What pair of states are located in oceania. Island States of Oceania

On the planet. Interesting events and facts are associated with the culture and history of Oceania. For example, it was here that many ghost islands were mistakenly discovered during the Great Geographical Discoveries.

Where is Oceania located

The countries of Oceania are located on islands in the waters of the west and center The Pacific... Oceania is a collection of several thousand islands located between Malay Archipelago and Australia. Geographically, since the time of the French navigator Dumont-D'Urville, the territory is divided into Micronesia, Polynesia and Melanesia.

Micronesia includes a number of small islands in northwestern Oceania. The Polynesian Islands form a triangle in the east, with Hawaii as the top peak. Melanesia is the territory of the southwestern part.

Oceania islands

The total land area of \u200b\u200bthe islands of Oceania is 1.26 million square kilometers. is the largest concentration of islands in the world. The climate and relief of each island is unique.

Basically, the islands are of coral or volcanic origin. Among them there are those that are the tops of underwater volcanoes or ridges. Volcanic activity and earthquakes are still observed on the islands. The largest are objects located closer to Australia: New Guinea, Solomon islands, New Zealand.

Oceania countries

The sovereign islands are located on the islands of Oceania and the borders of states pass through the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Some of the islands are the possessions of Europe and America.

In foreign geographical literature, Australia and Oceania are united under common name Oceania. Given this feature, one can also note such a sovereign state as Australia with

There are states in Oceania associated with European countries and the United States.

Among the islands of Oceania, there is the Chilean province of Isla de Pascua, which includes several islands, including the famous Western Oceanic is the territory of Indonesia. Thus, the countries of Oceania are as unique as the side of the world on which they are located. The smallest non-European state in the world is located here. Nauru is in Oceania, the population of which is about 13 thousand.

Oceania Tourism

Oceania, following the Malaysian archipelago, has been actively developing its tourism market in recent years. Some islands, in particular Hawaii, have become worldwide famous resorts... and Oceania pay great attention to the development of the tourism business, improving the quality of service, developing tourist routes... Of course, the most developed are Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and the islands, owned by countries Europe and America. There are many tourists in Oceania from Japan, South Africa, Canada, and the USA. From Europe, a flight to Oceania takes an average of 22 hours. Such a long flight and, accordingly, the cost of the flight are perhaps the only reasons that can be an obstacle to visiting the countries of Oceania.

The countries of Oceania are attractive for tourists, first of all, by their oceanic nature and beaches.

Oceania offers a wide variety of spa treatments. There are plenty of places for decent shopping here. The active tourist will find something to do. Open in Australia and New Zealand ski resorts with multilevel tracks. Diving and snorkeling in the waters of the Pacific Ocean is varied and exciting.

Most popular resorts Oceania are Lahaina, Honolulu, Wailea (Hawaii), Bora Bora, Tahiti, Fiji.

Many interesting facts are connected with the history of discovery and culture of the countries of Oceania. For example, exiles were the first to leave Europe for permanent residence in Australia. The Europeans reached the Fiji Islands in the 17th century, but the colony was formed here only in the 19th century, since the natives of Fiji were cannibals. 10% of the population of the Solomon Islands are blond: scientists could not give an explanation for the appearance of a special gene in their DNA. The only state in the world that is located in four hemispheres at once is Kiribati. IN Papua New Guinea over 800 languages \u200b\u200bcoexist, making it the most multilingual country in the world. Earlier, in the Yap island group, huge stones with a diameter of up to 3 meters were money.

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Australia was discovered at the beginning of the 17th century by the Dutch admiral Willem Janszon. Before this significant event, the continent was inhabited by local aborigines, and after the appearance of Europeans, it began modern history... Janszon, like Christopher Columbus, did not know until the end of his life that he had discovered a new continent. In 1770, the navigator James Cook approached the east coast of Australia and discovered it, according to the official version.

Geographical position

Australia is located in the southern hemisphere of the Earth. This continent is recognized as the smallest on Earth, with an area of \u200b\u200b7 659 861 km 2. The length from north to south is approximately 3200 km, and from west to east - 4000 km. Depending on the location, the climate has its own characteristics: in the south it is subtropical, in the central part it is tropical, and in the north it is subequatorial. The western and southern parts are washed Indian Ocean, and northern and east coasts border with the Coral, Timor, Tasman and Arafura seas.

The Tasman Islands are located across the Bass Strait. Off the northern shores of Australia are Bathurst, Melville, Groot Island. Have south coast Kangaroo, Flinders and King islands are located within the continental shelf. The most large islands in the west, Derk-Hartog is considered, and in the east, Fraser.

Main geographic characteristics

The main territory of the continent is located on the old Australian plate, the former part of the Gondwana mainland in the southern part of the Earth. Plains are the predominant form of relief. Only 5% of the surface is over 600m above sea level. Highest point located in the Australian Alps - Kostsyushko, 2230m high. The lowest mark belongs to Lake Eyre and is located 16m below sea level.

The main landforms:

• Western Australian Highlands, with elevated edges in the form of the Musgrave Mountains (1440m) and McDonnell Ridge (1511m) in the east, the Kimberley Massif (936m) in the north, the Hammersley Ridge (1251m) in the west and Darling Ridge (571m) in the southwestern part;
• Central lowland, most of which heights do not exceed 100m;
• The Great Dividing Range, which has flat steep peaks, which in the western parts turn into hilly foothills.

Countries Australia and Oceania

The federal state of Australia is included in the commonwealth led by Great Britain. The Australian Union unites 6 states ( South australia, Western Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, Tasmania) and 2 territories (Capital Territory and Northern Territory). The country's area of \u200b\u200b7.7 million km 2 is home to 18.2 million people, the bulk of which preaches Christianity. The state language is English. The capital is the city of Canberra. A characteristic feature of the country is its considerable remoteness from the rest of the continents; all its borders are washed by the waters of the World Ocean ..

Oceania countries

Oceania is the largest and most numerous cluster of islands in the world. In total, it consists of over 10 thousand islands. It is located on an area of \u200b\u200b1.26 million km 2 in the Central and Western Pacific Ocean. In this part of the world, in addition to Australia, there are sovereign and independent states located on the islands of Oceania. State borders run along the waters of the Pacific Ocean. Conventionally, all states of the region can be classified according to the degree of independence:

• Absolutely sovereign: Solomon Islands, Nauru, Vanuatu, Fiji, Kiribati, Palau;
• Practically independent statesmembers of the commonwealth founded by Great Britain: New Zealand, Australia, Western Samoa, Tonga, Popua New Guinea, Tuvalu;
• Semi-coloniesassociated with the United States of America: Micronesia, the Commonwealth of the North Mariana Islands, Marshall Islands;
• Colonies: French - New Caledonia, French polynesia; American - East Samoa.

List of countries in Australia and Oceania

Major countries of Australia:

(with detailed description)

Nature

Nature, plants and animals in Australia

Australia has received the title of most environmentally friendly clean mainland... Approximately 5% of the land area is occupied national parks and nature reserves of particular importance for the entire population of the planet. Several elements of the Australian ecosystem share similarities with the flora and fauna of South Asia, Antarctica and South America ...

The fauna of Australia is not very diverse, especially on the island territory. This is due to the isolated location of the continent, on which the fauna was forced to develop independently of other land areas. In total, there are 235 species of mammals on the continent and islands, 720 species of birds, 420 species of reptiles and 120 species of amphibians. Interesting fact: On the territory of New Zealand, mammals are completely absent in the wild fauna, 93% of species and subspecies of birds are not found anywhere except in this area.

The visiting card of the animal world of Australia is monotremes and marsupials. Monotremes survived exclusively on this territory in the form of two families: platypuses and echidnas. Despite the general poverty of animal species, marsupials are represented here in as many as 150 species: marsupial anteaters, carnivores, marsupial moles, wombat, couscous, kangaroo and many others.

Climatic conditions

Seasons, weather and climate of the countries of Oceania

The countries of Australia and Oceania are located in latitudes of several climatic zones: moderate (significant part South Island New Zealand), subtropical (in the north and south of the tropics), tropical, subequatorial (the skeleton close to Asia and Australia, as well as east of the 180th meridian) and equatorial (west of the 180th meridian) ...

The average annual temperature in the tropics is approximately +23 o C, in the equatorial part - +27 o C. At the same time, the difference between months and seasons is practically not felt. The climate of the islands of Oceania is largely determined by the action of the trade winds, so the local population is accustomed to heavy and frequent precipitation. On average, from 1500 to 400 mm of torrential tropical rain falls annually. Here is the wettest place on the planet - the island of Kauai, which is on the eastern slope of Mount Waialeale. The absolute record for this area was set in 1982: for 365 days, 16 916 mm of precipitation fell here. It is worth noting that some islands, due to relief anomalies, have an arid climate.

Peoples of Australia

The peoples of Australia and Oceania: culture and traditions

According to the latest data, the population of the mainland exceeds 23.5 million people, of which 95% belong to the Caucasian race. These are the descendants of the Irish, Scots and English who immigrated here in the 18th-19th centuries. A slightly smaller share is occupied by the descendants of Germans, Dutch, Greeks, Italians, Poles and Scandinavians. The population census determined that some Australians also ascribe to themselves Arab, Chinese and African roots ...

A separate Australoid race is represented by the small tribes of the indigenous peoples of Australia - the aborigines. They live in small settlements in the northern, northwestern and central parts continent. The most common language of the continent is official language Australia - English. In addition to him, Italian, Arabic, Chinese and Greek speech sounds in the vastness of Oceania.

The article tells about the states that are part of Oceania. Explains which country in the region is located on the mainland. The material explains which peoples inhabit the region and for what reason it is considered sparsely populated.

Where are the countries of Oceania located?

Oceania is a massive accumulation of islands located in the southwestern and central Pacific waters. More than 11 million people live in this region. Oceania includes about four dozen states and territories, almost fifteen (13) of which are classified as sovereign powers. The Oceania region is divided into three sub-regions.

According to the geological specifics and the method of formation, the islands of Oceania are divided into:

• mainland islands;
• coral islands;
• volcanic islands.

Islands: New Zealand and New Guinea belong to big islands continental type. They cover 87% of the territory. These are islands with a mountainous landscape, which are localized in the southwestern tip of Oceania, the rest of the islands are scattered in the Pacific Ocean.

Figure: 1. Islands of Oceania.

Oceania islands occupy a third of the Pacific Ocean area.

The island states of Oceania are characterized by a low level of population. The bulk of the population is made up of representatives of the Australoid racial group: Polynesians, Melanesians and Papuans.

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The list of countries in Oceania is as follows:

• Australia;
• Papua New Guinea;
• New Zealand;
• Solomon islands;
• Fiji;
• Vanuatu;
• Samoa;
• Kiribati;
• Tonga;
• Federated States of Micronesia;
• Palau;
• Marshall Islands;
• Tuvalu;
• Nauru.

Countries and capitals of Australia and Oceania

This is the most sparsely populated part of the world. Only 30 million people live here. The territory is distinguished by the combination unique nature and modern megacities.

The largest state in the region is Australia.

Figure: 2. Canberra - the capital of Australia at night.

The only state on this territory that is located on the mainland is Australia.

Many of the islands do not have independence - they belong to the territories of other countries.

The most important tourist attractions in Australia and Oceania are oriented towards the natural specifics of the region. Footprints ancient civilizations here are lost, and the legacy of the European colonialists is not so attractive due to its relatively recent history. The colonialists have settled here quite recently. The most striking example can be considered the development of the territories of developed island states in terms of modern architecture and infrastructure.

Figure: 3. Wellington is the capital of New Zealand. 4.1. Total ratings received: 79.