Load capacity of transport aircraft. Characteristics and description of transport aircraft

Deceptber 10th, 2012

An-225 "Mriya" (with UKR. Dream) - is a transport aircraft with super-large load capacity. OKB was designed. O. K. Antonova in the 1980s of the last century. It is the biggest aircraft in the world. In total, in one flight in March 1989 for 3.5 hours the plane simultaneously broke 110 world records, which in itself is already a record. An-225 was built at the Kiev Mechanical Plant in 1985-1988. A total of 2 aircraft were laid, at present, one copy of the An-225 is in flight condition and is operated by the Ukrainian airline "Aviania Antonov".

The heavy transport aircraft An-225 "Mriya" was primarily designed to meet the needs of the Soviet Space Program, in particular the carriage of cargoes - the components of the Rocket system "Energy" and the cosmic ships of the reusable use "Buran". At the same time, the aircraft could carry the aircraft and other destination, which could be placed on both the "back" of the aircraft and directly in its fuselage. The experienced sample was performed on December 21, 1988. From the moment of the start of work on the aircraft passed only 3.5 years. Such a short period of work has become possible due to the wide unification of the aggregates and giant sites with already created nodes and units of the An-124 Ruslan aircraft. Let's follow the history of the aircraft More ...

The mid-seventies of the last century (as, however, it is still strange to apply this phrase!) Was marked by significant successes in the development of space. By that time, satellite groups of the USSR and the United States turned into inherent ingredients of military and general economic infrastructure, long-term aerobatic orbital stations were firmly settled on near-earth orbits, first steps from confrontation against international cooperation in this area were made. Then it seemed that the rate of development of outer space would increasingly grow, which means that new, reusable means of removing the orbits of payloads, which, with sufficient frequency of use on economic efficiency, will exceed traditional disposable carrier missiles.

Under this slogan in the United States, intensive works on the multi-sized space transport system "Space Shttl" were launched, and soon in the USSR, quite in the spirit of the time, a decision was made to develop its own system with close characteristics. On February 17, 1976, the secret decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR 132-51 on the creation of the Bran Space systems and Dawn, subsequently renamed "Energy". The construction of space aircraft of unprecedented sizes and weights was envisaged, the individual aggregates of which were built at the enterprises of the central regions of the USSR, and the final assembly was supposed directly on the Baikonur cosmodrome. Thus, it was required to ship the parts of the rocket carrier and the spacecraft in the assembled form at a distance of 1500-2500 km. In this case, the project length of some of them reached 60 meters, and the diameter is 8 meters. In addition, depending on the tasks performed in the orbit, Buran could land on airfields located throughout Soviet Union - from Ukraine to Far East. From there it was necessary to bring again to Baikonur, to the next start.

This task affected the imagination. And not only with its grandinality in a purely technical sense, but also the scale of financing, which could be trying to knock down. Yes, and glory ahead was waiting for a lot of money - whether the joke was to create the world's largest plane! The projects of the future giant immediately presented to several organizations at once, including those who, as experts say, did not really think about the ways of implementing their proposals. Still, in such a case, design experience is required, and knowledge of the specifics large aircraft, and outstanding technological capabilities. But the criticism of those projects in our task today is not included. We just say the main thing: they all envisaged the creation of a completely new aircraft, and the aircraft - we emphasize once again - a giant, with all the economic consequences arising from here. And the national economy of the country of developed socialism has already given tangible failures and a program of such a scale (in addition to numerous others!) Could not master it.

Therefore, the proposal of OKB O.K.ANTONOVA, which provided for the creation of such an aircraft with the maximum use of existing components of the An-124, turned out to be practically non-alternative. It was born in the Department of Perspective Design, which was led by O.K. Bogdanov. The first sketches of the new aircraft appeared on the Kulimans of the team of common species (Head -O. I.Shmatko) in the second half of 1983, and by the summer of the next appearance of the car was already formed. He envisaged the use of removal parts of the wing "Ruslan", and precisely in the form in which they were manufactured by the Tashkent Aviation Production Association. The wing was obtained significantly large due to the new centriplane of the increased scope, on which the two engines were additionally suspended, also applied to An-124. The fuselage was lengthened due to the insertion of additional sections into the area of \u200b\u200bthe constant cross section, the nodes of fastening of external goods were installed on its upper surface. Since the load on the tail part of the fuselage increased dramatically, it was proposed to remove cargo hatch from there. The nasal supports chassis were provided to strengthen, the number of mains is to increase to seven from each side, and the four of their rear rows make self-refined. Naturally, the tail plumage turned into a two-kill. The aircraft was equipped with a system of superimposure and thermostatization of goods on an external suspension and control system and maintain pressure in them. Thus, a project of an aircraft appeared, which could not only transport "Buran" and blocks "energy", but also serve as the first step for a promising multi-water aerospace system, as well as used for the transport of various goods in the interests of the national economy.

The full-scale development of a new aircraft took three and a half years. Usually this period of creating any aircraft is characterized by a significant alteration of the pre-project, especially if at first was going to use any parts of other aircraft without changes. As a rule, the work design stage ruthlessly breaks such illusions, but again, as a rule, it does not matter, since the order is already in your pocket. In the given case, and this, I want to emphasize the first project hypothesis described above, due to the high level of execution, has almost undergone changes. In the end, I. design design, and the construction of the An-225 walked, in general, quite smoothly - the vast experience of the team, which created a numerous family of transport aircraft and staying in its best shape. But this was not at all the period of the clutch, on the contrary - the CCM. O.K.ANTONOVA and hundreds of other organizations worked hard, embodying a project. In general, the cooperation scheme for the construction of the aircraft was similar to that so brilliantly worked in the construction of the first Ruslans. The wing console and the new centralland made Tashkent, and they were delivered to the back of Antea. The chassis was done in Kuibyshev, elements of the hydraulic complex - in Kharkov and Moscow, in the construction of many aggregates of the aircraft, the Kiev Aviation Production Association adopted, more than 100 factories were involved.

An-225 appeared on November 30, 1988. Appeared in a literal sense - in that gloomy day, when the waters of the autumn almost completely turned into a snowy winter, the plane was solemnly rolled out from the assembly shop under open sky. Thousands of gathered on a rally on this occasion of designers and workers first saw on board the inscription "MPI", applied at night. Sound speeches sounded, after which the numerous team of the creators of the newly giant went to the workplaces to note the fact of his birth than God sent. The plane was departed at the factory airfield and passed into the hands of the test team, and its general designer answered the questions of journalists for a long time, including about the title. The dream is the infinity of human thought and desire, "said P.V. Balabuev. "The dream leads us forward and never disappears while a man is alive on the planet. And if the plane was born on the Ukrainian land, let him carry the word from her language - MRIA.

Thanks to the constructive continuity of most components and aggregates, the identity of many elements of onboard systems and equipment of these aircraft managed to significantly reduce the number of test flights an-225. On December 28, Mriya made a second flight, and on February 1, 1989, was already represented by Soviet and foreign journalists in kiev airport Borispol. On March 22, he became one of the most significant days in the history of the An-225 - he made a flight to breaking global records. After careful weighing of the goods, the mass of which was 156.3 tons, and the sealing of the Gorlovin of the centralized refueling of the Mrina fuel rose into the air. The countdown of higher achievements began immediately after the separation from the Earth. Having entered into rivalry with the American Boeing 747-400, which then belonged to the maximum take-off record (404.8 tons), An-225 blocked this achievement at once to 104 tons. In that flight it was found not 106, as it was assumed, and at once 110 world records! Including a flight speed record for a closed route 2000 km long with a load of 155 tons - 815.09 km / h, a flight height record with this cargo is 12430 m. After 3 hours 45 minutes, "Mriya" landed.

Of course, the An-225 was not created for records, and soon the aircraft began to fulfill his direct work. On May 3, 1989, Mriya started from the Baikonur airfield, carrying his first cargo on his back - the air-space aircraft Buran weigh more than 60 tons. For the next 10 days, the crew led by Galunhenko performed several test flights, in which the controllability of this bundle was evaluated, the flight speed and fuel expenditures are measured. And on May 13, this unique transport system has fulfilled a non-4,000-km baykonur-Kiev route for 4 hours 25 minutes, and its takeoff mass was 560 tons.

For the aircraft and its creators, a starry hour has come. During a short parking lot in Kiev on the striking imagination, a bunch of two huge aircraft came to see thousands of people. Photos taken during the flight, made, probably, all newspapers and the magazines of the USSR. And when Mriya, with Buran flew to France, on the 38th International Aerospace Salon in Le Bourget, hundreds of thousands of people from all of the planet were already walked on them. An-225 instantly became global sensation. ╚Technics - a miracle, on the verge of what you can imagine in our rapid time! The heart is overflowing proudly for the power of the human mind at the sight of this fantastic car, the plane is huge, like your Soviet country, "" Thank you ... "- these enthusiastic Estimates taken from a weightlifting of reviews of feedback, which was on board the An-225 during the salon.

Just until the "setting to jokes" in April 1994, including commercial transportation and participation in exhibitions, "MR1Y" performed 339 flights with a duration of 671 hours. Conclusion According to the results of government joint tests, An-225 ╧01-01, in which the practical compliance of the characteristics of the aircraft was specified, was signed on January 5, 1996. It must be said that in parallel with state tests there was a process of civilian certification of an aircraft, a large number of flight performed went to the offset and on this program, and many flights were made specifically. The work was actively involved in the staff of the aircraft of the MAC and Ukraine, the certification centers of the two countries, many independent experts. The works were stopped when not more than 15-20 flights remained before the certification is completed. However, this, in general, the annoying fact did not have: still the chances of using an aircraft for commercial purposes then approached zero.

The pendulum of the fate of the An-225, so rapidly reached the apogee of fame, fell as sharply and, it seemed forever froze at the bottom of the dead point. And the plane itself for many years froze on the outskirts of the Gostomel Airfield. The main tasks, for the solution of which "MPI" was created, disappeared with the closure of the program ╚Burana, to hope for commercial success during the transport of ordinary loads then did not have to - a sharp transition to world fuel prices led to a drop in the CIS countries in the CIS demand for air transportation, including unique. And abroad, the work was lacked even for a relatively small park "Ruslanov". The further fate of the giant seemed very uncertain, and gradually began to shoot engines, separate blocks of on-board equipment and set them on "Ruslans", which turned into the most important source of existence for the Antonov aviation complex. Fortunately, all these expensive aggregates were fully approached by both types of aircraft - another positive consequence of the decision to develop An-225 based on An-124.

But in these conditions, the creators of the wonder-plane did not lose optimism and worked hard on possible options for its use. The search turned before the collapse of the Soviet Union. For example, on June 21, 1991, a presentation of the International Aviation and Space System was held at the headquarters of the European Space Agency in Paris for studies of the near-Earth space, which consisted of an An-225 and a 250-ton reusable ETERIM HOTOL spacecraft developed by the British Aerospeise British company. Two aircraft almost perfectly approached each other, because the An-225 was originally designed for the air start of such products. The implementation of this project actually promised approximately a fourfold reduction in the cost of removing the useful load into orbit compared with the vertical start. Among other things, the "hotla" could be more effective than other devices to solve the task of delivering crews into orbital stations and to evacuate them from there emergency situations. However, very soon the project has discovered a very serious disadvantage - a complete lack of public financing. And private investors, as it turned out, prefer to invest only where they are quickly returned. If the period before profit is long, the investor is almost impossible to find the investor. This capital truth played a fateful role in the fate of the project "Mriya-Hotol".

As neither regrettable, but a completely similar fate has suffered a good ten projects for the use of An-225. By the mid-1990s, the "Lightning" NGO acquired the completed appearance of the Max system (reusable aviation-space system), which provided for the delivery of 8.5-10 tons of payload to orbit and 18-19 tons in an unmanned version. Interestingly, despite the promotion of work on the system in an extremely slow pace, Max is still not outdated and still continues to remain one of the most promising aerospace systems (AKS). On the basis of An-225 and separate blocks of the Zenit-2 missile, the AKS "Svityaz" was designed, capable of withdrawing to low orbits up to 8 tons of payload. Perhaps this system will be lucky more than others, because its development entered the draft Ukrainian space program for 2002-06.

In the summer of 2000, almost immediately after the completion of the Certification Test Program An-140, restoration work began on the An-225. ANTK them. O.K.ANTONOVA deployed them on its own money together with Motor Sić, which at his own expense put the engines and committed themselves to their operational accompaniment. The share of Cossacks in the cost of restoring the aircraft and, accordingly, in future profits is 30%. In addition, a contract basis for work has connected a large number of other enterprises that have set new enterprises for An-225, or renovated old equipment blocks, composite parts of onboard systems, separate structural elements. A particularly large list of works was performed by the Ulyanovsky Aviation and Industrial Complex, which still continues the release of Ruslanov. "We did not take a single penny from the pocket of taxpayers in Ukraine," so answered P.V. Balabuev on numerous questions of the press on the cost of the work performed.

By mid-November, the diagnosis of the state of the glider and aircraft systems was completed, manufactured, repaired or acquired most of the necessary parts and elements of the equipment, started installation of engines. Along the way, the an-225 modification in a full-fledged commercial aircraft, capable of flying around the world without restrictions. (Recall that initially ╚Mriya was intended only for flights inside the USSR). The car was equipped with systems for warning collisions in the air and on Earth, ensuring flights with abbreviated vertical echelonation intervals, as well as new radio stations in accordance with ICAO requirements. In addition, in connection with the upcoming transportation inside the fuselage of monogors weighing the order of 220 tons, the cargo floor and front ramp were reinforced. In February 2001, the installation of engines was completed, in March - the restoration of the performance of numerous systems, and on April 9, the finished aircraft rolled out from the workshop and transferred to testes.

Day May 7, 2001 entered the history and aircraft, and all of Ukraine, and aviation freight transport in general. On this day, the "second first" took off, if you please, the second birth of the giant. Having passed thorough terrestrial checks by performing dozens of taxiings and runs on the Gostomel airfield, "MPI" under the on-board designation of the UR-82060 after a seven-year break again rose to the air and, managed by the crew A.V. Malenko, made a 15-minute flight. And again, like 12 years ago, they spoke about it on TV, aircraft magazines put photo reports about flight, almost all newspapers responded to the event.

During the month, An-225 performed about 20 test flights without any serious incidents, demonstrating quite high reliability and successfully completing the certification program. And on May 26, during the publication of the aircraft at the opening ceremony of the New WFP in the Kiev airport, Borispol, Chairman of the Interstate Aviation Committee of the CIS T.G.Anodina presented it with the developers type certificate. Then "Mriya" went to France, where it was demonstrated at the 44th International Aviation and Space Salon in Le Bourget. An-225 graceful flights in the Paris sky received high assessments of specialists and caused admiration for visitors. However, for Antonovsky aircraft it is not news, and times when for the sake of this flew to Paris, long ago passed. At the most prestigious airlock of the world, Mriya was looking for customers. In the meantime, professionals negotiated, guests of the salon considered their duty to personally visit the biggest plane of the world. Of the 300 thousand people who visited the exhibition, at least 200 thousand were held on the cargo cabin An-225, leaving more than 2000 wishes and paintings in the book. This is what the deputy chief designer A.G.Vovnyanko says: "In the course of the An-225 exhibition, there was hardly no more people than all other aircraft, combined. In the morning and until the evening, we had a solid stream of 5 people in a row, And 1 -2 person came to other aircraft. In addition to us, the audience was called "Boeing" C-17 and Erbasovskaya "Beluga". Forwards, there were turns of the person on 20 - inside launched 5 visitors every 5 minutes. "

"In Paris," Mriya "reached the right effect and aroused interest in the direction in which we planned," the Deputy Chairman of the State Committee for Prombriolika V.P. Nazakh stressed at a press conference following the results of the exhibition. - An-225 appeared very timely: There are large loads in the transport market, which are not delivering to the An-124-100. According to some estimates, the annual need for such transport is somewhere 20-25 flights. "

The airline Volga-Dnipro showed its interest in the operation of "Mriya", which is the leader in the transport of heavyweight and oversized cargo. The general director A. Isaikin reported the prospects for using aircraft of this type that require 2-3 units. In his opinion, promising the development of the transport market in this segment is about 2-3 billion dollars.

The President of the Airlines of Antonov Airlines, K.Lushakov, stated that the launch of satellite apparatus with the An-225 would be much cheaper than the use of the cosmodrome infrastructure. At the same time, An-225 will not compete with the "Flight" project, which involves the launch of satellite systems with Ruslan. The truth is that the Flight project provides for the launch of the so-called. "Light" satellites weighing up to 3.5 tons, and with "Mriya" can be released into space of medium-type design weighing up to 5.5 tons.

But with the updated Western projects - Airbus A3XX-100F aircraft and an aircraft 747-X Boeing Corporation (loading capacity - no more than 150 tons) - An-225 will begin an honest competitive struggle. There are a lot of chances to defeat them. The manufacturer of the largest "transport worker" will probably be an air facility in Ulyanovsk.

It is the An-225 Mriya aircraft that owns an absolute record of carrying capacity in aviation - 253.8 tons. The longest cargo is more than 42 meters. The biggest mono cargo is 187.6 tons.

Today, the An-225 Mriy transport aircraft continues to successfully carry out the tasks set in front of him, transporting superior or oversized cargo. Also, the An-225 Mriya very often takes part in different types of exhibitions and air salons.

Since human fantasy and ingenuity there is no limit, all new and modern models of aircraft appear. They get better, more economical, safer, and of course, massive.

Airbus A380

This aircraft has two decks and is the largest for the carriage of passengers.

The height of the aircraft is 24 meters, the wingspan is 80 meters, and the length is 73 meters.

The aircraft transports to 555 passengers, in one-class modification - 853 passengers.

This aircraft is able to constantly overcome 15,000 kilometers, while at the same time very economical. The creation of Airbus A380 was spent 10 years at the cost of a project in 12 billion euros. The first commercial flight took place in October 2007. Then 455 passengers rose on board to fly on Singapore - Sydney route.

When designing, the main sections of the liner are transported by terrestrial and surface transport, although some parts are transported by the An-124 aircraft.

This model was created alternatively, before it is considered the largest for 35 years. But Airbus moved "colleague" from an honorable place due to its economy not only in fuel, but also in value.

The developers and reduce the mass of the aircraft also achieved. The highlight of the structure is that 40% of the composition of the Airbus A380 hull is graphite (wings and fuselage). The cost of the aircraft itself is about 390 million euros.

This liner is the leader in flight range. It is able to fly more than 21,000 km without refueling. Operation began in 1995. The aircraft can transport from 300 to 550 people in the cabin. The 777-300 ER model is equipped with two GENERAL ELECTRIC gas turbine engines, which are in their class are the most powerful engines.

It has a maximum speed of 965 km / h with an impressive mass of 250 tons. One of the main distinguishing features is economy. On the base passenger aircraft Created and cargo modification. The symbol "ER" denotes an Extended Range (enlarged range).

The modification of all of the well-known 747th appeared in 2005. The body has become longer, at the same time the plane is more economical. This model is a leader in the number of special price for billionaires and first persons of the state. She enjoyed chapters 19 states. Version 747-8 is the largest commercial aircraft in the world. The first owner of the commercial model 747-8 is the German company Lufthansa.

Officially, this is the longest plane in the world!

Hughes H-4 Hercules

This huge car is one of the record holders in the number of passengers (750), but now is a museum. The aircraft was created under the guidance of the famous millionaire Howard Hughes, and was made of wood. The creator itself "Hercules" supported the aircraft in working condition until the death. In 1993, the plane found the eternal parking lot in Oregon, and more than 300 thousand tourists visit him annually.

"Hercules" was developed as a wooden flying boat weighing 136 tons. At the same time, the plane was up to May 2017 the widest airplane - the wingspan of 98 meters.

The most spacious from Russian liners, accommodates 435 passengers. At the moment, only the transport company "Russia" is used as VIP - transport and CUBANA, including President Cuba. It has a modification of 96-300PU (control point) - as a map of the President of the Russian Federation. Now on the basis of IL-96M, IL-96-400 has been created, the capacity is the same as the predecessor.

Unfortunately, the mass release of this model did not take place, despite the fact that it was designed by Western and domestic specialists.

This liner has proven itself to long distances since 2002. Its capacity is 380 passengers in three class classifications, 419 - in two class. Flight range - 14,800 km. Was originally developed as an alternative to early Boeing models. Although the number of passengers liner is identical to 747 Boeing models, the baggage compartment is twice as much as a competitor. Serial production stopped in 2011.

Cargo planes

- The most lifting plane in the world. The aircraft was created in the KB. Antonova. The basis for the creation of "Mriya" was.

The development of "Mriya" was in close relationship with the Burand program. It is with the help of an-225 that the parts for shuttle were transported and the ship itself was transported. Since the dimensions of the missile carrier blocks and the Buran itself were larger than the Mary cargo compartment, an outer attachment for such goods was envisaged on the An-225.

There is one copy, but there is a joint Ukrainian-Chinese construction of another "Mriya".

The initial task of the aircraft was transporting ballistic missiles. But the result turned out to be impressive. An-124 began to use for the carriage of military equipment. The aircraft for civil aviation can fly on any latitudes and transport many types of goods, including large loads.

The cost of one copy is 300 million dollars, which is more than many passenger airliners.

The plane is designed in the United States for military transportation in the distance 1968. Able to transport up to 345 soldiers or several units of combat technology.

He was the most lifting prior to the appearance of An-124 in 1982.

The reason for the creation of this aircraft was the location in several places of Airbus plants and the need to transport separate parts of Airbus liners. A total of 5 copies have been created and all of them work on Airbus. Currently, the development of a similar apparatus based on A340 is being developed, for the transport of parts of the A380 airbus.

The name happened from China Beluhi whose shape resembles an aircraft.

Such a plane is designed to transport parts airplane Boeing. 787. Prior to that, individual parts were transported by sea, which was extremely uncomfortable. Thus, supplies from Japan wings for 787 Dreamliner decreased from 30 days to 8 hours. A total of 4 copies are released at the moment.

Military aircraft

Non-losing story military aviation There are many cases when Gigantania entered the fashion. The result was the construction of huge aircraft. Below will be described by some representatives of the biggest military aircraft.

German aircraft of the Second World War was at that time the most severe land aircraft. Widely used in North Africa for the supply of troops. Load capacity is 23 tons. Unlike the predecessor ME.321, which flew only one way, and subsequently exploded the crew, ME.323 equipped with engines and chassis.

The aircraft became the basis for many engineering solutions applied so far in military aviation. It can be called the first Military Transport Plane.

The plane was created in 1943 in Germany. The basic for its creation was JU 290. Created to perform many tasks, including as a strategic bomber who could even bomb the territory of the United States. In the plans of the Germans there was a construction of 26 aircraft, on the fact they were built only two.

The plane had for its time a unique range of flight - 9700 km, allowed the Germans seriously think about bombing on the territory of the United States.

The plane is designed in the USA as a flying boat. Navy used him as a patrol ocean aircraft. In total, 5 devices of this type were created. The wing JRM MARS wing is the largest serial seaplane in history (H-4 Hercules was released only in one instance).

The last of the aircraft of this type is still operated as a fire plane.

The plane was created by Boeing in 1941 to confront enemy Japan. The mass production came from 1943. B-29 embodied all the latest engineering solutions of that time and was a model for the current military aircraft. He became widely known after the use of atomic weapons in Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.

To establish a military equilibrium, by order I.V. Stalin, an analogue of B-29 was created, an unlicensed copy of Tu-4.

Initially, B-52 was created as an intercontinental strategic bomber, but, being a means of delivering nuclear weapons, in military conflicts was used only for training. Having a ceiling heights up to 15000 m, it was able to convey two thermonuclear bombs to anywhere in the USSR.

B-52 was actively used in many military conflicts, primarily in Vietnam from 1965 to 1973.

The US Armed Forces plan to use the B-52 aircraft up to the 2040s with an appropriate upgrade.

The legendary Soviet strategic bomber, remaining so far in service with the Air Force of Russia. This is the only turboprop rocket minister. The service remains 60 machines of this type that can carry the X-101 missiles, which, with a range of 5,500 km, allow Tu-95 to completely calm the goals, without finding themselves on the electronic air defense systems. Despite the fact that many of the strategic bombers of our time are performed with reactive engines, Tu-95 is not obsolete, on the contrary, it is its advantage, as some satellites track bombers on reactive exhaust.

On the basis of Tu-95 various kinds of test aircraft were created, such as passenger Tu-114, reconnaissance Tu-126.

Video about Tu-95 is one of the best bombers of modernity.

A supersonic rocket maker with a variable swing sweatshirt was developed in Tupolev KB in 70-80x years. A lot of consoles "most" can be attributed to the aircraft. Tu-160 is the largest military aircraft, which also has the greatest maximum take-off weight. The Russian Air Force includes 16 TU-160 aircraft based in Enthles of the Saratov region.

In 2017, it was decided to fully upgrade Tu-160.

The history of aircraft construction of both military and civilians, there is not much time, however, during this time a huge leap was performed in the technologies used. Over time, passenger liners are increasing, their flight range is increasing, all more complex tasks are superimposed on military aircraft, from transport to combat. Anyway, the aircraft construction will remain one of the most high-tech industries.

One of the giants created in Soviet timeThis, of course, An-124 or Ruslan, as it is also called. If you carefully read the technical characteristics of the An-124 Ruslan aircraft, you will be very impressed with its capabilities. And how not to admire this miracle of technology, which has committed a total of 21 world records.

Load capacity of the Ruslan aircraft and the size of the Ruslan aircraft An-124 in the photo simply amazing imagination. It remains only to be amazed by the technical genius of those who designed it. To date, this is a cargo plane in world aviation.

An-124 was created as the response of the Soviet Union to the US Created Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. In front of the Soviet aircraft designers, a difficult task was faced: to design an airplane capable of transporting cargo weighing up to 150 thousand tons.

But, already in 1970-1971 The drawings of the first two models were presented. Work continued in 1973.When a separate group was formed, which should have been working on an increase in aerodynamic characteristics.

Numerous new technologies were studied and applied, which before this was not developed anywhere in the world.

December 24, 1982 The plane soared into the sky. The world community was presented at the international exhibition in Paris after the plane saw in the media.

An-124 in the drawings.

Everything was produced about 56 models of this aircraft.

The main goal at that time An-124 was passing launchers of ballistic missiles, tanks, etc. That is, it was planned to use it exclusively for military needs.

After the collapse of the USSR such need no longer existed. Therefore, the plane was converted to the needs of commercial, cargo aviation. Many important components of the aircraft underwent modernization - from the cargo compartment to the engines. So born An 124-100.

A little later, the production of aircraft was completely suspended. Cause in insufficiency financial means. After all, almost 100 million dollars need to design one such an aircraft.

In 2000s Attempts on the resumption of the production of An-124 joint efforts of Ukraine and Russia, but in connection with the growth of the conflict between the two countries, they were discontinued.

Specifications An-124

It consists of two decks:

• lower - she loads (1050 cubic meters). It is equipped with loading equipment, and the floor is made of titanium. This allows it to withstand significant loads;
• upper - passenger - there is a crew and employees accompanying the cargo - 21 people.

They are divided by sealed compartments.

Due to the presence of multi-hard chassis ( 24 wheels), the plane can take off from the ground runwayAnd also makes it easier to work during the loading. This helps the fact that the An-124 two trucks - In the nasal and tail of the aircraft.

The onboard system is fully automated. It is equipped in such a way that the aircraft can be controlled almost in all weather conditions, and also allows you to carry the cargo and troops in the hottest points.

Several aircraft were previously used for such purposes from NATO. He can take on board 440 paratroopers and 880 soldiers.

Airplane "Ruslan".

As for the goods, "Ruslan" is able to take on board monogeruz weighing 50 tons, as well as loads with a total weight of 120,000 kg.

Wing scope - 73.3 M., and length - 69.1 M.. His high - 20.78 M.. And how much does the Ruslan aircraft weigh and the weight of the An-124 during takeoff? Nearly 392,000 kg. Maximum weight - 405,000 kg, and when taken with empty cargo compartments - 173 000 kg.

If you take flight characteristics, then his cruising reaches 750-800 km / h. And the maximum can be 865 km / h. Its flight range - 4,500 km.

An-124 models

In total, it was designed 4 models This aircraft. Actually, the An-124 itself, intended for military purposes.

An-124-100From which all military equipment removed, altering it in this way into commercial, cargo.

The latter has yet two modifications:

• An-124 -100m - He has upgraded radio electronic tool, as well as the composition of the crew replaced for 4 people;
• An-124 - 100m-150 - He has all the above characteristics. Plus, he can take the cargo up to 150 tons., and transport it already at distances up to 5,400 km.

In 1989. For the concert of the legendary Pink Floyd group, all their technical equipment was transported precisely on the An-124. Michael Jackson also enjoyed this aircraft, only 4 years later.

It also transported almost 52 tons of gold from the UAE to Switzerland. And in 2011 it was the AN-124 that there were pumps to eliminate the accident on Fukushima.

The list of maximum size aircraft includes both military cargo transport workers and aircraft capable of transporting more than five hundred passengers. Leaders among them are Airbus A380 and Boeing 747.

What models are included in the list of the biggest aircraft?

The list of the world's largest aircraft includes such giants like An-225 and Airbus A380, Boeing 747 and An-22, Ant-20 and Airbus A340-600. All of them at one time became leaders in length or passengerness.

The listed aircraft are created in different countries The world, some of them are transport and cargo, some are created only for the carriage of passengers. The need for high capacity aircraft is growing from year to year, which is associated with the desire of people to travel, learn new countries, discover new continents.

Hughes H-4 Hercules

To date, the plane with the greatest wings is Hughes H-4 Hercules. It was built in 1947 from a tree. It was assumed that it would be able to carry no less seven hundred fifty servicemen with full equipment.

The height of this Wooden Giant is twenty-four meters, length - sixty-six meters forty-five centimeters, when the wings are wing ninety-eight meters. Today, Hughes H-4 Hercules is located in Oregon and is the exhibit of the museum.

An-225

In the world there is only one aircraft An-225. His second name is "Mriya". In the eighties, it was created in Ukraine for air transport and is a cargo aircraft. His weight Limit takeoff - six hundred forty tons.

The dimensions of "Mriya" are affected. With a height of twenty-four meters ten centimeters and the length of seventy-three meters, its wings are equal to almost eighty eight and a half meters. It is known that the construction of the second such aircraft is underway.

Airbus A380

The leader among passenger aircraft in terms of capacity is the airclayer with the name Airbus A380. His creator is Airbus S.A.S. Passengers in this aircraft are placed on two decks.

Being the largest among serially produced airliners, this fuel combustion is also the most economical. A hundred kilometers of the way the fuel consumption for each of the passengers is equal to three liters.

An-124.

The An-124 aircraft, called the same "Ruslan", is one of the largest load-enforced aircraft in the world. This giant is used as a military aircraft. Length "Ruslan" - sixty-nine meters of ten centimeters, height - a little more than twenty-one meters when wing wings seventy-three meters thirty centimeters.

Lockheed C-5 Galaxy

LOCKHEED C-5 GALAXY was considered the largest among the produced serial transport and cargo aircraft to 1982. It is used today by the US Army and is able to transport at least two hundred seventy soldiers.

This plane is gaining a height of up to ten kilometers and can overcome a distance of five thousand six hundred kilometers without refueling. Maximum speedwhich Lockheed C-5 Galaxy can develop nine hundred and twenty kilometers.

Boeing 777-300ER

The record holder for the ability to fly without refueling is the Boeing 777-300er, which can make a flight for a distance of twenty one thousand six hundred one kilometer. This passenger airliner was developed in the 1990s, and four years later he made his first trial departure, the operation began in 1995.

Among the two-dimensional jet passenger aircraft Boeing 777-300ER remains the biggest. He can take on his board from three hundred and five hundred and fifty people.

Airbus A340-600.

A large passenger four-voice aircraft is called Airbus A340-600. It was created for intercontinental flights and could fly without extra refueling for a distance of fourteen thousand six hundred kilometers.

The height of the liner is seventeen meters of thirty centimeters, the length is seventy-five meters of thirty centimeters, and the wingspan are sixty-three and a half meters.

Boeing 747.

The largest, roomy and heavy passenger airliner At the time of its creation, Boeing 747 was considered. This record he kept for thirty-seven years, until he was overtaken by Airbus A380.

Boeing 747 is also the record holder in the world. It is known that more than one and a half thousand such airliners were released.

The largest passenger aircraft in the world

As you know, the most comfortable and fast travel is the aircraft. For this reason, many modifications of passenger aircraft. The biggest among them remained, released in 1969, passenger Boeing. 747. Initially, its capacity was four hundred fifty-two passengers, and after the modification, it increased to five hundred and sixty eight.

In 2005, a new supercharged large aircraft appeared - this is Airbus A380. Surprisingly, its capacity is equal to eight hundred fifty to two passengers. They are placed on two decks. The wings of this airliner with four engines is without small eighty meters, the height is twenty-four meters, and the length is seventy-three meters. It surprises the weight of this "giant" - without passengers he weighs almost two hundred seventy-seven tons and is able to fly fifteen thousand two hundred kilometers, without stopping for refueling.

And the largest cargo plane is called An-225 "Mriya". He was done in the USSR. .
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An-225 "Mriya" (translated from the Ukrainian - "Dream") is the most severe load-based aircraft, ever rising in the air. The maximum driving weight of the aircraft is 640 tons. The reason for the construction of An-225 was the need to create aviation transport system For the project of the Soviet Reusable Space Ship "Buran". The aircraft exists in a single copy.

The plane was designed in the USSR and built in 1988 at the Kiev Mechanical Plant.

"Mriya" installed the world's weight gain and lifting capacity. On March 22, 1989, An-225 made a flight with a load of 156.3 tons, thereby having broken down at the same time 110 world aviation records, which is a record in itself.

From the beginning of operation, the plane flew 3740 hours. If we assume that the average flight rate (taking into account the take-off, set of height, cruising flight, reduction, landing approach) is about 500 km / h, then it is possible to calculate the approximate value of a kilometer traveled: 500 x 3740 \u003d 1,870,000 km (more than 46 turns around the Earth by Equator).

The scales of the An-225 are amazed: the length of the aircraft is 84 meters, height - 18 meters (as a 6-storey 4-accessible house)

Visual comparison of "Mriy" and passenger Boeing 747.

If you take the largest of the Boeing 747-800 as the basis, the length of the An-225 will be greater than 8 meters, and the wing span is 20 meters.
Compared to Airbus A380 "Mriya" longer than 11 meters, and in the wing, the wing surpasses almost 9 meters.

It happens that the airport has no corresponding parking for such a large aircraft, and it is put right on the runway.
Of course, we are talking about the spare runway, if there is a tax on the airport.

Wing scope is 88.4 meters, and area - 905 m²

The only aircraft, superior to the An-225 wing, is Hughes H-4 Hercules, which refers to the class of flying boats. In the air, the ship rose only once in 1947. The history of this aircraft was reflected in the film "Aviator"

Since the Burand spacecraft itself and the Bluket carrier blocks "Energy" had dimensions, exceeding the size of the Mary cargo compartment, on the new aircraft provided for the fastening of cargo outside. In addition, it was planned that the plane would be used as the first stage at the start of the spacecraft.

The formation of a sensate jet from the large-sized cargo attached at the top of the aircraft required to establish the tail of twokylev to avoid aerodynamic shading.

On the aircraft installed 6 engines D-18T.
On the take-off mode, each engine develops a thrust of 23.4 tons (or 230 kN) that is, the total thrust of all 6 engines is 140.5 tons (1380 kN)

It can be assumed that each engine on the take-off mode develops the power of about 12,500 horsepower!

The engines of the drive of the An-225 aircraft are the same as on An-124 Ruslan.
The height of such an engine is 3 m, width 2.8 m, and weight of more than 4 tons.

Startup system - air, with electrical automatic control. Auxiliary power plant consisting of two TA-12 turbines installed in the left and right chassis fairing provides autonomous power supply of all systems and start engines.

The mass of fuel in the tanks is 365 tons, it is located in 13 wing pots-keesons.
The plane can stay in the air of 18 hours and overcome the distance over 15,000 km.

The time of refueling such a car varies in the range from half an hour to one and a half days, and the amount of telicraft depends on their capacity (from 5 to 50 tons), i.e. from 7 to 70 tankers.

Airplane fuel consumption is 15.9 tons / h (in cruising mode)
With full loading, the plane can be in the sky without refueling no more than 2 hours.

The chassis includes a two-piece nasal and 14-rack main (7 racks on each side) support.
Each rack is located two wheels. Total 32 wheels.

Wheels require replacement every 90 landings.
Tires for "Mriya" produce on the Yaroslavl bus factory. The price of one tire is about $ 1000.

On the nasal rack - wheels with dimensions of 1120 x 450 mm, and on the main wheel with dimensions of 1270 x 510 mm.
The pressure inside is 12 atmospheres.

Since 2001, An-225 has been performing commercial freight transportation as part of Antonov Airlines airline

Cargo cabin sizes: length - 43 m, width - 6.4 m, height - 4.4 m.
The cargo cabin of the aircraft is sealed, which allows the transportation of goods of various types. Inside the cabin can accommodate 16 standard containers, up to 80 passenger cars And even heavy dump trucks like "BelAZ". There is enough space here to fit the entire body of Boeing-737.

Access in the cargo compartment is carried out through the nasal part of the aircraft, which leans upstairs.

The opening / closing process of the freight compartment ramp takes no more than 10 minutes.

To lay the ramp, the plane carries out the so-called "elephant bow."
The front chassis rack deviates forward, and the aircraft weight is transferred to the auxiliary supports, which are installed under the front threshold of the cargo cabin.

Auxiliary support.

The control panel of the "squat" system.

This boot method has a number of advantages in comparison with Boeing-747 (loading to which is carried out through the compartment in the lateral part of the fuselage.

"Mriya" - a record holder in weight of transported cargo: commercial - 247 tons (which is four times the maximum paying load of Boeing-747), a commercial monogrous - 187.6 tons, and the absolute record capacity record is 253.8 tons. On June 10, 2010, the longest cargo was transported in the history of air transportation - two wind turbines with a length of 42.1 m each.

To ensure safe flight, the center of severity of the aircraft with the cargo must be within certain limits by its length. The logwrier master performs loading in strict accordance with the instructions, after which the second pilot checks the correctness of the accommodation of the cargo and reports the crew commander, which decides on the possibility of flight fulfillment and is responsible for this.

The aircraft is equipped with a onboard loading complex consisting of four lifting mechanisms, with a carrying capacity of each in 5 tons.
In addition, two floor winches are provided for loading non-self-interest wheels and goods on the loading plating.

This time, An-225 chartered the French engineering company Alstom for transportation of 170 tons of cargo from Swiss Zurich to Bahrain with refueling in Athens and Cairo.

This is a turbine rotor, a turbogenerator for the production of electricity and components.

Flight manager Vadim Nikolaevich Denisov.

For towing the An-225 aircraft, it is impossible to use drove aircraft other firms, so drove is transported aboard the aircraft.

And since the aircraft is not equipped with a rear speakerphone and the towing drill is unloaded and loaded through the front load friend, which requires the fulfillment of the full cycle of the aircraft squatting on the front support, then as a result, at least 30 minutes is lost and the resource of the aircraft and squat system is unreasonably consumed.

Brigadier technician at that time Sun.

To ensure reversal when moving the aircraft on Earth, the four last rows of the main support racks are made oriented.

Technician for Sun: Specialization "Hydraulic System and Chassis".

The large weight of the aircraft leads to the fact that the chassis leave traces on the asphalt.

Staircase and hatch into the crew cockpit.

The passenger compartment is divided into 2 parts: in the front there is a crew of the aircraft, and in the rear - accompanying and attendant personnel.
Sealing Cabin separators - they are separated by the wing.

The back of the cabin accompanying is designed to eat, working with technical documentation and holding conferences.
The plane provides 18 seats for recreation members of the crew and members of the engineering team - 6 seats in the front cabin and 12 in the rear.

The staircase and the hatch in the cockpit accompanying the aircraft.

The technical compartment located in the back of the crew cockpit.

On the shelves are visible blocks that ensure the operation of various aircraft systems, and pipelines of the supervision and air conditioning system and the anti-icing system. All aircraft systems are highly automated and require minimal crew intervention during operation. Their work is supported by 34 onboard computers.

The wall of the front side member of the centerlane. It is installed on it: the transmissions of the predosels and air selection pipelines from the engines.
In front of it, stationary cylinders of the fire protection system with fireing composition "Coldon".

Stickers - Souvenirs from numerous visitors on the panel on the sash hatch of emergency leaving of the aircraft.

The most remote point from the baseline airport, in which you managed to visit the aircraft, is the island of Tahiti, which is part of French Polynesia..
The distance along the shortest arc of the globe is about 16400 km.

Randa An-225
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mason referred to in Gravirovka - Engineer of Sun, which worked for a lot of years on "Mriy".

Aircraft commander (KVC) - Vladimir Yurevich Mosin.

To become an An-225 commander, you need to experience flight experience on the An-124 plane as a commander at least 5 years.

The mass control and centering is simplified by setting on the chassis of the weight load measurement system.

The crew of the aircraft consists of 6 people:
The commander of the aircraft, the second pilot, the navigator, the older bentor, the flight engineer on aircraft equipment, the Bordardist.

To reduce efforts on ores and improve the accuracy of installing engine operation modes, a remote control system of the engines is provided. At the same time, the pilot makes a relatively slight force so that with the help of cables, move the lever of the electromechanical device installed on the engine, which reproduces it to move on the fuel controller lever with the necessary effort and accuracy. For the convenience of joint management on take-off and landing the ore of extreme engines (ore1 and ores) are connected respectively with ore2 and ore5.

Steering wheel control the biggest aircraft in the world.

Airplane control booster. The steering surfaces are deflected exclusively using hydraulic steering drives, with the failure of which to control the aircraft manually (with an increase in the necessary effort) is impossible. Therefore, fourfold reservation was applied. The mechanical part of the control system (from the steering and pedals to hydraulic steering) consists of rigid and cables.
The total length of these cables is: the control systems of the airone in the fuselage - about 30 meters, in each console (left, right) wing - approximately 35 meters; Height steering and steering steering systems - about 65 meters each.

With an empty aircraft - enough to take off and landing is enough 2400 m of the runway.
Take off with a maximum weight - 3500 m, landing with a maximum weight - 3300 m.

At the executive start, engine warming begins, which takes 10 minutes.

Thus, the engine is prevented on the takeoff and its maximum take-off thrust is provided. Of course, this requirement leads to the fact that the takeoff is carried out during the minimum airport workload, or the aircraft is waiting for its turn on take off, skipping flights on schedule.

The speed of takeoff and landing depends on the take-off and landing mass of the aircraft and is 240km / h to 280 km / h.

The height set is carried out at a speed of 560 km / h, with a vertical speed of 8 m / s.

At an altitude of 7100 meters, the speed increases to 675 km / h with a further continuation of a set of height to flight echelon.

Cruising speed An-225 - 850 km / h
When calculating cruising speed takes into account the mass of the aircraft and the range of flight, which the plane must overcome.

Dmitry Viktorovich Antonov - Senior FCC.

The middle panel of the dashboard of pilots.

Backup devices: Aviagorizont and height pointer. Fuel lever position indicator (UPTI), engine thrust indicator (UT). Indicators of the deviation of steering surfaces and runways (preds, flaps, interceptors).

Dashboard of the older bentner.

In the lower left corner, the side panel with the control bodies of the hydraulic complex and the signaling of the chassis position. Left at the top of the fire protection system panel. To the right at the top of the panel with organs and control devices: the launch of the Armed Forces, the superior and air conditioning system, the anti-icing system and the signaling board block. At the bottom of the panel with the controls and control of the fuel system, engine control and onboard automated control system (Basque) of all parameters of the aircraft.

Senior onboard engineer - Polishchuk Alexander Nikolaevich.

Engine control instrument panel.

On the left, at the top of the vertical position of the position of the fuel levers. Large round appliances - high-pressure compressor revolutions and engine fan. Little Round Devices - Oil Temperators at the engine inlet. The block of vertical devices at the bottom is the pointers of the amount of oil in the engine oil.

Dashboard engineer in aircraft equipment.
Here are the management and control devices for the control system of the aircraft and an oxygen system.

Navigator - Anatoly Binyatovich Abdullayev.

Flying over the territory of Greece.

Instructor navigator - Yaroslav Ivanovich Kositsky.

Bordistist - Gennady Yuryevich Antipov.
Call sign ICAO for An-225 on the flight from Zurich to Athens was ADB-3038.

On-board engineer - Yuri Anatolyevich Medary.

WFP Airport Athens.

Landing at night on "Mriye" is carried out tool, that is, on the instruments, from the altitude of alignment and before the touch - visually. According to the crew, one of the most complex landings - in Kabul, which is associated with a high mountain and a multitude of obstacles. The occasion starts at a speed of 340 km / h to a height of 200 meters, then gradually the speed is discarded.

Landing is carried out at a speed of 295 km / h with a fully released mechanization. WFP is allowed at a vertical speed of 6 m / s. After touching the runway, the reverse thrust on the engines from 2 to 5, and 1 and 6 are left in small gas. Braking chassis is carried out at a speed of 140-150 km / h until the aircraft stops.

The resource of the aircraft is 8000 flight hours, 2,000 attacks-landing, 25 calendar years.

The plane can still fly until December 21, 2013 (marks 25 years from the beginning of its operation), after which a careful study of its technical condition will be carried out and the necessary work is carried out to ensure the extension of the calendar service life under 45.

Due to the high cost of transportation on the An-225, orders appear only for very long and very heavy loads, when transportation by terrestrial modes is impossible. Flights are random: from 2-3 per month, up to 1-2 per year. Periodically there are conversations about the construction of the second instance of the An-225 aircraft, but this requires the appropriate order and the corresponding financing. To complete the construction, an amount is needed approximately equal to $ 90 million, and taking into account the tests, it increases to $ 120 million.

Perhaps this is one of the most beautiful and impressive aircraft in the world.

Thanks "Antonov Airlines" for helping in organizing photographing!
Special thanks to Denishov Vadim Nikolaevich for help writing text to post!