Korea Asia or the Middle East. Countries of Southeast Asia: list and features of economic development

Asia from A to Z: countries, cities and resorts of Asia. Map, photo and video, Asian peoples. Descriptions and reviews of tourists.

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The largest part of the world, washed by three oceans and containing 53 states, Asia on the world map is like a motley carpet of cultures, languages, nationalities. Perhaps there is no region on Earth that is more diverse and rich in all kinds of wonders. From Israel to the Philippines, from Mongolia to India, stretched its lands mercilessly scorched by the sun. Although man came from Africa, it was here that he learned to sow and reap, invented the wheel, writing and philosophy. Over the millennia, Asia has seen a lot: the flourishing of great civilizations and bloodthirsty hordes of nomads, magnificent pearls of creativity and primitive cruelty, devastation and fertility, millions of wars and the birth of religions. It is not surprising that Asia is the subject of the most intense tourist interest today. Here are such pillars of the industry as Turkey, Thailand, Maldives, India, Israel, the United Arab Emirates and a lot of developing countries in the tourism sense - Vietnam, South Korea, Oman, etc.

What is he, a portrait of an "Asian" tourist? Let's start with the fact that the main thing that people go to Asia for is, of course, exoticism, moreover, its own exotic, authentic and not at all similar to, say, African. Whether temple complexes India or the fire soup "tom-yam" in the Pattaya diner, the calls to prayer pouring from the minarets of Damascus, or the Orthodox Jews marching in the July heat in fur hats through the streets of Jerusalem - everything is permeated with the Asian flavor: bright, always unexpected, a little discouraging and Remaining in memory like a frozen frame from a film. Pictures of Asia - a whirlwind of variegated colors, a combination of incongruous, crazy beauty and an excess of lines, shades, shapes.

By the way, in terms of climate, Asia is more than diverse: on its territory you can find weather for every taste. I wanted snow - welcome to north coast Mother Russia, she likes the heat - we ask you to proceed to the July Emirates, if you want humid tropics - you have a direct road to the Philippines. In addition, God himself ordered rock climbers to go to Asia - to Everest and for those who prefer more than calm sea spaces - to the Dead Sea. And for those who want to stay in the very center of Asia, we recommend going to Irkutsk: this city bears the title of the geographical "navel" of the region.

In addition, Asia is visited in order to touch spirituality. The largest world religions once emerged on its territory: Buddhism, Christianity, Islam. So the number of religious monuments is appropriate here: and numerous buddhist monasteries, pagodas and stupas, and places associated with the earthly life of Christ, and the most significant mosques.

Last but not least, it is worth mentioning the "idle" advantages of Asia, which include the coasts of several oceans and numerous seas, cleanest beaches with fine sand and other near-beach amenities - in the form of hotels, restaurants, discos and other developed infrastructure. Well, and, of course, gourmets will not remain deprived of vivid impressions: the world has never seen such a number of spices, aromatic plants and hot peppers that Asian housewives use! Whether it's Rajasthani chicken with curry sauce or Tajik khash, an unforgettable experience is guaranteed!

• Western Asia: Azerbaijan, Armenia, Bahrain, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Yemen, Qatar, Cyprus, Kuwait, Lebanon, UAE, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Syria and Turkey
• South Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Iran, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka
• Southeast Asia: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Brunei, Timor Leste, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Malaysia
• East Asia: China, Taiwan, Japan, DPRK, Republic of Korea and Mongolia
• Central Asia (aka Central or Front): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan

Southeast Asia is a fairly large region of the planet with a population of 600 million people. Today, there are 11 lists of which are given below, differ significantly from each other in level and models economic development... About these differences and speech will be in our article.

Countries of Southeast Asia: list and capitals

Southeast Asia region covers an area of \u200b\u200bfive million square kilometers... From the name itself it is clear that it is located in the southeastern part of Asia. Part the region geographers usually include 11 states. Six of them are located on the continent, and five more are located on islands and archipelagos adjacent to the mainland.

So all countries South-East Asia (list):

• Vietnam.
• Cambodia.
• Laos.
• Myanmar.
• Thailand.
• Malaysia.
• Indonesia.
• Philippines.
• Singapore.
• Brunei.
• East Timor.

It should be noted that geographically, the eastern parts of India and Bangladesh also belong to Southeast Asia.

Southeast Asia: cultural and economic-geographical characteristics of the region

This region is home to at least 600 million people, 35% of whom are residents of one country, Indonesia. It is here that (the most densely populated on the planet) is located. There are a lot of migrants from China in the region. They mainly settle in Malaysia, the Philippines and

The indigenous peoples of the region are very diverse. Malays, Thais, Vietnamese, Burmese, Javanese and dozens of smaller nations live within Southeast Asia. The most popular religions here are Islam and Buddhism; Protestantism is widespread in some territories.

The formation of local culture was significantly influenced by Chinese, Indian, Arab and Spanish cultures. The cult of tea and the habit of eating with chopsticks is very common in Southeast Asia. Music, architecture, painting are very slightly different in each of the ethnic groups of the region.

The economy of many countries in Southeast Asia is strongly tied to agriculture; industry and the service sector are gradually developing. In some countries of the region, tourism has become an important sector of the national economy (this is primarily Thailand, Singapore, Cambodia).

Developing countries of Southeast Asia: list

A developing country is a rather relative concept. It means a state whose performance is significantly lower than that of the rest of the world.

According to the generally accepted classification, all 11 states of Southeast Asia should be classified as developing countries. However, among them there are three countries with a weaker level of development. They are also called. They include:

• Laos.
• Cambodia.
• Myanmar.

The richest and most developed state in the region is Brunei, which is often referred to as "Islamic Disneyland". The reason for this prosperity is simple - substantial oil and gas reserves. The country has long been in the top ten world income level. It is curious that every second person who works at industrial enterprises in Brunei came here from neighboring, less prosperous countries.

NIS countries in the region

New (abbreviated - NIS) is understood as a group of states that have experienced a significant leap in development and have significantly improved all their economic and social indicators in a very short time (just a few decades).

The countries of this group demonstrate stunning rates (up to 5-8% per year), generate powerful transnational corporations, actively introduce the latest technologies, and devote a lot of attention and funds to the development of science and education. Which states of the region can be attributed to the NIS group?

So, the newly industrialized countries of Southeast Asia (list):

• Singapore.
• Malaysia.
• Thailand.
• Indonesia.
• Philippines.

In addition, another country in the region, Vietnam, has quite real prospects to add to this list.

Finally...

The countries of Southeast Asia, the list of which is given in this article, belong to developing countries of weak and medium development. Their economies still rely heavily on agriculture.

The most developed countries in the region are Singapore and Brunei, and the poorest are Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar.

Every year the popularity of recreation in the southeastern territories of Asia is growing. Unusual natural landscapes, historical monuments, a huge number of sacred places - all this contributes to the growth of the popularity of South Asian countries among those who want to relax. What states are included in this category? What are their geographic, economic and other features?

Countries of Southeast Asia: list

The total area of \u200b\u200bthis region is about 3.8 million square meters. km. Russian residents can visit almost each of these countries without a visa. Full list countries of Southeast Asia include the following states: Laos, Vietnam, Myanmar, Cambodia, Timor Leste, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Brunei.

A number of Asian countries have united in the Asia-Pacific Economic Community (APEC). More than 40% of the world's population lives in 18 of them. It is here that more than half of the entire GDP of the planet is produced. The core of the APEC community is precisely the countries of Southeast Asia. Their characteristics in terms of economic indicators are among the leading in the world. These states account for up to 46% of the total world trade turnover.

When is the best time to relax in South Asian countries?

You can travel to this region at least all year round - however, the experience of many tourists shows that first of all it is necessary to correctly define the country. For example, in January it is good to have a rest in countries such as India and Vietnam. You can also successfully relax in Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos, Sri Lanka. There is practically no rainfall in January.

The list of Southeast Asian countries that are good to visit in February includes India, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Malaysia. A trip to the Philippine Islands will also be successful. It is good to have a rest in Indonesia and Vietnam in spring. Summer is known to be rainy throughout the South Asian region. Malaysia, Indonesia, and travel to China are generally recommended this season. In autumn the best place the island of Hainan will be for rest.

The most popular countries among Russian tourists

Studies show that the list of countries in Southeast Asia, especially popular among russian tourists, includes India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam. Azure ocean landscapes, clean sand, waterfalls and mysterious caves - all this awaits vacationers in this paradise planets.

Sri Lanka - a holiday paradise

The island of Sri Lanka is located just 800 km from the equator. Bright colors, variety flora, sandy beaches and reefs - all this amazes the imagination of tourists, who every year more and more flock here. Until 1972, this island was known as Ceylon. Sri Lanka is separate today island nation in the South Asian region. This island was first inhabited about 100 thousand years ago. Already in those ancient times, more and more representatives of various races and nationalities flocked here. This not only made life in Ceylon more diverse, but also led to various conflicts and wars. Now most of the population of Sri Lanka is represented by Buddhists. State language is Sinhalese, however the vast majority of the population speaks English.

Many tourists choose for themselves not one country, but several at once. The message "Philippines - Singapore" is quite popular. Employees from the Philippines use this air transport every day. Flights depart from the Philippine city of Manila.

Thailand is a favorite country of Russian travelers

Of all the countries of Southeast Asia, Thailand is undoubtedly popular from year to year. The state is located simultaneously on two islands - Indochina and Malacca. Thailand is washed by the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. Vast forests grow in the northern territories of the country. The south is rich in luxurious beaches. The official language of Thailand is Thai, but English, Chinese, and Malay are also spoken. The vast majority of the population are Buddhists.

Peoples of the region

The peoples of Southeast Asia belong to the most diverse ethnic groups. They can differ significantly in anthropological characteristics. These are the Vietnamese, Burmese, Cambodian and Indonesian peoples, the so-called Lao, Khmer ethnic groups, Ache Malays, Bataks, Balinese and many others. A large number of people from India and China also live here. For example, on Philippine Islands there are more than 320 thousand Chinese. Most of them are from the southern regions of China.

The peoples of Southeast Asia are distinguished by their unusual traditions. For example, in many countries there is a belief that you should not touch another person's head or shoulders with your hands. Locals believe that good spirits live there, and by touching them, you can frighten them away. There is an unusual tradition in Vietnam - it is customary here to hang mirrors outside the front door. It is believed that if a dragon wants to come to the house, he will be afraid of himself and run away. The Vietnamese are generally a very superstitious people. They consider it a bad omen to meet a woman on the street when you leave the house at the beginning of the day. And also the Vietnamese never put cutlery on the table for one person, considering it a bad sign.

The material contains data on the sub-region of Asia. Tells about its specifics and growth rates in terms of the main factors of development and development of territories in their present form and condition. The article gives an idea of \u200b\u200bwhat caused such rapid progress in individual countries of Southeast Asia.

Subregion of Asia

This is a kind of macro-region. It covers territories of the continental and island type, which are located between China, India and Australia.

Figure: 1. Southeast Asia on the map.

From a geological point of view, the region is considered a volcanic site of the planet. However, this is offset by tropical climates and unique nature, which captures the number of exotic representatives of flora and fauna.

The region stretches for 3.2 thousand km in the direction from north to south and 5.6 thousand km in the direction from west to east. Almost a hundred nationalities live here, which make up almost 8% of the total population of the Earth.

Especially densely populated is the island of Java, which is recognized as the most populated area of \u200b\u200bthe planet.

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Figure: 2. Java island.

Now, due to the similarity of geographical and natural conditions an economic, cultural and ideological complex typical for the region was formed.

Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos are also called Indo-Chinese powers, and island countries are designated by the generally accepted name for them Nusantara.

The states are in a commonwealth through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), which includes everyone except East Timor.

The backbone of the community is the region itself, which has high growth rates - 8-10% per year, with average rates of 2-3% for countries with a developed industrial complex.

List of countries in Southeast Asia

• Vietnam;
• Cambodia;
• Laos;
• Myanmar;
• Thailand;
• Brunei;
• East Timor;
• Philippines;
• Malaysia;
• Indonesia;
• Singapore.

At present, the countries, like their capitals, are rapidly progressing. This is indicated by the high positions that they occupy in modern world... New industrial powers are developing very rapidly. Here, the main importance is attached to: the level of education of the population, as well as the development of the economy and the creation of new production facilities.

In terms of the human development index, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia occupy leading positions in the world.

Figure: 3. Night Singapore.

The main feature of such countries is the transparency of the economy, the formation of industries based on high technologies, a high level of services, tourism orientation, attractiveness for foreign investors, significant investments in their own economy.

brief information

Asia got its name from ancient Greek mythology. Once upon a time, Asia (Asia) was the daughter of the titan god Oceanid, who became the wife of Prometheus. The ancient Greeks borrowed the word "asia" from the Assyrians, who called the place where the sun rises. Therefore, the Greeks began to call the territory that lies east of Greece as Asia.

In modern Asia, states are at different levels of development. If Bangladesh and Afghanistan are firmly stuck in the Middle Ages, then South Korea, Singapore, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Japan are advanced economies.

Geography of Asia

Asia is the largest continent on Earth. Its total area is over 43.4 million square meters. km (this is 30% of the Earth's territory). Asia is considered part of the Eurasia Peninsula.

In the west, the border of Asia runs along Ural mountains... In the north, Asia is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean, in the east - The Pacific (East China, Bering, Okhotsk, South China, Japan and Yellow seas), and in the south - by waters Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea).

In addition, the shores of Asia are also washed by the waters of the Red and Mediterranean Seas.

Since Asia occupies a huge territory, it is clear that the climate on this continent is very diverse. In Western and Eastern Siberia the climate is continental, in Central and Central Asia - desert and semi-desert, in East, South, as well as in Southeast Asia - monsoon (monsoon season - June-October), in some regions equatorial, and far north - arctic.

Among the Asian rivers, of course, the Yangtze (6300 km), the Yellow River (5464 km), the Ob (5410 km), the Mekong (4500 km), the Amur (4440 km), the Lena (4400) and the Yenisei (4 092 km) should be mentioned. ).

The five largest lakes in Asia include the following: Aral Sea, Baikal, Balkhash, Tonle Sap and Issyk-Kul.

A significant part of Asia is mountains. It is in Asia that the Himalayas, Pamirs, Hindu Kush, Altai and Sayans are located. The most big mountain in Asia - Everest (Chomolungma), its height is 8,848 meters.

Numerous deserts await travelers in Asia, among which, perhaps, the Gobi, Taklamakan, Karakum and the Arabian Peninsula deserts should be distinguished. In total, there are more than 20 deserts in Asia.

Population of Asia

On this moment the population of Asia already exceeds 4.3 billion people. This is about 60% of the total population of the Earth. At the same time, the annual population growth in Asia is about 2%.

Almost the entire population of Asia belongs to the Mongoloid race, which, in turn, is divided into small races - North Asian, Arctic, South Asian and Far Eastern. In Iraq, on the territory of southern Iran and northern India the Indo-Mediterranean race predominates. In addition, there are many other races in Asia, for example, Caucasoid and Negroid.

Asian countries

On the territory of Asia, 55 states are fully or partially located (of which 5 are the so-called unrecognized republics). The largest Asian country is China (its territory covers 9,596,960 sq. Km), and the smallest is the Maldives (300 sq. Km).

In terms of population, China (1.39 billion people) is ahead of all countries in the world. Other Asian countries have fewer inhabitants: India - 1.1 billion people, Indonesia - 230 million people, and Bangladesh - 134 million people.

Regions of Asia

The territory of Asia is so large that politicians, journalists or scholars sometimes divide it into the Middle East, Western Asia and Far East... However, geographically, it is more correct to divide Asia into 5 regions:

East Asia (China, Japan, South and North Korea and Mongolia);
- Western Asia (Armenia, Lebanon, Syria, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Jordan, Yemen, Qatar, Iraq, Kuwait, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Turkey);
- Southeast Asia (Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, East Timor, Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines and Myanmar);
- South Asia (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Iran, Afghanistan, Maldives, Bhutan, Nepal and Sri Lanka);
- Central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan).

Asian cities are the most populous in the entire world. The largest of all cities in Asia is Bombay (India), which already has a population of over 12.2 million. Others largest cities Asia - Seoul, Jakarta, Karachi, Manila, Delhi, Shanghai, Tokyo, Beijing and Tehran.