Natural zones of Croatia and their features. Natural zones, vegetation and animal world

A small country of Croatia is considered one of the most beautiful countries Europe. Thanks to the unique location of the country, its nature is extremely diverse: there is a sea coast, and plains, and mountains. Almost 10% of the country's territory is occupied by the protected natural territories. And if you are looking for a place where you can spend an unforgettable vacation on the Lona magnificent and very friendly to man of nature, then Croatia is just what you need.

1. Krka National Park

Krka National Park is a real pearl of Natural Treasury of Croatia. On his huge territory (more than 100 sq. Km) collected amazing variety Plant and animal world. There are more than 800 species of plants in the park, which anywhere else in the world can not meet.

The park is located in the Valley of the Krki River, and there are seven beautiful waterfalls on its territory. The largest of them - the Scragian beech - has a height of as much as 46 meters. In close proximity to famous Waterfall There is an ethnographic museum, where among other exhibits can be viewed for amazing water mills.

Another extraordinary tourist attraction is the tiny island of Visovez, where the Franciscan monastery is founded in the XIV century.

2. Limsky Canal

An incredibly beautiful Limsky channel is called Limsky Fjord. It is a narrow bay, far-finding inclusive sushi. The canal comes from almost the center of the Istria Peninsula, and its length is almost 10 km. Stater Mountains that come out on both sides of the Lim Channel, give all the landscape a special painting. Nature in this fabulous place It is especially strictly protected: it is forbidden to move on any technique with a gasoline engine, it is impossible to catch fish and dive with the aqualung. IN Lim Channel There are several marine farms, where the separation of oysters and mussels, as well as several species of fish. Right on the shore of the bay are also restaurants, where all these freshest and pure delicacies can try.

3. Valley of the River Neretv

Nerretva is one of the largest and picturesque rivers of Croatia (though, there are only 22 km of its length on Croatia, the remaining 208 km lie on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina). In addition, it is also one of the purest rivers of Europe - its water (especially in the upper course) still you can drink without any concerns, and the land in its valley is characterized by special fertility. At the origins of nonrevy water differs not only by special purity, but also a particularly low temperature, which even in the height of the summer heat does not exceed 7-8 degrees.

The most successful time to visit the nonrevy is the summer months, when nature is particularly beautiful here. The most popular entertainment for tourists here are pedestrian and bicycle rides, Picnics and a variety of water sports.

4. Isle of Mute

Width of this is surprising beautiful island It is only 3 km away, and in length it is pulling 37 km. Most of Its area is covered with dense, picturesque forest. Among the tourists, Mute Island is famous for its beautiful bays and wonderful beaches. The entire perimeter of the island covers a special road that allows you to admire the beauty of local nature.

In the midst of the protected forest are two beautiful lakes - Great (large) and little (small). Large lake has his own island, which is called the island of St. Mary. On this island there is an ancient Benedictine monastery, founded back in the XII century.

The climate of the island is distinguished by special softness - average temperature July is 25 degrees, and the middle January 9 degrees of heat - what makes it an ideal place For tourist walks all year round.

5. Plitvice lakes

Plitvice Lakes National Park is a real decoration of the richest nature of Croatia. For thousands of years of water, the river of the Quran was built here real dams, which have developed in the whole cascade of incredible beautiful waterfalls and lakes. The waterfall card changes here literally every year, since limestone dams grow here with an incredible speed.

To preserve the natural balance, numerous park visitors are prohibited to swim in the lakes, breed fires, arrange picnics, and even take with me for a walk of pets. All transport operating in the park works exclusively on electricity. But such tight restrictions do not reduce the annual flow of tourists in national ParkBecause the beauty of the local landscapes is so stunning that it is more than paying for the inability to sit by the fire. Nature here is so beautiful that everyone who saw her even the idea herself about to divorce the fire seems to be sacred.

6. Paklenica National Park

The beauty of the Paklenic National Park also literally captures the spirit. Here are incredibly picturesque canyons of rivers Mala and Great Paklenica, as well as many karst caves. Canyon's sheer rocks always attract a lot of mountaineering lovers. The length of the canyon is a large Paklenica of 14 km, and its width varies from 800 m to just 50. The height of almost plumbing walls exceeds 700 m. The width of the canyon canyon Paklenic places is only 10 m.

Paklenica Park is the biggest park Southern Europewhere you can study mountaineering and at the same time water species Sports. Today more than 360 well-equipped tourist routes varying degrees of complexity. The climbing season begins in spring, and ends late in autumn.

7. Cornati archipelago

Most of this archipelago, located in the Adriatic Sea, is occupied by the National Park. It includes 89 islands, and its total coastline exceeds 238 km. The islands of the archipelago are located as close to each other that the sheds between them turn into a real rock labyrinth. Human settlements on these islands are not, but vegetable and animal worldAs ground and underwater, extremely rich and diverse. A lot of bizarre corals, fish and pearl shells live on local reefs. On several of the archipelago islands there are ruins of ancient Illyrian settlements, and on the island of Cornat, the ancient fortress of the tour, built in the VI century, is minted.

8. Trestino City

The city of Tropeno is located at the southern border of Croatia and more like an extraordinarily beautiful village.. Here is a unique arboretum, which was laid back in 1492 by the owner of Villa Guchtich-Gocesse. Today, the arboretum belongs to the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and they allow everyone here. In the park you can see a lot of huge trees, whose age is calculated by the centuries, and the alleys are incredibly beautiful, drowning in the colors lead to a picturesque cliff, from where a wonderful view of the sea opens.

The central part of this small town, whose population is only about 10,000 people, is included in the list. World Heritage UNESCO. This part of the city is located on a tiny island, close to the mainland and big island Chiovo. The beauty of this place is so much greater that the city receives a large half of their income from tourist businesses. In the old town, you can see surprisingly mixing of the architecture of different eras, ranging from Romance, ending the baroque, the ruins of powerful medieval fortress walls and the picturesque fortress of the Camelengo, relating to the XV century.

10. River Prison

This is surprising beautiful river It flows along the bottom of the deep canyon, which she paved in soft limestone. In places the depth of this canyon reaches 250 m. Primanya - a typical karst river, and sometimes she completely goes underground.

There are a lot of picturesque thresholds and small waterfalls on the river (the height of the largest of them is 15 m), which makes it attractive not only for connoisseurs of magnificent landscapes, but also lovers extreme species Sports. Rafting here are engaged in spring to autumn, and hiking by kayak and canoe from July to August.

Climate

According to medical professionals, Croatia Climate is one of the most suitable for summer holiday. In Northern Croatia - Continental, Central - Mountain, on the Adriatic Coast - Mediterranean.

The maximum temperature in July - August in the continental districts + 28c, on the coast + 34c. The minimum in January-February in the continental part -2c, on the coast + 9c. For the center of the country is characterized roast, dry summer and wet, cold winter.

In January, the average daily temperature fluctuates in the area -1 ° C to + 3 ° C, in August here from + 20 ° C to + 23 ° C. Water temperature in summer - + 25 ° C, + 27 ° С.

On the Croatian coast the largest number sun hour In Europe - 2600, thanks to which this area of \u200b\u200bAdriatic refers to the most visited in Europe. Most best time For a trip to Croatia - from May to September. The most optimal time is September, since in July and August the beaches are filled. In September, with the end of vacations and holidays, people are becoming less. Mediterranean climate type with soft winter and dry summer (lasts 5-6 months). The heat is easily transferred due to the dry air, the sea breeze and the abundance of greenery on the coast.

For several years in a row, UNESCO assigns Croatia "The Blue Flag for the Whole Pure Watercy of the Mediterranean coast".

Waters of the World Ocean and Sushi

The area of \u200b\u200bCroatia's water area is 33,200 km. The actual length of the Adriatic coast is about 1278 km, along it is a large number of islands and small islets, their total number is 1185.

Krk Island - Pearl of the Croatian Archipelago and the most big Island Countries (409 square meters. km.). Krka National Park protects the unique nature of the river of the same name, for 72 km. flowing through the canyon depth from 100 to 200 m., forming lakes and 7 waterfalls. Unique lake There is a length of 13 km between the Rosh Falls and the Scragian whirlpool., And in the midst of him is the island of Visovac with Franciscan monastery. In addition to their beauties, Krka is known and the diverse of plant and animal world, and belongs to the richest parks in Europe. Island's dense forests are interspersed with rocks, vineyards and olive plantations, numerous resort cities provide all imaginable and inconceivable opportunities for recreation and sports, and beautiful sandy-pebble beaches and hundreds of secluded bays allow you to enjoy pure Morce. In the capital of the island, the city of Krk, many original venetian-style houses, the residence of the dukes, three ancient churches at the top of the city, Frankphan Castle (XIV century) and a wonderful Romanesque Cathedral (XII century) in the old part of the city.

From all islands Adriatic coast Croatia is populated only by 66 - in these desert places you can swim in the purest lakes, pass pedestrian trails. By the way, control over the environmental situation here is very serious: on some islands it is forbidden not only to dry fires, but also smoking.

The country consists of two parts: continental, located, mainly in the Sava River basin; and the Adriatic, stretched narrow strip along the coast Adriatic Sea. The Adriatic Sea is visible from the coast to a depth of 50 meters.

There are three main in the country resort zones:

· Peninsula Istria

o Umag, Novigrad, Porec, Vrsar, Rovinj, Pula, Medulin, Rabatz, Opatia, Lovera, Brioni Islands and Krk (Krk, Strictly speaking, does not apply to Istria, but is located next door)

· Medium Dalmatia

o Vodice, Sibenik, Primosten, Trogir, Split, Brela, Baska Water, Makarska, Tuchepi, Podgan, Islands Brac and Hvar

· South Dalmatia

o Dubrovnik, Islands Kolochep, Lastovo, Korcula and Mute, Mlini, Neum, Boards, Slot and Cavtat

All beaches municipal, free entrance. Rent of sun beds and umbrellas will cost approximately 2 EUR. Some hotels provide beach equipment for free.

Beachstria Beaches, for a very rare exception - artificial concrete platforms, natural stones, plateau or small pebble lagoon. In Middle Dalmatia (Brela city, Baska Water, Tuchpi and others) and on the island of Brac Beaches from small pebbles. They are considered the best on the entire coast. Pines here grow literally at 3-4 meters from the surf line, and therefore no umbrellas are needed. IN South Dalmatia There are pebble, and rocky, and concrete, and on the islands in the Dubrovnik area - also sandy beaches.

And also Croatia as a whole and Istria in particular - hardly chief Center world nudist tourism.

Natural zones, vegetation and animal world

In the country, pine forests are adjacent to tropical plants.

Deer, roebles, boars, cunits, foxes, as well as pheasants, wild ducks and geese are found in Slavonia and Barans. Polarki Kotar is an area where you hunt on wild goats, wolves, and injector, and in the Dalmatiansk region, the Zagora or Bioko can shoot goats. On the peninsula of the Pelescans there are mouflons, and in Istria - the abundance of game. Cres Islands and Losin are known for their deer. Clear water of numerous rivers, rivers, streams, lakes, and, of course, the sea attract fishing lovers. In Croatia, the best on the Mediterranean variety of fish, crayfish, lobster and oysters. In Croatian coastal waters, especially in secluded places, are found sea hedgehog. The best protection from them is special slippers that are sold in the tourist area at every turn.

Such language official guidebooks, then this is a small state in the south-east of Europe. It borders with Slovenia in the North-West, Hungary in the north, Bosnia and Herzegovina in Southeast, Serbia and Montenegro in the East, has sea border with Italy. Its territory is 56,540 square meters. km. Population - 4.5 million people. Of these, Croats are 78%, Bosnians - 12%, live the same Serbs, Hungarians and Slovenians. Language - Croatian. National currency - Kuna. Capital - Zagreb (Zagreb). Big cities - Split (Split), Rijeka (Rijeka), Osijek, Pula (Pula), Zadar (Zadar), Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik).

The ancient beauty of Croatia. Mixing culture

However, it is unlikely that someone will succeed long to speak impartially about this wonderful, truly magical country. These are fabulous edges capturing any of his incomparable, breathtaking beauty. They were ancient times attracted people of different nationalities and spheres of life. Here at different times the interests of Romans, Byzantines, Venetians, Turks, Hungarians, French, Germans were intersecting. Their stay, even a short-term, did not pass without a trace for the Croatian people and his land. It undoubtedly affected the appearance of cities, architectural monuments, literary works, even on the lifestyle and habits of Croats. The interlacing of many cultures is a distinctive feature of Croatia, which gives this country an unforgettable color, capable of charm even the experienced traveler. From past centuries, a large number of monuments of the era of ancient Rome and later times have been preserved from the previous centuries. They are not inferior at all, neither by the beauty of those for the sake of which travelers usually tend to Italy. This is an amphitheater in Pula (Pula), Diocletian Palace in Split (Split), City-Museum Dubrovnik (Dubrovnik), Motherland Marco Polo - Korchula Island.

Privacy

If we talk about the islands, then here are their great many, namely - 1185 (!!!). They like generous hand scattered along the bizarrely rugged coastline Croatia and some of them are covered with luxurious Mediterranean vegetation, while others are goals and deserts. Most of them are uninhabited. Croatian Islands are particularly popular with tourists who dream of solitude and relaxing holidays. Robinsons are particularly popular with rest on beacons.

Entertainment

Nature lovers will be able to take a walk in a fabulous park in Plitvice, where turquoise aquatic lakes are interconnected by waterfalls and bordered by wooded hills. It will be interesting to visit the biggest bird nature reserve or Paklenica National Park (Paklenica) with his cliffs, cliffs, caves, thick pine forests and alpine meadows, as well as unique botanical garden. And not far away. Rovinj (Rovinj) can be admired by the bay, like two drops of water look like norwegian fjord (Limsky Bay).

Here there is something to do and fans of hunting. You can go to wild boar, deer, partridge, even on the bear.

For tourists who dream of correcting their health, there are modern comfortable spa resorts, where you can not only have a great rest, but also get all kinds of wellness procedures.

Those who are unable to stay in one place can rent a car and drive along the entire coast, enjoying wonderful nature, studying local attractions, which are here a great set.

Hospitality

Local residents will surely conquer the traveler with their cloister and hospitality. Wars for the survival of the nation and the establishment of independence remained in the past. Now Croatia is one of the most comfortable seats For a holiday in Europe.

According to Interpol, Croatia is also one of the most safe countries Europe, so rest without unpleasant "adventures" tourists of any sex and age are guaranteed here. At the same time, it does not matter where the traveler will stop: in a large hotel, a small hotel, will remove the private room or apartments. The guests are friendly and very welcome everywhere.

However, to comprehend all the charms of this paradise, reminiscent of miniature Europe, you need to plunge into his life yourself. Only it is possible to fully feel the charming peculiarity of Croatia, to meet with local residents, their customs, culture and mentality.

Forests in Croatia in their long history served the people to survive and economic recovery after various conquests since ancient times, the location and beauty of Croatia is very attractive.

The total area of \u200b\u200bforest lands in Croatia is 2,688,687 hectares, which is 47% of the country's area. Of these, 2 106 917 HA Property of the Republic of Croatia, and 581,770 hectares is privately owned.

Forests of Croatia are divided into 3 environmental regions: Illyrian broad-sized forests, mixed forests on dinarsky highlands and mixed forests on the middleness of the lowland. In the territories not used by agriculture, in addition to forests, shrubs are developed thickets, meadows, swamps. In total, there are 8871 species of plants in Croatia, of which 523 species are endemics of Croatia.

Various agricultural land occupy 40.4%, of which 4389.1 hectares are used for growing permanent cultures. Shrubs and herbaceous areas occupy 4742.1 km² - 8.4%

The main protected natural sights of Croatia includes eight national parks and eleven natural parks. The total area of \u200b\u200bnational parks is 994 km², of which 235 km² come to the water surface.

NATIONAL PARKS

1. Plitvice lakes - Dinar Highlands, south of the city

2. Package - south part Velbita, northeast of the task

3. RUSNEAK - POSSIONS KOTAR, NORTERTY FROM DIRECTOR

4. Millet -Ostrov in South Dalmatia

5. Cornati - Archipelago in Central Dalmatia

7. Krka - the Valley of the Krka River between the cities of Knin and Scradin

8. North Velubit - Northern part Velbita, south of Senya

Natural parks

1. Kopachka Rit - Nearby from the city of Osijek, on the border with Serbia, near the place of failure p. Drazy in r. Danube

2. Pope - mountain chain In Slavonia, next to Slatina and Daruwar

3. Lovskaya field - next to the city of Sisak, along the Sava River

4. Medvednitsa - north of Zagreb

5. Jumberak - Croatian-Slovenian Park. Nearest cities - Novo-Place and Samobor

6. Studies - High mountain array of Istria Peninsula

7. Velbit - Mountain chain along the Adriatic coast

8. Van Lake - the most big Lake Countries not far from Biograd-on-Mor

9. Teleshchiritsa - Tarka is located on the island of Dougie Sotok

10. Bioko - Mountain ridge near the city of Makarska

11. Lastovo - the most south Island Croatia

Also, according to the register of specially protected natural territories Ministry of Protection ambient and nature (as of January 7, 2013) in the Republic of Croatia, a total of 82 natural Reserve Protected by virtue of their importance for flora and fauna, as well as having geological and other special interest.

Croatia is one of the most environmentally friendly countries in the world and you can understand those tourists who come here not to inspect its cultural and historical and architectural attractions, and to enjoy the beauty of her virgin nature. The azure water of the Adriatic coast, beaches, located surrounded by coniferous forests and air, soaked with aromas of mountain herbs and the sea, attract numerous tourists from all over the world.

About 4, 5 thousand diverse types of flora grow in the country, with most of them you will not see any other European country. On only rocks and stony cliffs are 700 species of wondrous plants. Oaks, maples, graphs, lindens grow in the forests, and the valleys of rivers - poplar, willow and many shrubs.

Unusually picturesque, richly covered with vegetation, numerous islands of Croatia. Tourists, going on a journey through Croatia, be sure to visit them to plunge into the world amazing nature. Slender cypressions, odorous lover bushes, olive groves, citrus plantations, well-groomed vineyards, lavender fields So beautiful that the desire arises to remain in this paradise forever. The richest in the form of vegetation is the Krk island, which grows 1430 species of plants.

Fauna Croatia is not as rich as Flora, but, nevertheless, is of great interest to study. The uniqueness is that the representatives of the animal world do not die here, as in other countries to which civilization has reached. On warm rocks, lizards and snakes live here, and there are many turtles around the burden. Walking on mountain forest trails You can easily see the cunits, sulfur, deer, badger, fox and hare. More terrible animals are inhabited here, such as wolves, brown bears and forest cats.

If you get a tour to Croatia in the winter, then on one of its islands you can see several types of Russian birds that fly here to wintering, fleeing our cold. Glukhary, partridges, several types of dyatlov, including very rare, live in the local forests. Favorite place The habitats of birds are swamping landscapes formed during the confluence of rivers or in the area of \u200b\u200btheir imposition in the sea. Eagles, falcons, storks, seagulls and several more types of waterfowl are inhabited here.

Unusually beautiful underwater world of the Adriatic. Amazing corals, many types of exotic and fishing fish, huge sinks can be found, plunging with scuba to transparent sea waters. Also inhabited by rare aqueous mammals - a monk seal.