, Makhachkala, Mozdok, Moscow, Nalchik, Novoselitskoye, Cool, Stavropol, Steppe, Stocked.

Pyatigorsk: The main bus station is located in the center of the city at the intersection of Kalinin and ul. Boyanovich. Work time from 5:45 to 21:00. Serves North Direction flights: Mineralnye Vody, Stavropol, Krasnodar, Rostov-on-Don, Moscow. From this station, the route taxis is also sent to Nalchik, Cherkessk, Vladikavkaz, Makhachkala and Grozny.

In Pyatigorsk there are several more bus station. From the bus station "Upper Market", route taxis are sent to the suburb and neighboring settlements, including Kabardino-Balkaria. The most demanded routes: No. 108: Pyatigorsk - Georgievsk, No. 130: "Pyatigorsk - Win-Gardens" and No. 112: "Pyatigorsk - Lermontov". From the bus station at the railway station, route taxis is running to Lermontov - No. 112, Zheleznovodsk - No. 213, mineral waters - No. 223. To the resort area and the lake "Powa" is a city bus number 1, landing for a bus from the barrier.

Zheleznovodsk:little bus station is located on the stationary area of \u200b\u200bthe train station. Work time from 06:00 to 17:00. Here destroyed destroying routes and several long-distance flights.

Coach and bus timetable for Mineral Water Bus Station

Car

The nearest Kavmins of the federal equity - M29 ("Caucasus", passes through mineral waters and foreign vehicles) and A157 (Mineral Water Road Plot - Kislovodsk). Lermontov Road - Cherkessk (A156) is kilometers in ten south of the city. From Moscow to Kislovodsk, you can rent a federal highway M4 "Don" (E115), through Rostov-on-Don to the village of Pavlovskaya in the Krasnodar Territory, and then on the M29 (E50) route through the mineral waters.

Climate and weather in Caucasian Minerals

The climate in the Caucasian Mineral Waters region depends on the specific city, because the mountains are able to form unique weather on a relatively small territory.

For example, due to the fact thatKislovodsk Located above, than other resort towns of the Caucasian Mineralnye Vody, sunny weather here are about 150 days a year. The climate in Kislovodsk is moderately continental, the city is surrounded by the Caucasian ridge, which protects it from cold winds and creates a special mountain climate.

In the south of the Stavropol Territory, in the foothills of the Grand Caucasian Range there is an amazing place - Caucasian Mineralnye Vody. This spa area is at the junction of the Mineralodian inclined plain and the northern slopes of the Caucasian Ridge exactly in the middle between the Caspian and the Black Seas. On the one hand, the region is surrounded by snow vertices, and on the other hand, the arid Caspiana steppes. All this forms a very valuable medical climate, appreciated by the resortolists and resting. Interestingly, the French Cote d'Azur and Spanish Adriatic lie almost on one latitude with Kavminvodami.

Usually, Kavminvodami consider agglomeration of Pyatigorsk, Essentukov, Kislovodsk, Zheleznovodsk and mineral waters. Although geographically KMV is much more. Starting from the foot of Elbrus in the south and ending in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Mineralnye Vody, the region of Caucasian Mineral Waters covers the length of more than five hundred thousand hectares.

Given this, the KMV region can be attributed to the average, because the maximum height above sea level reaches 2592 meters (Plateau Bermamat).

Conditionally can be divided by KMB into two climatic zones: southern and north. Kislovodsk will be to the first, - there are more sunny days and almost no strong winds. This is a climate with pronounced features of continental lowland. Kislovodsk is located in a natural hollow, from all sides of the mountains, which detain clouds. Due to this, the sun shines in Kislovodsk 300 days a year. This is one of the most sunny cities in the world.

Pyatigorsk, Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk can be attributed to the northern part of the KMV, here is also very sunny and warm, but the humidity and the amount of precipitation above. Although, quite often, it is possible to observe how it rains in one of the cities of the resort, and in other cities it is clear and sunny. The weather can change several times a day. It happens very quickly. In the people, such a saying is even walking: "North Caucasus - keep gloves about stock."

Winter in the Caucasian Mineral Waters Warm; Snow rarely lies longer than ten days. Snow in winter is less likely than the rain. In the fall, often warm weather is standing until the end of November. The proximity of the Greater Caucasian Range and a large number of green plantings soften the summer heat. Spring is usually early: in April-May, many residents and vacationers are already beginning to swim in rivers and lakes.

History of the resort

The first relatively accurate information about the mineral waters of the Caucasus appear in 1717, when Peter I gives the task of the Life Medica, Dr. Schever to find and explore hot water near the first Russian fortress, the graters called later by Braginski. In his report, Schuber described the sources in the lands of Pyatigorsky Circassians, as Kabardians were previously called in Russia. From that moment on, the study of therapeutic properties of Kavminodsky mineral springs begins. Unfortunately, after Peter's death, all undertakings on the development of KMV resorts were stopped.

In 1780, Konstantinogorsk fortress was founded at the foot of Mashuk Mount. The soldiers first noticed the healing properties of hot springs of the future of Pyatigorsk. For the study of mineral sources, the Academy of Sciences sends the doctor of Medicine Peter Simon Pallas. During the year he studied therapeutic properties of water. In addition to Pyatigorsk sources, Pallas also explored the Kislovodsky Narzan. It was noted that the water breaks out from under the ground with great strength and is able to raise a person batheing in it.

After the report of P. S. Pallas, the KMV region acquires fame. Here for treatment come from the most remote corners of Russia.

In 1803, Alexander I, his resort status for the Caucasian mineral waters, enshrines the Caucasian mineral waters. Allocated allocations for the arrangement and development of the resort. Despite state support, the resort develops weakly. Medical hospitals are in running. Aristocracy prefers to ride foreign resorts. So, according to the data for 1860, about 160 million rubles were spent Russian in foreign resorts.

In order to correct the situation, in 1861, Caucasian mineral waters were leased by the Novoselsky entrepreneur, and after A. M. Baikov. It did not give the desired results, and in two years the resort returns again to the government.

Resort's development

In the sixties of the XIX century, serious work on the study of the balneological features of Caucasian resorts and mineral springs are held by the researchers and researchers and Batalin. A geological committee is being created, which conducts a comprehensive study of the subsoil. 1893 is marked by the opening of the railway branch, tied all the city of the resort with the Vladikavkaz branch. As a result, the resort is rapidly gaining popularity. By 1914, the number of vacationers increases more than 45 times. This year, Caucasian mineral waters visited more than 100,000 people.

In 1919, the Kavminvodsk resorts receive a security certificate and the status of "socially significant." Decree, signed by V. I. Lenin, saves infrastructure from looting.

In 1920, a Balneological Institute has been created in Pyatigorsk, which exists to this day. The Institute is engaged in the study of balneological factors in the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

During World War II, all sanatoriums and spa pensions took the wounded.

Resort today

Today, about a hundred sanatorium works in the region, which for the year visits more seven hundred thousand people.

You can come to rest at any time of the year, but if you plan to come in the summer, it is better to think about the purchase of the tickets in advance. They say, in Soviet times in the summer in the cities of Kavminvod, the number of people in the cities have tripled at the expense of rest. Of course, such popularity is explained not only by therapeutic factors. One Narzan will not be fed. In the region a large number of cafes for every taste and color. Probably, only here you can taste dishes of a wide variety of peoples: Russian, Kabardian, Jewish, Azerbaijani, Turkish, Ossetian, Karachayevskaya, Armenian, Chinese, Japanese and even Vietnamese cuisine - choose, compare, evaluate. I am sure in each you will find something to taste. And yet, try not to get confused in a variety of ways of cooking kebabs and remember the main differences. After all, if you forget, you will have to repeat the entire course again, and the time of one trigger may not be enough.

If you are tired of culinary delights, then know: there is where to get the spiritual food on Kavminvoda. Each city has a theater. In Pyatigorsk, this is the Stavropol State Regional Operetta (previously he was called the Theater of the Music Comedy). In Essentuki, this is the concert hall named after F. I. Shalyapin. In Kislovodsk, I recommend visiting the philharmonic. This is one of the oldest concert institutions in Russia. In the Pyatigorsk Park them. Kirov, in addition to the attractions, there is also a concert venue "Cameton". And 3D cinemas so much that it makes no sense to list them here.

In any of the KMV resorts cities, numerous bowling and billiards are at your service, as well as nightclubs with discos until the morning.

In addition to the attractions to Kmbed, the attention of holidaymakers are offered more than a hundred different excursions, both one-day and calculated for several days. Excursion routes are the most diverse: there are also honey waterfalls, and Arkhyz, the ancient city of Magas (where the most ancient Christian temples in Russia are located), trout farms and mountain skiing, the cave of permafrost or the Tempean male monastery. Just do not count. It is very difficult to choose the excursions "with the go." Therefore, it is best to read about them in advance, see reviews, photos and decide on the choice.

In each self-respecting itself, the Kavminvodskaya resort city has its own park, at least one lake and picturesque therapeutic terns.

Terrekur: From French Terrain - terrain and German KUR - treatment, the method of sanatorium-resort treatment, which suggests dosage loads in the form of pedestrian walks.

These are impregnated not only by the present story, but also literary. The bronze kisa Vorobyaninov still asks alms near the Gukasov's coffee house, which opposite the Lermontov Gallery, and his partner Ostap-Suleiman-Berta-Maria-Bender-Bay so sells tickets near the failed.

Pictures of CMV

On Kavminvodakh, 17 unique mountains of Laccolites 1, each mountain has its own legend and a special charm. Be sure to be visited at least one of them. If you are not able to climb on foot, then the cable car is laid to the temple of the air (Kislovodsk) and on the top of the Mashuk (Pyatigorsk). The Pyatigorsky lift is considered the fastest in Europe. In clear weather, the Panoramas of the Big Caucasus Range, which you never forget are opening. It is said that the Caucasian Mineralnye Waters should come only for the sake of the species opening from there. And you can, breaking away from the ground on the paraglider, enjoy the panorama and feeling of free flight.

You will definitely like it. Arriving in the summer, you will definitely want to return: admire the mountains in the autumn colors or wander through the snow-covered parks. Here at any time of the year you can correct health and find a lesson in the shower.

1 Mountain laccolite - It is possible to be viewed as a "failed volcano", since Magma could not break out and only lifted the top layer of sedimentary rocks, frozen under it in the form of a dome or hemisphere, often mung-shaped outlines. (Geographic Encyclopedia).

Beautiful video about Caucasian Mineral waters