Forbidden city and garden of the pleasures of China. City of Beijing

Forbidden city - The largest palace complex in the world!

One of the most visited tourists in China is a forbidden city, or Googun. He is in Beijing and represents a huge Palace complex, probably the largest in the world. And one of the most famous is for sure. It is located on an area of \u200b\u200b72 hectares, it is obscured by a high wall, and there are wide areas within these walls, palaces will come out, there are pavilions, temples among the gardens and ponds, and every building captivates beauty and harmony.

What is a forbidden city?

The historical name of this complex "Purple Forbidden City". Now it is most often called "gogun" - " Former palace».

The main buildings of the complex - the main premises intended for receptions and ceremonies are the names of the Hall of Higher Harmony, the "Hall of Middle Harmony" and the "Harmony's Hall". And behind them the inner courtyards begin, and the buildings designed not for the front ceremonies, and for life. They are less than sizelower, and more elegant. And without exception, the palaces and pavilions are kept in the color scheme, in which the main color is purple. However, what else? After all, it is a purple forbidden city!

In total, the Gugun complex accommodates 800 buildings. How many rooms in these buildings are difficult to say. The Chinese themselves assure that they are 9.999. Why? By Chinese believe in the palace of the Heavenly emperor, 10 thousand rooms. And the earthly Lord, who was titled "Son of the sky" must observe subordination! And even though the rooms, apparently, are still less than 9999, visitors to the forbidden city are not to counting: just have time to admire and admire!

Panoramic plan for the forbidden city across the Chinese capital

The history of the emergence of the palace complex "Forbidden City"

The name "Forbidden City" is not the figure of speech, and not a metaphor, but it happens because there was no access to the imperial residence, except for the family of the emperor, wives and concubines, children and a servant, consisting for the most part of Enev.

Other residents of Middle Kingdom, as well as foreigners, without the highest permission to appear in the Forbidden City, was prohibited. Snidding waited for a terrible execution. However, legends say that they were curious, who were not worn by punishment, they still tried to penetrate the high walls.

The emergence of a forbidden city is associated with such a legend. A certain monk appeared in a dream a purple city, impregnable walls illuminated from low-lying life, burrowing around. He told about his vision to the provincial prince, on the lands of which the monastery was located. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe city, closed from commoner and strangers, was so liked by the prince, which, becoming the emperor, he immediately began to embody her. It was in 1406. The builder of the palace was joined by Ji Di, it was the second emperor of the Ming dynasty. By the way, it was he who made the capital of China Beijing.

GoGugun, or Forbidden City, - Exemplary Feng Shui

Of course, the Palace of the Chinese emperor was built in accordance with Chinese philosophy, the main concept of which is harmony, and the requirements of Feng Shui. Astrologers chose the place for the construction. They assured that Imperial palace In Beijing will be in the very center of the Earth.

The palace is built, mainly of the tree, the same marble and brick were used. Buildings, mostly single-storey. Facades of buildings are facing south. After all, the north, on Feng Shui - that side, from where hostile power come from. And the main entrance to the palace, of course, also looks south.

The best samples of Chinese hair dryer in the center of the capital

The names of all buildings, all ponds, parks and streams of the palace complex are imbued with the spirit of harmony and grace. There is here, for example, the pavilion of contacting the sky and the earth, and the gate of heavenly purity, and the gazebo, from where the arrival of spring is visible.

It happened that the Palace of the emperor suffered from fire and earthquakes. And after each such cataclysm, builders sought to reproduce the initial intent with maximum accuracy. Thanks to this today, we can see the Forbidden City almost as it was with the Ming Dynasty. The forbidden city served the housing to emperors until 1924. Then the last emperor of China was lowered, which was called Pu-and.

Nowadays, Googun is the largest museum complex of China, access to which is open to all tourists. Each of the palaces and pavilions are museum expositions dedicated to the pages of history and culture of China. For the most tallery acquaintance with this wealth, there is not enough month.

Imperial Park in Beijing

One of the most recognizable Panorars of the Imperial Palace in the Forbidden City

Beautiful details architectural structures Palace Googun

Forbidden city - one of the main attractions not only Beijing, but also in all of China

Wonders in the world much more than we know! And one of these is the Forbidden City in Beijing. This is a huge palace complex, which is considered the largest in the world. It consists of a variety of buildings, pavilions, squares. Total complex has 9,9999 rooms! And the area takes more than 700 thousand square meters. This is more than impressive, but not surprising for China. It can be said that they have giant in their blood, take at least a great wall.

But back to the palace. This is the greatest structure, built in the early 15th century, was the truth by the work of art. Construction began on the orders of Emperor Junle (3rd in the Ming Dynasty). He pursued main goal - transfer the residence, and accordingly, the political center and the capital of China from Nanjin to Beijing. And, I must say, it is more than succeeded. Further rulers of the Middle Kingdom already conducted their activities in this residence.

Top view of the city

The board lasted in the Forbidden City, until 1911, which became a turning point for China. In the course of the revolution, the monarchy was overthrown for democracy.

Unique location

Already seeing this impressive architecture, you feel some kind of magic of architecture. Original buildings are lured to look further, the stucco figures are affected by their pomp and greatness.

Gold lions

But the peculiarity of the palace complex is not in this.

It is not a secret that the main philosophy of the location of objects, the influence of the parties of the Light of a person - this is all came exactly from China. This nation has a sense in everything. To reveal and understand it, not enough of life. But this is the subwayless empire and manitis the inquisitive minds.

The palace is located in such a way that all the facades look south. And all because the south is the side of grace, wealth and prosperity.

There was no free access to the palace. The whole complex was divided into two parts. The inner palace was part of the habitat of the personnel of the emperor, and the external - state. In inner palace The halls of heavenly purity, earthly calm.

Looking at the photos of the Forbidden City, you can see that most buildings are painted in a bright color. Few people know, but the paint is because of the official name of the Purple Forbidden City.

Example of jewelry in the city of Emperor

The most interesting thing is that when Manchurian conquerors came, they overthrew the Ming dynasty, dealt with the former emperor, but they were very respectful to buildings in the city. And they even continued to actively care for architecture. Thanks to this, the palace has not lost its greatness.

In fact, getting into this place, it seems that the time stops and all the whole overslets. Harmony appears and calm in the shower. It is in this place that the feeling of weightlessness is created, as if they really are somewhere highly "under the heavens."

A. Gate Uven.
B. Gate Shenuene.
B. Gate Sihuhamen.
G. Gate Donghumedman.
D. Watchtower.
E. Gate Taihamene.
J. Pavilion Taihadian.
Z. Pavilion Zhonghadian.
I. Pavilion Baochyan.
K. Flygel Wyndian.
L. Flygel Wenhuadian.
M. Garden Tsynin.
N. Nanseano.
O. Tsyancingong Palace.
P. Palace Jiaydian.
R. Kunning Palace.
S. Imperial Garden.
T. Pavilion Jancindian.
W. Palace Ningshouguung.The structure and diagram of the forbidden city

1. Three main pavilions - Zhonghadian, Baochyan, Taihadian: Have a common hieroglyph, which is a kind of amulet and literally denotes harmony and peace. These are the most majestic pavilions showed all the power of the emperor. But at the same time, in China, compliance with the organity in everything. Thus, one of the philosophies is the harmonious existence of all people and certain spiritual equality between the king and the simple person, parents and children, the elders and the youngest. It is also for this that there is also a hieroglyph on the pavilions.

2. Giant stone plate . This element may affect the most. A huge stove is decorated with great bas-reliefs. But they are not a mystery. The fact is that the stove was delivered to the palace in the dynasty of min, that is, any technique in those days were not supposed. And the weight of the slab reached 300 tons! It is believed that for its transportation, about 16 thousand people were involved, among which were both ordinary people and soldiers.

It is located behind one of the main imperial pavilions - Baochyan.

3. Arrow. Between the gates of Zencenmen and Pavilion Baochyan there is an area that shared the inner and outer zone of the possession of the emperor. Raising your head on a banner above the gate, you can see the arrow sticking out from there. This "clinging to descendants" was left by the ruler of the Qing dynasty after the peasant uprising in 1813. When the rebels with the help of enewes and other servants of the palace, penetrated the Forbidden City in order to exterminate the dynasty. One of the leaders of the uprising aimed and shot into the banner, as a sign of his early victory. I must say that it was a very bloody picture. However, the uprising was suppressed, the traitors are executed, and the arrow was left as a reminder to future generations.

4. Miracle refrigerators. Not in vain it is believed that many of the benefits of civilization came precisely from the subway. Refrigerators, which were located in the palace were considered an equally interesting copy of the forbidden city in China. These cabinets were cooled with ice, stored since the winter. Inside the refrigerator is laid out, for better tightness and safety of products. In addition, the design had a hole for the flow of water. But, of course, amazes the art of decoration. Cubes were beautifully ornaments.

5. Gong. Of course, few people associate this tool with another country. Big Gong was installed to notify all about the change of Karaula or the introduction of a state of emergency.

6. Glazed figures. In all buildings in the complex you can see a variety of animal ceramic figures. This is not just a decoration. Each animal denotes a certain quality inherent in it.

7. Marble balustrade with a secret. When you get to the Forbidden Imperial City, involuntarily pay attention to the chic polarism of white marble. She fits perfectly into the general "red" background of buildings. But, like all in China, it has its own hidden destination and is not solely the subject of decor in the exterior.

Looking at the cluster, you can see that there are very beautiful threads in several tiers and original columns at the edges of the gate. It is there that hides the main secret - a signaling system.

Each column has its own "stone flower" with a rounded cavity. And in the holes that at first glance may seem like washed rains, a special tube was invested. The guard began to blow with force in it, which brought balls in motion and created a special muted, but audible sound in every corner of the city. It has been reported a fire or invasion, if it is impossible or impossible to use the gong.

The Chinese Forbidden City is the most important place. Here you will find a mass of secrets and legends that have their own meaning. Perhaps it will reveal you on the other side. In China, everything is saturated with a special feeling of calm and prudence. Having visited the palace complex, the impression of communion towards something great, intangible and beautiful.

Interesting video about the sights of China's capital from the Chinese guide girl (translated into Russian):

The forbidden city in Beijing is the world's largest palace complex, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is 720 thousand sq.m. In the plan, it is a slightly stretched square (the length of the northern and southern walls is 753 meters, Western and Eastern - 961 meters), almost properly focused on the sides of the world.

Get acquainted with Beijing:

Square in front of the Taihadian hall (Higher Harmony Hall), Taihamen Gate, Behind them - Clean

Full name of the Palace - Purple Forbidden City, 紫禁城, ziszizincheng. Currently, he is called 故宫 - "Former Palace".

The forbidden city was built from 1406 to 1420, when the rules of the third emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) Zhu di (朱棣, 1360-1424, on the throne from 1403; the motto of the Board - Yun-Le 永乐, "Eternal Happiness"). It was Zhu Di to turn Beijing to the capital. All buildings are made of wood. Therefore, it is not surprising that the Forbidden City was repeatedly burned and rebuilt.

According to the legend, there are 9999.5 rooms in the forbidden city. They say that the emperor wished to have 10,000 rooms ("Ten thousand", 万 wan, - meaningful number in Chinese culture). However, he was an angry jade Vladyka and stated that he had ten thousand rooms in the palace in the palace, so that the earthly emperor, let it (天 tianzi, the title of Chinese emperors), does not apply to have the same room. Therefore, made a little less - 9999 and half the room. In reality, rooms - 8707.

Forbidden city built in strict accordance with the rules of Chinese geomantia - Fengshui. The emperor was not only the ruler great countryBut also endowed with sacred status and priestly functions, carrying out mediation between heaven and earth, so each item in the google has a certain meaning. The word "purple" in the title implies a polar star (KIT. 北极北极 bayjisin), which was considered the abode of jade lord. Just like all the stars in the sky make their move around a stationary polar star, and the emperor in the Forbidden City stays at the notion and the rules of the Middle Kingdom.

In the Forbidden City, the entrance to the simple mortal was limited. Foreigners here were practically not allowed. Therefore, naturally, the most fantastic legends are made about what is behind the high walls of the palace.

More than a million workers and about 100 thousand different masters took part in the construction of a forbidden city. The rulers of the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) were spent less time in Googun than their predecessors, living most years in or in. In total, due to the walls of the Forbidden City for almost 500 years, 24 emperors - 14 emperors of the Ming dynasty and 10 emperors of the Qing Dynasty were ruled. After his renunciation of the throne in 1912, until 1924, the last Chinese emperor PU and (溥仪, 1906-1967, the Chinese emperor in 1908-1912, retained the title until 1924).

Google in Beijing and Googo in Taipei

The first museum in the Forbidden City appeared back in 1914 - in the Hall of Fame (武英殿, Wyndian). In 1924, the whole territory moved into the hands of the Republic of China (1911-1949). On October 10, 1925, a museum was created here, which was called 故宫 博物院 Googun Boyuan - Museum "Former Imperial Palace." According to Queen, spent in the same year, it was about 1.17 million storage units. In subsequent years, the Gugun collection has significantly expanded.

How to get to googo

Google is located in the heart of Beijing. On the map he looks like a huge square.

Metro: Station "Tiananmen Si Zhang" 天门西站门西站 ( Tian'anmen West Station), "Tiananmen Dong Zhang" 天门门 东站 ( Tian'anmen East Station), line 1.

Buses: 1 路, 2 路, 10 路, 52 路, 52 路区间, 52 路区间 2, 59 路, 82 路, 90 路, 99 路, etc.

Gugun on the map

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In China, in a huge territory in the center of the capital, one of the largest palace complexes of the world is located - the so-called "Forbidden City". Two great dynasties - Min and Qing managed the empire from the walls of this residence. And this is 24 the ruler of the Middle Kingdom. The place for the construction of the imperial chambers was particularly carefully chosen. According to astronomers of those years, it was this point that was the center of the globe.

According to the old Chinese legend, the plan of the city saw one monk in a dream. He told about an amazing dream of the prince - the future emperor. As a result of the Grand Construction, a luxurious palace complex was erected.

Forbidden - because inaccessible

Why is the city called forbidden? In times, when the ruling emperor lived in the walls of this palace with his family and numerous retinue, access to a simple person was closed here. The one who dared to disobey the order and still penetrated the city - expected execution.

Buildings were built mainly of wood, but the brick and marble is found. Heavy roofs of buildings support powerful columns. These are measures to protect against possible earthquakes.

The protection of Zorko watched who and why go to the Imperial Chambers. Five gates rose on the way of arriving at the Emperor ambassadors and local officials. The entrance doors are facing the south of the south. Thus, residents of the city were separated from the enemy, threatening the imperial empire from the north.

Outside the city surrounds a high wall and ditch filled with water. This is an artificially created channel, called the Golden Water River. Several bridges are laid through the canal. And every resident knew, on which bridges are allowed to enter the city of a man of his estate. Two central users used exclusively members of the imperial family. Two bridges were assigned to the highest civil and military officials. And after two remaining in the city, the rest of the inhabitants could enter, regardless of the title and rank.

Museum complex Googun

Wooden buildings have repeatedly suffered from fires and robbery. But every time, restoring buildings, architects tried to give the buildings for the previous appearance. Therefore, tourists today see the greatness and beauty of old buildings in almost unchanged form.

Now the Forbidden City is a museum complex. And now it can get into it and admire the rich decoration of the imperial chambers anyone.

The palace complex takes about 72 hectares of land. Its territory accommodates 800 buildings. Pavilions, carved gazebos, bright galleries are interspersed with blooming gardens, lakes, even rivers. The center rises the Pavilion of Higher Harmony - Taihadian. Its height is about forty meters. For several centuries, this building was the highest in all Beijing. In the empire, it was strictly forbidden to build buildings above. In the center of the pavilion there is a majestic throne - the symbol of the imperial power on Earth.

Taihadian roof relies on 86 wooden columns. The diameter of each of them is a whole meter. Six gilded columns surround a magnificent throne. Dragon carvings are decorated for these powerful pillars. The luxurious pavilion hall was used for the most significant palace receptions.

Every palace is beautiful in his own way. Here are collected works of great masters: products from bronze, paintings, skillfully performed decorations, rich imperial clothes. The collection of exhibits is replenished annually, and now in museum complex There are about a million luxurious things.

Googun, that is, the "former palace" - the so-called imperial possessions in our days, beautiful placewhich is certainly worth viewing when visiting Beijing.