Vienna The capital of Austria is deservedly considered one of the most cozy and beautiful cities Central. In this old city, thousands of tourists arrive annually to enjoy the picturesque places of this city, to penetrate the spirit ancient history, Touch the famous cultural and historical values, and, of course, to relax and have fun. For those who are not too familiar with this city and no, no, and asked the question " vein city of which country? "We have prepared this small excursion that we hope will help not only learn a lot of interesting things about this city, but also to schedule a trip here in another vacation.
- The population of Vienna according to 2012 is 1.73 million people.
- Vienna Square - 415 km².
- EUR used as a currency.
- The population of the city is characterized by special friendliness and hospitality.
- There are a lot of Russian-speaking people in Vienna, so walking around the city, you will probably hear Russian speech. As a rule, it is immigrants from Russia, Ukraine, who moved to permanent residence, many of whom opened their business precisely in tourism.
- In Vienna, tap water from the end of the 19th century of the year is served in the cranes of houses of citizens from mining sources, so that it is considered the most pure city water in the world.
- Weekends in town of Vienna Austria A truly weekend, so most shops, pharmacies and other institutions are not working these days.
- After going to the restaurant to eat, you can not be afraid to go hungry. You will surprise gigantic portions for a reasonable price.
What to see in Vienna Austria
The amazing city of Vienna is simply filled with attractions. There are many luxurious old palaces, cathedrals, huge areas, green squares and fabulous lovely and cozy streetsSo, in order to get around, see everything and at least a little to get acquainted with the architecture and history of the city, not enough of the week. Vienna city is surprisingly combining history and modern life, this is a city where famous artists, musicians and architects lived, so he is especially the heart of connoisseurs of art and no wonder is considered the heart of Europe. Vienna has many places associated with the life and creativity of great composers, such as V. Mozart, L. Beethoven, I. Strauss, F. Schubert, I. Brahms.
Baroque city style Vienna Capital of Austria Attracts romantics and lovers, because he has his special atmosphere - this is an elegant city, full of music, fragrant with aromas of coffee and baking, intoxicating local wines. But in addition to architectural attractions, this city is famous for both by its nature - from the infinite vineyards and the magnificent greenery of the Vienna Forest captures the Spirit. You will be fighting the painting of landscapes, juicy greens of centuries-old trees and invigorating crystal clear air. This city is not alien and idle life. Numerous casinos, restaurants, bars, clubs and discos with wide open doors meet visitors, promising non-sleeping pastime and emotion charges.
Visiting the city of Vienna, treat himself in Viennese cuisine
Viennese cuisine - This is another pride of the city of Vienna Austria, however, all became famous for his culinary culture. But the Viennese café deserves separate attention, because they became an integral part of the history of the city, and all because the Viennese Coffee Shops are the oldest in the world. Numerous and varied, pompous and lush or democratic and simple - they are always happy to treat the traveler with fragrant coffee and lush pastries.
Vienna Capital of Austria is worthy of your attention!
Vienna city invites you at unforgettable journey. And, believe me, it should be done at least once in your life! However, once visiting this charming city, you certainly decide to come here again, because this city is full interesting places, to see which at a time is simply impossible.
Vein (It. Wien, Lat. Vindobona, Vienna) - the capital of Austria, is located in the eastern part of the country. It is one of the nine Lands of Austria, from all sides of the surrounded territory of another land - Lower Austria. Population of Vienna - 1.68 million people (mid-2008); Together with the suburbs - about 2.3 million.Vienna is the third city of the UN Residence after New York and Geneva. The International Vienna Center (the so-called UNO-City) includes the IAEA, UNODC, UN Organization on Industrial Development, etc. In Vienna, there are headquarters of such international organizations, such as OPEC and OSCE.
Old city Vienna in December 2001 was included in the list Cultural heritage UNESCO.
Geography
Vienna Square is 415 km. Thus, Vienna is the smallest federal land of Austria. The city's area is distributed as follows: Built-up land 11.3%
Road Square 11.1%
Railway Square 2.2%
Parks 28.4%
Water Square 4.6%
Vineyards 1.7%
Forest sections 16.6%
Agricultural Square 15.8%
Other 8.3%
Location
The city is located in the eastern part of Austria at the foot of the Alps, on the banks of the Danube, 60 km from the border with Slovakia. Danube with its sleeve Donaucanal and the Vienna river flows through the vein. Historically, the city developed south of the Danube, but in the last two centuries, Vienna grew on both sides of the river. The greatest height Cities above sea level is celebrated in the Hermanskogel area (542 m), and the smallest - in Esling (155 m). The city is borders the Viennese Forest.
Geographically favorable position makes Vienna very convenient locally for the development of versatile relations with eastern countries. It became especially noticeable after 1989, when "fell" the so-called iron curtain. For example, from the capital of Slovakia, Bratislava Vienna separate only 60 km is the shortest distance between the two capitals throughout Europe, excluding the Vatican and Rome.
The form of Vienna resembles a circle crossed by the chord of the Danube River. Since the time of the Roman Empire, the city expanded concentric circles. His central part, the so-called inner city (Innere Stadt), almost coincides with the administrative boundaries of the first district. Ring is a chain of boulevards forming a ring. Ring history began in 1857, when the emperor decided to destroy unnecessary more fortification facilities. Gurrtel, a belt forming a concentric circle around the ring, originated in 1890. He swallowed the village of Vienna and the Church, built on the site of parish churches that surrounded the capital of the Empire in the past. The so-called "Red Vienna" is located behind the gyretman, that is, the working quarters built by the Socialists in 1923-1934.
Administrative division of Vienna
Vienna is divided into 23 district:
1. Inner City (Innere Stadt) 2. Leopoldstt 3. Landstra (Landstra? E) 4. VIDEN (WIEDEN) 5. Margaretne (Margareten) 6. Mariahilf (Mariahilf) 7. Neubau 8. Josefstadt (Neubau) Josefstadt) 9. Alzergrund (Alsergrund) 10. Favorite (Favoriten) 11. Wintering (Simmering) 12. Maidling (Meidling) 13. Hitzing (Hietzing) 14. Penzing 15. Rudolfsheim-Funfhaus (Rudolfsheim-Funfhaus) 16. Ottakring 17. Hernals (Hernals) 18. Waring (Wahring) 19. Döbling (Dobling) 20. Brhyittenau (Brigittenau) 21. Floridsdorf (Floridsdorf) 22. Donaustadt (Donaustadt) 23. Leasing (Liesing)
Climate
Winter: average air temperature -1,5 ° C, occasionally come frosts from -12 to -18 °, frequent snowfall.
Summer: The average air temperature is about + 20 ° C.
Atmospheric precipitation: 700-2000 mm per year.
History
Initially, Vienna was a Celtic settlement called veins (WIEN), which originates from Celtic leading (Vedunia), which meant the "River in Forests", based on about 500 to n. e. and located on the site of the modern central district of the city. In 15 BC e. The city was conquered by the XX legion "Gemina" and turned into the outpost of the Roman Empire, who defended the borders from the attacks of the German tribes from the north. Initially, the Roman camp was called Windobon (Vindobona). In the last period of the Roman rule in Norik, Windobon was called Fabian (Lat. Fabiana), named Fabiyaya Kogort (Cohors Fabiana). The Romans occupied Windobon until the V century, after which he was burned.
Housing begins around the ruins of Vienna, and around 800 Ruprechtskirkh is being built - the oldest of the preserved churches of the vein. In 881, the city is first mentioned called Venia (Wenia). The following mentions are dated 1030s. Withstand several attacks of Slavs and Hungarians, to the X century Vienna became an important shopping city.
By the middle of the XII century, Vienna becomes the residence of the Austrian Dukes of Babenbergs. In 1155, the Duke of Henrich II from the genus Babenbergs built a house on Am-Hof Square. In 1137-1147. The first church was built on the site of the Cathedral of St. Stephen; The modern cathedral was built in the XIII-XV centuries. Since 1278, Vienna - the stronghold of the Dynasty of the Habsburgs. In 1469, the Emperor Friedrich III was achieved by Pope Paul II institutions in Vienna Bishopra (Up to 1469 Austria Spiritually submitted to the Bishop of Passau).
In 1529, Vienna unsuccessfully deposited by the Turks. With almost 20-fold superiority, the enemy defenders of Vienna managed to defeat him a strong victory. The grievant defeat of the Turkish army, which she did not know yet, put the end of the rapid expansion of the Ottoman Empire to Europe. A half a century later, in 1683, the Allied troops of the Catholic countries inflicted the Turks even more crushing defeat, after which the Ottoman Empire was forever refused conquering campaigns, and it was after this defeat that her decline began.
In 1679, the plague epidemic broke out in Vienna. The population of the city, which constituted 100 thousand people, decreased by a third. In memory of the deliverance from the epidemic in the city center in 1693, a plague column was erected. But already 1713 brought a new wave of the disease. Only in the catacombs under the Cathedral of St. Stephen, 11,000 victims of the epidemic were buried. About this event in the history of the city today reminds majestic building Carlskire.
From the XVI century Vienna became the capital of the Multiethnic State of the Austrian Habsburgs; Since the XVII century, and especially in the XVIII century, it became the focus of a numerous court bureaucracy. Since the XVIII century, the manufactory industry is developing in Vienna (textile production and production of luxury goods).
In the XVIII - early XX century Vienna is an important center of world culture, especially musical.
In 1805 and 1809. Napoleon's troops joined Vienna. In 1814, a Vienna Congress was held in the city, exposed to revision political map Europe.
In the first half of the XIX century. With the advent of the style of Biedermeyer, the founders of which became famous Viennese composers, artists and theatrical figures, in Vienna there is progress in the field of culture and art. Vienna turns into a pan-European Music Center. The era of Bidermeer ended with the revolution of 1848, in which the residents of Vienna took an active part.
At the end of the XIX century. Culture, science and education in Vienna continue to flourish. World fondness enjoys Vienna University and Academy of Sciences. In 1897, representatives of Vienna Bohemia create a group of Vienna Special Council, which included Koloman Moser, Gustav Klimt and Otto Wagner.
By the beginning of the XX century. Vienna has become the largest city in Europe with a population of more than 2 million people (now - 1.67 million people). However, political events in Europe have become a turning point for Vienna: with the defeat of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Vienna loses its own effect.
First world War He led to the fall of the House of Habsburg and caused the decline of veins generated by inflation and the internal political struggle between socialists and conservatives. The municipality, which balanced between the interests of the masses and capital, implemented an extensive construction program for affordable housing and urban infrastructure, but could not prevent collisions between the parties. In 1928, mass public unrest began in Vienna, the inserted 89 lives; In 1934, the February uprising broke out.
Austrophismism regime, which came to power in 1934, could not preserve the independence of the country, and on the night of March 11 to 12, 1938, the German-fascist troops entered Vienna.
On April 13, 1945, during the Vienna, Vienna was liberated by the Soviet army. In the course of the Anglo-American bombing and then a significant damage was caused by street fighting, although the historical ensemble of the old city as a whole was preserved. In July 1945, an agreement was signed on the occupation zones in Austria and the management of Vienna. The city was divided into 4 sectors of the occupation: Soviet, American, English and French; The center was allocated for a joint four-sided occupation. Karl Renner created the Austrian Provisional Government itself, the proclaiming separation from Germany. Soviet troops, which occupied the northeastern outskirts of the city, left him in 1955, when Austria was proclaimed independent and neutral.
In the second half of the 1950s. Vienna re-launched the mass construction of municipal housing, in 1970-1980 a serious reconstruction of the city center was carried out, as a result of which Vienna avoided the dangers of Brussels. The IAEA, UNIDO and many other international organizations are based in modern Vienna.
Transport
In Vienna is well developed public transport. Its foundation is the Vienna Metropolitan and Viennese S-Bahn, which are complemented by the network of trams and buses routes. There is a separate Vienna Baden tram line. Network of autobahn I. railways Connects Vienna with other cities of Austria and Europe. The single main station is in construction, long flights serve the main train stations: Southern, North, Western and Station named after Franz Joseph. Viennese international Airport Vienna Schwechat is located 18 kilometers southeast of the city center and is the largest and most important airport of Austria.
Culture, attractions
In Vienna is the UN International Center - Vic. Vienna Opera - one of their most famous in the world. Hundertwasser-House - Masterpiece of the Architect Hundertwasser. Hofburg is the residence of the emperors of the Sacred Roman Empire.
Scientific institutions and universities
Austrian Institute of Economic Research
Vienna Institute of International Economic Research
Vienna University http://www.univie.ac.at.
Vienna Technical University http://www.tuwien.ac.at
Zoo
The Zoological Park of the Vienna Aristocracy was registered in 1752 during the residence of Habsburg, based on the base of a small, known since 1540, the Zveztsa. It is located in the Palace Palace of Schönbrunn, in the Hitzing district.
Music
The Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra is the orchestra famous for the whole world, which annually holds a traditional New Year's concert.
Mnozil Brass is a famous jazz breeding ensemble.
Radio
In Vienna, the first Russian radio radio "RU-FM" broadcasts in Austria. In his air, Russian, foreign music sounds, as well as news and entertainment programs. Radio website - www.rufm.my1.ru
Economy
In 2007, Mercer Human Resource Consulting published an annual study of the quality of life in the world. In terms of the quality of life, Vienna has not for the first time ranked first in the European Union. This city received the best estimates in the fields: infrastructure, public transport, banks and finance, safety, culture and free pastime. This wonderful indicator was pleased with not only veins inhabitants, but also served as an impetus for international companies that willingly work in this city.
Politics
Until 1918, Vienna's policy was formed by the Christian-Socialist Party (now not existing), especially Karl Luger, for a long time the former mayor of the city. Nowadays Vienna is the stronghold of the Austrian Social Democrats. They came to power back in the period of the first republic (1918-1934) and there were many long-standing social reforms, improving the quality of life hundreds of thousands of workers. The Policy of the City Hall of the city of those times was respected by the Socialists throughout Europe, which called the city of "Red Vienna" (Rotes Wien). The only break in the Board of Social Democrats in the city was 1934-1945, when Avroad Fashism was reigned in the country, and then Nazism, with Austria's Avshlus Germany. 
Religion
Vienna is the center of diocese Roman Catholic Church. According to the 2001 census, the city's population is distributed under religions as follows: Catholicism 49.2%
Not religious 25.7%
Islam 7.8%
Orthodoxy 6.0%
Protestantism (mainly Lutheranism) 4.7%
Judaism 0.5%
The rest or unanswered 6.3%
Personalia
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart lived in Vienna, Ludwig Van Beethoven, Franz Peter Schubert, Johann Strauss, and others. Outstanding composers, writer Stefan Tsweig, physicist Erwin Schrödinger, naturalist Gregor Johann Mendel, creator of psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud, creator of the system of individual psychology Alfred Adler, The creator of the so-called third Vienna school of psychotherapy Viktor Frankl (Vienna can be called the capital of psychoanalysis) and many other outstanding figures of science and culture. The Catholic Saint Hofbauer Colelens Mary is considered to be a heavenly patron saint of Vienna.
The Austrian capital remains one of the most popular tourist destinations. Those who are only planning a trip, we propose to find out what Vienna is interesting for tourists.
In this city, everyone will find a highlight for themselves. Therefore, in short, you will get acquainted with his story and make a "travel sheet".
Geographical position
Vienna is located in the east of Austria. The Danube with its sleeve and the foot of the Alps in the urban Danube will only add charm to the city. Add here the famous Viennese Forest, a small river of the same name, and it will become clear why there are many tourists.
The region where Vienna is located is bordered by Slovakia - only 60 km from Bratislava, and to the border and less. If we talk about the landscape, then the average height difference is marked in the city itself (387 meters between the lowest and high Points) What is convenient for tourists.
Before travel, make backup copies of documents and place them separately from the originals. Such a set just in case leave someone from relatives.
Modern Vienna is a 23 district, of which the most interesting are old: such as innerstadt or landscape.
Map Vienna
A little of the story
As a settlement, the future Austrian capital appeared at the beginning of our era, when the Romans built an outpost for one of their legions. In the Middle Ages, the developing city was chosen to know, and from the end of the XII century, and at all became a "generic nest" of the monarch of the Dynasty of the Habsburgs.
The breakdown periods alternated with the Military Liphethey - Vienna was repeatedly taken in the siege of the Turks, and in 1529 her defenders were able to defend the city, which was a tangible blow to the enemy. And after a half century (in 1683), under the city walls, the troops of the Catholic countries caused the Ottoman Empire, the hardest defeat, forcing it at all to abandon their hiking.
The further history of Vienna actually "made her face." The flourishing of the empire of the Habsburgs, the development of art and science was left inheritance in the form of palaces, parks, cathedrals.
The revolution of 1848 did not cause harm to the city, which would not say about the beginning of the twentieth century. Then Austria-Hungary fell, and the imperial center lost its significance.
Until 1918, the local opera had the status of the court.
During World War II, Vienna suffered from bombing allies, and post-war recovery took 15 years. The municipality was able to maintain the charm of the old regions, which were restored in the 1970s and 1980s.
How to get to Vienna
Vienna is a place where you can see the real old Europe.
To get there, there are several transfer options. The most convenient airfare remains fast, although expensive. There are no direct flights from Moscow, but you can use other routes. With a transplantation, you can get through Warsaw (on a board of LOT) or Riga (AirBaltic). You can transfer to Minsk, from where BELAVIA liners are flying.
If Vienna is one of the items of the Western European Tour, and is not its beginning, the task is facilitated. There are a large number of flights of both aircraft and buses, besides there are many Low-Kostov (budget companies).
Check the flight information regularly - in case of its cancellation, this should be reported. The easiest way to view the company's page on the Internet, but you can use the phone.
Budget flights are cheap, but it is necessary to order places in two or three months before departure. Remember that operators can set different prices for reservations, so find out this moment before ordering.
Moscow - Vienna Now, about trains, the Moscow-Prague train with a trailer car to Vienna will cost at least 165 euros, it is possible to sit in Minsk. From there, there is still a pair of daily compositions. From the inevitable minuses, we note the day on the way (against 5-6 hours flights with transfers).
The bus ride will take even more time - here two days, moreover, you need to pass the borders. If you take an adult ticket in both directions, you can meet at 310-320 euros.
A trip to the automotive of the freedom to choose a route. On the other hand, there is a need to buy a "green card", which indicates that it acts in Austria. In such a long flight, fatigue will inevitably appear, and the journey through Vienna can begin with rest.
Weather and Climate Vienna
Our tourists are easily getting used to the Austrian climate. In recent years, summer here is becoming hotter (reaches +36), but the midday of the sun is replaced by cool, and the average monthly figure on the column does not exceed + 20 ° C. The proximity of the forest and the river help struggle with heat.
It was in Vienna that the world's oldest newspaper, stock exchange and a diplomatic academy began their work. They work from the XVIII century, and the "Vienna Gazeta" is over 300 years (from 1703 g).
Spring is usually not interested in experienced tourists. They can be understood - in March and April the weather is very changeable, but mostly warm. The usual autumn with cold comes to Vienna in the end of November, so that September is a great time for the tour.
Winters in this region are soft: the temperature -20 ° C over the past 35 years has been only once. The average January is + 1 ° C.
The rains are infrequently, but clouds - frequent guests: affects the proximity of the Alps.
Main landmarks of Vienna
Vienna, as well as its description, is unthinkable without architectural delights and many museums.
From the heritage of the architect old times, be sure to check these places:
- Local opera. Interestingly, all performances are divided into groups, depending on the complexity for the ordinary viewer. True, the queue for this temple of culture is the usual thing.
- This luxurious complex has more than two and a half thousand rooms and halls. Each of the monarchs completed the already existing buildings in the courtyard.
- Cathedral of St. Carlaerected after the epidemic of the plague. Construction lasted 20 years. He began her Karl VI, giving a vow to his Heavenly patron, St. Carlo Borromeo, and he finished his son Joseph.
- Scottish cathedral. Worship services are carried out by the Benedictine Monks. The cathedral was repeatedly rebuilt, and in the XVII century even burned because of the zipper in it.
- Vologirlha. The temple in a strict Gothic style is highlighted by its height (99 meters).
- St. Stephen's Cathedralwhose 136-meter tower rises above the center. The initial option was built in the XII century, and the current view of the building received at the beginning of the XVI century. Restoration of some elements continues until now - immediately after the war, the cathedral suffered from marauders.
- 5 km from the center. it beautiful park With palaces, statues and fountains. The zoo located on its territory is the oldest in the world.
- City Hall. More than two thousand windows give the light of this building. In addition to the meetings of the municipality, there are various events every day for tourists - from excursions to concert programs;
Observe be careful in crowded places - even in prosperous Austria, tourists may be tightened.
This is only a small list of what is rich in Vienna, and what it is famous for. All these and many other wonders of architecture are harmonized with the streets of the Old Town, which themselves are memos. This applies primarily to the following streets:
- Cathedral Square (Stefanplatz). This is the center, the "heart" of the capital, where many Vienna architecture is concentrated, and the parking of horse crews only adds color.
- Ringstrasse. Street, as it were, the Central District - Convenient for the tourist. It was laid at the place where urban walls were previously stood.
- Fraunung. The old square is tightly built up with palaces of different eras, and each of them has a rich history.;
- Heldenplatz. Two bronze statues are installed here, the prince of Evgenia Savoy and Erzgertzoga Karl. These figures are already a century and a half.
Waking asking to learn everything about Vienna, you will have to explore urban museums. It is unlikely to get around, so we will list the most interesting:
- House of Mozart on Dougan, 5. In these apartments, the composer lived for three years. The uniqueness is that this is the only one of his faiths, which has been preserved yes of our days.
- Treasury of the Hofburg Castlein which there are real imperial stickies. This is part of the residence, which also includes monarchs.
- Belvedere Gallery, located in the same lock. Among the submitted works, there are quite a few municipalities of Gustav Clima.
- Museum of Natural Historywhere you can see the skeleton of the dinosaur. Part of the exhibits previously belonged to the Augusts.
- Technical MuseumOpen at the time of the Habsburgs. You can see not only a collection of antique musical instruments, but also cars of past years;
- Transport Museumcalculated on buses and metro fans. By visiting it, you can immediately imagine how the townspeople moved along the capital in the last century.
- Kaisergruft.. This is an imperial crypt, where the monarchs from the Dynasty of the Habsburgs are resting.
Contemporaries consideredMozartand the man is frivolous and walking. Partly this is true -composerhe loved noisy feast, but at the same time surprised everyone with his workability.
It is impossible to describe all worthy places of the city - they are at every step, so we limited to the most popular.
Vienna is unthinkable without its parks - greens here are very much, they grow even grapes that rarity for the capital. The municipal park and Belvedere also worth entering the tour program. Walking in Belvedere, you can go to any of the two palaces in which museums are located.
Other types of entertainment
In addition to the richest past, captured in buildings and temples, Vienna Tourist offers and modern forms of pastime.
Leisure
On the outskirts in Kalenberg there is a huge cable park, which is shot by air tracks and playgrounds on the trees. For children, there are separate "tracks", which are not above 1 m. You can get there any day from 10 in the morning. For security, you should not worry - briefing is required before walk.
Before departure, I will definitely make a medstrashovka - without it a visa will not give out. To do this, it is better to choose a proven company.
In the summer, an indoor skating rink in Stadthall, but to get there is problematic - it is open only on Tuesdays for four hours. Winter skating rink in front of the town hall opens in mid-January, and the schedule is more loyal: from 9 to 22 hours.
For family holiday The Park Prater is suitable with his attractions. In the evening they are highlighted, and even one circle on the ferris wheel will leave vivid impressions. However, in the summer there may be queues.
An active person will suit the car on the car - this is a ride around the city on a small "hot-kind" with accompanying. So you can feel the entire rhythm of the city, because the tour passes on ordinary roads.
There is also a large number of cycling - from power excursions to extreme Mount Bayking. Climate Vienna allows practicing such a vacation most of the year.
Night life
Despite some primacy, the Austrian capital is rich in different kinds of clubs. There are many of them, and they are designed for any wallet. The pricing policy, as elsewhere, is determined by the location.
For several centuries in a row Vienna was considered the center of secular life in Europe. In many ways, this is the merit of famous balls.
The Beverly Hills Club is considered to be the club "The Beverly Hills" on Salerstatte is a center, and prices are high here. For the entrance will have to pay 9 euros. The interior of the Chicarem Club, the atmosphere is saturated with drive and dancing. The establishment works until 5 am.
You can also get to this club on the flyer - if it is presence, you need to pay only 3 euros.
Otherwise, night entertainment in Vienna is not too different from similar events in other countries, but safety is higher.
For a more relaxing rest, you can advise "Jazzland", the local "Hard Rock Cafe", the Irish Pub "Bockshorn" and the wine storage. For lovers beautiful species "Onyx bar" is suitable, and foaming connoisseurs will be delighted with the KOLAR bar menu.
Vienna city transportation system and car rental
The population of veins with suburbs is more than 2.5 million people, so transport here is presented in large quantities.
The airport is located outside the city 18 km from the center. From the third terminal regular buses regularly.
There is a huge number of trams and buses in the city, and there is a subway with 5 branches. There is a system of unified tickets that are sold in automata. The daily subscription will cost 7.60 euros, and in two days they pay 13.30 euros. A week ticket costs 16.20 euros.
One-time tickets are 2.20 euros: on them, within the city, you can drive with a transfer, but without a long break.
Bus tickets buy from the driver, while trams are equipped with trifle machines. A tempting for some time - there are no turnstiles in the subway, although the ticket compost will still have to compost, because controllers work there.
The city electric train is out of town, and the price is different there.
All urban transport does not go after 23:30 (the exclusion is the subway, which employs another hour).
When renting a car, you need rights (preferably international sample), passport, insurance and bank account. By the age of the driver, too, there are requirements - rolling cars are given from 21 years, and the most prestigious models are only with 25.
Water water in Vienna is very clean, it can be drunk, not even boil.
By signing the contract, make sure that the CDW, 3RD and Party Liability items mean there are analogs of our CASCO and OSAGO. Theft waiver must also be prescribed.
"Skoda Fabia" with a manual transmission will cost from 45 euros, for Volkswagen Golf will ask at least 60 euros per day. Minivan will cost at least 70 euros, while sports car is about 170 euros.
With long-term rental daily payment decreases. Rolling companies like "Hertz", "Megadrive" and "Europcar" regularly conduct shares with which you can find on their sites.
Accommodation in Vienna
With overnight, if you reserve in advance, there are no problems. All hotels in the city can be divided into the following groups:
- available (from 55 euro / day) scattered throughout Vienna, located in the center can be occupied, especially in summer. Rooms - from double to those calculated on six;
- middle class (from 80-85 euros). It is already more convenient here, the room can be stylized "under ancient";
- luxury (from 150 euros).
Before booking the room, ask the owner for more photos.
The apartments are often offered by mini-hotels. Cost good housing For two per day - 110-120 euros. Breakfast is already included in this amount. To make mercy, you need to book the appropriate option in advance.
As for the apartments, the prices for them begin from 40 euros.
Real estate here is traditionally the road, and for long lease You need to have several spare options - in summer, tourists can "smother" the price exhibited by the owner. If we talk about hostels, you can meet 20 euros - this is the price for a place near the station.
What to bring as a gift from Vienna: Shopping
For lovers of shopping here, just paradise, so the question of what to buy in Vienna would be good to solve before the trip.
Mozart can be called the most famous "brand" of the city: by the number of souvenirs and goods with their image, the composer leads.
The fan also has something to see. The Vienna derby between Rapid and Ausustra has a centuryary history and each time is accompanied by large-scale performances.
In order not to guess, it is better to stop the selection on the same name and sweets. They may seem expensive, but cheaper most likely are fake.
Here is a small list of gifts that can be brought from the Vienna Tour:
- praline with flower petals (2.5-3 euros);
- cake "Zaher" of the confectionery Demell;
- coffee varieties "Giusto" (15 euros).
From souvenirs you can highlight the wine glasses of the company "Rieder".
Wine glasses - excellent souvenir from the capital of Austria The famous Vienna Porcelain of Augusta Manufactory is a mansion - for 30 euros you can buy a small vase or an animal figurine. Not bad souvenir will also be a plate or a cup, painted by climt paintings.
Products made of glass brand "Lobmaireer" - one business card of the city. For example, you can purchase an imperial coffee maker: This openwork makes an eye, but it is expensive (from 170 euros).
An experienced tourist is in no hurry to buy the first souvenir. By going through several stores, you can find more affordable prices.
The products described refer to typically Viennese, but everyone can choose something corresponding to their interests. There are many vein as boutiques and antique shops.
Vienna Kitchen: Cafes and Restaurants
For gourmets here Razdat: Restaurants Vienna will delight anyone. The traditional metropolitan menu includes such dishes:
- wiener Schnitzel;
- roast beef with bow;
- salad;
- wens Chicken;
- local goulash;
- sausages on a special recipe;
- boyischel (Ragu from offal).
It turns out that there is barely enough for a meeting with the kitchen. If the choice is made in favor of a meat dish, be sure to specify the size of the portion - this is indicated in the menu.
The biggest schitzels serve in the Figmuller restaurant. This is the establishment of the average price category, where dinner is worth about 20 euros. There are budget cafes, but they rarely make it possible to feel a cookery color, offering standard dishes.
Now our readers know exactly where Vienna is located, and what it is famous. Have a nice trip!
Natural conditions
Vienna is located in the eastern part of Austria, on the banks of the Danube River. The greatest height of the city above sea level is celebrated in the Hermanskogel area (542 m), and the smallest - in Esling (155 m). The city is borders the Vienna Forest - an extensive recreation area - a phenomenon, rare for large European cities. Mining and hilly surroundings of Vienna - a very picturesque sight.
In formation natural conditions A big role is played by the neighborhood of the Austrian capital with the Alps: the winds are blowing at any time of the year, although the climate is here, thanks to the facilities (warm winds from the mountains), rather soft (subalpine). average temperature Air during the winter months is -1.5 ° C; Frosts from -12 to -18 ° C are rare. In winter, snowfall is often noted, and strong enough. Sitting in the form of snow also falls into the spring and autumn periods. In summer, the thermometer column is held at about + 20 ° C. The average annual precipitation reaches 700-2000 mm.
Population, language, religion
The main population of Vienna is Austrians. The Austrian nation was gradually folded by mixing various nations. The Germans became the basis of the basis, although Celts, Rights and Illyrians played a considerable role in the formation of the nation, to which Slavs later joined. AT austrian capital More than 1.6 million people live.
The population of Vienna speaks german languagewhich is state-owned, but nevertheless residents of the capital of Austria often use dialect words and revolutions that are not found, for example, in Germany. English is quite common.
Religion plays a major role in the life of veins. The Constitution of Austria guarantees its inhabitants freedom of religion, although there are some age limitations. In children under the age of 10, the choice of religion is determined by their parents. At the age of 10-12 years, the teenager's opinion should be taken into account by the rest of the family. After 12 years, a person has the right to his own religious views. More than 80% of the population of the capital confess Catholicism. Protestantism's commitment retains about 6% of veins inhabitants.
History of development
The territory occupied by the modern veins was the first to settles the Celts. In IV n. e. Here, the Roman legionnaires camp, giving him the name of Windbone. The mention of Vienna is first found in the chronicles of 881, then in some historical documents dating from 1030s. In 1137, at Leopold, Ivna became known in Europe as sufficient big City. Located at the crossroads of trade routes, it acquired more and more economic importance, and by the middle of the XII. became the residence of the Austrian Dukes of Babenbergs. By the time of their reign refers to the construction of Stefanskire - the Church in the Romanesque style.
From 1278 Vienna - the stronghold of the Dynasty of the Habsburgs, showing special love for the city during their reign. Thanks to the Duke Rudolph, the Gothic perestroika Stefanskire was opened, and in 1365 the University was opened in the city.
In 1469, a long-standing dream of the genus of the Habsburgs came true: Pavel Paval Cayiser Friedrich IIIIrs to create Vienna Bishopra.
Kaiser Maximilian I (1493-1519) significantly expanded the influence of the house of Habsburg, taking Maria Burgundy to his wife. As a result of this favorable marriage, the Habsburg dynasty provided themselves to owning the territory of the Netherlands. In addition, Kaiser strengthened his influence in Bohemia and Hungary, the marriage of his grandchildren at the royal heirs of these countries.
During the XVI-XVIIIV. The entire population of Vienna experienced heavy tests. The city reflected two Turkish siege: one in 1529, another - in 1683 in 1679, the plague epidemic broke out in Vienna. Prior to that, there were about 100 thousand inhabitants in the city, and as a result of the outbreak of terrible disease, which took many human lives, the population was reduced by a third. About the Pir of "Black Death" to the present reminds the column of plague in Graben.
Kaizer Karl IV stopped in Vienna Church of Karloskirche, thereby expressing his gratitude to God for relatively short damage, which was inflicted during the epidemic. Some time later, Karl Ivizdav "Pragmatic" sanction, opened his daughter Mary Teresia, the road to the throne.
Despite the fact that the neighboring countries tried to challenge her domination, Maria Teresia during his reign (1740-1780), as a supporter of enlightenment, introduced a mandatory 6-year education in the city and conducted a number of administrative reforms. Son and the heir to Mary Teresiai, Joseph II (1780-1790), was the largest reformer of the House of Habsburg. He issued a decree that canceled the serfdom and proclaimed freedom of religion. During the reign of Mary Teresia, Schönbrunn Palace was completed. The first projects of the palace developed I. Fisher von Erlah. He suggested to build Schönbrunn on the elevation, but due to the lack of funds, the initial design of the architect was changed. Some elements of this building are made in the rococo style.
Napoleonic Wars and the French Revolution of 1789, which significantly changed the political situation in all European countries, could not but affect the international status of Vienna. Kaiser Franz IIIV 1804 founded the Austrian Empire (from the crown of the "Sacred Roman Empire" he refused two years later), and the center of political events occurring in Europe was moved to Vienna. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, there was a need for compiling new card Europe, which would reflect all changes that occurred as a result of accession or loss by those or other countries of their former territories. Thus, Vienna has gained international importance, becoming a venue for the Vienna Congress. As you know, it has adopted the most important historical decisions on the consolidation of the monarchical system in France and the definition of new borders between states who participated in Napoleonic wars.
The first half of the XIX. It was for the Austrian Empire, the change of change, known as the bidermeyer. During this period, a police state system was created, characteristic features of which were the presence of censorship, espionage for citizens of the country, etc. As a result of such an arbitrariness of the authorities, public life was experiencing a state of crisis. Significant progress was noted only in the sphere of culture and art: it was during this period the style of the bidermeyer was born, the founders of which became famous Vienna composers, artists and theatrical figures.
In the first half of the XIX. Vienna, located on the border between the romantic south and the modest north, in the heart of Europe, at the junction of different cultures, and always attracting artists and musicians, turned into a pan-European Music Center. At this time, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, who moved here from his native Salzburg in 1827, was already in Vienna, and Josef Haydn, the founder of the classical symphony and the "Father of String Quartet", and Ludwig Van Beethoven. The activities of these composers left an indelible mark in the history and culture of the Austrian capital, and outstanding works were called the "Vienna Classic". In Vienna, the composer Franz Schubert (1797-1828), who wrote about 600 songs in this city.
Thanks to the "King Waltz", Johann Strauss, a new dance - Vienna Waltz - began his triumphal march in the world. The essays of Johann Brahms (1833-1897), who also worked in Vienna, preferred to perform musicians playing symphony orchestras.
On March 28, 1842, the Orchestra of the Vienna Philharmonic Gave his first concert. Subsequently, in 1869, he moved to the building of the musical society. A national opera who has a permanent repertoire and probably the best opera orchestra in the world has been very popular. In the Viennese restaurants, as if coming with professionals, folk music ensembles performed artfully arranged Viennese songs. Such ensembles are preserved to this day. In the era of Biedermeyer experienced the time of his heyday and the Viennese theater, and Viennese Fine Arts. The scene was set by the works of Ferdinand Ramunda, Johann Nesnoye, Franz Grillparcere. Each secured resident of Vienna considered it necessary to order the famous artist's own portrait. Currently, the paintings by Rudolph Alta, Friedrich Amerling, George Waldmüller, like the Furniture of the Bidermeir era, are highly imposed on international auctions.
The Epoch of the Biedermeyer ended with the revolution of 1848, in which residents of Vienna took a very active part. After revolutionary events in the city of Kaiser Ferdinand, who was at that time in power, was forced to renounce it. The throne inherited the Poddinand's nephew, 18-year-old Franz Inef I, who was driven by the House of Habsburg over the next 68 years. In 1857, an old center of the city was demolished at his order. Here subsequently laid main Street Vienna - Ringstrasse, officially opened in 1865 as a whole during the Board of Caiser Franz Izifea, Vienna, there was an unprecedented economic and cultural ascent.
In the era of Grunferty, which began in the second half of the XIX., The main street of the city - Ringstrasse - was decorated with their masterpieces such prominent architects, like Godfrid Zempell and Karl Hazenauer, Friedrich Schmidt, Heinrich Ferstel, Teofil Hansen, Auguston Sigghardsburg and Eduard van der Nülull. At that time, the buildings were erected in the style of historicism, using various styles as the basis of the periods of the previously preceded by the Epoch of Grunender.
In 1867, Austria united with Hungary, and Vienna became the capital of the new state - Austria-Hungary. Despite the fact that the Union collapsed at the beginning of the First World War, until today's days, the concept of "Austro-Hungarian monarchy" concludes a deep historical meaning.
At the end of the XIX. The city continued to magically attract artists and scientists who enriched his spiritual life. At that time, the Viennese University and the Academy of Sciences had already enjoyed world fame, in particular schools in the world community, T. Bilrot, I. Lazhelzeys and 3. Freud. In 1897, representatives of the Vienna Bohemia were founded by a group
Secession, which included K. Moser, Klimt, K. Mall and O. Wagner.
In 1903, at the initiative of I. Hoffman and K. Moz, Viennese workshops were opened in Vienna ", engaged in the manufacture of furniture, dishes, textiles and art noury decorations. Artists sought not to simply embody their ideas, but to change the entire lifestyle of Vienna, offering citizens a new direction not only in architecture, but also in the decoration of the premises, furniture design: household items. The first decades of the XXV. Were saturated with political: events in Europe, which became turning and for the history of Vienna. The beginning of the collapse of the Dynasty of the Habsburgs was the first world war, which began in 1914, the reason for the unleashing of hostilities was the murder of the heir to the throne of the Habsburgs - Franz Ferdinand and his wife, which occurred on June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo. Kaiser Franz Joseph I who survived a few more personal tragedies, died on November 21, 1916
The First World War led to the fall of the House of Habsburgs, and the creation of the first republic was the cause of economic decline in Vienna generated by inflation and internal political struggle. In 1928, mass public unrest began in Vienna, and in February 1934, the country covered civil war.
On March 12, 1938, Vienna was occupied by Hitler's troops, as a result of which Austria has lost its state status for several years.
Vienna was released from the German-fascist invaders with parts of the Soviet Army. On April 27, 1945, the declaration of independence of Austria and the formation of the Second Republic, the main city of which was Vienna.
The consequences of the war were felt anymore for 10 years. Independence was completely returned to Austria and, accordingly, Vienna on May 15, 1955, after signing the State Treaty in Belvedere on the withdrawal of allied troops from the country and its state sovereignty. On October 25 of the same year, a law on constant neutrality of Austria was adopted.
Currently, Vienna is a major center Western Europesuch as cultural and economic.
Cultural meaning
A large number of historical monuments, the completion of architectural ensembles, many cozy boulevards and parks - the characteristics of the Austrian capital, making it one of the most beautiful cities in Europe. In that part of the vein, which spread on the right bank of the Danube, there were still elements of the radial-ring layout of the period of the Middle Ages. Here are the vintage boulevards Ring and the Gurrtel, embedded in the XIX. At the site of the former city walls. The semiring of these boulevards coexist on the Danube coast and intersect several streets of the city.
The historic center of Vienna is the Old Town, surrounded by Ring Boulevard, is replete with narrow winding streets and very picturesque architectural structures, among which there are many churches. So, here is the famous St. Stephen Cathedral, built in XII-XVV. In romance and gothic styles. The height of the southern Tower of the Cathedral reaches 136 m. In addition, in the old town there is a church of St. Maria-am-gestade (XVV.), Whose architectural forms are inherent in a pronounced gothic style. Hofburg Palace, where in the past century there was a residence of representatives of the ruling Habsburg dynasty, was built in the XVI. And acquired a new appearance at the end of the XVIIII- early XIX. Thanks to the original project of architects K. Hazenauer and Mr. Merper.
The building of the National Library, built in the 1720-1730s. According to the architect I. Fisher, the village of Erlach and, which is a monument of Vienna architecture, is also located in historical center cities. Between two boulevards - Ring and Gürtel - there are four palaces, built in the first half of the XVIIIV, during the baroque period: upper, lower. Belvedere and Schwarzenberg. All of them are built according to original projects of architect L. Hildebrandt. In the same area there is a church of St. Carla Borryei, built according to the plan of architect I. Fisher von Erlach in the 1730s.
Behind Boulevard Güttel is the Schönbrunn Palace, surrounded by a magnificent park. The construction of this building, which is an excellent example of Baroque architecture, led I. Fisher von Earlch and N. Pakasi.
In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Boulevard Ring there is a building of the Vienna Opera, built with 1869 by architects A. Zikcard Background Zikarkardsburg and E. van der Nyulm. The architectural forms of this building are inherent in the features of the front eclectic, characteristic of the European architecture of the second half of the XIX. Elements of the same style were used in the construction of the Parliament Building (1870-1880s, Architect T. Hansen) and the City Hall (1870-1880-E., Architect F. Schmidt).
According to the projects K. Khazenauer and the city of Zemper in Vienna in the second half of the XIX. Two museums were built: natural-historical and artistic and historical, as well as the Burgteater building. Outstanding samples of the architecture "YUGENDSTTAL" are the buildings of the Vienna Specialist (1890s., Architect I. Olbrich), Hospitals Steinhof (1907, Architect O. Wagner), Austrian Museum (1913, Architect I. Hofman). A number of architectural attractions of the city refers to the style of Modern. This is Karl-Marxhof (currently Hayilienstedterhof), built in 1929 according to the project of architect K. Ena; West Station (1954, Architect R Harterger); Hall Stadthall 1958, Architect R Rainer); A number of structures at the garden exhibition (1960s). The stations of the city metro in Vienna were also built in the style of modern projects O. Wagner, the famous architect of this era. According to his own projects, a house with the Facade of Maitolik on the street of Linkov Wintsile, the building of the Savings Bank and the Church of Am Steinhoff.
Vienna is a city of museums and exhibitions. Currently, it is possible to familiarize themselves with the most interesting expositions presented in the artistic historical, natural historical, historical museum of Vienna, as well as in the Museum of Albertin, Museum homes V. Mozart, L. Beethoven, I. Gaidna, F. Schubert, and . Strauss, I. Salman. World art masterpieces collections are kept in the Austrian Gallery and the Academy of Fine Arts, which are located in Vienna.
In addition, the capital is the Austrian Museum of Applied Arts,
Museum of Military History, Austrian Ethnographic Museum, Technical Museum of Industry and Crafts, Museum of Vienna Watch, Tin Museum, in which the collection of tin products r fetter, etc. In the Vienna Art Gallery, along with Masterpieces A. Durera, P. Rubens, D. Velasquez and Titian, the painting of P. Bruegel "Snow Hunters" is exhibited, familiar to many of our compatriots on the film A. Tarkovsky "Solaris".
Vienna University - The oldest higher educational institution of the city (post in 1365). In addition, in the Austrian capital there are higher technical schools, the Academy of Fine Arts, the Academy of Music and Stage Art, Institute of World Trade, Conservatory, etc. The Austrian Academy of Sciences is located in Vienna, as well as a number of scientific societies and research institutes. The largest library of the city is national. More than 1.9 million volumes are stored here; Many publications represent a great historical value.
The most famous Vienna theaters - Vienna State Opera, Burgteateater and Volksoper. Modeling Vienna opera House Now known all over the world. The Operetta Theater also plays a last role in the life of the city, since it was in Vienna who worked leading masters of the ceremony genre.
Information for tourists
Vienna - Center for International Tourism. The wonderful panorama of the city opens from the observation platform of the Cathedral of St. Stephen, located at an altitude of 70 m above the ground. A very attractive place for tourists coming to Vienna is the famous Viennese Forest: a special interest here is a visit to a hunting estate. Moreover, for those who want to admire the magnificent views of the city and picturesque valleys Rivers Danube Open observation deck, located on Mount Calenberg, in the northwestern part of the Vienna Forest.
To visit Viennese stores, you should choose from 6 hours in the morning to 6-7 h, and on Saturday - up to 5 h. The main post office and mail railway station work without days a week, around the clock.
Cash payments in Vienna are carried out in euros, as Austrian shillings have ceased their walking in the country from March 1, 2002. Free exchange of Austrian shillings on the euro can be made at the National Bank of Austria.
The one who has not yet was in the city of Vienna, let you envy, and who really wants to visit it - it's time to pack suitcases and leave for visit. Spring is one of the wonderful times of the year when warm days are gaining their turnover, and nature and weather still features good walks in the Vienna streets.
Each person, when mentioning this city, is born various associations and memories. Vienna - the capital of Austria can not dislike, it attracts its guests an aristocratic grace and charm.
Bread and spectacle
When we pronounce the word Vienna, most of us remember the famous Vienna Waltz. Connoisseurs of music recall the Strauss and Mozart, the dancers about the Vienna Opera, Gourmet about the sausage and coffee in Vensky, as well as the famous Vienna Schnitzel.
The traditional meat dish is made only from veal cutting. It is considered one of the expensive varieties of meat in Austria. The Motherland of Waltz and King Waltz Strauss Vienna since past periods is currently holding the championship march for the title of world capital of balls. In recent years, the Viennese balls began to spend around the world, as if preserving the tradition of this amazing city.
More Vienna is considered the best city Parks, baking and wines.
The most popular sweet dish in Vienna is considered - strudelwhich is an apple pie or roll. The creation of such a dessert takes a lot of time and confectioner's skills. The dough itself for an unusual apple cake must be reminded by subtleties with papyrus paper, and the taste is to melt in the mouth. According to the ancient tradition, the bride was chosen as she knew how to cook strudel.
Occasionally robbed with fragrant coffee or tea. And the main achievement of the Viennese residents is considered wine. At the close distance from Vienna there is a small town, where the monks of the local monastery made wine about a thousand years ago, and their knowledge and skills in wine skills are considered one of the ancients in Europe.
Sights of Vienna
As in any other city, tourists and guests of the city attract the sights of Vienna. If you are lucky enough to visit here, you must attend the magnificent palace Hofburg, as well as not to forget about the visit to the summer residences of the Habsburgs Schönbrunne.
In this residence, the headquarters of the most great emperor was once located. Also, in one of the halls of Schönbrune, at the sixth aged he himself also played by anyone unknown great Mozart. In the art gallery with enviable constancy, art exhibitions are held, which can be familiar with the canvas of great masters, as well as admire the architectural beauty of the palace and his ensemble.
Do not forget to look in Vienna in Modern Art MuseumVisit center for ballroom dance and Tobacco Museum. Of course, do not forget about Vienna operain which you need to visit. St. Stephen's Cathedral is a mandatory visit point for any tourist.
After the cultural program, it is necessary to refresh it to continue to continue your journey, because Vienna is a city that manites in their surroundings in search of interesting things.
And as if tourists did not walk and did not look at the sights, the evening of the evening comes and it means it was time to rest. Best hotels Vienna is always happy to reveal their doors to visitors. Comfort and comfort you are always guaranteed, and attentive staff will select hotel room At your request, and even in the morning will wake in time so that you are not late for the morning Viennese coffee.
And with the onset of the morning you can only admire the beautiful views of this famous city.
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