On the night of April 14, 1912, the largest and chic liner in the history of mankind on all pairs of launched to the shores of North America. Nothing foreshadowed the death of Titanic. On the upper deck in the exquisite restaurant played an orchestra. The richest and most successful people drank champagne and enjoyed beautiful weather.
Nothing foreshadowed trouble
A few minutes later, the hellebore was noticed. A little later, "Titanic", the ship of giant sizes will face drifting iceberg, and after some time everything will be over. So begins the great mystery of the Big Ship. The next day, the death of Titanic will become a legend, and his story will be the greatest mystery of the 20th century.
International Sensation
In the morning of the next day, the office of the company owner "Titanic" stormed dozens of newspaper reporters. They wanted to know the place of the death of the "Titanic" and demanded clarification. Relatives of passengers of the ocean liner were indignation. A short telegram from Cape flight reported: "At 23 o'clock local time, the largest ship" Titanic "handed over a distress signal." The President of the company Laster Whites reassured reporters: "Liner is not optical!" But the next day, all world newspapers are sent to sensational messages: "The safest" Titanic "(ship) drowned in the Ice Bunch of the Atlantic Ocean. On the fifth day of its tragic flight liner, 1513 human lives with him.
Catastrophe investigation
The death of "Titanic" shocked both sides of the Atlantic. The question why "Titanic" was at the bottom, does not give peace and to today. From the very beginning, people wanted to know in detail, what is the cause of the death of "Titanic". But the court decision was reading: "Liner flew to Iceberg and went to the bottom."
"Titanic" (the sizes of the ship, by the way, were very impressive) died from a banal clash with an ice floating boulder. It seemed incredible.
Estimated versions of tragic death
The point in the history of this catastrophe has not yet been delivered. Fresh versions of the death of "Titanic" arise even today, after a century. There are several probable assumptions. Each of them deserves close attention. The first version states that the Atlantic Day lies another sunken liner. It sounds like fiction, but this version of the death of the "Titanic" has real bases.
Some researchers argue that on the ocean day, the Titanic Ship is not at all, and its twin, Liner Olimpik. The version seems fantastic, but it is not deprived of evidence.
Ocean Monster Great Britain
On December 16, 1908, the firstbaste was laid in Belfast - the "Olympic" steamer, later - "Titanic" (the sizes of the ship reached without a small 270 meters in length) with a displacement of 66 thousand tons.
Until now, the representatives of the shipyard consider it the most advanced project that has ever been implemented. The ship was height with the eleven-story house, and a length covering four small urban quarters. This ocean monster was equipped with two 4-cylinder steam machines and a steam turbine.
Its capacity was 50,000 horsepower, 10,000 light bulbs, 153 electric motors, four elevators were connected to an electrical network of liner, four elevators, each of which was designed for 12 people, there were a large number of phones. The ship was truly innovative for his time. Silent elevators, steam heating, winter garden, several photo laboratory and even a hospital with an operating room.
Comfort and respectableness
Interior decoration resembled, rather, a fashionable palace than a ship. Passengers have dinner in a luxury restaurant in Louis XVI, and the coffee drank on the sun-filled veranda with curly plants. Bridge Party was played in spacious halls, and elite cigars smoked in soft smoking rooms.
At the "Titanic" there was a rich library, a gym and even pool. Nowadays, a business class ticket for Titanic would cost 55 thousand dollars. The liner became the flagship of White Star Line.
Almost the same for the comfort and technical characteristics of the Liner "Olympic" without a fight gave way to the championship. It was he who had to become a star of transatlantic flights. But frequent accidents made it an outsider, and endless penalties, legal proceedings and repairs cost only added headaches.
Independent version
The decision was obvious: send instead of the "Olympic" who had no insurance policy, the new insured "Titanic". The history of the "Olympic" ship was very non-primable. However, just changing the signs on liners, similar as two drops of water, it was possible to solve several problems at once. The main thing is to pay insurance in the amount of one million pounds sterling, which could correct the financial affairs of the company.
Little accident, big money, business done. People should not suffer, because the liner is not optical. In the event of an accident, the ship will fall into the drift, and the court passing by the trial ocean road will take all passengers.
Strange passenger behavior
The main real proof of this unprecedented scam is considered to be denied a trip of 55 passengers of the first class. Among those who stayed on the shore were:
- John Morgan, the owner of the liner.
- Henry Friton, steel tycoon and partner.
- Robert Breckon, US Ambassador to France.
- Famous Bogach George Vanderbild.
The mystery of the death of the "Titanic" has an indirect confirmation of the version of insurance springs, namely the strange behavior of Captain Edward Smith, who, by the way, was the captain of Olimpik during his first flights.
Last Captain
Edward Smith was considered one of the best coupons of his time. Working on "White Star Line", he received about 1,200 pounds per year. Other captains did not earn half of this money. However, Smith's career was far from cloudless. Many times the trial, which he managed, got into all sorts of accidents, sat down on a stranded or burned.
It was Edward Smith that commanded Olimpik in 1911, when an uninsured ocean liner came into serious accidents several times. But Smith managed not only to avoid punishment, but even get an increase.
He became the captain of Titanic. Whether the company's management could, know about the previous Captain mistakes, appoint it to Titanic, and only one flight? Could she use a compromising on the captain so that in the case of disobedience with the scandal to dismiss a person who brought the company huge losses?
Perhaps the captain chose between a shameful write-off ashore in front of the pension itself and participation in the scam invented by the authorities. It was the last flight for Edward Smith.
What did the first assistant thought about?
Another inexplicable mystery of the death of "Titanic" is the strange behavior of William Murdok, the first assistant captain. Murdoch Vakhtu on the night of the accident. When he received a message about the hopeless Iceberg, then he gave an order to send the ship to the left and turn on the reverse, which is strictly prohibited.
Is it possible that the first assistant captain was mistaken and this is the cause of the death of "Titanic"? But Murdoch was already faced with a similar situation and was always correct, directing the vessel with his nose to an obstacle. In all seafood textbooks, this maneuver is described as the only true in this situation.
On that last flight for Titanic, the senior assistant captain entered otherwise. As a result, the main blow was not in the nose, where the most durable place has the ship, but in its side. Almost one hundred meters of right side revealed like a tin can.
"Titanic", the history of the death of which is described in less than ten seconds, was almost dead. It is so much time it took to bring a mortal sentence to the largest and most beautiful ship in the world. Why Murdoch made a fatal error? If we assume that he also conspited, then the answer to the death of the "Titanic" is itself.
What did the owners of the liner hid?
Today it is impossible to prove the version of the insurance scam today, White Star Line has been closed, the Olympic ship was allowed on scrap metal, and all the documentation was destroyed. But even if we assume that the death of "Titanic" was not adjusted, it was certainly not without human error.
Mysterious
Many years have passed since the "Titanic sank". The history of the ship, however, received a continuation in 1997, when the key was sold at the London auction for one hundred thousand pounds. He opened only one box on the "Titanic", but it was this key that did not turn out that the fatal night aboard the liner. Chain of strange circumstances, a series of fatal coincidences and simply human negligence was accompanied by a superliner from the very beginning to the end of its first and last flight.
Well, the subject sold for fabulous money on the London auction was the usual key from an ordinary drawer. It was kept in it, with which it was possible to recognize a threatening ship a danger, - binoculars.
Forgetful Starpom
The thing is that locators appeared only in the 30s of the last century. And at that time, his functions performed the human eye. From the highest point on the ship, the sailor continuously looked forward along the ship. In a liner weighing 66 thousand tons, walking at a speed of 45 km / h, very low handling, and the earlier the danger will notice, the more chances to avoid it. An ordinary binoculars was the only help.
Starp Blair for unknown reasons at the last moment was removed from the vessel. Upset, he simply forgot to convey the shifter key from the box where binoculars were stored.
Meeting with Unusual Iceberg
Forwards, I had to count only on your own dormantia. They noticed the iceberg too late when it was almost impossible to change the situation. In addition, this iceberg was distinguished from others, he was black.
During the drift, the huge block of ice was attributed and turned over. The absorbent ton of water Iceberg became dark. It was incredibly difficult to notice. If that fatal for the "Titanic" of the iceberg was white, perhaps the sentires would see it much earlier. Especially if they had binoculars.
"Titanic": the history of death, the beginning of events
But the strangest thing that the command of the ship could learn about the possibility of a collision with Iceberg much earlier than this was reported to the reference.
Radines, voice and hearing "Titanic" have repeatedly received a message about the drifting in the area of \u200b\u200bthe ice. An hour before the conference noted Aisberg, a radist of the "California" steamer warned of possible danger. But on the "Titanic" roughly broke the connection.
Even earlier, a few hours before the collision, Captain Edward Smith personally read three telegrams warning about the ice floes. But they were all ignored.
Interrupted the chain of human miscalculations, Officer Murdoch, who gave the fatal order: "Full back! Left steering. In the case of the frontal collision of the "Titanic" with the iceberg time for the evacuation of passengers it would be significantly more. Perhaps the ship could stay afloat.
Human negligence
Next errors followed one after another. The order of evacuation was given only 45 minutes after the collision. Passengers asked to put on the rescue belt, and gather on the upper deck at the boats. And then suddenly it turned out that at the Titanic, only twenty boats, in which no more than 1,300 people, 48 rescue circles and cork vests for each passenger and crew members could accommodate.
However, vests were useless for the northern areas of the Atlantic. A man who fell into cold water, after half an hour he died from supercooling.
Prophetic fantastic predictions
Immediately after the catastrophe, the whole world was shocked by an incredible coincidence. Date of the death of "Titanic" - April 15, 1912. And over fourteen years before the tragedy, no one famous London journalist Morgan Robertson finished his new novel. The fiction writer was talking about the journey and the death of a huge in its size of the transatlantic liner "Titan": "The cold April night on the complete move a steamer ran to Iceberg and sank." Moreover, the science fiction writer accurately pointed the place of the death of "Titatika".
The novel turned out to be prophetic, and the science fiction was dubbed by Nostradamus XX century. The book really turned out to be a lot of coincidences: ship displacement, its limiting speed, and even the number of screws and rescue boats.
Moreover, a few years later, the writer published his new novel, in which he predicted the war in the United States and Japan.
Another coincidence: a copy of the book about the ship "Titan" was on the vessel of one Kochegar. The sailor read it in the first days of the flight, and he was impressed as the plot that he simply escaped in one of the ports. And it was not the only member of the crew, escaped from the "Titanic".
It remains a mystery: whether everyone who escaped, before that they read the book, whether they had more good reasons.
Evidence of eyewitness tragedy
Immediately after the collapse of the "Titanic" in England and the United States, special commissions were created to investigate its causes. The surviving passengers told about loud cotton, which heard after the collision with Iceberg. It was like an explosion. According to one of the versions, a fire raised in the coal liner bunker.
Some researchers believe that it began even before "Titanic" left the port, others are confident that the fire broke out during the swim.
A little of the story
Britain was transformed during the technical revolution. Starting from the 30s of the 19th century, the Atlantic began to cross the trade ships on the steam line. The technology turned out to be promising, and in the Admiralty Kingdom came to the conclusion that the pair will make a sailing fleet outdated.
When there were reports in London that in France, which also entered into the struggle for maritime dominance, there were already tests of the steam engine, the British had no choice but to accept the challenge. First, large rowing wheels were used, which were installed on different sides of the sides.
For the first time replacing the rowing wheel appeared approximately ten years later, in the 40s of the XIX century. Shipbuilders concluded that the screw is much more efficient than the wheel. Only after its invention and premises under the bottom of the ship, steam rod has become a decisive advantage.
But in most cases it remained experienced developments, sometimes an innovation was used on warships. The mass spread of steam engines were obtained only in the 20th century, and the coal was the only fuel. In the future, the transition from coal to the fuel oil will be a step to the next level of development.
But during the days of the Olympic class superliners, ships with an internal combustion engine were as rare as the steam engine of the first half of the XIX century. Whatever it was, the fire on board should not have affected the life of the ship and his passengers. The liner could not be any emergencies, the same "Titanic".
Further development of events
Captain Smith ordered localize the bunker in which the fire was raging. Due to the lack of oxygen, the fire should have gone, the problem would be resolved by itself. Fire on board is a fairly good reason to drive a liner to the nearest port. But when "Titanic" flew to Iceberg, he spent the trimming of the ship, and the bunker got oxygen. There was a powerful explosion.
After many years, after the underwater study of the remains of the ship, this version has additional arguments. A huge spill passes exactly where coal compartments were.
For the first time, the fire version appeared on the pages of American newspapers before the surviving passengers and members of the Titanic crew were delivered to New York. Without having an actual material, but using only rumors, the news makers composed the most incredible stories about the tragedy.
In any case, when they interrogated the stake, they denied the fact of the emergence of a fire, although it would seem, after the catastrophe they had nothing to hide. On the other hand, according to some evidence, Captain Smith descended into the boiler room and ordered everyone to be silent about the burning corner.
What really happened to the gigantic liner, we do not yet know. "Titanic", the history of the death of which became the plot of documentary and artistic films, will always be interested in future generations.
New version of liner death
The nature of the fault of the "Titanic" not only hesitates the version of the fire in the hold, but also allows some researchers to make an unexpected assumption.
Liner sank another ship. At the beginning of the 20th century, a new secret weapon was tested in the seas. Perhaps a torpedo hit "Titanic".
The version seems unusual, but the facts of faults and ripped edges, which could turn out as a result of a torpedo attack, are forced to relate to her seriously. If "Titanic" was still torpedoing, it remains only to hope that someday researchers get to that part of the ship, the study of which will help shed light on this version.
Date of the death of "Titanic" - April 15, 1912. On this day, but in different years the following catastrophes occurred:
- 1989 - Dava in the English stadium "Hillsboro".
- 2000 - a plane crash in the Philippines, 129 people were victims.
- 2002 - a plane crash in Korea, which took 129 human lives.
What tragic events will give us life next time?
The cause of the collapse of the largest ocean liner of his time "Titanic" could be fire in the fuel storage.
Tragic legend of "Titanic"
According to the British journalist Shannon Moloni, who studied the history of the ship thirty years, the fire on board arose before the release of the vessel from Southampton, for several weeks he was unsuccessful to put out. During this time, the liner is heated, because of which the collision with the iceberg ended so crying.
According to The Independent newspaper, the journalist managed, made before the start of the Titanic travel. Molona discovered traces of soot in the place of the trim, which was subsequently damaged because of the collision with Iceberg. According to experts, with great probability they arose due to fire in one of the fuel storage of the liner.
According to the researcher, the owners of the vessel knew about the fire, but they hid this fact from passengers. The team was also ordered to be silent about the fire. According to Shannon Moloni, as a result of the effects of fire, the ship's lining was heated to a temperature of about 1000 degrees Celsius, which made steel, lost up to 75 percent of the strength, extremely breaking.
According to the journalist, when on the fifth day of the trip "Titanic" collided with iceberg, the sheathing could not stand it, a huge breakdown arose aboard. Therefore, the iceberg cannot be considered the only culprit of the catastrophe, which killed on April 15, 1912 of the life of more than 1,500 people.
Note, "" belonged to the British company "White Star Line". At the time of the construction, he was considered the largest passenger liner in the world, and, in addition, it was not crowded. On May 31, 1911, the liner was laid on the water. "The Lord himself will not be able to sink this ship!" - His captain Edward John Smith spoke about the vessel.
A year later, with a small "Titanic" went to his first flight. There were 2224 people on board: 1316 passengers and 908 crew members. On April 14, 1912, the steamer collided with Iceberg and after 2 hours 40 minutes sank. 711 people saved, 1513 died ...
With Icebergs, everything is not so simple. Usually, Greenland icebergs are stuck in shallow water off the coast of Labrador and Newfoundland and float further to the south only after it is thus attached, often under the influence of tides. However, in the case of the "Titanic" at once, several large icebergs managed to swim far south.
The physicist Donald Olson from the University of Texas (USA) and his colleagues were investigated by the oceanograph of the Okeanograf Fergus Wood, who claimed that the icebergs were removed from the mongrels with a tide in January 1912, when the moon was unusually close to Earth. By mid-April, rocky ice mountain reached a collision site.
Indeed, says Olson, on January 4, 1912, the Luna approached Earth at the close distance over the past 1400 years. On the eve of the land as close as possible with the sun. The moon and the sun were in such a position when their mutual gravity impact on Earth increased. Obeying the strength of the tide, the iceberg killer broke off from Greenland and drove into the path.
At the same time, one of the greatest mysteries associated with the death of Titanic, is more than frivolous behavior of the captain of the Edward Smith liner. An experienced sea wolf, repeatedly rocking water of the North Atlantic, for some reason did not pay attention to the warning about the approaching icebergs. Perhaps he simply did not believe the information about them.
Although the case may be in the other. The hypothesis, in the root changing the history of the catastrophe, belongs to two researchers - a fan of Robin Gardnera (for the main profession - plaster) and the historian Dan Van der Watu. Having studied the archives of the sea fleet for 50 years, they came to the conclusion that it actually died not "Titanic", but another ship - "Olympic"! The latter was built almost simultaneously with the "Titanic" and on the same shipyards. But from the very first days, this ship chased trouble. When it was launched on October 20, 1910, he crashed into a dam. The owner of the vessel of Bruce Ismy and the owner of the shipyard "Harland and Walf" Lord Pirri was forced to pay for the repair and compensation for damage a considerable amount that almost broke them.
Being in swimming, "Olympic" has repeatedly hit the accident. After that, no insurance company has already taken to insure the "damned ship". And then, the Ismai and Pirri conceived the "Asphar of the Century" - send "Olympic" under the name "Titanic" in swimming in the Atlantic and, when he will wreck, get insurance for him - 52 million pounds sterling!
The owners have no doubt that their plan will succeed. To protect the passengers, they intended to send another vessel on the same route, which, being there allegedly chance, will pick passengers and the crew. But not to cause any suspicions, shipowners decided that the "rescue" ship will spraterally from the pier no earlier than a week after the start of the navigation. Alas, we had to wait just three days ...
The captain of the imaginary "Titanic" Edward John Smith was ready to fulfill any order of bosses. So, a few hours before the tragedy, binoculars seized at duty observers. And a few minutes before the crash, Smith allegedly ordered to turn the liner on the side of the iceberg. It seemed that he tried to provide a catastrophe!
The further history of the "Titanic" (or a false "Titanic") is known to us. And what happened to the real "Titanic"? According to Gardner and Van der Wat, that by a different name was safely floating first as part of the royal sea forces, then "White Star Line" acquired him. The ship has written off ashore in 1935.
Is the "his" death (either the ship that everyone accepted for "Titanic")? Or did he "help" crash? We, most likely, never know. Of course, the "conspiracy theory", and the "lunar hypothesis" is nothing more than version. But the fact remains: "Titanic" drowned. And, whatever led to his death, change the tragic fate of this vessel, we are no longer able to ...
"Titanic" died by death (either the ship that was all taken for "Titanic") died? Or did he "help" crash? We, most likely, never know. Of course, the "conspiracy theory", and the "lunar hypothesis" is nothing more than version. But the fact remains: "Titanic" drowned. And, whatever led to his death, change the tragic fate of this vessel, we are no longer able to ...
On April 10, 1912, the Liner "Titanic" went from the Southampton port from the Southampton port in his first and last swimming, which 4 days later collided with Iceberg. For almost 1496 tragedy, we know in many ways thanks to the film, but let's get acquainted with the real stories of Titanic passengers.
Titanic's passenger deck was gathered for real cream of society: millionaires, actors and writers. Not everyone could afford to buy a class ID ticket - the price was $ 600,000 at current prices.
The passengers of the 3rd class bought tickets for only $ 35 ($ 650 today), therefore the third decks are not to rise. In the fatal night, the division into classes turned out to be more than ever tangible ...
One of the first to the rescue boat jumped Bruce Ismea is the general director of the company "White Star Line", which also owned by Titanic. The boat designed for 40 people despair from the side only with twelve.
After the disaster, the Ismea was accused of having sat down in a rescue boat bypassing women and children, as well as the fact that it was he who gave the captain of Titanic instructions to increase the speed, which led to the tragedy. The court justified him.
William Ernest Carter sat on the board "Titanic" in Sumpegmpton, together with his wife Lucy and two children Lucy and William, as well as two dogs.
On the night of the catastrophe, he was at a party in the first-class ship's restaurant, and after a collision, together with his comrades, he went to the deck, where the boats were already preparing. At first, William put a daughter in a boat No. 4, but when the sown's turn came, they were waiting for problems.
Right in front of them in the boat, 13-year-old John Raison was sat down, after which the officer who was responsible for the landing ordered not to take adolescent boys. Lucy Carter loosened his hat on the 11-year-old son and sat down with him.
When the planting process ended and the boat began to descend into water, Carter and himself quickly sat down with another passenger. It was them that he was already mentioned Bruce Ism.
The 21-year-old Robert Moneyi worked by the maid of the Countess and sailed on the "Titanic" with her mistress in the first grade.
On board, she became acquainted with the brave young steward from the ship of the ship, and soon young people fell in love with each other. When "Titanic" began to sink, the steward rushed into the cabin Roberts, brought her to a boat deck and planted into the boat, giving her his life jacket.
He himself died, like many other crew members, and Robert picked up the ship "Carpathia", on which she walked to New York. Only there, in the pocket of the coat, she found a star icon, which at the time of parting the steward put her in his pocket in memory of himself.
Emily Richards sailed along with two little sons, mom, brother and sister to her husband. At the time of the catastrophe, the woman slept in the cabin along with his children. Woke their cries of a mother who ran into the cabin after the collision.
Richards miraculously was able to climb into the descent boat No. 4 through the window. When "Titanic" completely sank, passengers of her boat managed to pull out more seven more people from icy water, two of whom, unfortunately, soon died of frostbite.
In the first grade traveled by the famous American businessman Isidore Strauss with his wife. Straas were married for 40 years and never parted.
When the officer of the ship suggested a family to sit in the boat, Isidor refused, deciding to give way to women and children, but Ida also followed him
Instead, the Strausy put their maid in the boat. The body of Isidore was identified by the wedding ring, the body of Ida was not found.
Two orchestra played on Titanic: Quintet under the leadership of the 33-year-old British violinist Hartley and an additional trio of musicians, which was hired to give Café Parisien Continental notch.
Usually, the two compositions of the Titanic orchestra worked in different parts of the liner and at different times, but in the night of the death of the ship, all the Oin merged into one orchestra.
One of the saved passengers "Titanic" will write later: "That night there were many heroic actions, but none of them could compare with the feat of these several musicians who played an hour for an hour, although the ship was immersed deeper and deeper, and the sea was selected To the place where they stood. The music they performed, gave them the right to be included in the list of heroes of eternal glory. "
Hartley's body was found two weeks after the death of Titanic and sent to England. A violin was tied to his breast - a gift of the bride. Among other participants in the orchestra did not have the survivors ...
A four-year-old Michelle and a two-year-old Edmond traveled with the Father, who died during a crash, and were considered "Titanic's orphans", as long as their mother was found in France.
Michelle died in 2001, he was the last of the male survivors on the "Titanic".
Winnie Cautes went to New York together with two children. On the night of the catastrophe, she woke up from strange noise, but decided to wait for the crew members. Her patience burst, she rushed for a long time in the endless corridors of the ship, lost.
Suddenly encountered crew member sent her to boats. She ran into a broken closed gate, but it was at that moment another officer appeared, who saved Winnie and her children, giving them his life jacket.
As a result, Winnie was on the deck, where she was landing in a boat No. 2, on which, literally miraculously, she managed to plunge ..
Seven-year-old Eva Hart was saved with the sinking "Titanic" with his mother, but her father died during a crash.
Helene Walker believes that her conception occurred precisely on the "Titanic" before a collision with Iceberg. "It means a lot to me," she confessed in an interview.
Her parents were 39-year-old Samuel Morley, the owner of a jewelry store in England, and 19-year-old Kate Phillips, one of his workers fled to America from the first wife of a man, seeking to start a new life.
Kate sat in a rescue boat, Samuel jumped over her, but did not know how to swim and drowned. "Mom spent 8 hours in a rescue boat," helen said. "She was in one night shirt, but one of the sailors gave her his jumper."
Vaolette Constance Jessop. Until the last moment, the stewardess did not want to hire on the "Titanic", but her friends were convicted, because they believed that it would be a "wonderful experience."
Before that, on October 20, 1910, Vaolett became a flight attendance of the transatlantic liner "Olympic", which in a year because of the unsuccessful maneuvering collided with the cruiser, but the girl managed to escape.
And with "Titanic" Violette was saved on the boat. During World War I, the girl went to work by a nurse, and in 1916 he fell on the side of the "British", which ... also went to the bottom! Two boats with the crew dragged the screw of a sinking vessel. 21 people died.
Among them could be Violette, who sailed in one of the broken boats, but again luck was on her side: she managed jumped out of the boat and survived.
Kochegar Arthur John Priest also survived the shipwreck not only on the "Titanic", but also on the "Olympics" and "British" (by the way, all three vessels were the braes of one company). At the account of the record and 5 shipwrecks.
On April 21, 1912, "New York Times" published the history of Edward and Ethel Binov, who floated on the "Titanic" in the second grade. After the crash, Edward helped the spouse to sit in the boat. But when the boat already sailed, he saw that she was half empty, and rushed into the water. Ethel dragged her husband in the boat.
Among the passengers of Titanic was the famous tennis player Karl Ber and his beloved Helen News. After the catastrophe, the athlete came ran into the cabin and brought women on the boat deck.
Lovers were already ready for forever to say goodbye, when the head of the company "White Star Line" Bruce Ismie personally suggested take a place in the boat. A year later, Karl and Helen got married, and later became the parents of three children.
Edward John Smith is the captain of "Titanica", which was very popular among the crew members, and among the passengers. In 2.13 nights, just 10 minutes before the final immersion of the ship under the water, Smith returned to the captain's bridge, where he decided to meet death.
The second assistant Captain Charles Herbert Laitoller jumped from the ship one of the last, miraculously avoid suction to the ventilation mine. He fell to the folding boat used by the bottom: the trumpet "Titanic" fell into the sea next to him, drove the boat further from the sinking vessel and allowed her to be afloat.
American businessman Benjamin Guggenheim during a crash helped women and children plunge into lifeboats. On the proposal to escape himself, he replied: "We are dressed in our best outfits and are ready to die as gentlemen."
Benjamin died at the age of 46, his body was not found.
Thomas Andrews - First Class Passenger, Irish Businessman and Shipbuilder, was the designer "Titanic" ...
During the evacuation, Thomas helped the passengers to sit down in the boat. The last time it was seen in the first class smoke room near the fireplace, where he looked at the picture Plymouth. His body after the crash was not found.
John Jacob and Madelin Astor is a millionaire, a science fiction writer with his young spouse traveled first class. Madeline was saved on the boat No. 4. John Jacob's body was raised from the depths of the ocean 22 days after his death.
Colonel Archibald Grassi IV is an American writer and an amateur historian who stayed alive after the collapse of Titanic. Returning to New York, Gracie immediately began writing a book about his swimming.
It was she who became a real encyclopedia for historians and researchers of the catastrophe, thanks to the large number of names for flying passengers and passengers of the 1st grade, remaining on the "Titanic" contained in it. Gracie's health was strongly undermined by supercooling and injuries, and he died at the end of 1912.
Margaret (Molly) Brown - American Lady, Philanthrop and Activist. Survived. When a panic arose on the "Titanic", Molly sat down in the rescue boats, herself refused to sit there.
"If the worst thing happens, I smell," she said, until in the end, someone did not encounter her in the boat number 6, who made her famous.
After Molly organized a fund for help from "Titanic".
Millvina Dean was the last of the surviving passengers "Titanic": she died on May 31, 2009 at the age of 97 in the nursing home in Hampshire Eschurest in the 98th anniversary of the liner descent on the water. .
Her dust was extended on October 24, 2009 in the port of Southampton, from where the "Titanic" began his first and last flight. At the time of the death of the liner she had two and a half months
The tragedy of the most sensational liner of the 20th century does not leave the imagination of writers, directories, researchers, historians, as if the soul of 1500 dead people demand to understand the incident and put the point in the investigation of the causes of the catastrophe. 
In 1912, Titanic was the largest passenger transcontinental liner. On April 15, 1912, during the first flight in a collision with Iceberg, he sank in the Atlantic Ocean. On board there were 2,200 passengers along with the crew members, the 705 were saved. At that time, the water temperature was no more than two degrees Celsius and many died from supercooling.
Modern writer and journalist Andrew Wilson released the book "Shadow of Titanic." In it, the author in the next describes the wreck of "Titanic", which imposed an indelible black imprint on the life of 705 survivors in this terrible tragedy, put a point in an endless string of wealth, luxury and privileges. 
Millwine Dean
Today, not a single passenger "Titanic", the last guest of his guest, Millway Dean, died in 2009, died in 2009 at the age of 97. At the time of the tragedy, she was only 9 months old and she, of course, does not remember anything, but the very fact of her stay on the historic vessel made the life of a woman, especially after 1985, when Titanic was found, strangely popular and rich. 
The eyewitnesses of the tragedy remembered that the screams of the sinking until the end of the days pursued them. One of them resembled the hum of bee swarm, others compared moans with OUT 100 thousand fans at the Cup match of England.
Joseph Bruce Ismay (first-class passenger, cabins No. B52, 54, 56, ticket number 112058) Executive Director of White Star Line. Survived, but was a sharpener shame.
In the book again and again the question is asked: why most passengers failed to escape? The position of director-manager of the ship's shipping company "White Star Line" was held by Joseph Bruce Ismie.
The boat with saved raise on board "Carpathians"
It was he who was accomplished for the design of the "Titanic" and it is he who owns the decision to refuse 48 rescue boats for considerations of financial savings. According to estimates, these boats could save 1,500 people, almost all the dead 
How did all the next years lived a person who was one of the time or other of people in death? Judging by the fact that the wife forbidden to use the word "Titanic" with him, the conscience did not give him peace. It is known that he turned into a hermit, and when he had to go somewhere, he always chose a train, in which he ordered a whole coupe for himself, he talked only with vagables, sitting on benches in urban parks. 
Living room 1 class
But the downtime of the manager is exacerbated by another fact. It turns out that despite the rule of "Women and Children in the first place", he found a place for himself in a boat and survived in the crash. And when the saved picked the ship "Carpathians", he demanded a separate cabin for himself, while the rest were located on the floor and tables. 
Watching the mental state of surviving after the catastrophe, several common post-traumatic symptoms were observed. It is worth remembering the 17-year-old Jack Tayeier, who, unlike the Ismea, helped the rest to climb into the boat, he refused to sit into the boat himself. He managed to save, jumping into ice water and clinging to the inverted boat. 
Cafe on the deck of "Titanic"
He returned to the Hero to his homeland, whom the whole country exceeded. Over the years, he began to suffer a protracted depression, and his mother died on the anniversary of the collapse of Titanic, who also managed to escape (the father died during a crash) and the son died during the Second World War, Jack cut his veins during the Second World War. He was one of those ten who committed suicide after the death of the liner. 
Dorothy Gibson - American Single Cinema Actress, Fashion Model and Singer
Many people who survived the terrible night had problems with the psyche, who had to even be treated in psychiatric clinics. One of these soulfally injured was the actress of a silent movie Dorothy Gibson. 
Class 1 bedroom
Almost a month after his producer, the producer and buddy, Zhul Bruulatur, created the film "Saved from Titanic", the main heroine of which, of course, became Dorothy. In the frame, she was in the same dress as on the day of the tragedy and as if he had experienced suffering together with the dead passengers. It was her last role, she could not be removed 
Lucy Christina, Lady Duff Gordon - one of the leading British fashion designers in the late XIX - early XX century
In the book "Shadow of Titanic" also describes the fate of the married couple Gordon - Sir Cosmo Duff and Lucille. It was Lucille that was a fashion designer and the author of the popular word "chic". A married couple was saved in a boat designed for 65 people, but there were only 12 people in it. It is said that Cosmos Duff saved, paying seafarers of 5 pounds to everyone that those quickly with his wife removed from a sinking vessel. Thus, the Gordon was deprived of the other chance of salvation. 
On the first evening, after salvation, the spouses went to a party to one of the restaurants, where the fucking Lucier slightly frivolously described the tragedy. After this incident, Sir Gordon became a social outcast. Soon the couple broke up, and the model business Lucille flourished for a long time until he had led to bankruptcy financial recklessness of this lady. 
Ticket to "Titanic". Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Kimbell. Departure April 10, 1912. Cab D-19
On board the "Titanic" there were 143 women traveling first class, their tickets were the cost of 875 pounds, four of them were killed, while three refused to sit in the boat. But those who bought tickets to third-class cabins, 12 pounds, died more than half. 
And, probably, those who believe that death does not look at the social status of people are mistaken. As it turned out, social bundle affected after the death of people: the ship sent by White Star Line in search of the bodies of the dead, raised only those who were driving the first class, the remaining and were buried on the seabed.
John Jacob and Madelin Astor
Titanic "took the water of the richest and most famous people of modern people. One of them was a millionaire John Jacob Astor. Together with his body from the bottom of the sea, a gold watch was raised, a ring with a diamond price of 57 thousand modern dollars, cufflinks and $ 2,500 in cash. 
The name of the millionaire field of death was uttered as the name of the hero, because he abandoned the place of the boat. The noise around the person John Jacob Astor rose when his testament was opened. According to the will of the deceased, his pregnant 19-year-old wife Madeleine lost all the state in the event of a re-marriage. Yes, the millionaire, it can be seen, was not going to leave this world so early.
Steam machines "Titanic" 
Staircase under the dome. 1 class
In the first years after the tragedy, Madeleine was a noticeable special in New York society. She managed to still find a new husband, but the marriage was unsuccessful. The next man with whom she tied up a long novel was an Italian boxer who systematically raised her hand on her.
Captain "Titanic" Edward John Smith
The fate of Madeleine, as many people who survived in the tragedy, was a merciless to her, as if to take revenge for the fact that the death was avoided. Madeleine died in 1940 in full solitude, suggest that she committed suicide. Before his death, she often repeated: "Titanic" destroyed my nervous system. " 
Iceberg, sent to the bottom "Titanic", found in 90 years
Many dozen years have passed since the terrible catastrophe, and no one doubted that it was the excellent "Titanic" at the bottom of the ocean. When the "unspecified" ship, the most huge, the most luxurious ocean liner of his time, in the first flight in 1912 she crashed into iceberg, he took with him more than 1,500 of all of all 2,000 passengers. When the ship slugged the North Atlantic deep into the North Atlantic, and the secrets disappeared with him - how and why he sank.
"Titanic" (English. Titanic) is the British transatlantic steamer, the second liner of the Olympic class. Built in Belfast at the shipyard "Harland & Woolf" from 1909 to 1912 by order of the shipping company "White Star Line". At the time of commissioning was the largest ship in the world. On the night of April 14-15, 1912, during the first flight failed in North Atlantic, faced with Iceberg.
"Titanic" was equipped with two four-cylinder steam machines and a steam turbine. All power plant possessed a capacity of 55,000 liters. from. The ship could develop speed up to 23 knots (42 km / h). Its displacement exceeding the twin steamer "Olympic" on 243 tons was 52 310 tons. The hull of the vessel was made of steel. The hold and the lower decks were divided into 16 compartments by bulkheads with hermetic doors. In case of damage to the bottom, the water intake in the compartments prevented the double bottom. The "Shipbilder" magazine called "Titanic" practically unspexed, this statement was widely distributed in the press and among the public. In accordance with the obsolete rules "Titanic" was equipped with 20 rescue boats, a total capacity of 1178 people, which was only a third of the maximum loading of the steamer.
Titanic (on the left in the photo) in the port 
"Titanic" in the port
Two government investigations that were conducted in the footsteps of the catastrophe, they agreed that it was the iceberg, and not defects and the slab of the ship itself, Skilled "Titanic". Both investigative commissions concluded that the ship went to the bottom entirely, and not parts. That large faults were not. The wines for nightmarish on its scale disaster fell solely on the unfortunate captain of the ship I. Smith, who also died along with the whole team. Smith was wateted that the "Titanic" was carried at him at the speed of 22 knots (41 km) at the well-known sailors in a dangerous ice field - in dark waters, not far from the shores of Newfoundland. The incident with the "Titanic" was exhausted - it seemed, once and for all.
Titanic before leaving the ocean 
Tail part of the ship "Titanic" The departures lay at the bottom of the sea
However, doubts and questions that could have sink, it would seem that the disruptable ship remained. In 1985, when the oceanographer Robert Ballard, after many years of search, finally found the remains of the ship at a depth of about 4 km at the bottom of the ocean, he discovered that in fact the Titanic split in half on the surface of the ocean before sowing.
Why did he split in half? - experts wondered. Is there an invincible "Titanic" west in the design?
Oil painting "Titanic death" Several years have passed after the opening of the ballard, and now the first fragments of the ship are raised from the ocean bottom. The new hypothesis of the death of "Titanic" is a base steel used in the construction of the ship. However, a group of researchers came to the conclusion that this is not steel that went to the trim of the ship was low-grade. Low quality was rivets, the most important metal pins that bind together the steel plates of the ship body. Moreover, the recently found fragments of the bottom of the "Titanic" directly indicate that the ship's feed has never raised high to the air, as many "Titanic" experts, including Cameron, were originally believed. In fact, the ship crashed into pieces and sank, holding comparatively exactly on the surface of the ocean - a clear sign of miscalculations in its designs, which were used after the catastrophe.
With the construction of "Titanic" hurried
"Titanic" was created in a short time - in response to the production of a competitive company of a new generation of high-speed liners. "Titanic" and his smaller native brothers - "Olympic" and "British" were the most ambitious ships in the history of shipbuilding. These were real colosses! - 275 meters from the nose to the stern! - even the high skyscrapers passed before them. Specially equipped to survive in front of the threats of the North Atlantic, including huge waves and sudden clashes, these related ships were also - that by themselves intended - the safest. "Titanic" could keep afloat, even if 4 of its 16 waterproof compartments would be flooded, - the real miracle for the ship such giant sizes!
"Titanic" in the sea On the night of April 14, 1912, however, in just a few days of the first flight "Titanic", his Achilles Fifas played his ominous role. The ship was not sufficient enough to avoid a collision with Iceberg, which was shouting about the sentigible (the only way to see the iceberg at the time) at the last minute and in the pitch darkness. "Titanic" did not encounter a fatal iceberg directly, and drove on it right side. The ice struck the holes in the steel plates of the ship, flooding six "waterproof" compartments.
Two hours later, Titanic was overwhelmed with water and went to the bottom.
Frame from the movie "The Church of Titanic" Achilles Fifth "Titanic"
Specialists continued to seek explanations of the death of the ship equipped for all safety rules. And they came across a potentially weak link: more than three million rivets, fastening the ship's housing. Taking on the sample 48 of these metal rods raised from the ocean bottom, scientists found a high concentration of "scale" in them - sediment from smelting. Because of this scale, the metal becomes brittle, can give a crack.
Not because of the cheapness, but because the time was pressed, the builders of the "Titanic" began to use base material. When "Titanic" stumbled upon iceberg, weak steel rods in his nose cracked, exposing the seams in the case and accelerating the death of the ship. It is not by chance that water, flooding six compartments bonded by rods from low-grade steel, stopped exactly where rivets from high-quality steel began.
So one of the secrets gone by the "Titanic" on the bottom of the ocean was opened. If all the rivets, the attic "Titanic" were made of high-quality steel, the catastrophe could be avoided. No wonder immediately after the death of the "Titanic", two other giant ship - "Olympic" and "British", built on the same shipyard and at the same time as "Titanic," - were urgently and comprehensively strengthened: the steel covering of the building was doubled and much higher than the bulkhead were raised . The shipbuilding company clearly recognized defects and unacceptable miscalculations in high-speed - just to keep up with competitors! - The race on the construction of Titanic, tried, as she could, fix them and hide from experts, insurance agents and all inquisitive humanity.
In 2005, the new expedition went to place a long-standing catastrophe. And very soon I found a gueau to exciting all questions. This time, the divers were examined at the seabed not the main place of the crash, and they took a little sideway, where they found two large debris from the bottom of the ship. When they began to analyze the brown edges of these debris, came to a striking conclusion. It was impossible for the ship to split in this way, as the dozens of years experts were believed, - with the feed, raised above the ocean under a 45-degree angle, and before the ship's hull broke up. According to these significant bottom debris, it is possible to judge that their split was interrupted in the middle - a faithful sign that the ship was tilted then at a low angle (about 11 degrees) that his feed still kept buoyancy when he gave a crack. If the back of the ship rose from the water under a 45-degree angle, as stunningly depicted in the camera of the Cameron, the feed would quickly spare from the body of the ship and the bottoms found at the bottom of the bottom would be broken in two.
James Cameron with a team of scientists tried to restore the course of events from the collision of the "Titanic" with Iceberg, to its complete flooding:
Ship Tilt - Question of Life and Death
It would seem what matters, how exactly the ship split into parts? For Titanic passengers, it was a matter of life and death. In the cinema, the vessel flies up and then goes, along with all the body, on the bottom. This is a protracted dramatic action. In reality, the ship tilted quite a bit, while the water flooded the nasal part, and passengers had a false sense of security.
Passengers and many of the team did not understand the seriousness of the situation. When the water was enough to flood the novel part of the body, the ship, remaining afloat, splitped in half and sank in minutes.
Interestingly, the majority of survivors confirm such an unexpected course of events. Charlie Jugin, the chef "Titanic", stood near the stern, when the ship began to sink, but he did not notice any signs of the fault of the body. There was no suction funnel, no colossal burst. Jugin said he calmly sailed away from the ship, not even seeing his hair.
Farewell, cinema romantic "Titanic"!
Unlike the film of Cameron, a gigantic wave did not go from the disaster site - none of the rescue boats noticed it when the stern of the ship disappeared under water. One of the former passengers "Titanic" told how he slid into the water, turned around - and did not see the ship.
So, forgive the heartbreaking image of the "Titanic" with a highly fed with fodder, rolled passengers, their overall suicide cry, and here the ship lies in the water at a steep angle! Unfortunately or fortunately - nothing really was.
Although some of those sitting in lifeboats seen the ship's feed, highly raised in the air, it could be an optical illusion. With a slope of 11 degrees with the titanic propeller screws sticking in the air, and without that height in the twenty-storey house, it seemed even higher, and its roll in the water was even cooler.
Could "Titanic" be stronger, hardy? Of course. High quality steel rivets and a more dense, double covering the body might prevent a disaster or certainly - would hold the ship afloat at times longer.
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