Park on the territory of the Kremlin. Natural Landscaping Park "Charger

13.11.2019

I continue my travel notes.
Warm, summer evening on August 10.
Our ship "Pavel Bazhov" goes through the channel name of Moscow.
The Canal named after Moscow connects the Moscow River with the Volga. Channel length 128 km. The width over the surface is 85 m, along the bottom - 45 m, the depth - 5.5 m. Gives Moscow more than 60% of all the consumed drinking and industrial water.

Our motor ship, in the Moscow channel number 2, along with another motor ship. The hydraulus is the first stage of the channel lifting. It consists of a single-chamber gateway and pumping station. In the gateway chamber, our boats rise to 6 meters.

On the towers of the gateway number 2, sculptural groups depicting channel builders are installed.

On the morning of August 11, at 9 o'clock. Our ship moored in the northern River Station of Moscow, and I went to walk on the first-hearth.

The northern river station building is a sample of the architectural direction "Stalin Ampire" and the monument of architecture of regional importance. Currently, the building is closed on the restoration.

Around the northern river station is a large, well-kept park.

At the entrance to the park at the beginning of the Alley leading to river station Installed sculpture "Waterway". The figure of the girl is easily stepping towards a park visitor. Over his head she holds a model of a sailboat.
Red Square.
At the subway, I reached the station Okhotny row and through the Resurrection Gate, which are located between the historical museum and the building of the former Moscow City Duma went to the Red Square.

The Resurrection Gate has the chapel of the Iversky icon of the Mother of God. It appeared in the 17th century, originally as a canopy to protect the icon from bad weather, his modern appearance found in the 18th century. I went to the chapel, but it is impossible to photograph there.

Zero kilometer. The place from where the counting of the distance begins, is marked on a browning bronze sign indicating the parties of the world.

At the entrance to the area on the left side there is a Kazan Cathedral, built in the 17th century in gratitude to the deliverance of Russia from the Polish-Lithuanian invaders in 1612 and in memory of the dead.

In the heart of the capital, on Red Square, rises similar to the Old Russian Term of the Historical Museum building.
From the side of the Manezh Square in front of the museum in 1995, a monument to Marshal Zhukov Riding on horseback, Topchiki's hooves of the Nazi Germans.

At the Red Square, some kind of event is being prepared and it is completely overporn.

The building of the legendary humium or upper trading rows stretches along Red Square. This is a monument of the architecture of the federal value, built in the pseudo-building style.

In times Soviet Union It was sold here the most delicious ice cream. Now it seemed to me that ice cream was not so tasty, it was the same as everywhere.

The main tower of the Kremlin - Spasskaya. It is crowned by a four-meter ruby \u200b\u200bstar, and the battle of chimes located on the tower marks the new year's offensive. Of the 20 towers of the Kremlin on the Red Square over only 4.

Temple of the Intercession of the Most Holy Theotokos (Cathedral of Basil Blessed). It was built by decree of Ivan the Terrible in the 16th century in honor of the victory over Kazan Khanate. This is one of the most significant monuments of the ancient Russian architecture. The cathedral is decorated with a unique painting.

Cathedral of Basil Blessed by Vasilyevsky descent.

Theater Square, Big Theater.
Alexander Garden.
Alexandrovsky Garden is located along the Western Kremlin Wall, stretches from the area of \u200b\u200brevolution to the Kremlin Embankment. It was founded in 1812. Park with an area of \u200b\u200b10 hectares consists of three parts: upper, middle and lower gardens.
From the ancient buildings in the Alexander Garden, the Ruins grotto was preserved on the project of the architect Osip Bowe - a monument to the Patriotic War of 1812, as a symbol of victory and restoration of Moscow.

Inside a semicircular arch installed marble colonnade. For the design of the grotto, the architect used the stone nuclei, remaining since the times of Peter I, as well as the debris destroyed by the French buildings of the city.
Before the grotto is installed Obelisk in honor of the 300th anniversary of the board of the Romanov House. The royal monument crosses a double-headed eagle. The monument is visible to the coat of arms and the names of the members of the Tsarist family, as well as the coat of arms of the provinces and the principalities that are part of the Russian Empire.

Not far from the obelisk there is a sculptural image of a prominent church actor - Patriarch of Hermogen, who played a big role in the preservation of the country's unity at the beginning of the XVII century.
Eternal flame on the grave of an unknown soldier

The grave of the unknown soldier appeared in the park, when the whole country celebrated the 25th anniversary of the victory. In the northern part of the garden, the remains of an unknown warrior who fell in bloody battles for Moscow was reburied. The ashes of the hero was taken from the grave at the 41 km of the Leningrad Highway - where the city of Zelenograd is now located.
A tombstone was made above the memorial, and a bronze banner with a soldier's cater and laurel branch was placed on it. In the center of the polished slab from Labradorite installed a five-pointed star. Here the flame of the eternal flame is burning around the clock.
The national memorial is protected by soldiers serving the service in the presidential shelf. The guard at the monument replaces once a hour.
Video: Change of honorary guard for the eternal fire on the grave of an unknown soldier at the Kremlin Wall.
Fountains in the Alexandrovsky Garden.
The fountain complex in the Alexander Garden is located on the edge of the garden along the Manezh Square.
Fountain "Geyser". The central place of the fountain is occupied by a sculptural composition of the four horses of personifying seasons.

Fountain "Canopus". The jet of water add up in the semblance of a canopy over the path, on which people pass.
Fountain "River Neglinnaya".

Such a name fountain received due to the fact that it represents part of the River River Neglinnaya. In addition to the sculptures of the heroes of Russian fairy tales, the fountain is equipped with pedestrian bridges, decorative railings and steps that create a cascade of water flow.
Fountain "Watch World" on Manege Square.
The design of the dome-shaped form, at the top of which proudly seats the riding on the horse of Georgy Victorious.

This is not just a fountain, namely the real clock, however, with a peculiar dial.
The fountain is equipped with a special glass dome with the image of a northern hemisphere map. It is divided into 24 parts, each of which corresponds to one of the time zones indicating cities - the capitals of states. Each sector is equipped with 12 light bulbs, which bezed, add to the present time for 5 minutes.

Fountain never stops his movement. Due to the calculations, exactly a day, the composition performs a complete turn around its own axis.

Manege square.
Continued my travel in Moscow I will write in the next record.

Excursion: Excursion in Red Square and Alexander Garden.

Tour Desk "Lauda" invites everyone to meet the most significant and legendary place Our capital! A fascinating tour of Red Square will allow you to carefully consider the local attractions and learn a lot about them. This place keeps many secrets, it has witnessed great achievements. Do not miss your chance to move at another time and enjoy a pedestrian walk along the main square of the country, accompanied by a professional guide.

What will have to look at the excursions?

Red Square - special placewhich stores traces of different eras. Each monument, monument, the structure has its unusual history, which reflects the life of not only the whole city, but also the whole country. We start our excursions from visiting the Alexander Garden, so the entrance to the square will be held through the beautiful Resurrection Gate.

As part of the Walk, you will see:

* The Kremlin is the heart of the capital and the biggest fortress in Europe. You can look at its majestic walls, towers, the temple of Vasily bliss and visit the Kazan Cathedral.

* The grave of an unknown soldier is one more signal place In the city, famous for his eternal flame and honor guard.

* Monument to Patriarch Hermogen - a magnificent bronze sculpture, erected in honor of a person who has done a lot for the spiritual prosperity of Russia.

* Mausoleum and Necropolis - These attractions are associated with the life of famous political individuals, and on excursions you can learn about them a lot of amazing information.

It is better to look once!

You can talk about Red Square very much, but only a visual acquaintance with it will allow you to enjoy the real greatness of this place. Tour Bureau "Lauda" - optimal option For any Moscow guest who wants to slowly walk along the main square and listen to a professional guide. Every year we are familiar with thousands of tourists with our capital.

Contact phone numbers:

7-495-998-34-16

7-495-773-50-71

Laud LLC collection clause

Gathering tourist groups It is located at the address of the resurrection gate (15 meters from the zero tourist kilometer), at the entrance to the Red Square.

Nearest metro stations:

Revolution Square and theatrical (outlet number 10)

Okhotny Ryad. (Output number 7)

On the perrons of these stations we find the scoreboard:

Exit №10 "Exit to the city on the Square of the Revolution, the Manege Square, to the State Historical Museum, to the Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812."

We climb the escalator and go outside.

Turn to the left and move along the red building "Museum of the Patriotic War of 1812".

We go to the zero tourist kilometer.

15 meters from the "zero tourist kilometer", you are waiting for employees in a company-based orange form.

The opening of the Park of the charge in Moscow took place on the city day - September 9, 2017, the entrance was only by invitation tickets. From September 11, the park works daily, anyone can visit him - the entrance is free.

The park area is located next to the Moscow Kremlin in the historic district of the same name (name - at the place: behind the lower trading series), where until 2006 was the famous hotel "Russia".

The construction of the Park charge was conducted since 2014. Creators: Architectical Bureau Diller Scofidio + Renfro and Hargreaves Associates Landscape Workshop (Both companies from New York), Urbanist Citymakers from Moscow.

Cost of construction charge - 14 billion rubles.

New Attractions: Concert Hall and Amphitheater, Ice Cave, Media Center, Soaring Bridge, Underground Museum, Hotel Square 65 thousand square meters. m, restaurant, cafe. Not all new objects are available, construction is still being conducted.

Historical facilities are preserved on the territory: these are the chambers of the Romanov, the old English courtyard, the Chinese wall, the complex of profitable houses Z.M. Persian and nine temples of the monuments of federal significance, including the Church of the conception of Anna - one of the oldest metropolitan temples.

Entrance to the Park Charier

You can go to the park from all the streets around the park. On ordinary days (outside of events) there is no restrictions on the entrance.

Basic inputs:

From Vasilyevsky descent (to Dome);
From the street barbart (opposite the living room);
From the Kruglog Travel (from two sides to the concert hall);
With Moskvoretsky embankment (two entrances next to the underground museum).

Landscape and plants

The park was created on the principle of "natural urbanism", divided on an artificial basis (over underground charges of charge).

Features Park Charger in numbers:

Park Square Charger - 10.2 hectares, the total area of \u200b\u200ball objects on the territory is about 78 thousand square meters. m;
Height difference - 27 meters;
More than 1 million plants landed: 760 trees, 7,000 shrubs, 27,700 square meters. M perennial herbs - more than 8,000 separate plants;
Created 7. natural zones With Typical Flora: Northern Landscapes, Coniferous Forest, Coastal Forest, Steppe, Birch Grove, Meadow, Mixed Forest.

Dome

The dome information pavilion is located at the entrance to the park. This is a kind of "repository" of QR codes in which they are hidden detailed guidebook in the park interesting historical facts About charge and other information.

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Soaring bridge in charge

The air V-shaped design "Parenting Bridge" is the top level of the park of the embankment, it is designed for a load of up to 240 tons - about 3000-4000 people at the same time.

The length of serving over the shore and the Moscow-river part is 70 meters, and there is no support under it, which served as the main for the "Farer Bridge" metaphor.

Full length of the bridge - 249.89 meters.

The carrying design is concrete, decorative elements are mainly made of metal, and the walking part has wooden flooring and high transparent fences.

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Concert Hall in charge

Innovative philharmonic concert hall with an amphitheater - the most ambitious new object in the park.

Covered Big hall Designed for 1500 spectators, a small room - 400 places.

Big Amphitheater.

Open amphitheater for 4000 seats. Located on the roof of the concert hall, under the "glass bark". Connected with the concert hall of underground transitions. Outside events - a public holiday destination with a panoramic view of the Kremlin and the Stalinist highness on the boiler's embankment.

"Glass Bark"

The main feature of the complex is a unique glass construction with solar panels covering the hill of the concert hall and the amphitheater. Does not have external walls and round year Supports a special microclimate: in the summer - freshness, in winter - warm. Under the "bark" is also a garden with subtropical plants.

Planned opening - spring 2018.

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Underground Museum

Interactive archaeological Museum Located in the underground space, adjacent to Moskvoretsky embankment.

Museum Exposition: Main Pride - Preserved Fragment of the White of the White of the XVI century, archaeological finds (Artifacts from the excavations of the old Moscow are household items, coins, etc.), the figure of a local food, sensory monitors with tactile exhibits (exposure for visually impaired), interactive monitors for children (Games on the charge history).

Cost:

Full - 200 rubles;
Students - Students of Non-Philable Universities - 100 rubles;
A preferential ticket (pensioners, many children, bearers, Moskvich's copyrights) - 100 rubles.

Free entry:

Up to 18 years old - free of charge;
Students-glasses of specialized universities;
Veterans of the Second World War, Disabled I, II Groups, Disabled Children;
On Tuesday and Thursday from 10:00 to 11:00 - all preferential categories.

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Media Center

This is the first pavilion in the park from the Red Square. The media center employs a tourist information center, an exhibition hall, interactive kiosks "Moscow is now" and two media complex - "Flight" and "Time Machine", which are more below, as well as an Entry cafe and shops.

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Multimedia attraction "Time Machine"

Video boards 360 ° on a screen of 5 meters high, a film about the history of Moscow.

The film involves: 300 actors, 500 historical costumes, 300 subjects of props.

Mode of operation:

PN: 15: 00-19: 00, W-Fri: 11:00 to 19:00, Sat-Sun: 11: 00-19: 20.

Schedule of sessions: on weekdays every hour, on weekends - every 40 minutes.

Prices:

Adults - 790 rubles;
Children are 12-14 years old - 150 rubles;
Preferential cat. - 480 rubles.

Free - Veterans of the Second World War, Disabled I and II c., Disabled children.

Mediacomplex "Flight"

4D cinema with a hemispheric screen 13 meters high. The film-attraction "Flight over Moscow" - imitation of the flight above the main attractions of Moscow and the Crimean Bridge.

Mode of operation:

Mon: 14: 30-19: 30, V.-PT: 11: 00-19: 30, Sat-Sun: 10: 40-19: 40.

On weekdays "Flying over Moscow" in the schedule every 30-60 minutes, on weekends - every 15-20 minutes.

Prices:

Adults - 790 rubles;
Children are 14-18 years old and students - 400 rubles;
Children are 6-14 years old (up to 120 cm increases) - 150 rubles;
Preferential ticket - 640 rubles.

Free - Veterans of the Second World War, Disabled I, II Groups, Disabled Children.

Ice cave

New attraction in charge - high-tech zone of minus temperatures with art installation and interactive Programdevoted to Extreme North - His flora and fauna, the lives of indigenous peoples.

Air temperature in a cave: -5 ° C.

The complex works daily from 10:30 to 20:30.

Prices for visitors:

From 18 years old - 200 rubles;
From 7 to 18 years old - 100 rubles;
Up to 7 years - free of charge;
Preferential category - 20% discount.

Reserve Embassy

Scientific and educational center with flurarium and greenhouse tropical plants, a platform with real laboratories, where conferences, seminars and lectures are also held, master classes. Topics: biotechnology and microbiology, genetics, geography, ecology. The Botanist cafe is also working in the Preserve Embassy building.

Schedule of excursions to Florarium:

W - Fri: 11:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 19:00;
Sat - Sun: 11:00, 12:00; from 14:00 to 19:00 every hour;
Mon - San. day.

The duration of each excursion is half an hour.

Florarium tickets:

Adults - 190/250 rubles;
Children - 152/200 rubles.

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Restaurant "Sunrise"

It is located between the "Pochenated Forest" area and the Gastroenterstr, opened at the end of November 2017.

Restaurant Concept: Menu national Kitchens Former Union Republics, space topics in the interior (in the style of the 60s), panoramic view of the river.

Metro to Park Charger

The closest to the park is charged station Metro - "China City", exits 13 and 14, lines - Kaluga-Riga (Orange), Tagansko-Krasnopresnenskaya (purple).

Not far on foot (less than a kilometer) and from other central stations: from the "Revolution Square" (Arbatsko-Pokrovskaya line - blue), from " Okhotny row"And" Lubyanki "(Sokolnicheskaya Line - Red)," Theatrical "(Zamoskvoretskaya Line - Green).

Metro - optimal transport to the park from any of the Moscow railway stations.

Ground transport before charge

Buses to Park: No. 158, M5 (Metro Stops "China-City", "Red Square"), No. 255 (stop "Kitgorodsky passage").

How to drive by car

You can get to the new park in Moscow by car, but you need to take into account the situation on the roads: during plugs faster and more convenient (even in flavant) still on the subway.

For comfortable movement to the park, you can use taxi applications (Uber, Gett, Yandex. Taxi, Maxim) or Crashing (Delimobil, Anytime, Belkacar, Lifcar).

Parking in charge

Parking in charge is designed for 430 cars. For low-friendly citizens, 33 places are provided.

Parking is paid and works around the clock.

Prices:

Weekdays - 250 rubles / hour;
Weekends - 250 rubles / hour.

For free - for veterans of the Second World War, Disabled I and II c., Parents and legal representatives of children with disabilities.

Natural Landscaping Park "Charity": video

From today a tourist route According to the Moscow Kremlin, a new attraction was replenished. At the site of the demolished 14 corps appeared the park. A common panorama looks different - now you can see the Spasskaya Tower in all our glory, the Senate Palace and the bell tower of Ivan the Great, see which completely prevented the dismantled building completely.

Such the Kremlin has not yet seen. Habitual pedestrian route Now it will take a little longer. And it's not about distances. In the park, broken in place 14 of the building, will certainly want to stop. From here you can take a fresh look at the Senate Palace, and the cathedrals. The viewing angle was wider, the panorama is larger. And this landscape can be admired for a long time.

And truth, did it be necessary to look at the Spasskaya Tower from this angle? Or another perspective of cathedrals. Even more visible at a distance: if you go closer to the wall, the Kremlin Palace and the Kremlin Square will fall into the frame. And the southern side of the building of the Senate 14 Corps and closed at all.

"It's good that the Kremlin is visible, and modern Moscow is even visible from here, there is sit there, I look. I like it very much, "says one of the walking.

In pursuit of new card species, those who are about what they are, and did not suspect were sent. Removed relatives, posed themselves. Opening the Kremlin, got acquainted with the country. And recognized: the fact that the park will also be inside, did not expect. "Great, I thought only buildings here, the place is official, and here is so green!" - The tourist is surprised.

Now they are doing all the ways. Straight with Ivanovo Square or from the Grand Kremlin Square - on sandy paths that are laid around there, where they were almost seven centuries ago. And in the place of the Bolsheviks of the monasteries and the small Nikolaev palace, flower beds are broken. Fluffy Tui repeat the outlines of the ancient foundations, connecting in the center in the semicircular in the dome. Soon they will become brighter.

"Inside this contour, the foundations of future flower beds will be planted begonias of annual and roses," explains the head of the department of garden-park content of the Kremlin Anna Denisova.

What was the originally panorama of the Kremlin, you can judge the frames of the chronicles. The video conspianship of how Voznesensky and the miracles of the monasteries are preserved, together with the beloved Palace of Nicholas I were destroyed. All that remained from them, ruthlessly concreted. It was in 1929. Almost immediately at the released place, an uncommitable building was erected - 14 The Kremlin Corps, where he placed military school, later held meetings of the USSR Supreme Soviet, and until recently, part of the presidential administration was located in the building. Reconstruction began in 2001, but in the end they decided the Soviet Novodel, which among UNESCO facilities did not mean, to demolish. The work was jewelry. 14 The housing of half a year disassembled literally on bricks.

"We cut it off, you know, really as a mosaic, no explosive work was carried out, no heavy equipment that could harm ecology and add extra noise that was not needed here," Elena Krylova, a press secretary of the Office of the President of the Russian Federation, says.

Then archaeologists began to work. In addition to the foundations of the ancient monasteries, antiquity objects were found - ceramic products, rings, bracelets. All of them are now on the restoration and after the Kremlin Museums found. Archaeologists excavation are expected to continue. And small glass designs in the new park are just descents down, for tourists, of course, closed.

In antiquity, in this place, near the northern wall of the Kremlin, the River River was leaked. She faithfully served the city, her forges, mills, baths, dams were stood on the shores, the dams turned her in this place in the cascade of ponds. Winter here rode ice mountains. But gradually the Nechlinka was discharged, and then at the beginning of the XIX. Her, one of the first, was taken into the pipe, so Muscovites almost forgot about it. However, in the eighties, the king of Moscow reporters Vladimir Alekseevich Gilyarovsky descended there, who devoted to the underground journey of the "Secrets of Neglinki", who made a lot of noise. After that, the underground channel was cleaned. Today a piece of this famous pipe can be seen from a large stone bridge. The crushed by the grid of the pipe is accurately indicates the mouth of the rough, the place of its flow into full-flowered Moscow river.

We are talking today to the Alexander Garden, and once said gardens, in a plural. However, now, moving along the main axis of the Alexandrovsky Garden, we clearly feel that it consists of three parts: the upper garden (350 long) from the angular arsenal tower to the Trinity Bridge, the average - from Troitsky to Borovitskaya Tower (its length is 382m) and the lower, the shortest (132m). The first opened for the walking upper garden, then medium, and last, in 1823. - Nizhny. Today, the lower garden is closed for visitors, since there are no pleasure alley in it, but the gardeners care for him are no less carefully, because it is one of the few green oasis in the very center of Moscow impregnated by the gasoline smoke. Three alarms were laid along the walls of the Kremlin and Manezhnaya Square, the well-kept lawns, planting trees and shrubs, flower flower beds are laid between them.

But Alexandrovsky Garden is not just a place for festivities. This is one of the most famous Memorial parks of Moscow, designed to remind about a number of the most important events of domestic history.

Alexander Garden was arranged in the will of the Russian emperor Alexandrai "Blessed", whose name after 1814. In many respects, associated with the deliverance of Europe from Napoleon. The emperor made a disposal about the gardens along the North Wall of the Kremlin in Moscow in Moscow in 1820, when everything else in the city lived in one desire to revive the first-mounted after Napoleon fire and destruction. Architect Osip Ivanovich Bowe, began to design the garden, Ivanovich Bowe forever became famous in the environment of grateful Muscovites as one of the main designers of the new, afterwarding Moscow. He headed the so-called "facadic part" of the Commission for the structure of Moscow, specially created for the revival of the city and in twenty years of the given city and the new appearance of Red Square, and theatrical area, and Boulevard Ring and much more. Therefore, it is deeply symbolic that the garden created in the very heart of the Kremlin's walls received a memorial value - in memory of the victory over Napoleon and as a sign of the revival of Moscow. And he received the name of the emperor who entered the Paris on the White Kone at the head of the 80-thousandths of allied troops in the victorious March 1814 - Alexandrovsky Garden. It is noteworthy that even the Soviet power that has been in 1920? To erase from the Russian toponymics, everything related to the names of the kings did not eat on the name of the Alexandrovsky Garden - he always remained so.

For three years of work, from 1820 to 1823. The territory of almost 10 hectares was mastered. In addition to the title, the Garden Memorial Significance Reminds the huge cast-iron gates on small wheels, which open up the main entrance to the garden - from the Kremlin passage and the historical museum. The gate, filled with the symbolism of the military triumph, is now looking at the monument to the 50th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War. The monument to the beloved folk hero Marshal G.K. Zhukov (the work of the sculptor V.Klikova). In itself it looks symbolic, especially since this is not the first place in Moscow, in which monuments together Domestic wars, first and great.

In the direction of the Manezh Square, the fence of the garden continues a forged lattice, made according to the drawing of an outstanding architectural ampury Moscow F.M. Shestakova. An even more famous monument of victory over Napoleon and at the same time a monument to the revival of Moscow after a great ruin and a fire of 1812 was placed on the main square of the Alexandrovsky garden Grotto "Ruins". However, today there are already guys leading here a group of tourists to remind that the grotto is not only a park decoration - he is a reminder ... By itself, the tradition of the arrangement of decorative caves-grotto (from the Italian word "Grotto" really also showed itself in landscape architecture, here The case is special. Close to the wings of the grotto, they are lined with wreckage of Moscow buildings destroyed by the Napoleonic army. Despite the work of the time that attached these stones is a rather "archaeological" species, pieces of trunks and the capitals of the columns and even decorated their plant ornaments are easily removed. So, a monument to the work of Muscovites will appear before us who revived their first-heart capital of the previous and personal creative diligence of the wonderful architect Osipa Ivanovich Bow.

This, central, part of the top garden at all times attracted many walking, and in the grotto "Ruins" once played the orchestra - an integral element of urban gardens of former Russia. For an ampir style, which will penetrate the appear in the Alexander Garden, as the most afternoon Moscow, is characterized not only the passion for military emblems, which we meet on the facade of the grotto, and on the cast-iron gate. Ampire refers us to the era of antiquity, and this is explained by the forms strange fabrication, Usually painted with green paint, near the medium alley of the upper garden, not far from the Trinity Bridge. Before us, the ventilating sweat running under the Earth River Neglinnaya, stylized in the forms of an ancient altar! This was so connected to the utilitarian and decorative in the era of classical architecture. The architects consistently took care that everything joined the eye in the park.

But not only the monument to Marshal Zhukow at the entrance to the Alexandrovsky Garden reminds here about the last big war. In December 1966, when the country celebrated the twenty-feast of the defeat of the German fascist troops to Moscow, one of the main military memorials of the city was arranged here - the grave of an unknown soldier. He is conceived as a monument to all fallen soldiers, first of all, whose names remained unspecified. The remains of one of such fighters lying in a mass grave at the 41st kilometer of the Leningrad Highway, where the hardest battles were once challenged to the Kremlin wall and buried. The burial place notes the granite tombstone with the sculptural image of the laurel branch, helmets and banners, in the center of the red star located on top of the tombstone burning the eternal flame. I wonder what he was lit by the torch delivered from Leningrad, from the famous military memorial complex "Marso Field." It happened on May 8, 1967, when the memorial was solemnly open. Bronze inscription on the tombstone conveys the idea of \u200b\u200bthe composition: "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal." A little further, ten granite blocks were lined up along a specially connected alley, which was placed by the land delivered from the city-heroes. Their names are applied to the surface of the blocks: Leningrad, Kiev, Volgograd, Odessa, Sevastopol, Minsk, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Hero Fortress Brest.

It happens especially crowded on the day of victory, but at another time, students, graduates of military schools, veterans, official delegations come here. Place flowers. Behind the gates of the Alexandrovsky Garden on weekends, you can see the cortices of wedding cars. After all, the grave of an unknown soldier is one of the places that love to attend Muscovites newlyweds on the day of marriage. The trait is characteristic of the country, which had to fight so much and lose so much. In 1997 Special presidential decree was precisely here from Mausoleum V.I. Lenin so-called post number 1, the main soldier's post in the Russian army.

The memorial meaning of the Alexandrovsky Garden is not exhausted by the military theme. The place it turned out to be attractive and for those who wanted to perpetuate other events of Russian history. In the very center of the top garden, the site near the grotto is a unique monument, as if all the metamorphosis of the Russian political history XX century. More precisely will say - two monuments, will historical events Sold in one monument. We mean the tall gray tetrahedral-obelisk with a pointed riding, which appeared in the Alexandrovsky Garden in 1914. His story is as follows.

The 300-year-old anniversary of the reign of the house of Romanovs and the Russians were preparing to meet him with special solemnity. A special role in celebrations was given to Kostroma and Moscow, cities directly related to the joint of Mikhail Romanova in 1613. On January 17, 1911, at a meeting of the Commission on the benefits and needs of the Public in the Moscow City Governance, the issue of the construction in connection with the anniversary of the commemorative obelisk on the sample in the Trinity-Sergius Lavra was raised. Next year, the project competition was held. As a result of the debate, the Commission eventually stopped his choice for a second-e-competitive project of the architect S.A.vezveva. (The project-winner of the competition was too expensive). The cost of obelisk was excreted without a small 50 thousand rubles, the amount for those times is considerable. At first, they wanted to attend the opening of the monument for the anniversary date on February 21, 1913, the day when Mikhail Romanov was elected at the cathedral, then to the arrival of the imperial couple to Moscow at the end of May 1913, but, in the end, the king in May only got acquainted with the project, Being in the city Duma and approved it. The solemn laying took place only in April 18 of the following, 1914, and on July 10, the monument was opened. The official name was: Romanovsky obelisk in memory of the 300th anniversary of the reign of the house of Romanovs.

Obelisk was made of the gray Finnish granite and was crowned with a double-headed eagle, below which the coat of arms of Romanovs was located with a shield and a sword. The names of the romanians and coat of arms of the provinces and regions were listed Russian Empire, as well as the coat of arms of the Great Principles. It was originally stood at the entrance to the upper garden.

But soon one for the other February, and then the October Revolution was killed. In Russia, they began to demolish monuments "kings and their servants", as it was then called. Romanovsky Obelisk decided, at the proposal of V.I. Lenin, leave, but transform its content up to the opposite. And here in 1918. The monarchical monument became revolutionary: the names of the revolutionary thinkers of all times and peoples were cut out at the site of the names of Romanovs, and the remaining attributes of the former authorities were eliminated. Footprints from the lined coats of arms are clearly visible on the surface of the current obelisk. In 1966, the monument was moved to the center of the Upper Garden, to the Grota "Ruins", where now.

And one more event is related to the Alexandrovsky Garden. In 1872 The famous polytechnic exhibition was arranged here, on which all the main achievements of technology, transport, construction of those times were shown. It is from her that the Polytechnic Museum is being held in our city. The opening of the exhibition was dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the patron saint of the sciences of Emperor Petrai.

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The current Red Square originated at the end of the 15th century, or rather in 1493, when a bargain was made outside of the crowded Kremlin and when Ivan III decree was prescribed to carry wooden buildings around the Kremlin. Then the eastern Kremlin wall and the area for small trade was organized. At that time, she was called Trinity by the name of the Church of the Holy Trinity, who stood over Moscow by the River at the site of the Pokrovsky Cathedral (the Temple of Basil Blessed).
Despite the constantly extinguished royal decrees, prohibiting the construction of the square, on it constantly arose at home and large shops, which very often burned out. Therefore, the area also received the name "Fire". However, at this time in Moscow there was another Red Square. Moscow scientists based on
archival documents proved that the original Red Square was inside the Kremlin where there is now Cathedral Square. There was also a frontickable place there. Red Palace's red porch, recently restored by Kremlin restorers and architects. In ancient Russian and in modern South Slavic languages, the word "red" means - something good, important, parade. "Red angle" in the hut (angle with icons), "Red porch" front entrance to the building. As opposite, the following examples can be given: "black move", "black staircase". Most likely the interpretation of the name is red, like a beautiful, not quite true, because for this there was the word "lumsy". Red Color Inserted the name of Chervoy.
Only after the construction of the Pokrovsky Cathedral (Vasily of the Blessed) and demolition of dilapidated fire-hazardous buildings along the Kremlin wall, the name has passed to the current Red Square. Red was also a palace garden on the embankment, adjacent to the Red Square. However, due to the constant presence of a large lively bargaining on the square, she had another name "trading". Only in the XIX century, according to P.V. Sitin, the name Red was officially enshrined behind the square as the only one. From his very appearance, the area was the center of public life. In addition to the bargaining, Muscovites came to learn the latest news, the royal decrees were announced here, the boyars were collected. The same area was the place of mass reprisals. It should also be noted that the Red Square is not only in Moscow, but also in some others old cities Russia, for example, in Suzdal, Pereyaslavl - Zalessky, Yelets.