Secret value of the pyramids. Pyramids of Egypt

Unsolved secrets On our planet every year it becomes less and less. Constant improvement of technology, cooperation of scientists of various fields of science reveals us the secrets and riddles of history. But the secrets of the pyramids are still not amenable to understanding - all discoveries give scientists only alleged answers to many questions. Who built the Egyptian pyramids, what was the technology of construction, whether the curse of pharaohs exists - these and many other questions still remain without an accurate answer.

Description of Egyptian pyramids

Archaeologists speak of 118 pyramids in Egypt, partially or fully preserved to our time. Their age is from 4 to 10 millennia. One of them - Heops - is the only surviving "miracle" from the "Seven Miracles of the World". Complex called "Great Pyramids in Giza", which includes and, also considered as a participant in the competition "New Seven Miracles of the World", but he was removed from participation, since these majestic structures are actually a "miracle of the world" in the ancient list.

These pyramids have become the most visited excursion facilities in Egypt. They preserved perfectly, which cannot be said about many other facilities - they did not spare them. Yes, and local residents contributed to the destruction of majestic necropolia, removing the facing and having gone out stones from the walls for the construction of their homes.

The Egyptian pyramids of the Pharaohs ruling from the XXVII century were built. e. And later. They were intended to restore the rulers. The huge scale of the tomb (some - with a height of almost up to 150 m) had to testify the greatness of the buried Pharaohs, the things were placed here, which the ruler loved during his lifetime and which would be useful to him in the afterlife.

For construction, stone blocks of various sizes were used, which were hollowed out of the rocks, and later the material for the walls began to serve as a brick. Stone blocks were staging and fitted so that between them could not slip the blade of the knife. The blocks were laid on each other with a displacement of several centimeters, which formed a stepped surface of the structure. Almost all Egyptian pyramids have a square base, the parties of which are oriented strictly on the sides of the world.

Since the pyramids performed the same function, that is, served as the burial site of the pharaohs, then inside the device and the decoration they are similar. The main component is the funeral hall where the ruler's sarcophag was installed. The entrance was not suitable at the ground level, but a few meters above, and disguised with facing plates. From the entrance to the indoor hall, the stairs and moves of the corridors, which sometimes narrow so much that they can only go in squatting or crawling.

In most necropolis, the burial halls (cameras) are below the ground level. Venting was carried out through narrow mine channels, which are permeated with walls. Casual pictures and ancient religious texts are found on the walls of many pyramids - actually, scientists draw part of the information about the construction and owners of the burial.

Main puzzles pyramids

Begins a list of unsolved mysteries from the form of necropolia. Why is the form of the pyramid, which is translated from Greek as a "polyhedron"? Why are the edges located clearly on the sides of the world? How huge stone blocks moved from the placement location and how they were raised by large height? Weren't the construction erected by aliens or people who own a magic crystal?

Scientists argue even on the question of which built such high monumental structures, east of the millennium. Some believe that they were built by slaves who died hundreds of thousands on the construction of each. However, new discoveries of archaeologists and anthropologists convince the fact that the builders were free people who received good food and medical care. Such conclusions they made on the basis of bones, the structure of skeletons and cured injuries of buried builders.

All deaths and death of people involved in research egyptian pyramidsThey attributed mystical coincidences, which provoked rumors and talk about the curse of pharaohs. There are no scientific confirmations. Perhaps rumors were allowed to scare up thieves and marauders who wish to find valuable things in the graves and decorations.

Mysterious interesting facts include a short time for the construction of Egyptian pyramids. According to calculations, large necropolis, with the level of technology, should be erected at least in the century. How, for example, the Hoeop Pyramid was built in just 20 years?

Great pyramids

So called the funeral complex near the city of Giza, consisting of three big pyramids, the huge statue of the sphinx and small pyramids of satellites, intended, probably for governors.

The initial height of the Heops pyramid was 146 m, the side length is 230 m. Built in 20 years in the XXVI century BC. e. The largest of Egyptian attractions has not one, but the three burial halls. One of them is below the ground level, and two are above the base line. The burial cameras are intertwined by corridors. According to them, you can go to the Chamber of Pharaoh (King), to the ward of the queen and to the lower hall. Chamber of Pharaoh is a chamber from pink graniteIt has a size of 10x5 m. It has a granite sarcophage without a lid. None in any report of scientists had information about the mummy found, so Heops was unknown here. By the way, the mummy of Heops was not found in other tombs.

Until now, it remains a mystery, whether the Heopse pyramid was used for its intended purpose, and if so, apparently, the marauders plundered it in the past centuries. The name of the ruler, by order and the project of which this tomb was built, learned from drawings and hieroglyphs above the burial chamber. All other Egyptian pyramids, with the exception of Goser, have a simpler engineering device.

Two other necropolis in Giza, built for Headse heirs, is somewhat modest in size:

Tourists go to Giza from all ends of Egypt, because this city is actually a suburb of Cairo, and all transport junctions lead to it. Travelers from Russia are usually driving in Giza as part of excursion groups from Sharm el-Sheikh and Hurghada. The trip is long, 6-8 hours one way, so the excursion is usually calculated for 2 days.

Great facilities are available for visiting only during working hours, usually up to 17 hours, a month of Ramadan - up to 15 hours. Inside, astmatics, as well as people suffering from claustrophobia, nervous and cardiovascular diseases are not recommended. With you on the excursion you must take drinking water and hats. The fee for excursions consists of several parts:

1. Entrance to the territory of the complex.
2. Entrance inside the pyramid of Heops or Hefren.
3. Entrance to the museum Solar turkeywhere the body of Pharaoh was transported through the Nile.

Against the background of the Egyptian pyramids, many love to take photos sitting on camels. Camel owners can be bargained.

Pyramid Josra

The first pyramid in the world is in Sakkare, near Memphis - the former capital Ancient Egypt. Today, Joser's pyramid is not as attractive for tourists as a necropolis of Heops, but at one time she was the largest in the country and the most difficult engineering project.

The funerary complex included chapels, internal yards, storage facilities. The six-speed pyramid itself has a square base, but a rectangular, with the parties of 125x110 m. The height of the structure of the structure of 60 m, there are 12 burial cameras inside it, where Joser himself and his family members were allegedly buried. Mumia Pharaoh did not manage to detect when excavations. The entire territory of the complex in 15 hectares was surrounded by a stone wall with a height of 10 m. Currently, part of the wall and other buildings was restored, and the pyramid, the age of which approaches 4,700 years, has been preserved quite well.

The ancient Egypt is our imagination since we shakeped the sand from the lapse of the Great Sphynx. For the last two centuries, he was an intrusive idea of \u200b\u200bmany archaeologists and historians. This land, for solving the secrets of which many years have been spent.

However, after that, there is still a lot, which we do not know. Some of the largest relics of the ancient world are still under the sands of Egypt, expecting when they are found. But most often, such finds only create even more riddles and generate even more questions.

Lost Labyrinth Egypt

2500 years ago in Egypt was a huge labyrinth, which, according to one of those who saw it, "even superior to the pyramids."
It was a massive building height in two floors. Inside there were 3,000 different rooms, and they were all connected with a winding labyrinth of the passages, so difficult that no one could find a way out without a guide. Below was the underground level, which served as a tomb for the kings, and the structure was crowned with a massive roof made from one giant stone.
Many ancient writers said that they personally saw a labyrinth, but now, after 2500 years, we do not even know where he was located. There is a massive stone plateau with a width of 300 meters, and there is an assumption that it was the foundation of the labyrinth. If so, then the upper floors were completely destroyed by time.
In 2008, a group of geolocation specialists examined the plateau and found that under it there is an underground labyrinth, as described by one of the antiquity writers. However, at the moment it has never tried to dig. While someone does not get to the labyrinth, we cannot say exactly whether the greatest archaeological miracle of Egypt really was found.

Unknown Tsarina Egypt

In 2015, archaeologists stumbled upon the tomb of a woman located among the great pyramids of the ancient kingdom. The inscriptions on the tomb indicate that the woman was the "wife of the king" and "mother of the king". With his life (4500 years ago), this woman was one of the most important people on the planet. She had more power than any other woman's country. Nevertheless, no one knows who it is.
Historians dubbed her "Hentakavss III", based on the assumption that she was the daughter of Kingakawess II. It is possible that she was the wife of Pharaoh Neferra and the mother of Pharaoh Mencahara, but this is only an assumption.
If it really was called Hentakavss III, then there are no other references about it. Whoever she was and what power would have possessed, for us she remains a big mystery.

Sphinx in Israel

In 2013, on the Biblical Hill Tel Hazor, which is located in Israel, archaeologists discovered the find, which no one expected to see so far from Egypt: the Egyptian Sphinx age of 4000 years. More precisely, these were fragments of Sphinx, in particular, paws based on the pedestal. It is believed that all other parts were consciously destroyed thousands of years ago. However, before someone broke the sphinx, it was a height of 1 meter and weighed about halftone.
No one knows how the Egyptian statue was in Israel. The only tip is the inscription on the pedestal, where you can disassemble the name of Pharaoh Micherina, which has ruled by Egypt in about 2500 BC.
The likelihood that Tel Hazor was conquered by the Egyptians, extremely small. During the reign of Micherina Tel Hazor was shopping center In Khanaan, halfdowed between Egypt and Babylon. It was vital for the economies of the two largest powers of that time.
Most likely, the statue was a gift. But in this case it is unclear to whom and why he sent the king Mikherin and who was so angry, which broke this statue. The only thing that we know is absolutely accurate is that for an unknown reason the Sphinx statue was at a distance of 1000 kilometers from the Great Sphinx Giza.

Mysterious death of Pharaoh Tutankhamon

At the time of death, Tutankhamon was only 19 years old, and no one knows exactly what happened to him. His death is an absolute secret, and not only because it happened in the heyday. The main mystery is that Pharaoh had so many diseases that it was impossible to understand which one was deadly.
Pharaoh Tutankhamon had a terrible health. He had malaria, a foot fracture, and he was born with so many genetic abnormalities that historians are convinced that his parents should have been brother and sister. Genetic deviations were so critical that, according to many, his early death was predetermined in advance.
In addition, he had a screaming skull, and archaeologists for a long time believed that this was the cause of death. Today it is believed that the skull was damaged in the process of embalming, but also the probability of murder is also not excluded.
Shortly before the death of Pharaoh broke his leg, so the theory appeared that he died as a result of falling from the chariot. But if so, it is not clear how he climbed into the chariot. His body was so deformed that he could not even stand without assistance.
The cause of death could be a combination of all these factors. The only thing we know exactly - the last month of life Tutankhamon was not very successful for him.

Mystery Room Great Pyramid

The largest pyramid was built 4500 years ago for Heops Pharaoh. This massive construction of almost 150 meters high is composed of more than 2.3 million stone blocks. Until recently, it was believed that there are three cameras inside the pyramid.
If it seems to you that it is too small for such a huge design, then you are not alone. There was a team of scientists, which in November 2017 decided to check the pyramid once again and make sure that no one had missed anything. Over the big gallery of the pyramid, they found signs of what is possible, there is another hidden camera, the size of the largest camera from the already found.
It seems strange that the Egyptians could consciously build a hidden chamber and make it completely inaccessible. No corridors and galleries do not lead to it. To put something inside such a camera, it was necessary to do this at the construction stage.
Before the camera itself, have not yet been reached. But, whatever, apparently, Pharaoh Heops would like this to see sunlight.

Mummy wrapped in foreign manuscripts

In 1848, a man bought an ancient Egyptian mumi from the bench in Alexandria. For many years, he demonstrated it, not understanding how strange this artifact was. After a few decades later, several layers of bandages were removed from the mummy, scientists discovered something very unusual. The mummy was wrapped in the pages of the manuscript, and she was written not in the language of the Egyptians.
We needed years of research to find out what it was behind the language, but today we know that it was the language of Etruscans, ancient civilization, which once existed in the territory modern Italy. This language is poorly studied. The manuscript in which the mummy was wounded is the longest of ever found Etruscan texts.
Nevertheless, there are many questions that are not answered. First of all, we do not know what they say in the text. We can only understand a few words that, apparently, are the dates and the names of the gods, and moreover, we can only guess how this manuscript turned out to be wrapped around the dead body.
We do not even know how in general the Etruscan book could be in Egypt. Was the buried Etrusky? If so, what did he do in Egypt? And what did he want to tell in his last appeal to the world?

Light Dandara

On the wall of the temple in the Egyptian city of Dandara there is a massive bas-relief with a strange pattern. It is depicted on it, according to the generally accepted interpretation, the snake in a large fiery cloud, departing from the lotus flower, on which a person's leg with a weapon is.
This picture looks unusual. It is very similar to the model of the Crox tube, one of the lighting devices invented in the XIX century. It is so similar to the lantern that some people think that this diagram could be instructions for creating it.
Most scientists reject this theory, but its supporters have good arguments.
The room in which the bas-relief is located is the only room in the entire temple, which does not provide places for lamps. Many traces indicate that the Egyptians lit the lamps in all premises of the building, besides. And if they didn't have something like a modern flashlight, how could they see something in this room? And if the room was originally conceived as a dark place, then why was such a difficult bas-relief on the wall?

Destroyed pyramid

The vertex of the Pyramid of Jedfra had to rise above the peaks of all other Egyptian pyramids. So Pharaoh Gedfre considered. He did not have enough resources for the construction of the highest of all the pyramids, but he found a small workaround: he built his pyramid on a hill.
However, despite the fact that all the other Pyramids of Egypt have been standing for thousands of years, it was the Pyramid of Jedfra who became the only one, which for unknown reasons was destroyed. It remains only the foundation.
No one knows what exactly happened, but there are theories. Some scientists believe that Jedfre died earlier than a majority of work was performed, therefore the pyramid and remained unfinished. Others suggest that 2000 years ago, the Romans were taken from the pyramid stone blocks for their own needs, thus comparable to the Earth historical monument. But there is another opinion: the people of Egypt hated Jedyfra so that people could destroy the pyramid just out of anger.

The disappearance of Queen Nefertiti

Tsarina Nefertiti became a legend due to the fact that it was one of the few women who ruled Egypt. She was the wife of Pharaoh Ehnaton and the stepmother of Pharaoh Tutankhamon, but at the same time, as they believed, all the country's management was concentrated in her hands. Nevertheless, although the tombs of other pharaohs are still towers over the sands of Egypt, Nefertiti's tomb remained happiness.
The search for her grave continued for years. Until 2018, archaeologists were almost confident that they found her grave in a secret chamber hidden in the tomb of Tutankhamon. However, in May, they carefully examined the wall and found that nothing was there.
It is curious that in Egyptian chronicles there are no mention of her death. After twelve years of the reign of her husband Ehnathon, all mentions about the queen was discontinued at all. Some believe that this happened because she herself became Pharaoh and took a different name, but there is no evidence.
There is a version that the answer to this riddle is more prosed than it seems. According to Dr. Joyis Tizelie, the simplest explanation is that Nefertiti was never the wife of Pharaoh. Dr. Tizelie believes that in the 1920s, people began to exaggerate the meaning of Nefertiti due to the fact that her sculpture of her face became popular, and people wanted to believe in any myths.
Dr. Tizelie believes that we do not know anything about the further fate of Nefertiti because it was not at all an important person.

Lost Earth Punt

In the ancient Egyptian scriptures there are many references to the country called Punt. It was an ancient African country in which there was a lot of gold, ivory and exotic animals. All this was excited by the imagination of the Egyptians, and so hard that they called the Punt "Earth of Gods".
There is no doubt that Puntor really existed, there are a lot of references to this in ancient scriptures. In one of the old Egyptian temples there is even a portrait of the Punta queen. But, despite all the power and infractions of this kingdom, its location was not possible and could not be determined.
The only traces that remain from the Punta are artifacts that are preserved in Egypt. Desperate to find out the location of the kingdom. Scientists examined the mummified remains of two baboons, whom the Egyptians were brought from Punta, and determined that baboons were from the area of \u200b\u200bmodern Eritrea or Eastern Ethiopia.
This information is given at least some start point in search of PUNTA, but for archaeological excavations This area is too huge. And if we ever find the ruins of the kingdom of Punt, then they will force a new full-fledged series of secrets.

Everyone knows about Egyptian pyramids. And everyone is familiar with the official version of their origin: the pyramids are built by the price of the operation of thousands of slaves. But, there were always skeptics that subjected this version of doubt. In the sense, unlimited slaves could build such ambitious objects. Then who? When there are no convincing hypotheses in the course of fantasy. The authors of the pyramids were considered the inhabitants of Atlantis, then aliens. But many, having heard about these versions, preferred to believe in slaves and pharaohs. But...

First of the priaxide themselves. The following features of the pyramids are known:

Mathematical - In the ratio of their geometric elements, the "golden section" was laid (the relationship between the apople side edge and a half of the base of the pyramid of the cheops), the number "pi" (the perimeter of the base is equal to the length of the circumference, the radius of which is equal to the height of the heels pyramid) and trigonometric features, possibly the following From the used constructions (tangent an angle of inclination of the side face of the peyramid of the cheops is equal to the opposite sinus of this angle (51 degrees of 30 minutes)).

Astronomical - the orientation of the pyramids along the North-South line is performed up to 3 minutes of the arc; There are moves focused on some stars.

Geological - In addition to the local material (limestone, the rocks located in several hundred meters) were used granite (presumably brought from Aswan, located 900 km above Nile) and Basalt (origin unknown).

Technological - During construction, millions of limestone blocks with an average weight of 2.5 tons were used, plates weighing more than 200 tons were repeatedly used, careful finish not only limestone, but also granite and basalt plates; The conical holes and the corresponding cores are drilled in granite and basalt (found at the end of the 19th century) with a groove with a pitch of 2 mm; The moves embodied in the thickness of the pyramids are made on the lines deviating from a direct no more than 5 mm at a distance of about 80 m, the planes of the faces of the pyramids are made with great accuracy.

Questions are as follows:

Being very impressive buildings, they possess all the features that do not meet the ideas about the level of development of civilization of those times.

Neither the purpose of the pyramids themselves nor the appointment of premises and moves (taking into account their location and sizes) existing inside the pyramids is incomprehensible.

Despite the large amount of cultural heritage of the ancient Egypt, neither descriptions, no drawings related to the construction of the pyramids, as well as their images themselves are not found .. everything that is known - the hieroglyph "measures" denoting the pyramid .. Russian researchers believe that ancient The Egyptians did not build a pyramid, but only used the facilities that existed before them.

Miracle used

What is this prattleization?

Plates from the Black Basalt, used in the construction of some Egyptian pyramids and temples, retained the traces of the disk saw, which in the ancient Egyptians with their level of technological development (as it is generally accepted) could not be. And holes in granite? What kind of roller and drills were used during the Pharaoh times? The pyramids themselves, apparently, are standing on the spot of some more ancient semi-flowing structures with incomprehensible functions: whether shelters from natural cataclysms, or shelters in case of wars.

Whether the version is possible that the Egyptian state originated on the basis of some pratvilization. At the beginning of the III century BC. In Egypt, he lived a historian Manphone. In no time, he is known as the only Ancient Egyptian author who has known to us, who has a full historical work on the history of ancient Egypt - the author of the book "History of Egypt"

The Manephone left us the chronological list of the rulers of Egypt, including the first kingdom, when the gods ruled 10-12 thousand years ago. Perhaps we are talking about representatives of an unknown story of ancient civilization (some researchers believe that it is about Atlantis)

sphinx Egypt 1860.

Inventory stele

It is noteworthy that one and a half years ago in Egyptian Giza was found, the so-called inventory stele, which indicates that Pharaoh Heops commanded to repair the damaged statue of the Sphinx (according to the generally accepted version, about 2.5 thousand years before our era). It preserved traces of rain erosion. But it is known that Egypt exists without torrential rains at least eight thousand years. When the Egyptian authorities were noted at this, they, who, frightened, ordered to remove the inventory stele in the storey of the Cairo Museum, and the surface of the sphinx decided to renovate urgently. Or read from the traces of errozia? What do they hide?

If you still be lucky enough to get to Asuanga quarries, then pay attention to the shurtes, leaving a few meters deep. Diameter they are about half a meter, and there are many there.

Interesting. A man standing on his head, hammered granite a few meters down, polishing the canal walls. And all this for what? According to Egyptologists - in order to see the direction of the crack, which, by the way, is perfectly determined and outside.

The conclusion can be made one - the ancients had a tool that allowed working with granite as a foam.

Two more curious facts. The Pyramid of Cheops. It is based on a rock, about 10 meters high, but the base of this granite surface from horizontally 2 cm, with a side of almost the perfect square in 230 meters. Drafts of the parties is no more than 10 cm. Also, the pyramid is almost perfectly oriented on the sides of the world. Positioning error 0.015%.

I work in the field of construction. Even in our time, in the presence of all these laser devices, it is almost impossible to achieve such accuracy. What devices used the builders of the pyramids?

Another important detail was that the surface of the pyramid was covered with polished limestone, concave in the center. This coating was so brilliant that his reflected light could be seen from the moon. By the way, the radius of the bending of the surfaces repeated the radius of the bend of the earth's surface, and therefore was not visible near. Later, the earthquake loosened, and the Arabs took these stones to restore the mosque of Sultan Khasan, the Cairo palaces and other things. Stones that were lined with a pyramid, docked with a gap of 0.5 mm with perfect straight corners. Moreover, this microcosor was designed to fill with glue, making them waterproof.

Again, in my opinion personal experience In construction, even today, when the facing tile is made in the workshops with the help of machines, ideally smooth plates with angle of exactly 90 degrees can not get. We buy slabs in Spain and Italy, as these plates with the smallest error. And the Egyptians are perfect. How?

There is another one, in my opinion, an important moment. Pyramid dating is found out by radiocarbon analysis. And it is able to determine the age of only in organic matter. That is, the age of the pyramids was determined by the remains of the wood left by the ancients.

For example, the Sphinx was built during the Pharaoh Heops, 2500 years BC. But not the fact that they were the builders. 150 years ago, the so-called "inventory stele" was found in Giza, which I wrote above, on which it was written that Heops just ordered to "renovate" the sphinx, and not to build it. Moreover, there is a theory that the Sphinx was so terrible that people could die of fear, just looking into his eyes. And, so his face was redone under the more human.

Also, in the 90s it was proved that the grooves on the body of the Sphinx are traces of rain erosion. But, as I have already noted, there are no rains in Egypt for more than 8 thousand years. And the Sphinx is much later than the pyramids, building.

On the pyramids of the 6th dynasty, the blocks were 500 kg. On the pyramids of the 4th dynasty, the blocks were from 2 to 50 tons.

The limestone density is 2.63 - 2.73 g / cm3, I was on the pyramids and saw blocks with a size of 1.5x1.5x2m. If you calculate, their weight is more than 12 tons.

I will allocate you tools so that you hire as many people to make them without a single support of cars, would raise this block to the height of at least twenty-five meters and installed it there "Shake in the junction" with another same.

Pyramid, according to Herodotus, built 20 years. If you count all the boulders used in the construction, and they are 2.3 million, then by calculations, we get that these workers put 315 blocks on each other, medium weighing 5 tons each. This is about 13 blocks per hour. And this is about 4.5 bould per minute. This is mathematics. What are these workers?

Here is another mystery. How could workers move and handle such massive stones?

If you explore the stones in the perimeter of the Heops pyramid, then you can find stones with cuts, as from the disk saw. Moreover, there is grinding when cutting. This effect can be achieved only by a disk with a diamond spraying rotating at high speed. But the ancient Egyptians worked with copper saws, which simply cannot do anything like that.

Obelisk on which holes are drilled

Also, not far from the place where tourists are driven - Karnak - stands the obelisk, where the holes are drilled. It is possible to attach something. Holes with a diameter of 1 cm, drilled in about 10 cm. And they are made at an angle of 10-20 degrees to the surface. I assure you like a hole, even in a very soft material, even today, to make quite problematic - the drill will simply lead. What was the ancient for technology that the cutting tool in granite was bought as in the oil?

Also traces from cutting with disk saw can be found in the quarries in South Sakkara, however, tourists do not let there. Why not let?

Traces of crucifixed basalt

Note. Footprints cut to basalt clear and parallel. The quality of this work indicates that the propelles were made perfectly stable blade, without any signs of the initial "lying" of the canvas. It seems that the sawing basalt in ancient Egypt was not a very laborious business, because the masters easily allowed themselves to leave extra, "fittingry" tracks on the rock, which, provided manual sawing, will be overpressive time and strength. Such "fitting room" saws are not the only here, several similar traces from a stable and easily cutting tool can be found within a radius of 10 meters from this place. Along with horizontal there are both vertical parallel grooves.

Drilled canals

Another interesting detail is the use of such technology in ancient Egypt as a drilling. The drilled channels in various products of ancient Egypt vary from 0.63 cm to 45 cm in diameter. The smallest hole made in granite is about 5 cm in diameter. The granite product shown in the photograph, drilled by a tubular drill, was exhibited in the Cairo Museum without any accompanying information, and the guys themselves did not possess any information. Circular spiral grooves in open areas of the product are clearly visible in the photo, absolutely identical to each other. The characteristic "rotational" drawing of these channels seems to confirm the observations of the removal method of part of the granite by pre-drill a peculiar "chain" from the holes.

However, if you look closely to the ancient Egyptian artifacts, it becomes clear that the drilling of holes in the stones, even the hardest rocks - was not for the Egyptians any serious problem. In the following photos, you see channels made by presumably using tubular drilling.

In most granite doorways in the temple of the valley located near the sphinx, the channels from the tubular drill are well noticeable. When building the church of the holes was used, apparently, for fastening door loops when hanging doors.

In the following pictures, you can see even more impressive - channel diameter of about 18 cm, obtained in granite using a tubular drill. The thickness of the cutting edge of the tool is amazing. It is incredible that it was copper - with the thickness of the end wall of the tubular drill and the estimated effort coming to its working edge, this must be an incredible strength alloy (the picture shows one of the channels opened when the granite block in the carnac

Probably theoretically, in the rest of the holes of this type there is no something exemptently incredible, which could not be obtained by ancient Egyptians with a huge desire. However, the drilling of holes in granite - the occupation is very complex. The tubular drilling is a fairly specialized method that will not develop without the real need to have a large diameter hole in solid rocks. These holes demonstrate a high level of technology developed by the Egyptians, apparently not for "hanging doors", but already fully established and advanced to the time, demanding at least several centuries for its development and pre-experience.

Several arguments of supporters of the version of "concrete pyramids".

The hypothesis about the concrete used in the construction of the pyramids was first nominated in the late 1970s French (or Swiss, information diverges) scientists. Various experts were tested by their concept. Using X-rays, electronic microscopes and plasma burner, they found traces of a "fast chemical reaction that prevented natural crystallization." For natural stones, such a phenomenon is unexplained, but it confirms the artificial origin of the limestone blocks. The Frenchman, in turn, successfully tried the manufacture of concrete structures from limestone: at the Institute of Geopolymers in Saint-Quentin, he managed to make a large block on the hypothetical Egyptian technology in ten days and dried.

But, the opponents of the theory of the Frenchman, the most experts, argue that for the manufacture of concrete, the ancient Egyptians needed gigantic amounts of chalk and coal. The remains of chalk and coal near the pyramids were not discovered. In addition, there is no evidence of the use of forms for casting blocks.

Concrete slabs are possible, but there are traces in any way. No matter how cool, be it the "granite" concrete or cutter technology, the Egyptians were not so simple, as they describe their official history.

And then, the fact that the Egyptians used concrete - this does not mean that the pyramids are entirely built of it. "It was used (that is, not everywhere) at the upper levels of structures", and on the lower all the same blocks of limestone. Can geologists can't distinguish the limestone from concrete?

Many believe that the Egyptians only restored the pyramids, and they were built before them, then the Limestone Concrete could be applied.

To be given a small result, according to the above arguments:

1. On the Plateau Giza there are two types of pyramids: Some (Heops, Hefren's Pyramids, Hefren, Mikherina, etc.) are made of large granite blocks and limestone (2.5-70 tons) and achieve huge sizes; Others - "small" pyramids in tens of times less than the first and material for them served small blocks of limestone (hardness lower than that of granite), or were made from clay bricks. Moreover, the first were erected (as historians consider) in a very short period, during the fourth dynasty (75% of the volume of all pyramids), while the second were built later and already turned into ruins. Question: For several centuries, the Egyptians have confused all the construction skills?
2. There are several pyramids that have the base and lower rows as the first, but otherwise built as the second.
3. The Cairo Museum stores copper tools of labor, but the technologists denied the possibility of building a pyramid with only these guns, given the volumes, deadlines, complexity and accuracy of work.
4. In some blocks there are traces of machine processing, i.e. Traces of drill and cutters.
5. Sarcophages and blocks of the pyramids are made with jewelry accuracy. Maybe the Egyptians were the swiss obstacles on accuracy and quality? But why is it for the construction of alleged graves?

Based on this data, several assumptions:

1. Egyptian civilization came from outside, when many of the pyramids were already built. The Egyptians only restored the pyramids. "Another people will replace you who will not be on you!" (Koran, 47:38)
2. Up to the fourth Egyptian dynasty did not use existing pyramids. Increasingly understood the definition of "Gate to the Kingdom of the Dead", and the purpose of sarcophagus, Pharaohs ordered them to bury them in the pyramids.
3. Perhaps first, or one of the first, this tradition began the hooth, because His relatives "owned" a small number of large pyramids.
4. In Egyptian texts, it is mentioned about the "construction" of these pyramids, but this word is translated as "restoration".
5. The tradition was continued, Pharaohs were dying, and the "tomb" began to be lacking. First were restored (primitive ways and primitive materials) dilapidated pyramids, and when they were over and they, the last pharaohs had to be buried in primitive pyramids from clay bricks, the Egyptians were not capable at that time.
6. Since subsequently, no mummies are unreserved inside the pyramids were not found, the version with the "grave" disappears. Then why do these structures need?

Questions may arise, say "Where are these tools? Is there anything left of the civilizations except the pyramid? ". A more appropriate question would be "Where to share the devices (machines), which tormented these ingredients. Regarding their absence there are several assumptions:

First, the size, let's say drill, even large, non-performing with the size of the pyramid, and you can search for it as a needle in a haystack. Secondly, under the pyramids, and under all the Plateau Giza there is a network of underground strokes and caves, where the man's leg has not yet come. Thirdly. The age of the pyramids is still accurately known and he can be very significant. Since their construction, a number of cataclysms could happen, including a biblical flood or tsunami, which could simply wash off all the evidence of the existence of someone and destroy some pyramids. In the fourth, it was not necessary to have a drill or cutter, it was possible that other technologies unknown to us were used.

But evidence of the application of these technologies, they are enough, and in the Cairo Museum. Here are just some of them.

The lower part of this granite vase is processed with such an accuracy that the entire vase (approximately 23 cm in diameter, hollow inside and with a narrow throat), being put on the glass surface, accepts an absolutely vertical position along the axial line. At the same time, the area of \u200b\u200bcontact with glass of its surface is no more than the chicken egg. Prerequisite for such accurate

balancing - a hollow stone ball must have a perfectly flat, the same wall thickness (with such a tiny base area - less than 3.8 mm2 - any asymmetry in such a dense material as granite would lead to the deviation of the vase from the vertical axis).

Also in the Cairo Museum is exhibited quite large (60 cm in diameter or more) the original product from the sample slate. It resembles a large vase with a cylindrical center 5-7 cm in diameter, with an external thin rim and three plates that are evenly located around the perimeter and curved to the center. What it is and how it could be used not specified. Guides do not possess information. In the museum itself there is a whole hall, with such incomprehensible products.

Why did the Egyptians degrade?

Anyone who visits the Pyramid District is clear that after the fourth dynasty there was a sharp decline in their construction. Pharaohs of the fifth dynasty erected five relatively small pyramids in Abusira, about nine kilometers from Giza and two small pyramids in Sakkar, not far from the stepped pyramid of Goser. All of them were built pretty pretentiously, and their inner part collapsed, which is not in the pyramids of the fourth dynasty. All the pyramids of the fifth dynasty are currently simply a pioneering of stone blocks. In the days of the sixth dynasty in Sakkar, four small pyramids were erected, all about 53 meters high, but they now have an even more deployed look. On this ended the actual "era".

In the photos it can be seen that the facing blocks aligned after laying. Plus the surface of the raw blocks is not similar to what is mined in a quarry, it is smoothed.
And this is Kern from the Cairo Museum. We cut out such in the construction site in concrete for testing. With the help of German and Japanese machines. How did the Egyptians cut out? Here is another strange instander. Kern in Kern. When building Burj Al Arab, these were used to fasten the iron parts of the frame. Iron from heat expands and gives an error of 5 cm. In order for the design to be damaged, such pins used in the binding places.

Plate or crucible with bent edges from gneis

Plate or crucible with bent edges from GNEs (almost granite). Wall thickness 2 mm. For me, it is unlikely that he was pulled out to this species. More like the fact that the edges are ground. About the destination - most likely it is the crucible for smelting reagents.

Quote from "Vymnika Sastra":
"For melting these types of metals, the crucibles of various classes are used. As stated, there are 40 varieties of the titles of the second group. Of all these crucibles, the crucible number 5 is prescribed for smelting of basic metals, known as Antarmukha (the edges of the opening of which bent inside). "

Something else about the Egyptian pyramids.

Some pyramids of different dynasties are constructed from unreleased bricks and poorly treated stones on the solution, and at the lower levels have high-quality masonry from megalithic blocks. These two completely different technologies applied in one place make it possible to judge that these pyramids were built on the ruins of more ancient structures.

This feature is found in the "cult" facilities of different civilizations around the world. Teotihuacan, Bolivia, Peru, Greece, Ethiopia - this is not full list such places. The structures themselves are built by the aborigines of small stones or bricks laid on the solution and represent a pitiful spectacle. But if you enter inside, we will see quite massive blocks with straight corners and high quality processing.

Usually, massive blocks of 20-100 tons can be found in the lower tiers of the structure, in the foundation and underground part. What is still characteristic of such places - the fragments of Stell are lying around, blocks of the same quality, but the aborigines could not even clean the space from them.

Here is one of these examples - the tomb of Aksum (Ethiopia). The above-ground part is made of small stones, and under the ground granite blocks. Moreover, their laying technology is more characteristic of Central America than this region.

Where did the skills of the builders of the pyramids?

Tomb of Network II. Sarcophagus for some reason turn the bottom upside down and put over a small pit, even without closing it completely. With all his parameters, he literally demonstrates the real opportunities of the Egyptian period of the period of even a new kingdom in the processing of solid rock rocks. Although they tried for the pharaoh, they could not jump above the head.

Serapeum (Saccara). The inscriptions on the outer sides of the Sarcophagus contrast contrast the quality of the performance with the most granite box. Granite is thoroughly polished, the plane is perfectly aligned, and the inscriptions simply carelessly scrap. And it is easy to notice the curves of the lines instead of direct, as well as the absence of an elementary parallelism of the scratched patterns of the pattern both among themselves and relative to the edges of the granite box. It is quite obvious that the level of skill of those who caused inscriptions, absolutely does not correspond to the level of skill of manufacturers of the most granite "boxes". But it is precisely on these inscriptions and dates Serapeum!

Ivan Bunin wrote about what the conquerors saw, broke into the burial chamber Great Pyramid: "Looking around the torches that are blissful, like black ice, grinding and granite walls of this rest, they retreated in horror: in the midst of him stood rectangular and also the entire black sarcophagus. It was mummy in Golden armor, mowed precious stones And with the Golden Sword of the Hip. On the forehead of the mummy red fire burned a huge carbuncle, all in the letters, incomprehensible to one mortal ... "

And now I am entering the chamber "Heops - the ruler of the horizon," as he himself ordered to draw on his pyramid. The tomb is gorgeous. It affects its size: length - 10.5 m, width - 5.2, height - 5.8. This room decorated with dark Asuan granite makes for some reason stopping on the threshold. It has a special gloomy charm, his mood, and maybe a mystery. Perhaps because it is unexpectedly huge, black, empty and only away, the western wall has a lonely ominous-reddish sarcophagus. "

Alas, this is the end of the path. Other rooms in the pyramid of Heops have not yet been discovered. There is a suggestion that somewhere in the depths of the pyramid there are secret rooms. According to one of the evidence, another XIX century, travelers randomly pressed on a certain stone in the wall, and they opened a corridor, along which they entered the room filled with semi-plated sand strange metal mechanisms. But where is this secret stone? Where is the secret room with ancient Egyptian technique? No one knows…

The lands of ancient Egypt extended from the north of Africa far to the south along the channel Nile. Only distant epoch monuments were left from the Great Civilization - the majestic temples and pyramids. When Napoleon came to conquer Egypt, the locals could not say anything about their destination. For confessions, Islam Arabs the pyramids were no more than gigantic pagan structures. In the century of the Arab rule, the pyramids lost their wonderful cladding, and now the cable stone walls looked at the conquerors, narrowing, narrowing to the sky. Once, Arab chronicles reported, the pyramids were completely covered with ancient signs.

"The pyramids are erected from huge stones ... Stones cover ancient letters, which now no one can read. In all Egypt, I did not meet anyone who could say that he knows how to read this letter or knows such a person. The inscriptions here are an extreme set, and if someone had a desire to rewrite only those of them, which are visible on the surface of these two pyramids, it would fill with over 10,000 pages. " Desires probably did not arise from anyone.

The Arabs were not interested in the purpose of the pyramids, they were much more interested in legends about the pyramids, because it was believed that the ancient Egyptian lords were preserved in the pyramids - Pharaohs, while they were drunk with all imaginable and unthinkable wealth, which were owned in earthly life. There, transferred from mouth to mouth, an incredible amount of gold and precious stones. The history of the pyramids has long been overgrown with noby, and the Arabic sultans saw an amazing treasury in the pyramids, the entrance to which was lost. Some of the sultans, having listened to such fabulous legends, dreamed of mastering the treasures, looking for secret moves, and one of them even thoughtful to pierce the entrance to the pyramid of Heops through the side face.

Al-Mammuna - unlike many - I wondered not so much gold (he was rich), how much stored inside the pyramid (so the numerous spies were informed, who were engaged in clarifying the secrets of the Egyptian pyramid - Hope's local residents) Card of the starry sky and the whole land - Sultan was an astronomer and even transferred to the Arabic language "Almagest" Ptolemy. In addition to star and earthly cards, he assumed to find a weapon, which is not subject to corrosion, and glass that does not beat and which can be bent. Because of these wonderful things, he decided to break the stroke in huge stone blocks, of which the pyramid is folded.

Because the stone was extremely durable, the scientist Sultan applied an excellent knowledge of physical laws: at the beginning she looked like a hammer in a stone, after him she was hot, then watered with wine vinegar - the stone could not stand and gave cracks. In such a way, the workers of the Sultan struck the course of the Pyramid Center. By the way, the robber move exists in the pyramid to this day. By a strange coincidence, it turned out to be practically next to the present entrance, once had a secret swivel mechanism: multi-torque stones climbed and diverged to the sides, but for this it was necessary to find a secret swivel device.

In Egyptian papyrus, it was so indicated: "In the middle of one of the sides there is a stone. Watch it, and a long pass will open before you. " But in the middle of which wall, what stone? In the ancient time, this entry was not at all a secret. According to the description of Strabo, this entrance hole led to a very narrow and long corridor, then into a small room, which had a descent into a deep raw pit at almost the very founding of the pyramid (in antiquity, this pit was such a landmark: antique tourists came there to boast, What they visited the pyramid!).

But with time, about the place of stone forgotten. Sultan, of course, could not find a swivel device, although he knew about his existence, but he had thirsty of the Gold subjects, they also struck the entrance in monolithic plates - the work was probably painful. However, they were lucky: they were not only included in the corridor laid in ancient times, but they could literally "bother" the road to the so-called Tsaritsy funeral chamber, and then with the same torments made their way to the funeral chamber of Pharaoh, where they found empty stone sarcophagus. Gold was not. Sultan, who did not want to disappoint the rates, paid their services with full gold. Whatever disappointing their companions-treasure detectors, he has threatened the treasures inside the pyramid, giving it an opportunity to find himself aliens!

According to one of the legends, Al-Mammun discovered the sarcophagus, in which the Stone Statue of Pharaoh lay, and inside the statue found his body, which was decorated with gold and precious stones, in the hands of Pharaoh held a sword, which is not corrosion and has power over people, but This is a legend. Al-Mammun did not find anything in the pyramid, only lost time and money at this event.

Actually, the scientific study of the Egyptian pyramids began the beginning of Napoleon. In his Egyptian campaign, he took French scientists - so that those described the antiquities of Egypt and in such a way the memory of the commander was perpetuated. Napoleon did not give peace envy to another great commander -, so it becomes clear, why he was needed in the army a meaningless ballast like historians and geographers. During the hostilities, this ballast was drilled by Napoleon's soldiers under the protection of French weapons along with the donkeys, but none of the scientists did not ropat. "Donkey and scholars in the middle," the order sounded, and academic scientists were shot down in herd - this campaign was so. Probably, not only the thought of glory forced Napoleon to take on the war to those who are absolutely unsuitable, there was another secret thought: Napoleon knew that the fighting would be able to damage the ancient monuments, so if the fate of them to be destroyed, he would remain although would be a description. In this regard, he was a prudent man.

This secret thought, by the way, was not at all unnecessary. When the French was captured by Plateau Giza, Napoleonic soldiers showed the true face of Europeans: they shot themselves for fun. The great sculpture survived many centuries of the rule of pharaohs, Roman dominion, Arab conquest, but it turned out to be absolutely powerless before the artillery of ignorant French. The main damage caused by the Sphynx, he received from the army, which, on a bitter coherent circumstances, was brought with me scientists to explore antiquities! It was an entertaining spectacle: soldiers exercising in the sighting shooting on stone colosses, and scientists, in a hurry sketching what could be doomed to destruction. But the pyramids, and the Sphinx managed to still resist.

They stand to this day - mysterious and huge structures, attracting the attention of both Egyptologists and simple tourists. Those in the measure of the forces are trying to carry ancient stones from Egypt, only it is practically impossible - unlike European architectural antiquities, such as Parfenon, Egyptian pyramids are difficult to remove the pebble: very much these "pebbles" are large and inappropriate.

Egyptian pyramids, like none, perhaps, ancient constructure, There are many disputes and assumptions, some scientists try to understand the true purpose of the pyramids, expressing the most different, sometimes absolutely wild hypothesis, others do not cease to believe that the pyramids are the tomb of the pharaohs. The latter is the dogma of Egyptology, and it is almost impossible to fight this dogma. Open any school textbook, and even better - the textbook of the history of countries Ancient Mira For students, and there you will find only this wonderful interpretation: the pyramids are the tombs of pharaohs, although, by and large, there is not a single archaeological certificate that the pyramids were built precisely for this reason!

None of the famous Egyptian pyramids did not even find looting burials. Empty sarcophages - yes, but no traces that previously in sarcophagas were the body of Pharaoh. No, on the contrary, all famous burials of Pharaoh found in the so-called valley of the kings - well-protected crypts of the Egyptian nobility. The wonderful burial of the young Pharaoh Tutankhamon was also found at all in the pyramid, but in the usual tomb, which, fortunately for Egyptology, was unproved.

This tomb in the fall of 1922 was opened by the archaeologist Howard Carter, while literally in the same area where he spent the excavation decade ago. The tomb was located under the beggar of Fellakh huts, which in the end the archaeologist ordered to demolish. Sometime, a well-disguised entrance to the underground dwelling of Tutankhamon opened. And although the front burial chamber was plundered, the second chamber robbers did not touch. In this underground chamber there were truly royal relics, the sarcophag of the very pharaoh was not touched. Now both the sarcophague itself, the funeral gold mask, Mummy Tutankhamon, and things collected for him happy make up several museum halls and are open to visitors. One mystical history is associated with the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamon. It is believed that all who opened the tomb of Pharaoh and engaged in studying things from the burial, died earlier than the nature of the time.

Mystery and purpose of Egyptian pyramids

The Giza Plateau contains three large pyramids, which, according to the legend, belong to the three pharaohs of the 4th dynasty - Hufu (Heops), Hafre (Hefren) and Mencauru (Micherina). These pharaohs ruled Egypt 5,000 years ago. Information that the tombs-pyramids belong to them are not based on the Egyptian, but from the ancient source. It is in the ancient times when Egypt was already an ancient state, and legends appear about the purpose of the pyramids.

The modern Greek historians described their information from Egyptian priests, and it is quite possible that these priests could incorrectly understand or the priests themselves were already safely forgotten who, when and for which the Egyptian pyramids erected. One can only imagine how many secrets were forgotten in 2.5,000 years - so much time passed from the 4th dynasty to antiquity. Even with an incredible program for the transmission of ancient information, an Egyptian priestly class, a lot over a thousand years could be lost or incorrectly interpreted.

To the times of Herodotus, which described in detail us as an appointment and device, and the construction of the pyramids, the priests-storyors could lose the lion's share of ancient knowledge. This is the more true that by the time of herodood only a few could read the sacred ideograph of the letter on which priests were recorded. The question is complicated and the fact that all three great pyramids do not have inside any dedication inscriptions.

In addition to the hufu named with the errors, in the pyramids, not found by Hefrena, nor the Micherina, who supposedly two other pyramids belong. And this also suggests that these structures have never been intended for the burial of pharaohs. The age of our great pyramids given by geologists, sharply diverges with the one that was proposed by archaeologists. Both on the pyramids and the Sphinx traces of water erosion were found. And this is the indicator that the pyramids were already built by the time of the 4th dynasty, that they are much older than!

Another thing is that Pharaohs who rule over Egypt late could use the ancient pyramids for their own purposes - and for burial, including. So mention in the text of the Herodotus use of the pyramids as tomb of concrete pharaohs can be fair. It is too important that at the time of pharaohs, the repair of the Sphinx was carried out, the archaeologists were found quite real traces of such repairs. But the pyramids - apparently the Whor of the Sphinx - for the millennium they could wear and also require repair. For Egypt, these were sacred structures. It is with the pharaohs of the 4th dynasty and a reproduction of the pyramids took place.

We are trying to save and renovate the monuments of the antiquity. If the pyramids were only tombs - there would be a big secrecy in them. But the Arabic texts of the Middle Ages inform us that once every three Great Pyramids Giza had facing and on the edges of the pyramids were recorded some ancient texts. Arabs mention that these texts were a vault of all known knowledge. However, they could and make mistakes: after all, at that time, the pyramid language was firmly forgotten and could not read texts.

The first Egyptian texts were read only in the first half of the XIX century due to the works of the young French scientist Schumpolon. But Champolon could not read anything if during the French campaign would not be found inscription on Rosett stone, made in three different languages \u200b\u200b- an Egyptian sign, ideographic letter and in Greek. Only thanks to this Greek text and managed to decipher the language of the ancient Egyptians. It was offered to read the hieroglyphs as pictures: the lion was drawn - hence, and the word is "lion", Ibis is drawn - it means that Ibis.

And of course - reading Egyptian texts in such a way gave the absurd texts. Arabs knew much less about ancient languageAnd they did not have a rosette stone. In the inscriptions on the facing of the pyramids, they saw some traces of pagan beliefs and therefore they simply got all the facing and ... decorated the floor plates in their main mosque! To this day you can see some of the Egyptian plates, if you visit this mosque. But most likely there are not all plates of facing. Yes, and to Arabic time partially facing was already lost ...

Some scientists are found in the ratios of the pyramids and much more curious parameters. Another scientist from the Napoleonic move of Zhomar suggested that the pyramids did not serve as the tomb of Pharaohs, and were a kind of metric sign to create a kind of standard of measures, an invulnerable stone standard. He was sure that the Egyptians perfectly owned not only geometry, but also as astronomy, which caused a homeric laughter from his contemporaries. But Zhomar was right in this: today more and more scientists agree that the Egyptians were excellent astronomers. And in this regard, the pyramid can be the key to these knowledge.

The fact is that if we take note, as if the pyramid of Heops would be completed with Heops, then it was used to be used to Cheops completely for other purposes. Hope's pyramid (as well as other pyramids) in unfinished before the vertex could be beautiful ancient ... telescopes. The researchers considered the possible options for such a device and concluded that if the Pharaoh's burial chamber was not still built, this is a structure having an observational site instead of the king chamber on a flat base and walking down the mine with a slot - a slit-focused on the most "sustainable" for Egypt's latitudes star Sirius (Sotis), as well as inland reservoirs, built in such a way that the stone gap reflected in it, served as an excellent means to observe the stellar sky.

On the use of aquatic mirror and a narrow slit with a mine to observe the starry sky, V. Vasilyev wrote in the article "The Second Birth of Idrooptics": "Indeed, we will imagine that in the center of the cave is a reservoir, and a hole has been done on this reservoir. Water flowing in a reservoir is spinning in a slow whirl ... With the help of such a telescope near the equator, it is possible and without flat mirrors to see solar spots, like a spherical body ... distinguish double stars and satellites Solar system" The Egyptians had no cave, but a pyramid with a water mirror. Even in modern standards, it was a very good telescope, which made it possible to produce the most accurate astronomical calculations. But then ... Then the Egyptians were not just aware of astronomical issues, but should have been perfectly known to astronomy, almost at the modern level of us!

Proof of this can be seen not only in the fact that our pyramid is suddenly not a tomb, but the observatory, but in how all three pyramids are located on the Giza Plateau. And the location of them, by the way, is rather curious. Pyramids on the Plateau Giza are in a certain order, if you look from above, they are not on one straight line, although focused on the sides of the world. These deviations from straight gave the opportunity to scientists to express assumption that "big pyramids show, as Venus, Earth and Mars were located in their orbits at 10 532 to R. X.! Moreover, the Sharaf Budnikova method allowed to establish a date: September 22 for the Novyulian calendar! The Earth then was strictly between the Sun and the constellation of the lion. " This is one opinion belonging to E.Menshov.

Other researchers include the construction of the pyramids to an even earlier era of 21,600 years to 75,000 years. But it is ... Yes, we again find yourself before the assumption that the history of mankind should be largely longer than we used to think. But then the Egyptian pyramids were built at all by the Egyptians. And it was not, it means that the army of slaves, which pulled on wooden rims stone monoliths? And the supervisors did not whip the screak of unrelated workers? As for the slaves and the impression of the supervisor, then at the Heopse on the construction of the pyramids were not the slaves at all, and Fellahi, that is, there are some kind of subaneren in some plane, but personally free, and they built in the period when agricultural work was impossible because Yes, and it turned out a total of 20 years of labor. Moreover, for the construction of them paid a salary, which was managed to contain their considerable families.

But the pyramids did not build anyheops, and the people of the deepest antiquity unknown to us, who, according to legend, were the gods and founded the first dynasties, the pharaoh man came to shift. Less known as the first pharaoh from Egyptians, descendant of the gods. From the ancient Egyptian history, the information was preserved that the architect of the pyramid was Imhotep - the Supreme Priest, it was quite possible, it was imhotep and rebuilt the pyramids due to their definite temples. The creator of the pyramids is called God Tota or - at the adopted late version - Hermes of the Trismegist - Hermes of Trizzhelik. It is possible that in this name is hidden a special meaning: thanks to Hermes and three great pyramids were built, for which he received the title of triysheelik. And the pyramids of Giza can be viewed as a special complex, not only as an observatory.

Scientists drew attention to the peculiarities of Heops's pyramid: in antiquity she could serve as a kind of sunny calendar, showing the most important astronomical milestones with great accuracy - the days of equinox (spring and autumn) and summer and winter solstice. The obsolence-surrounding pyramid area was laid out in a specially fitted plates having designations. The shadow of the pyramid was held on these plates as the clock arrow on the dial to us. And if the ancient information is true, then the facing of the pyramid sparkled under the rays of the sun, so it is likely that they were not even on the shadow of the pyramid, but on the luminous arrows that lay on stone bases! But the observatory and the stone calendar is not all.

There is an assumption that in Giza was a medical complex. And this may well be, because for the reconstruction of one specialist around the pyramids, pools were built, where the healing baths received, in different parts of the plateau itself, the remains of the temples were discovered. In addition, it is known that in the Egyptian temples have already been able to serve the priests-doctors. In addition, the pyramids were somehow connected to the yarrow through the channel system, presumably, under the rock base, the pyramids are both channel residues and underground transitions. That is, the pyramids were connected with each other not only visually, but also the network of underground communications. Regarding the pyramids themselves, the question is, of course, controversial. But the fact that there is an underground gallery from Sphinxes (there were two of them, and the pair Sphinx is now found) to the pyramid of Heops, is a fact. Even in the ancient times about the existence of such a move knew well.

It is believed that the pyramids were something like the power plant. After all, we found strange glass vessels with sealed rods, very strongly similar to our lamps ... There are numerous legends about the magic luminaires, which were used in the pyramids. Yes, and explain how the ancient Egyptians conducted inner murals of the pyramids, tombs and temples, if there were no single trail from the smoking torch on the walls and ceiling - the only one, in our opinion, possible lighting in the room without windows is impossible, unless not It is assumed that artists had unknown devices for us for lighting. Some even suggested that they were known something like solar batteries.

For other assumptions, the pyramids were warehouses of water for the period of drought. On the third - that these were huge granaries. On the fourth - that these were occult centers, where future priests passed a mystical dedication. And according to Henkok, the pyramids were a cosmodrome, from where the star gods came out into the outer space. So far, none of the assumptions received confirmation, starting from the very first, scientific, - that in the pyramids was buried the departed pharaohs. Just of all the proposed options, this is the most hopeless.

If you find yourself on the Plateau Giza and enter the pyramid of Heops, you will have to do a difficult and long path inside the pyramid. It is difficult for this path not only because of the heat and stuffiness, but also because from the first step you will have to go practically on the karachets - only a child can go through a low robber mine, which comes from the entrance to the pyramid. You will have to go all down and down, scoring on wooden steps until the corridor will begin, rising up, in the so-called Queen chamber. After the big gallery, you can climb the Pharaoh's burial chamber.

"This long gallery with a high ceiling," describes his journey inside the Pyramid of V. Lebedev, is also unique in its own way: it is the walls of carefully fitted stone blocks, and limestone plates of facing the false arch are laid so that each subsequent layer comes to the previous one . Ahead is another attraction - the gateway, about which tourists usually do not know. But this cunning adaptation was a trap for robbers, at which the cargo of sand from a disguised shelf had to be collapsed, and a heavy lattice would be blocked to the treasures of Pharaoh to be blocked by slightly grooves.

Japanese scientists were able to hold a miniature chamber through the gap inside the monolithic blocks from the room with a sarcophagus, and the camera showed another room, empty, and then a severe door was clearly visible with unclear shiny copper handles. So far, it does not work out to this door. Perhaps there is a room for her where the pyramid will open all the secrets to us? And it may well be that this room will be empty, as it happened in the history of the study of Egyptian antiquities.

Egypt is a country with a unique past, which still makes the greatest minds think about his secrets. The ancient Egyptians left behind a huge legacy, culture, brilliant architectural monuments and many mysteries.

1. How were the pyramids erected?

It is known that the pyramids served as graves for, all numbers about seventy pyramids. As for the largest pyramids, historians still can not understand how the ancient Egyptians could build an architectural structure of this scale? How did they manage to raise up the huge stone flies weighing more than 2 tons? One of the most bold theories can be called the assumption that they were erected using alien civilizations. Most, it may seem complete absurd, but still mystery about how the pyramids have been built remains unsolved.

2. Traps in the pyramid of Heffren.

In 1984, an incident occurred which he gave rise to another secret among the Egyptologists. The group of scientists went to the tomb and when they got out of her on the light, people saw that all the participants in the expedition ran out from the porrower's porch, terribly coughing, they had a bodies and eyes. At the same time, the doctors did not find any damage in their organism. Most inspired themselves about the "curses of the pharaoh tomb," as if anyone who enters the holy hall - will be killed by a curse. There is an assumption that in the pyramid there was a trap made by priests against robbers, and entering it, scientists launched it, that is, a poisonous gas was released. However, it is impossible to talk about it yet.

3. The mystery of the tomb of Michery.

There is a legend that possesses miraculous properties. Being inside the pyramid, a person can cure even from the most fatal disease in just a few hours. But the pyramid can also kill, there were cases when entering it, after several hours of stay began to feel bad, and some even lost their lives.

4. Horror in the pyramid of Heops.

Many researchers tried to know the mystery of the most huge pyramid, it ended in that many of them felt the deterioration of their health and left it. One of the scientists decided to experience it on himself, they were not believed to believe. It all ended quite poorly when he was found in, he was unconscious. If you believe him say, he lost consciousness after he experienced indescribable horror. What did the scientist saw? This mystery is never disclosed.

5. The mystery of the tombs of Tutankhamon.

One of the most famous archaeological finds in the world is not a plundered tomb of the pharaoh of the new kingdom. After opening the pyramid, all participants in the expedition, which were the first to enter the tomb, died from an unknown disease. Doctors have not yet determined that he looked off researchers, rumors about the "Curse of Tutankhamon", which says: "Anyone who dared to touch the sacred items - will die from the curse."

6. Mummy ruined the Titanic?

Lord Centerwil transported on famous Titanic The well-preserved mummy of the Egyptian priestess with a sign on which was a warning: "Whoever disturbs the mummy - dies," and the huge ship stumbled upon one only iceberg in the pure ocean. There is a version that the blame of the mummy is blamed everything.

7. What is the purpose of the pyramid?

Scientists still can't say exactly what they were built, there are such versions:

• the pyramids served as astronomical observatory;
• there were some references of architecture;
• served boards for sand storms;
• were pier for;
• he was the temple of Egyptian wisdom.

However, most of all, they served as tombs for the greatest pharaohs, but it is impossible to say for sure that it is impossible, because there is no confirmation of this fact.

8. Sphinx mystery.

Until now, it is unknown for which this very "non-standard" structure was erected. There is an assumption that the Sphinx should guard the peace of the pharaoh and protect the tombs from the robbers. Once again, this is only an assumption, and the truth of the statue with the female head, the body of the lion, the wings of the eagle and the tail of the bull did not solve so far.