Tivuli Éra Già Rossu Quanno Roma éra "NFASCE!- When Rome was still in diapers, Tivoli already standing on her legs (Old local saying)
Just nine kilometers from Rome found rare natural phenomenon: Water in homes comes out of the crane carbonated. The Italian state does not interfere with such a comprehension of mineral water, and local residents are ready to protect this acquisition by any methods. Zone Tivoli is a real storehouse of the most valuable thermal fluid.
A bit of history
The city of Tivoli appeared in the ancient times on the coast of the Tveron River (Anio): he was called Tibur (Tibur), his population was latins and sabinianwest the cult of Hercules. The location of the city combined the advantages of the shortest route from Rome to the settlements of Abruzzo and proximity to the capital. The most popular building material in Rome - Marble travertine - Here is in abundance. However, to enter the story of this city really in God's will: this area was "NEPOSLAN" grace of two lakes - Regina and Praisewhose water had a whiteish color, for which ACQUE ACQUE was named (from Latin: white water). Now remember the most common disease of the aristocrats - gout, about the eternal process of acquiring land plots for the construction of villas under Rome, and everything will be understood: the city of Tivoli was destined to become a favorite place for generations of aristocrats.
The medieval history of Tivoli is the history of feudal redistribution, civil engineers and the transition of the city from hand to hand. Only in the XV century. Tivoli was attached to church possessions. The city survived the military expedition of Garibaldi, migration from the South and the North and the bombardment of the troops of the anti-Hitler coalition, adding to the north german armies. But the most pleasant "invasion" for local residents is a continuous stream of people who want to improve health, to conduct a tour of the in, heal the ailment or simply relax on weekends in the thermal niche.
White water
Essentially, Mineral Water Tivoli is a sulfur source. When leaving the surface of the lake, the gaseous emulsion of hydrocarbon and hydrogen sulfide reacts with oxygen, at which the sulfide is released, giving water a whitish color. Water temperature - 23 ° C.
The thermal water tivoli is used in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory system, with skin diseases, arthritis and rheumatism.
Attractions Tivoli
Villa D 'Est (Villa D "ESTE) was built in 1572 at the site of the old unsightly church convention, which was in the despondency of the Cardinal IPPolito d'Este (Ippolito d) of the Governor of Tivoli for life in the desire of a newly appointed Pope. Architect Pyrro LEGRIO, surrounded by the whole constellation of artists, sculptors and masters, created a system of canals that distinguish the water of the Anio River to the villa, and an unusually beautiful architectural ensemble erect.
Frequent change of authorities led to the fact that the villa began to gradually decline. The precious marble and antiques were looted, resell, and, as sources testify, the locals also took an active part. In 1918, Villa moved to the state of the state, was entirely restored and open to visitors. The most beautiful spectacle of the villas are a cypress garden and a fountain system.
| Fountain "Bowl" | |||
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Check out the magnificent photo report about Villa D "Villas:
Villa Adriana
Villa Adriana(Villa Adriana di Tivoli) was built by 117 AD. By order of Emperor Adriana. It turned into a country residence, from where the aging emperor ruled Rome. Initially, the villa was placed on an area of \u200b\u200b300 hectares, included many buildings (Cento Chamello, Building with three exideramSmall terms, Large Terms, Hall of Philosophers, Pretoria, barracks of guards, Cans Museum, Library, Hall dorian pilastors, covered gallery and others.). Villa Adrian existed to late antiquity. After it was devastated by the king of sharp TotlayVilla has been subjected to numerous invasions of jewelry seekers. There are few examples of such large-scale excavations of the treasures.
By order of the governor tivoli IPPOLITO.d.’ ESTEcolumns, marble mosens and sculptures of the villa were transferred to Villa D'ness. Currently, the fifth of the structures remained a poorly preserved fifth of the buildings.
| Golden Square | Canopa | Palace Venus | Small terms |
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Villa Adriana. Video |
The ancient picturesque town of Tivoli is very attractive for real connoisseurs of history and architecture. In addition to its natural beauty, Tivoli became famous for old fortresses and religious temples, but the main decoration of the city, rightfully, are luxury villas, now under the protection of UNESCO, as part World Heritage.
History of creating tivoli
Tivoli (the first name of Tibur) has a very rich historySince Rome was based on much earlier - in the XIII century BC. According to the legends, the city is named after Tiburct - the son of the Argos Tsar Amphiara.
Considering the fact that Tibur was located at a successful intersection of all the roads leading from Rome to the East, he became a gastrophe land for many nations - Pelasgov, Etruscans and Latinan.
During the reign of Latinan Tibur became strong enough and even successfully competed with Rome, but after the conquest of Tibuur Romans, he lost his former power and turned into an important transport node. Subsequently Tivoli used to rest Roman to knowwhich often built her villas here, to admire which we can and today.
But the desire to own an important transport hub continued long enough. For some time, Tivoli was under the rule of the Byzantines, Visigoths, Pope of Roman and even Austrian rulers.
Unfortunately, during World War II, the city was subjected to cruel bombardments, as a result of which many historical buildings were destroyed.
Painting Gustafa Palma "Cascades Tivoli", 1844
Villas tivoli.
The city has 3 main villas that have brought a lot of fame in the city: Andriana, Gregorian and D'Esta.
Villa Andriana
Villa Andriana is the name of the famous Ancient Roman emperor, who loved to relax here. This villa is the oldest of three, so preserved worse than justIn addition, it is from the center beyond the rest, but if you want to see the ancient buildings and green fragrant parks, then you are here.
Ruins Villa Adriana. In addition to these residues, the villa has excellent park and swimming pool with sculptures.
Villa Gregoriana
Villa Gregorian is a landscaped park with man-made cascading waterfalls, grotts, streams and tunnels. Because of the abundance of greenery, the water and indescribable landscapes of Villa Gregorian on the right blocked fame among tourists.
Waterfall Villa Gregoriana
Villa d'Esthe
Another villa, stunning no less - Villa d'Este. This villa is the most famous in the town, and the abundance of fountains and a thought-out park zone of Villa d'Este even better than the other villasAlthough others are no less interesting. Also, D'Eeste is famous for becoming a prototype of French Versailles and impressed the construction of the Russian Peterhof. [More O.villa d'Esta ]
Villa d'Esthe
Attractions Tivoli
In addition to fabulously beautiful villas, it is possible to see other historical sights in Tivoli. Tourists deserves the Fortress of the Fortress of Fortress - a medieval defensive structure, where various cultural events are held today.
Also tivoli is interesting for their basilicists, cathedrals and churches. In the temples of Tivoli, unique creations are preserved - sculptures, icons and frescoes, affecting the art of creation. In the Cathedral Church, you can admire the masterpieces of Lukatelli, Manting, Reni, and in the Church of St. Anne - the frescoes of the XV-XVIII century. Ancient sanctuary is interesting and the temple of Vesta and the Temple of Siville.
After a walk through the city, you can eat in the ancient restaurant "Sivila", which is a kind of attraction of the city.
At one time, the restaurant was attended by Goethe, Bryullov, Gogol, members of the Romanov family and other famous personalities.
Restaurant Sivil (Pink) and Temple
The excursion program can be combined with wellness procedures, because tivoli is famous for its healing thermal sources: the mineral water of this city is used to treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract.
Video about tivoli
How to get
The city is located 24 km from the capital of Italy. You can get to Tivoli from Rome by selecting the bus, train or excursion in tivoli with a transfer.
By bus
Tickets for travel by bus are usually bought in newspaper and tobacco kiosks, although they can be purchased in local pizzerias and cafes. Buses run every 20 minutesAlthough, as a rule, buses are always filled enough. Time on the road takes from half an hour to one and a half (the movement is delayed due to automotive traffic jams).
On train
Electric trains are sent from Roman Tiburn and Termini stations every 40-50 minutes. If you choose a train, the process of the trip will be pleasant.
The picturesque vintage town of Tivoli, located 24 kilometers from Rome in the province, is incredibly attractive for those who are interested in history and architecture. Architectural attractions of Tivoli in Italy: Fabulously beautiful villas with luxurious gardens and waterfalls. Tourists who come to Rome often prefer to visit tivoli more "promoted" sights italian capital. And only real connoisseurs know that this city should be visited by certainty.
History tivoli
The ancient city of Tibur (current tivoli) was founded in the XIII century BC, for several centuries before Rome. According to legend, its founders were Catilla and the Koramy - the sons of the Argos Tsar Amphiaray, who called the city in honor of his third brother of Tiburct. Once Tibur was very powerful, especially during the reign of Latinan - for some time he even successfully roldied with.
City tivoli older than Rome for several centuries
Later, the Romans conquered Tibur, turning it first into a rather significant transport node, and then during the reign of the emperor of August - in favorite place Recreation of wealthy citizens. In the surrounding area of \u200b\u200bTibuur, magnificent villas were built, in which Augusta itself, as well as Horace, patron, moderate, and other famous historical personality were built.
During World War II, an architectural park Tivoli in Italysubjected to numerous bombings that destroyed many buildings, some of them were never restored.
- The main attractions of Tivoli:
- incredibly beautiful villas included in the World Heritage List, protected by UNESCO,
- fortress
- vintage cathedrals and churches.
Villa Adriana in Tivoli
About 5 kilometers from the historic center is Villa Adrian, which preserved much worse than the rest. Built in the second century, this villa belonged to the emperor Adrian, often resting here with a retinue.
Country residence occupied large territory On the banks of the river, on which, except the main palace, there were theaters, temples, library, terms, as well as numerous ponds and swimming pools, surrounded by a picturesque fleet.
In the second century, the Villa belonged to the emperor Adrian
In the Middle Ages, this villa has declined - the locals used it as a source of building materials for their homes. In the XV-XVI centuries, the Villa Adrian was produced archaeological excavations, I found many sculptures, mosaics, reliefs, which are now stored in museums and private collections.
It was here that the famous discobol was found, as well as the Capitolian Antinea and Diana Versailles. At the end of the XIX century, the Villa took the state under his wing - the main square was partially renovated, the Emperor's Hall, Sea and Greek theaters, temple complex, library.
Villa Gregoriana
Villa Gregorian is landscape Park, famous for its man-made grots, waterfalls, tunnels and other hydraulic structures. All this magnificence was created in the XIX century under the leadership of Pope Grigory XVI, who decided to protect the city from devastating floods by building tunnels that divided the Anienna River into two sleeves overlooking the outskirts.
Villa Gregoriana is a landscaped park with grotts, waterfalls and tunnels
As a result of architectural and construction work, cascading waterfalls, streams, ponds appeared on the territory of the villa, and once the wild gorge turned into a favorite holiday destination Romans. The most popular attractions of this villa - the famous 120-Timest waterfall, Neptune and Siren grottoes, and the Miollis Gallery - a tunnel, cut into the rocks at the direction of the French general, who was the governor of Rome in the era of Napoleonic Wars.
Today, for the convenience of visitors through the territory of the Villa, the name of Pope Gregory, excursion routes are laid, equipped viewing platforms. Gregorian Villa Tour Tivoli Lazio is considered one of the most interesting in the metropolitan region.
Villa d'Esthe
The third and perhaps the most impressive villa of the architectural park Tivoli - Villa D'Esthe, located on the site of the former Benedictine monastery. The luxurious palace complex, surrounded by a magnificent landscaped park, belonged to Cardinal Ippolito D'Esta, appointed in 1550 by the governor of Tivoli in Italy.
On the territory of the Park Villa D'Eeste about 500 fountains
The construction of the governor's residence was entrusted to the architect Pyrro Ligorio and Alberto Galvani Engineer, Livio Agrist, Federico Dzucarro and Girolamo Muciano were finishing work. It is curious that part of the building materials used in construction was exported from the Adrian Villa.
The main building of the villa looks pretty concise, but this rigor is completely compensated by luxurious internal interior. The most impression does not produce the governor's palace, but an extraordinary beauty park with majestic stairs, decorated with antique statues, picturesque avenues and magnificent fountains. All fountains, and there are about 500 here, completely different - the fountain of ovato crowns the statue of Sibylis, the Fountain of Draghi - Dragons, the fountain of the Bicieron is made in the shape of a sink, and the organ - in the form of a huge body, once published wonderful musical melodies created by water flows, Passing through the pipes.
Fountain organ, at one time, published wonderful musical melodies
It is worth noting that villa d'Esthe served as a prototype for the construction of Versailles in Paris. And the Russian emperor Peter I was so impressed with the visit of the villa that after the visit here and conceived the construction of Peterhof.
Papal Fortress in Tivoli
Papal fortress, also known as the Fortress of Fius - Special landmark Tivolilocated 600 meters from the communal square - central Square cities. The defensive structure was built in 1461 in honor of the transition of the city under the papal power. The construction of the fortress was led by Pope II, the subsequent expansion of SIKST IV and Julius II. From the end of the XIX century and until 1960, the fortress was used as a prison. After that, the structure was transferred to the city authorities, organizing a large-scale reconstruction.
Fortress Pius is a powerful construction in the form of a square, the angles of which are strengthened by round towers of different heights. There are often various exhibitions and other cultural events.
Religious attractions
Tivoli a lot of churches and a basil worthy of attention. In many of them, unique works of art are kept - ancient frescoes, icons and sculptures that have historical and artistic value.
Fortress FIR was built in 1461
In the Cathedral located on Cathedral Square, You can see the work of Vincenzo Manti, Petro Lucatelli, Guido Reni, in the Church of St. Anne - the frescoes of the XV-XVIII centuries, in the Church of St. Victory - the frescoes of the XIV century, depicting Christ the Almighty and the Holy Simorosis. No less interesting, the Temple of Savilles and the Vesta Temple, which are located in the ancient Acropolis of Tivoli.
How to get to tivoli
Get to Tivoli from Romeyou can by bus or train. Buses to Tivoli are departed every 20 minutes from the Ponte Mammolo station, which, in turn, can be reached by metro. Tickets for the bus are sold in the nearest pizzeria, as well as in newspaper and tobacco kiosks.
Passengers traveling in this direction usually a lot, so take good places The bus is not easy - for this you have to hurry, and in some cases and work your elbows. The road takes from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours depending on the day of the week and the time of day - on weekdays on the highway Via Tiburnin is not uncommonning, car traffic jams, delaying movement.
Trains in Tivoli are departed from Tiburotino Station
Drips on the train are much more reliable and comfortable - there are no traffic jams on the railway, therefore the schedule, with rare exception, is observed. Trains in Tivoli are sent from Tibotino station (it can be reached by metro from).
Excursions in tivoli in Russian
You can get into tivoli on a tour and without elbow exercises in public transport. There are one-day excursions in Russian, and this is perhaps one of the best tours for those who want to get out of Rome to the outback somewhere, and at the same time avoid tedious movements. No wonder Blogoitaliano included it in the improvised.
To get into Tivoli on a tour, you should contact the Lelee - Gidu on Rome, which we have dedicated. To do this, you can write her a message on e-mail or through the feedback form below.
Like other most popular excursions in Rome, the trip is better to plan in advance. Excursions in Tivoli are individual, and therefore in the season many dates can be occupied in advance. However, even if everything remains to your trip, we recommend to clarify the opportunity to check the excursion. How to know, maybe you will be lucky, and one of the nearest dates will be free.
Where to go for one day from Rome? First of all, all guidebooks and guides recommend tivoli. Nature itself created all the prerequisites so that this small town become a real treasury with magnificent landscapes, luxurious villas and parks. If you add to this well the preserved Typical Italian Center for the Old Town, it becomes clear: if there is nothing more to watch in Rome, then you need to go to Tivoli.
It is surprising, but even though the tivoli is almost in all guidebooks in the first place in the lists of the "Where to go from Rome for one day" series, information about the city itself is very small. Surrounding information is limited to:
- Tivoli used to be called Tibur (Tibur), he is older than Rome - founded in the XIII century. BC.
- In Latin times, Tibur competed with Rome for influence in the region, but still in I.Do N.E. It was captured by the Romans, and later passed under the power of Dad.
- The breathtaking landscapes and mild climates have always attracted to God and God: Horace lived here, patron, Katull, Roman Emperor August turned the city into a fashionable holiday destination for the Roman aristocracy, and Emperor Adrian built a huge villa, the largest of the preserved today, which UNESCO calls The best example of the Imperial Country Villa Roman era.
- Over time, the name Tibur was transformed into Tibori, Tiboli and, finally, in Tivoli, however, the inhabitants of the city are more often called Tiburbinsky.
The list of attractions of Tivoli also pooes from one guide to another: Villa Adriana, Pope Castle Pia II (1458-1461), Villa D'Este (XVI century) and Gregorian Villa (XIX century). For inspection of 3 villas and the historic center of Tivoli, it is recommended to lay 2 full days: all villas are quite large, and they are scattered far from each other. It was also necessary to get from Nettuno to Tivoli for about 3 hours one way, to inspect everything was physically impossible, so we arrived in Tivoli sakeful for the villa d'Esthe, as the most spectacular city facility, the masterpiece of the Garden-Park Architecture of Renaissance, Forerunning and Prototype Versailles, Peterhof and many other European gardens.
Villa D "Este. Neptune fountain. Fountain of the Organ.
However, already on the entrances to the city, when the train carried us by absolutely unexpected and, perhaps, so the waterfall is so amazing for us, it became clear that here not only Villa d'Esta is worthy of attention. This waterfall is located in Villa Grigorian, which we did not plan to visit.
Tivoli stands on the Anienna River (Anien or Anio, in Italian Aniene). This mountain river with overgrown greenery forms waterfalls, which are visible in a 5-minute drive from the railway station. And there are many waterfalls here. Today the river is curbed, its channel is changed, the city of the river is quite calm, and the waterfalls that once destroyed the coast and the grotto are now departed outside the city. But even in the 19th century, many Tiburintsev died in the lavetling of the turbulent mountain river in the devastating flood.
View of the railway station from the city through R. Anien.
More than the tivoli attracted famous persons at all times, it becomes clear on the entrance to the city: such picturesque landscapes, clean air and so close to the center of the political life of Italy of all times, there is no longer nearby. These magnificent landscapes open almost everywhere from the city. Probably, best view On Campagna di Roma - from the terrace on the Garibaldi Square (Piazza Garibaldi).
Panoramica. Overview platform on Garibaldi Square (Tivoli).
How to independently get from Rome to Tivoli
Tivoli is a small town that is 24 km north-east of Rome, with a population of about 60 thousand people. The road connecting it with Rome is still called Via Tiburtina. The same name is the second largest Rome station: it is from Roma Tiburtina that most trains are sent to Tivoli.From Rome to Tivoli by train
Electric train, or Treno Regionale, is the most comfortable way to get to Tivoli and back. She goes for about once a hour, most of the flights leave Roma Tiburtina, but the wagons are comfortable, spacious, and the risk is missing in a plug completely. There are several flights a day and from Roma Termini Station, but their number is constantly changing, and on the day of our trip the morning train went too early for us.
Therefore, at first we got to Roma Termini, and from there already on the subway to Roma Tiburtina. Quest We were not very successful: we had only 20 minutes to get from one station to another and find the right platform, and we did not have time. Electrics up to tivoli depart from the most extreme platforms: EST 1 - EST 3, pointers to them are not defined enough, and we are late for our train just 5 minutes. An hour before the next flight we shot at the station coffee shop, but of course, it would be much nicer to spend this hour in some small cafe already in Tivoli.
Train tickets can be bought in Trenitalia vehicles at the station. Pay attention to the number of the train, which is specified in the schedule: Tivoli not for all flights is the end station, part of the trains goes to Pescara, and they are departed from the next platform.
The ticket costs 2.6 euros, but again we used the uniform Birg 4 regional tickets, which give the right to travel within the C, where Nettuno and Tivoli goes.
- Timetable regional trains of regional trains TRENITALIA
- The cost of the train ticket: 2.6 e. Do not forget to check the ticket at the station before boarding the train.
- Travel time: 50-70 minutes
From Rome to Tivoli by bus
Another option to get to Tivoli is a bus. It goes every 20 minutes from the Ponte Mammolo station, which can be reached by metro: Blue branch in the refibbia direction, go to Ponte Mammolo station. Ask for bus tickets in the nearest pizzeria, as well as in newspaper and tobacco kiosks. The road takes from 30 minutes to 1.5 hours depending on the day of the week and the time of day. According to the reviews, you can get to the traffic jam on the downloaded highway Via Tiburtina, and local buses are used by local, so there is a chance to go standing and pushing elbows.
- Check the schedule on the Cotral website
- The ticket must be processed on the bus next to the driver.
What to see in tivoli, except for villas?
September Tivoli met with a heavy fat sky. Arriving at the railway station, we turned left and immediately hit the city. Judging by the map, it was possible to go to the right, reach the bridge a little further, but it is likely to go nearby from Villa Gregorian and the temple of Vesta - probably there must be more inspiring views, but we got to the city only in the area of \u200b\u200b15 hours, and we do not have It was time for experiments.The historic center of the city is typical Italian: old houses, flowers at the door and walls, cobbled close streets. Even non-heavy walls do not spoil the impressions of the "toy" town. Incredibly cozy, quietly, peaceful. Even if you have only half an hour walk.
Tivoli was strongly destroyed during World War II, and now this city carries the imprints of various time. Here, the ancient columns are built into the houses of the Middle Age and Renaissance, and add-ons of the XVIII-XIX centuries are tested above them; There is a perfectly preserved Gothic house, with a dozen catholic churches Different periods and cute toy historical center.
All this is stirred with contemporary art. Directly opposite the exit from the villa D "Este is an ugly bust in a puddle, which was supposed to be a fountain, and in Garibaldi Square in 2007. Arco Dei Padri Costituenti (Arch Fathers Fathers) was built. Its author is the famous Italian sculptor Arnaldo Pomodoro ( Arnaldo Pomodoro), the author of the ball in the Vatican gardens. The massive towers of the castle of Pia Pia II are overlooked, which is more often called Rocca Pia (Rocca Pia).
FROM back side The area offers a panoramic overview at the surrounding area and to the Park of Villa D "Este. See ourselves.
Is the tivoli of a whole day of the trip? Yes, worth it.
There, the emperor - a passionate traveler - overlooked the books, statues, and even the buildings; Villa Gregorian is a sort of jungle in the city center - with waterfalls, grottoes, mysterious paths ... Each of the three villas is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
How to get
Time on the way, the fare and the time of departure please specify
http://www.trenitalia.com/en/index.html
ABOUT railways Italy and travel in Lazio
Railways Italy
The easiest way to get to Tivoli by train from Termini or Tibetin stations, they are enough. Attention! Approximately 3-4 stops up to Tivoli there is a station called "Bani Tivoli", here it turns out no need, your station is just Tivoli. From the station via Via della Pace down, to the river, through the Ponte Della Pace bridge, then on Largo San Giovanni, Viale Trieste - and you are already in the city center, all the way takes from the strength of 5-7 minutes on foot.
The turboure is located across the road from the castle. 10-18, day off - Sunday.
History
The Roman historian Kato Sr. Tag tells that a certain Katull, a resident of Arcadia, and the three of his son founded a plateau near the healing sources of the city, pushing out wild tribes from there, and called him in honor of the eldest son - Tibur (Tibur). Excavations showed that people lived here already in the XIII century. BC. The legend of the foundation is indirectly confirmed by versgil, which in the "Aneida" makes the main characters of the three sons of Katulla.
Since Etruscov, Tibur was the habitat of Tibininskaya Sibyl, the famous prophet. Two temples are preserved over the villa of Gregorian - the temple of Vesta, and the rectangular temple - Sibyli, which was also called Albunea, water nymph. Is there any little beautiful waterfalls from the temple down?
The value of the town has grown during the campaigns of the Romans on Sabinjan and Samnites, who lived on the side of the Apennine, in the region, which is now called Abruzzo - it was through Torbur who was going to fight the Roman troops, here they corrected health after military hikes. An independent tombur first was the military ally of Rome, and in 361 united with Gallam against the former ally. The Romans did not bother, and after a couple of dozen years, the entire territory of Tibura's neighborhood belonged to the Romans. Sources served to the residents of good service: the city was not erased from the face of the Earth, but became a spa resort for rich Romans, who began to build here villages. No doubt, the most famous villa of the Roman period - Villa Emperor Adrian, the villas had here and the patron, and the poet Katull, often mentioned the local places in his verses. In 273, Zenobia lived here, the prisoner of the Queen of the submissive Romans of Palmyra. The city name turned out, most likely, as a result of the transformation of the old name: from Tibur to Tiburi, then it was pronounced as Tiboli, and finally like Tivoli. Tibur was famous for clay products, fruits, olive oil, figs, and his quarries; There was a cult of Hercules. Olive oil, by the way, is still one of the most delicious in Italy - and is not inferior to the Umbrian and Tuscan, which bribes give in Italy.
In 547, during the Byzantine-Gothic War, the city passed from the Byzantines to Goths, then became part of the Byzantine duke. After the capture of Italy, Karl Great Tivoli was under the rule of the graph represented by the emperor. Since the X century Tivoli, an independent commune, managed by the elected Consuls, was the most serious opponent of Rome for the domination in Lazio's impoverished. In 1001, Tivoli captures Emperor Otto III and the city passes under the control of Pope. From XII to XV centuries. Tivoli managed to maintain relative independence, during this period of time were built Arengo Palace, Torre del Comune Tower and St. Michael Church, as well as a new wall line (1155). Here, as in a stormy Tuscany, they were boiled their internecakes, and, as a result, house-towers grew in the city, from which it was so comfortable to water her neighbors boiling. As in Tuscany, the towers were demolished by order from above, but their remnants are still visible on Vicolo Dei Ferri, Via Postera, Via del Seminario and Via Del Colle.
In the XIII century. The Senate of Rome has encouraged the city independence, which imposed on the Tivoli tribute, in the XIV century. Tivoli joined the guelfam and supported Urban VI dad against Clement Antipaps VII. The troops of the Sicilian king of Ladislaus were twice with the walls of Tivoli, and the Braccio Da Montone confident's confidence was not a teeth.
In 1461, Pope II built a massive castle Rocca Pia as a symbol of constancy of papal authorities, in order to control the rusty city better. In 1527, Tivoli plunder the gang of supporters of the emperor and the genus of the column, in 1547 the city captures the Spanish Duke Alba. In 1549, the construction of the villa d "Este for Cardinal Ippolito D" Este, a representative of the powerful kind (the dukes of Ferrara and Modena) begins here.
In 1744, Tivoli occupy Austrian troops, and a little later, the Austrian Habsburgs (Duke of D "Austrian Habsburgs (the Duke of D" Este consisted with them in relationship and the property passed quite legally - by inheritance). That is why one of the last owners of the villa was the infamous erzgertzog Franz Ferdinand, the truth, who preferred to live in his Bohemian Castle Konopiste. In 1835, Pope Gregory XVI orders to restore the MANLIO VOPISCO villa (by the name of the last owner of the Roman Empire), which became not only a certain corner of the nature of nature in the city center, but also gave out the water to the waters of the local river (by piercing the tunnel in Monte Catillo), In order to protect the tivoli from the devastating floods. The villa received the name of the dad and became the Villa Gregorian.
Villas tivoli.
1. Villa Deste Located right in the city, 3-5 minutes walk from the castle via Piazza Garibaldi. She is a prototype of the estate of the village of Le Viscount, with which, in turn, copied Versailles, Petrodvorets, as well as many similar palaces around the world. Built in the XVI century, Cardinal Ippolite Deste on the place of the Benedictine Monastery.
Cardinal actively collected the objects of antiques and art, including the vision of the embezzlement from monasteries and castles, however, after Tivoli passed by the inheritance of Habsburgs, the owner of the estate became ERCGERSOG FRETER Ferdinand (the attempted the reason for the First World War), Carried good to his Bohemian Castle Konopiste. On the way, apparently, good was confused: we did not see any special cultural values \u200b\u200bin a villa in a villa. The entrance to the villa costs 6.5 euros, in the period when exhibitions are held there - 9 euros (even if this exhibition is personally needed personally). Among the stunning fountains, cascades of water, ponds, lush curious bushes and statues, you can easily spend half a day.
2. Villa Adriana Located 6 km from the city, there are buses from the center of Tivoli (1 euro to 1 end per person), where exactly stops will be prompting to the turbuo (from the castle behind the brass tents, 10-18, day off Sunday). Lazio tickets for this bus do not work, this is some kind of local line. The entrance costs 6.5 euros.
The villa is the richest collection of ancient works. The emperor passionately loved art: by combining the whole empire, he commanded to communicate in Rome Treasures and entire buildings from Greece, Egypt and Malaya Asia, in order to admire them in the future. After the death of Emperor, Villa came to run, and from XV to XIX centuries. From here, works of art, deciding private collections and museums. In 1870, Villa became the property of the state, then there were restoration works and stopped robbery.
3. Villa Gregoriana Located on the other end of the city (from the castle of 10-15 minutes on foot), input 4 euros. In stock The grottoes created by the flood streams of 1826, the waterfalls of the Statercaric height, over which a couple of antique temples, the gloomy caves of Neptune and Siren, where the river disappears under the rocks and again appears downstream, and mountain trails - and all this in the city center . Follow the shoes comfortable for such walks and something on the shoulders - even on a hot day, it's cool here, and even Zyabko in grottoes. In bad weather, the villa is closed, because Close on slippery paths fraught.
City
The main value of the town, of course, three villas, however, and he should pay a couple of hours - at least in order to see how the pieces of Roman columns and capitals, and sometimes even whole sarcophages are found in the walls of the houses.
In addition, in the town of a lot interesting places, But first things first. To begin with, I will give the main route of our walk:
Railway Station - Via Della Pace - Ponte Della Pace (special pedestrian walkway from station and bridge) - Largo San Giovanni - Viale Trieste - Piazzale Nazioni Unite - Piazza Garibaldi - Via Boseli - Piazza Trento - Via Della Missionee - Via Del Collegio - Piazza Sabucci - via del Gesu - piazza Plebiscito - via Palatina - piazza Palatina - via di Ponte Gregoriano - piazza Rivarola - via della Sibilla - piazza Tempo di Vesta - Villa Gregoriana - piazza Tempo di Vesta - piazza Cittadella - piazza San Giorgio - via della Sibilla - Piazza Rivarola - Via San Valerio - Piazza Domenico Tani - Via Del Colle - Piazza del Duomo - Via Postera - Dia Del Duomo - Via Dei Selci - Vicolo Dei Ferri - Via Campitelli - Via Del Colle - Piazza San Nicola - Santuario di Ercole Vincitore ( from above) - Via Del Colle - Via Campitelli - Piazza Campitelli - Piazza Dell'annunziata - Via Della Missionee - Piazza Trento - Via Boseli - Piazza Garibaldi - Piazzele Nazioni Unite - Viale Trieste - Largo San Giovanni - Ponte del LA PACE - VIA DELLA PACE
drinking column at the station
bridge Ponte Della Pace
The first thing that will appear to your breath in Tivoli - Majestic fortress Rocca Pia, erected in 1461 by order of Pope II. If you were in Siena, then in the local Duomo you could not pass by the beautiful LiBrraria Piccolomini, the libraries, on the walls of which Pinturikoko on 10 large bright frescoes in all details depicted a career of this daddy, in the world of Siena Citizen Enia Silvio Piccolomini. The castle was built on a hill to intolerate citizens, but the story silent, whether it was useful for these purposes. In 1870, the castle was transferred to prison, and now he does not have a clear function - neither the museum, nor something else. From time to time there are exhibitions.
On the side of the castle are visible excavations of the Roman amphitheater. The ruins were found here in 1948 and to the present, findings are in full swing. It is known that the Arena was used for gladiator fighting and wild animal fighting, it has an internal dimensions of 60x40 m, external - 85x65 m and is surrounded by a 2.20 m wide corridor.
From Piazza Garibaldi Piazza, our way goes on Via Boselli, and we get to Piazza Trento, where the entrance to the villa Dasta is located (if you have not seen it yet, then it's time to proceed to examine) and church of Santa Maria Maggiore.
The temple on the orders of the Pope of Simplicius (Simplicius) on the ruins and from the rocks of the Roman Villa, in the XII century. By order, Barbarossa rebuilt him, making church walls part of urban. In the XV century The side arches were replaced by round windows, and the entrance was decorated with a gothic portal with an elegant carved arch from above attributed to the sculptor Angelo Tivoli. On the right side of the church there is a bell tower, restored in 1590. The altar of the work of the Master of Galvani (Galvani) of the end of the 1500s stores the image of Madonna Grazie (Madonna Delle Grazie), the works of Franciscan Jacopo Torriti (1200).
Further, our path runs along the route Via Della Missione - Via Del Collegio - Piazza Sabucci - Via Del Gesu - Piazza Plebiscito. Nearby is also located Piazza del ComnebeHere, from the Middle Ages, the Town Hall is, in turn, built on the spot and from the material of the ancient urban walls (IV-V centuries. BC). Walking along the streets of Tivoli, you are striking how old townspeople used building materials - some houses consist as if out of pieces of more ancient buildings, starting with ancient times and ending with Renaissance. In the XV century The building of the future Town Hall performed the functions of the church, a pressed image of Sano Di Pietro, depicting Sano Bernardine, was preserved from it inside. In 1587, the building was rebuilt on the funds of Pope Sict V and St. Philip Nery, and it passed to the ownership of the municipality.
Next, we follow the route Via Palatina - Piazza Palatina - Via Di Ponte Gregoriano - Piazza Rivarola, which offers a beautiful view of Ponte Gregoriano., Majestic Bridge, consisting of arches by a scope of 20 meters. They built it 9 years after the catastrophic flood of 1826, so that part of the river water to take and turn into a waterfall. In 1944, the bridge receding German troops blew up, but in a year he was restored. Waterfalls can be admired from the top, from Piazza Rivarola, and from the Castrovetere region (Piazza Delle Mole), without forgetting to look at the eyes and the ruins of two ancient temples - Vesta and Sivilles.
From Piazza Rivarola by Via Della Sibilla we get to Piazza Tempo Di Vesta, where we are the same temples before us - T eMPLI DI VESTA E SIBILLA, as well as entrance to villa Gregoriana. Round Temple Vesti, dated I B BC, is perfectly visible during walks around the villa-reserve, it does not allow us to forget that we are not somewhere far from civilization. The church has been perfectly preserved and represents 18 Corinth columns (preserved 10) and the remains of the marble ceiling. The chief of Syville is rectangular, dates from II century. BC. And built from travertine, its columns are strict, ionic. In the Middle Ages, this temple was used as the Church of St. George. Now the ruins are cleared, and the Church of St. George is located away - on Piazza San Giorgio, 5 minutes walk.
Tell a minute from the valley with waterfalls and temples and pay attention to the Watchtower at the intersection of Via Della Sibilla and Via Delle Mole. This is the only thing that remains from the system of fortifications and bridge Ponte St. Martin, connecting the citadel (it was about the place of the current Piazza Cittadella) with the rest of the city.
Having passed a slight step of a section of the Via Della Sibilla - Piazza Rivarola - Via San Valerio - Piazza Domenico Tani - Via Del Colle - Piazza del Duomo, we go to cathedral Saint Lorenzo, or, simply speaking Duomo (Duomo). Looking at a rather small area, where it is even difficult to find a place from which it is possible to completely remove the facade of the cathedral, it is difficult to imagine that the antique forum was no longer on this square and its surroundings, about such as in ancient Rome. The very first church here built in V c. N.E., who gradually declined - history did not even save her name. In 1635, Cardinal Julius Rimsky ordered to restore the temple, which was fulfilled. To this day, the church has a baroque appearance (all Italian baroque churches with something remind me of Ile-Jesu in Rome) and a portico with three arches-vaults. On the left side of the entrance rushes Romanesque Bell Tower. Inside the cathedral, one non-sideline chapels, in one of them wooden withdrawal from the cross XIII century. Rare beauty and expressiveness. In addition, there is a triptych, depicting the Savior (XII century), the work of the Monk-Benedictine Farfa (Farfa).
Next door to the cathedral is the so-called. MENSA PONDERARIA, part of the Roman Forum, alas, in our arrival is reliably covered with cellophan. If you get there when the wrapper is removed, you will see samples of measures and scales used for trading in Roman times, as well as a small chapel used for imperial religion.
Through Via Dei Selci, we fell on the Vicolo Dei Ferri, completely built up with old buildings and with the Church of San Stefano (XI-XII) - from 1872. Here is a residential building and theater. On the facade of the church, two columns of an ancient portication with carved eaves are easily distinguished. From here we go down to Via Campitelli, which leads us to Via Del Colle, we follow the Piazza San Nicola's Piazza San, where you admire the Santuario Di Ercole Vincitore sanctuary and come back to Via Del Colle to see Chiesa di San Sivestro.
Romanesque church of the XII century. Initially, there were three neopa with a double side of the columns from the green marble, which were subsequently sold to some rich senor for 265 WORDOR. Now in the church, a single space, which is why the temple, in my opinion, only wins. The main thing is for which it is worth it to perturb - amazingly frescoes in apse, illustrating the legend of the Emperor Konstantin and the Sylovestre. The list of weddings, hanging on the right of the entrance - people have been painted over the years ahead of day, who is crowned. In addition, we arrived at the church immediately after the wedding, and the benches along the passage were still decorated with bouquets of lilies ...
All the same multi-level Via Campitelli leads us to the perfectly preserved gothic residential buildings, dated XIV century, so-called. Casa Gotica. A pair of buildings are located along the way from the Church of St. Sylvester, one more, with a beautiful external staircase, hides in the courtyards, but declassified by the pointer. However, the local residents for all this beauty do not care - but they perceive it quite calm, and yes, we live here, the house of the XIV century., Nothing special
On Piazza Campitelli the next church is waiting for us - Chiesa di San Pietro Alla Carita. It was built on the site of ancient basilica in the XII century. in Romanesque style. On the right side of the Church there is a square Romanesque Bell Tower. Inside the church - three nefs with a double column of green marble, the main pass is laid out from color marble. During the war, the church was bombed, in 1950 she was restored, removing the baroque phintiflushki, which the church acquired in the XVI-XVIII centuries.
From here through Piazza Dell'annunziata - Via Della Missione - Piazza Trento - Via Boseli - and here we leave Piazza Garibaldi. If your plans also include visiting the Villa Adrian, then the buses go there from here. I will refrain from judgments about whether all three villas and the city are really looking for 1 day, and it is right, but I know the people who have made such a walk. In any case, than sacrificing and what to leave "for later" is to solve you, and only you. If the inspection of the city is completed, it is worth passing down from the square, by Via Nazionale Tiburtina, where on the left side there is a pleasant Palazzo Del Collegio Dei Nobili (1729), where the local court is now sitting
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