The history of the ancient city of Hieropolis is very rich. It leaves the roots of 2 century BC. E. When the "Holy City" was laid by the Attalid Dynasty. In 133 g to n. e. Romans, having come into power, created an elite healthy health with hot mineral sources here. Living sources attracted many pilgrims who want to cure. But the miraculous properties of the waters turned out to be not for any robin, and those who did not help them remained here until the end of their days, but buried them nearby. Thus formed a big necropolis, which continued to replenish the city while there was a city. In 395 BC. e. Hieropolis Moves to the Byzantium and becomes the center of the bishop. By the way, about religions: it is believed that in these lands they were crucified on the cross one of the twelve apostles of Christ - Philip, although his grave was still not found. For a long time, the city replaced the "owners" until finally was conquered by Turkey. Being in the zone of high seismic activity, Hieropolis more than once became a victim of earthquakes and was rejected again, each era left her architectural monumentsBut until all of the old beauty lived to this day. Hieropolis was completely destroyed by an earthquake in 1534. Of the relatively continued monuments of antiquity, you can visit the temple of Apollo, an antique theater, the Pleasopatra pool, a triumphal arch, necropolis, the Byzantine gate, the tomb of St. Philip. At 11 c. Nearby was built new town With Pamukkale Castle (in Per. from Turkish - "Cotton Castle").
Now excursions in Pamukkale Very popular among tourists. They are attracted by Geyser sources Pamukkale - Beating thermal keys from under the ground, the temperature of which is an average of 36 o C, as well as the amazing look of snow-white mineral deposits with a height of up to 160 m., Formed by water saturated with calcium salts. Travertines (in the lane from the Italian - stage) from the shiny and iridescent natural formations are filled mineral water - These are peculiar natural baths with millions of raging bubbles. Due to the fact that a huge number of people arrived at the guided tours in Pamukkale in order to "sweep this mysterious salt mantle" and leave their mark there, now access to many salt terraces is closed, in order to maintain this miracle of nature in an original form, although before it was possible to walk here barefoot. But the spectacle is stunning even from afar - it is like drifts in the middle of a hot summer. Sources Pamukkale They contain seventeen species of thermal waters, and on a specially designated territory you can experience their healing properties and soak in these "jacuzzi", which, at one time, enjoyed Cleopatra.
Living sources attracted many pilgrims who want to cure. This health rescue is popular to this day.
Pool "Cleopatra"
Approximately 400,000 years ago, a whole series of destructive earthquakes took place in the center of modern Malaya Asia, and in this connection here was formed mineral Source. Hot springs, literally oversaturated calcium, steel with an incredible speed (hundreds of liters per second) pour into a plateau.
The content of calcium salts in the source was so big that snow-white mountains up to 160 m in many centuries were formed here. travertines. This area with mineral formations is called Pamukkale - Due to the amazing similarity of the snow-white slope of the mountain with endless cotton plantations, has long been cultivated in the central part of modern Turkey. 
Travertines(in the lane from the Italian - stage) from the radiant and irritating natural formations in the sun filled with mineral water - these are peculiar natural baths with millions of raging bubbles. 
Come in Pamukkale is better in the morning. First, there will be not so many tourists here (otherwise the Cleopatra will not be the place in the pool), secondly, it is very hot here. Unlike the sources, the ancient city itself enjoys less popular ...
Map of Hierapolis.
In 133 BC e. The city switched to the patronage of Rome. After the earthquake in 17, AD. It was rebuilt, and in the 60s I century n. e. Acquires fame in Roman aristocratic circles as a resort. There is a flourishing of the city. 
In 1219, after a strong earthquake, Hierapolis was gradually destroyed. Ruins, which are visible in this area, are entirely related to the Roman period. The ruins of urban fortress walls are preserved, the foundations of the Apollo sanctuary, plutonium plot, the monumental source, today turned into a swimming pool of the motel, the gate of Domitsian, Triumphal Arch, Byzantine gates, chief prospect, decorated with columns, source, bath, reservoir, which was behind the fortress walls, churches, necropolis and labeling graves of St. Philip on a small mountain hill outside the city. 
Upstairs are ruins Martyrian St. Philip.
The path to them lies by amphitheater.
The theater accommodates 8,500 thousand spectators, it is used in our day during the festival in Pamukkale. 
Here the ancient tract has been perfectly preserved. 
Martyria can be reached by monumental staircase from the city. 
Archaeologists work at the top. 
After a while, namely, 28.07.11, the news will be published about the accomplished find. It was here found the grave of one of the 12 apostles (students) Jesus Christ Phillippa. "For many years, we have tried to find the grave of the Apostle Philip, who was executed by the Romans in Hyherapolis about 2000 thousand years," said the archaeologist in an interview with NTV television company.
"To date, it was believed that the grave of Philip was on the" hill of the victims. " We conducted geophysical research there and did not find it. During the excavations, started a month ago, 40 meters from the Church of St. Philip on the "Hill of Victims", we found the ruins of one basilica, and there they found the grave of the apostle, "says the Italian scientist. 
Martyrie St. Phillippa. 
From here on top there is a picturesque view. 
In addition, we go down to the city itself. 
One of the attractions of the city is Temple of Apollo (III century AD). What we see it now is playback cult facility The era of Hellenism destroyed by an earthquake. 
Hierapol (Hierapolis)
Ierapol - antique city, the ruins of which are 17 km from the Turkish city of Denizli. Modern name The location of Jerapolis - Pamukkale, Turkey.
The first excavations in the hierarp rank started from 1887 by the German group of archaeologists. The modern stage of research began in 1957 by the Group of Scientific Institute of Archeology Italian. Since 1973, this group also produces restoration work. Archaeological and restoration work continues at the current Maier members (Italian mission in the hierarpolis).
The first buildings on the site of the hierakolis appeared in 2 millennia BC. e. King Pergamum Eugene II in 190 BC. e. Built a new city at this place and called Hierapolis (with gr. - Sacred City). The city was subsequently destroyed by an earthquake and rebuilt anew. In 133 BC e. The city switched to the patronage of Rome.
The city played an important role in the spread of Christianity. In 80, in the hierarpolis was crucified on the cross down his head and painfully died by one of the 12 apostles - St. Philip. Konstantin Great made the city of the region of Frigia and at the same time the center of the bishop.
In 395, the city passes under the control of Byzantium. In 1097, the city was transferred to Turkish Sultan as military compensation. In the future, Jerapolis, along with nearby cities, Lodicia and Colosse are a disputed territory and goes out of hand to hand several times. Finally, the city passes under the power of the Turks in 1210
In 1354, a powerful Thracian earthquake finally destroyed the city.
The ruins of temples, palaces, theaters of that time have been preserved until now.Antique columns, tombstones and carved decorations from stone resting at the bottom of Pamukkale pools . Near the White Terraces Pamukkalevozhden Pool, in which, according to legend, bathed queen of Egypt Cleopatra.
Researchers believe that King Eman II founded hierarpolis on the site of more ancient structureswhat is the testimony features of the processing of some blocks With protrusions on the perfectly ground surface. Houses, temples, baths, the theater were collected from different blocks, perhaps from the ruins of more ancient buildings. Similar features of the processing of blocks are found in Peru - Machu Picchu, Olitantambo.
The skill of builders is evidenced by gigantic polished blocks, ideally fitted to each other without a fixing solution, polygonal laying, amazing columns and arches, sarcophages, jewelry carved from solid stone. The arches arches of ancient facilities are bonded without a solution and hold a friend for each other thanks to high-quality processed parties. The blocks are fitted perfect and hang in the air at an altitude of more than a dozen meters. The arch of each arch consists of a double row of blocks rumped over each other, where each block weighs at least poltonny.
For many kilometers in the mountains, water supply systems were laid for the supply of hierarose water. Sources of drinking water were at height from 800 to 1100. Meters above sea level. The waterways were made of clay pipes with a diameter of 20 to 40 centimeters and had a length of 52 - 62 centimeters. The pipes were buried to the ground or laid in specially carved tracks in rock.
Until now, the remnants and even the whole arches of aqueduct, built to lay water pipes over narrow and deep dips in the mountains. The size of the aqueducts is up to two meters in height and to one and a half meters in width. Higher Points Water gaskets were located at altitudes between 1085 and 1065 meters, and the length of the water fluids ranged from 6.5 to 13.5 kilometers.
Necropolis " Sacred City"It is one of the largest in Turkey. "The city of the Dead" occupies a large area where there are hundreds of crypts and witharcophages of different times. In the center of one of the terraces, the mausoleums from highly processed stone blocks, connected to each other without a solution, with a height of about three meters, half immersed in travertine. Perhaps the mausoleum was built long before the travertine appeared?
Today I invite you to an excursion for one unusual sights of Turkey - White Mountain and the Antique Code
Almost every tourist who came to (even by a ticket to the hotel "All Inclusive") and seeing photos of this unusual place - With turquoise water, seeks to visit the White Mountain. Often the guides are called Pamukkale "the eighth miracle of the world" and lure on this excursion not only beautiful photos, but also to buy in the famous mineral water pool - cleopatry pool.
Mineral water travertines Pamukkale But you can get in Pamukkale not only with a tour, but also yourself. How to get to Pamukkale, about Pamukkale hotels and about the village itself I already told.
Pamukkale and Jerapolis: mode of operation and the cost of visiting
And this is one large complex, on the one hand there is a mountain itself with travertines, and on the other - the remains of the ancient city of Jerapolis and the museum. Between them is the Cleopatra pool.
You can get into the Pamukkale complex on both sides:
- the first entrance to the mountain from Pamukkale town near the lake. At the entrance, you need to go out and climb up the mountain barefoot (on white terraces travertines, you can not walk in the shoes, the guard is strictly followed!)
On travertines can only go barefoot 
Start ascent to Mount Pamukkale 
- and you can go through the entrance, near which the Northern Necropolis of Jerapolis is located. To this second entrance to bring buses with tourists, and the parking lot for cars near this entrance is more. If you entered through the second entrance, then you have to go through the ruins of the ancient city to travertine. But then it is allowed to go into shoes 🙂, but to go out only when entering the white terraces.
The road from the second entrance by the ruins of an ancient hierarpolis to travertines Mode of operation:
The entrance to the territory of the Pamukkale complex is open:
- from 8:00 to 21:00 from April 15 to October 2
- from 8:30 to 17:00 from October 3 to April 14
The cost of visiting:
The cost of visiting Pamukkale (Pamukkale) is 35 lir, you can pay for both cash and bank card.
The territory is located on the territory of the hieraapolis museum - the cost of visiting 5 lire.
We did not have time to the hierapolis museum, it works until 20:00 The cost of visiting the pool Cleopatra (Antique Pool) - 33 Lyras
Pamukkale (Pamukkale) - White mountain, located near the city of Denzene. The word "Pamukkale" is translated as a "cotton castle". They called this white mountain, because she actually resembles the mountain of white cotton, or snow.
Well, what is not a snowy mountain? :) 
Just like snow! She recalled the snow, not a cotton, but, probably, the Turks did not know what snow was, so they have this white mountain associated with cotton (although it is strange why the Turks were not familiar with the snow - they have snow in the mountains Even there is not so good as in, but for beginners or for families with children it is quite suitable). No matter how it was, now this mountain and village next to it is called Pamukkale.
Travertines Pamukkale
Travertines Pamukkale (White terraces of bizarre form) were formed during many years due to the deposition of calcium carbonate salts, which is contained in mineral Wateroh flowing from the mountain. Mountain is not salty!
So now there looks travertines Pamukkale 
Many travertine terraces are not filled with water now. 
I think I have a similar photo for everyone who visited Pamukkale 🙂 
White travertines Pamukkale At the top of the mountain there are 17 sources with mineral water of different temperatures: 30 -38 degrees. In general, travertine is a stone, between limestone and marble. Here is such a white stone and covered the whole mountain Pamukkale.
Travertine - white stone between limestone and marble Water flows from above, filling the terraces. Now, as we understand, the water includes on schedule. When we were on travertines Pamukkale (in the evening) not all terraces were filled with water. But still, some of them could go and warm the legs in a 35-degree driver.
Pamukkale travertines: not all terraces are filled with water. To the left - terraces without water - they look not very beautiful 
Water in terraces warm, but not hot! 
Some tourists completely climbed into this water (although there is a finely knee. I also thoughtfully enjoy a warm bathroom, but when we walked on the mountain we were in a hurry, and when we went down it was already cold. Although I prepared for swimming in advance - even a swimsuit 🙂
The healing properties of Mineral Water Pamukkale are known from very long time. Back in ancient times, a spa complex was formed here. In the place of the Roman bath, even the pool was built, where the tsarina Cleopatra was bathed. Water in land round year About +36 degrees. It is said that the fostering in this pool people feel re-born! IN cleopatry pool Always crowded. We did not plan to swim in it, we have already enjoyed warm almost deserted pools with mineral water in terms near.
And in Pamukkale, skin and cardiovascular diseases, gastritis, bronchitis are treated. In some cases it is necessary to take baths, and in some - drink water. But, of course, all this must be done by the course and under the supervision of the doctor.
Previously (until 1997), straight on Mount Pamukkale stood hotels in hydropribs with pools with thermal water. Because of this, white travertines began to pollute, serving, lose their bright white color. Hotels decided to demolish, and since 1988, Pamukkale is protected by UNESCO.
Now white travertines begin to recover (for this they banned the passage of almost all sections of the White Mountain and are very strictly followed by the observance of the rules), but until the full restoration of the former beauty is still very far.
Travertine terraces, closed for visiting: It is strictly forbidden to walk on them! 
It is necessary to climb the mountain very carefully. Here it is slippery and go on sharp pebbles barefoot. Under the end of the path, the track is narrowed, and there are many people. On the one hand, the mountain, with another break. I slipped there and fell on the sore leg, nothing terrible, but frightened strongly. Be careful, especially follow the children.
That stones will have to climb barefoot 
Path for lifting to Mount Pamukkale 
At the end of the lift, very narrow and slippery trail begins. Hot water flows next to the ditch, I warmed my heels there on a cold stone It was not fun to go down from the mountain too: we went down after sunset, in the dark. Not only is slippy and cracker go, it's still cold! Hot water was blocked (horror, and there turned off hot water, not only in our Kiev) and we walked around the cold grief, occasionally stopping, to warm up the legs in the groove with hot water next to the cliff. For a long time I did not freeze!
After passing the travertine climb upstairs, we have been trembling and falling into a beautiful park.
Rose, you can go 
Mountain Park 
Roses, Chamomile, Cypress, Mountains ... Waves for recreation. Here you can sit endlessly inhaling the dry mountain air with the aroma of roses and enjoying the surrounding landscapes.
But we need to go further.
Antique city of Jerapolis
Antique city of Jerapolis (Hierapolis) Or Hierapolis was built in 190 BC. By order of the king of the Parchment of Eugene II on the site of ancient buildings, which are dated again 2000 BC. Because of its healing thermal sources, the city acquired great popularity.
The ruins of the ancient city of Jerapolis 
The city was part of the Roman Empire, and then Byzantia. In the city preached one of the 12 apostles - Saint Philip. Here he died painful death.
As it turned out, the place for the construction of the city of Jerapolis was not selected, it was not successful - here the earthquakes were very often and the city was repeatedly destroyed and rebuilt. After the last earthquake of 1354, no longer restored.
Now in a huge territory we can observe the ruins of the ancient city of Jerapolis.
Here is one of the largest necropolia in Turkey with hundreds of crypts and sarcophagus. They say people came to be treated on thermal sourcesBut not all diseases could be cured, they died and buried them on the northern necropolis of the hierarpolis.
Tombs right on white traverseines The central entrance to the hierapelis was the gate of Domitsian, they fall into the street long about 1 km and width of 14 m. Previously, there were at home along the street, now you can see only their remains.
Domitsian Gate, built in 83 of our era 
Domitsian Gate - Main Entrance to Jerapolis 
Street Frontina is the main street Ancient city of Hieropolis And we rushing through the field to the ancient amphitheater with the hope of meeting there the sunset. But we did not count a little time and the sunset caustious us in the field.
Beautiful sunset in Pamukkale 
Looking at the most beautiful sunset, which was very uncomfortable to shoot without a tripod, we decided not to go to the amphitheater, but until it was dark to start going down.
Loved on the Amphitheater of the Jerapolis from afar. It was built on a hill in the 2nd century. Designed for 12 thousand spectators. In the summer there are musical festivals.
Amphitheater in the hierarpolis 
Latest frames in flowers on the square near the hierarpolis museum, we conjure and start the descent down.
1. Pamukkale is worth a visit, it is desirable independently, without travel agency. Get the most convenient on the car or bus. And you can fly by plane in Cenezley. Plane tickets Search on Aviasales.ru.
2. Schedule to inspect Pamukkale more time. The territory of the complex is huge. Optimally spent here all day from morning to evening and tumble in the village. The hotel can be selected and book on Booking.com. We spent on visits to the complex 4 hours - a little !!! The ruins of the ancient city quickly ran, the museum and pool of Cleopatra did not visit.
3. Pamukkale favorite place Paktnikov. Tourist buses from all over the coast will be brought here! From, Kemer,. From 11 am to 5 pm on travertines, do not push around. Consider this when planning a walk through Pamukkale. Unfortunately, entrance ticket You can use only once, otherwise it would be optimal to do this: in the morning to 12 inspect the hierarpolis, go down to the city, have lunch, relax in the hotel, buy in the pool, and after 5 pm climb the travertines at the top and meet the sunset there.
4. Day on the mountain is very hot and bright sun: Be sure to take with you water, headdress, sung glasses, smear cream from sunburn.
5. Dress the swimsuit - It may want to climb into travertines with mineral water. They saw people moved around the middle of the mountains, wrapped in a towel - not a pleasant sight. When you raise the travertine in the mountain, please put your clothes. For some reason, Russian-speaking tourists often think that Turkey is one big Beach And everywhere go to bathing suits. No, it's not a beach, you still need to wear clothes 😎
6. Consider that the travertines can only go barefoot. And even in May in the evening it was very cold to descend on the cold stone. If you plan a trip to Pamukkale in winter - it is better to go from the northern entrance, go through the ruins of an ancient city, approach travertines, and then decide - go down or not.
7. Photographing travertines from a tripod is prohibited.
I hope my story and tips will help you in planning a trip to Pamukkale. Pleasant rest!
What would not miss new articles, subscribe to the blog update and my channel youTube.com. - Subscription form below under the article.
Hi, dear readers!
I continue my story about independent journey In Turkey, and the story about the ancient city of Jerapolis. Far to walk do not have to. Jerapolis is located on the very cotton grief, which I wrote about in my previous one.
The first city buildings appeared in the 2nd millennium BC. Jerapolis, as a transit banner, passed several times from hand to hand. At first, the Romans ruled here, then the city went under the control of Byzantium. Well, and in the end in 1097, Ierapolis passed the Turkish Sultan. The city collapsed several times under the influence of earthquakes, but every time was rebuilt again. Only one earthquake Jerapolis did not survive - Thracian in 1354. After that, the city was not restored.
At first I got acquainted with the city plan with interest, while I managed to hook a piece of taking a guide. Please note the inscriptions are duplicated in Russian, which is very convenient. Attention immediately attracts number 7 and â„–11. A large rectangular structure (Agora) in its essence is a market square, a center for public and business life citizens. The letter and the pool of Cleopatra is marked.
An antique theater, besides well preserved, I could not miss in any way and first of all headed for him. The road from the Cleopatra baths is a bit in a slide. I did not work quickly. First, I adore the ancient ruins and necessarily the braking near every column (and there, believe me, there is something to see). Secondly, March in Turkey blooms and smells. Well, how can you go past such beauty?
At first I decided that it was Maki, but looking at the closer, I understood that in front of me wild tulips.
The theater is located on a small hill and when you can see only stone walls to the main entrance. But when you go inside ... the spirit captures. From 15 to 20 thousand spectators simultaneously could accommodate here during the presentation. It is impossible to approach the scene and columns, and sorry.
Only on the largest increase in the camera can be seen architectural details. Some sculptures are exhibited in the museum, but this is later.
A little thoughts on the steps of antiquity I went on, to the ruins of the main temple on the hill. It is difficult to get lost, you will be held a powerful trail.
I liked that near each archaeological site there is a special sign with photos and explanations. Had to be satisfied with the text on english languageBut the main essence could be grasp. For example, ancient bridge St. Philip
The object is practically not preserved, but the steps leading to the temple are perfectly preserved. In the background there is a panorama of a white mountain.
Currently, an excavation is carried out in the hierarpolis. While writing an article came across the 2011 information. Italian archaeologists have discovered the tomb of St. Philip, which was unsuccessful to find 30 years. The Apostle Philip was one of the 12 Nearest Followers of Jesus. The tomb did not open (at least then). External artifacts, inscriptions and the very form of the tomb directly indicated that the Apostle Philip was buried exactly here. I quickly looked at my photos and joy discovered the very tomb.
I remember, I was still surprised that the tomb was locked.
And here is the main cathedral. He was huge and had a specific shape, which is quite recognizable on the ground, but photographs can no longer convey such details. I myself, when he looked at the photos after the trip, I realized that I see only ancient ruins in the photo. There you need to be, touching the marble surface of the columns, to represent how it all looked before ...
After a walk along the hill, I went down and headed towards the necropolis. City of dead In the hierarpolis huge, its length is about two kilometers.
Before us is the central street of the city. I vividly presented to myself how noble people were slowly walking on the hierarpolis in white clothes. By the way, in the center of the photo a funny couple from China, which for a long time installed the camera for a tripod, then jumped fun, and now they consider their photosholes).
On the plate in front of the vintage columns is modestly written - Lodine. What do you think it is? A powerful building with columns is nothing more than ... .. a common toilet! Lodine was a mandatory public building, besides paid.
The central gates of Dominitian is a kind of entrance to the hierapolis. On the other side begins necropolis.
Immediately after the gate, my attention attracted interesting construction. If it were not for the sign, I would never have guessed the true purpose of the structure. It looks like some sacrificial stone. See a special chute?
Everything is not so terrible as it may seem to my inflamed brain. This is a marvelous. Residents of the city sprinkled olives, and oil fastened to a special jug.
In view of a two-kilometer necropolis, I have no longer enough forces. I was interested only a few well-preserved tombs. Here is one of them.
I also planned to go to archaeological Museum. It is in the restored Roman terms right behind the travertines. The exposition is not very big, but very interesting. Sarcophages, statues, dishes, coins and a lot more are exposed in the halls. All artifacts were found during the excavations of the city, including in the amphitheater.
I adore all these archaeological antiquities to the trembling in the knees. I think that the local land keeps many more secrets. If you remove the meter of two soils, you can definitely find a lot of interesting things.
Finally, I'll show you a piece of building ancient term, in which the museum is now located. See how much the building went underground? According to my estimates - the meter is two or three. A real hierarpolis there, deeply underground is hidden from omnipresent tourists and us with you ...
With you was Oksana. To new meetings on the blog pages!
About Tom, read in a separate article.
Much better go to Cyprus with children
Waterfall Victoria Short description
Offer for Guides Booking Excursions on Online Service
Club of famous captains Full list Club of famous captains
Tale Resistant Tin Soldier