On the morning of May 28, 1987, the German amateur Matias Rust flew to the Cessna 172R monograph from the airfield near Helsinki, on which he flew from Hamburg to the day before. In flight documents, the end point of the route was to be Stockholm.
At 13.10, having received permission, Rust raised his car into the air and headed by the planned route. After 20 minutes of the flight, he reported to the dispatcher that he had an order aboard, and traditionally said goodbye. After that, turning off the onboard radio station, the plane turned steeply Finnish Gulf and began a decline to a height of 80-100 m. This planned
the maneuver was supposed to provide a reliable output of the aircraft from the control zone of the dispatch radar and hide the true flight route.
At this height, Matias went to the calculation point of the Finnish bay near the Helsinki airway - Moscow. Looking at the aircraft in the direction of the first ground reference point on the coast of the Soviet Union (the slate combine of the city of Kohtla-Järve with his smokes, which were visible in a hundred kilometers) and verify the readings of the radio compass with the calculated, Rust lay down on the "combat course".
Approximate route Rust from Hamburg to Moscow
Wikipedia / Europe_laea_location_map.svg: AlexrK2 / CC BY-SA 3.0The violator of the state border of the USSR followed the international airway on the international airway. Information about it was issued on the KP of the radio engineering battalion in the Estonian town of Tapa, the 4th Radiotechnical Brigade and the Intelligence Information Center of the 14th Division. In fact, information about the goal has already been displayed from 14.31 on the screens of automated workplaces of the division of the Division CP.
Operational duty KP brigade Major Krinitsky did not immediately declare the goal by the violator of the State Government and continued to clarify the characteristics of the object and his belonging until Rust came out of the visibility zones of the RRS brigade. Deputy duty
major black, according to the report, knowing the real environment and the fact that the goal comes from the Gulf of Finland to the coastal line, "acted irresponsible"
and assigned her number only at 14.37.
Operational duty of the Division Division Lieutenant Colonel Carries did not require clear reports and clarification of the type and nature of the goal, "violating the requirements for the immediate issuance of the alert", as well as the procedure for making a decision on billing crews to identify the goal.
In fact, it was decided to: until the situation "Top" does not produce the situation. Over the territory of Estonia at this point there were at least ten light engineers of the most different departmental affiliation. None of them was equipped with a system of state identification.
At 14.28, it turns out that there are no civilian aircraft with small aviation in this area. At 14.29, the operational duty officer of the 14th division of the 12th air defense system decided to assign the "combat number" to the violator of 8255, about issuing information "upstairs" and the announcement of readiness No. 1.
Only at 14.45 about the movement reported on the higher KP of the 6th separate air defense army.
"Thus, in the fault of the KP of the 14th division, the air defense was lost 16 minutes of time, and most importantly - the acuity of the perception of the air situation of the Army KP disappeared, based on the fact that the goal was from the part of the Gulf of Finland and entered the border of the USSR," is approved report.
At the same time, the duty KP of the 656th Fighter Aviation Regiment in the city of Tapa Lieutenant Filatov, at 14.33, led to readiness No. 1 on duty fighters, repeatedly requesting permission to rise them, but in the division gave good only at 14.47.
The Rusta Plane, meanwhile, approached the Church of the Lake. At 14.30, on the route Cessna 172R, the weather deteriorated sharply. Rust decided to leave with a decline under the lower edge of the clouds and change the course to the area of \u200b\u200bthe spare reference: the railway station of the bottom.
On May 28, 1987, at 18.15, Cessna's civilian aircraft flew unhindered from Germany to the Red Square in the heart of the Soviet Union. In the cockpit: Matias Rust from Hamburg
Picture AllianceThe purpose actually has already passed the zone of a solid duty radar field at small heights and the damage zone of duty anti-aircraft missile divisions. It was missed precious time for interception.
Later, the command regarded the delay of calculations of the 14th division as "not explained, except for complete irresponsibility bordering the crime."
Arriving on KP at 14.53, the commander of the 14th division was reported that in order to clarify the target in the area of \u200b\u200bthe corridor No. 1 Helsinki route - Moscow was raised by the fighter. The fact that the goal was discovered even near the Government of the Finnish Bay, the officer's duty officer silent.
Operational duty on the KP of the 6th Army Colonel of the Voronkov, having received information about the goal, after a minute - at 14.46 - he led to readiness No. 1 attendant forces of the 54th air defense case and finally lifted the lifting pair of fighters of the 656th shelf in the air with the task of one Of these, overlap the border, another - identify the violator of the flight mode.
After another five minutes, its commander arrived at the KP of the army - General Hermann Kromin, who took over the guidelines on duty forces. He led to readiness No. 1 all the compounds and parts of the 54th air defense body. Commanders of the three anti-aircraft missile divisions of the 204th Guards Brigade in Kerstovo, who were on the route of the flight Rusta, reported that the goal was observed and ready for launch of missiles.
MiG-23 raised MiG-23 Senior Lieutenant Bajnina until 15.00 was waiting for the head of the regional center of the Unified Air Motion Management System of the Distribution Zone of the Leningrad Military District Colonel Timoshin will give permission to enter the area of \u200b\u200bairspace.
Only at 15.23 when managing from the point of deployment of the 54th case, the pilot was tested to the target for its identification. Speak to goal at an altitude of 2 thousand m under conditions of 10-point clouds with the lower edge of 500-600 and the upper 2.5-2.9 thousand m. Rust was almost 1.5 km below, right under the clouds - at height 600 m.
At the first occasion, the starting goal did not find. With a re-entering, at an altitude of 600 m, the pilot visually discovered the goal below for 30-50 m and in 15.28 passed to the point of guiding its characteristic: "Light-engine aircraft of white type Yak-12".
The type of target was reported by the command of the 6th Army, but there did not make any decision, approved by the fighter railway. At the same time, "MIGA" remained fuel for another navigation and more accurate identification of the target and, most importantly, determining its state affiliation.
The span between the Cathedral of Basil Blessed and the Kremlin Wall
Picture Alliance"The" carpet "signal (the requirement of an immediate landing. -" Gazeta.Ru ") was not declared," emphasizes in official documents.
During the investigation, Ruste asked the question of whether he saw a fighter. The German confirmed and said that he even greeted the Soviet pilot, but did not receive any response signals. The Cessna 172R aircraft radio station was turned off.
The report of the Pilot MiG-23 remained without attention, as it was considered that the plane detected was one of the local airlubs, where at this time the planned flights were walking.
At this time, the rescue searches of Rust on the Finnish side continued almost within two hours. Due to the unexpected disappearance from the screen of the dispatching radar of the airport, the dispatcher was attempted to contact Matias Rust. After several unsuccessful attempts, the plane was declared a disaster, and rescuers sent to the intended area of \u200b\u200bfall.
Searches continued for several hours. Later, about $ 100 thousand for "services rendered" will contribute later.
At 15.31, the second fighter was raised from the Tapa airfield. The previous order of guiding with a delay before the responsibility zone of the Leningrad Military District was repeated. Only at 15.58 at an altitude of 1.5 thousand meters, the Soviet pilot was in the area of \u200b\u200bthe goal, but it did not find it visually and returned to the content airfield without a result. By the time, the Soviet radars lost a weak signal from the low-tailed single-engine aircraft of Rusta and switched to the accompaniment of its reflections resembling it from meteo formations.
Here are some explanations. In the mid-70s, when powerful high-precantial locators began to admit the air defense of the PVT, during their polygon tests began to be detected with the motion parameters, commensurate with the characteristics of light-engine aircraft. They were jokingly dyed echo angels. This phenomenon caused serious difficulties in automated processing of information. If even the operator of them poorly distinguishes, how to teach "automatic" to work without errors?
During serious studies and mass of experiments, it was found that the RLS due to the high radiating potential can observe specific meteorological objects. This phenomenon is characteristic of the spring period in medium latitudes and when driving a powerful warm front. In addition, a very similar effect creates a seasonal migration of dense flocks of birds. RLS operators needed assistance in recognizing objects of this class. For the controls of the air defense troops, detailed techniques and instructions were developed.
The significant changes in the target parameters that occurred at a certain point were not alarmed and remained without proper attention. Operators clearly did not have enough qualifications. In addition, the loss of radar contact with the Rust aircraft occurred at the junction of the liability of two air defense compounds - the 14th division and the 54th case, where the coherence of calculating command clauses plays an important, if not a decisive role.
Raised in the future sequentially at 15.54 and 16.25 fighters from the airfield, the Lodechnoye field in the Leningrad region was already on false goals.
At this time, on the route Rusta, the warm air front moved to the southeast. Solid cloudiness was observed, seats rain, the lower edge of the clouds is 200-400 m, the upper edge - 2.5-3 thousand meters. The search was carried out for 30 minutes. To descend into the clouds, fighters were banned, it was too dangerous.
Only at 16.30 the commander of the 6th Army personally informed about the established situation of the duty officer at the KP of the Moscow District, making the conclusion that the target 8255 is a dense flock of birds. At the same time, in the current methods and instructions contained the necessary information about which types of birds and at what time of day can fly in the fog and clouds, and under what circumstances a dense flock can change the direction of flight.
After receiving information from the 6th Army, the Moscow District of Air Defense at 16.32 included the RLS of the 2266th Radio Technological Battalion in the city of Old Russ Novgorod region, And on the readiness number 1, duty crews were translated on Tver Airfields Andreapol and Khotilovo. The rise of two fighters from there to the detection of the target did not lead: the pilots continued to direct on the ghostly meteo formation.
In court, Matthia Rust was to be responsible for violation of the Soviet state border, violation international Rules Flights and grave hooliganism
Picture AllianceAs it turned out later, the lost impairment aircraft at 16.16 was discovered on duty radar of the 1074th separate radar company of the 3rd radiotechnical brigade of the 2nd Air Defense Corps in the Tver region. These targets up to 16.47 in automatic mode were issued at the CP of the higher radio engineering battalion.
At the KP of the 2nd Air Defense Corps on the Special Equipment "Proton-2" later found data of the wiring aircraft from 16.18 to 16.28, however, due to the low preparedness of the corresponding calculations, the information was not used.
Matthias at that time was 40 km west of the city of Torzhok, where the on the day before there was a plane crash.
Two aircraft collided in the air - Tu-22 and MiG-25. There are several groups of rescuers and investigating specialists in the fall of the machine fragments of cars. To the site of the catastrophe, people and cargo were delivered by the aircraft of the aviation part in the city of Torzhok. One helicopter was in the air as a connected repeater. At 16.30, the Rusta plane was identified with a helicopter, so he did not cause any anxiety in this portion of the flight.
Air situation in the detection zone of the next unit, which entered the Mathias plane, was also intense. Here fought with the notorious long-lived meteorological objects. They were observed on the RLS indicators screens for 40 minutes (and several at the same time). All objects moved to the southeast. Here Rust again fell "under the amnesty" - was removed from the maintenance as a meteorological object. It happened already at the exit from the division detection zone.
Nevertheless, at the command paragraph, the exchange rate difference of this route was noticed from previously discharged from the maintenance of air objects. At 16.48, the decision of the 2nd air defense system commander was raised by two duty fighters from the Rzhev airfield with a task - search for small aviation aircraft or other aircraft southeast of the city of Staritsa. Search results did not give.
By 17.36, the Deputy Commander of the Moscow State Institution of the Air Defense Ministry appeared on the KP of the Moscow District, the Deputy Commander, which, appreciating the situation, set the task of bringing the 2nd air defense for the duty forces of the 2nd air defense system for a few minutes and ordered the goal of the reference radar Objectives of complexes C-200. This either did not bring results, since by this time Rust passed the border of the responsibility of the above-mentioned corps. The tasks of the 1st army of the air defense of a special purpose were not delivered.
At 17.40, the Matthias plane fell into the area of \u200b\u200baction of civil radars of the Moscow aeronautic. In the plan, the aircraft did not mean, carried out flight with violations of the rules, there was no connection with the crew. It seriously threatened air traffic safety in the Moscow Aviation Zone. Before clarifying the situation, the administration stopped receiving and sending passenger liners.
When coordinating the plan of joint actions, with the command of the Moscow District, the air defense was decided that civilian experts themselves would understand with the violator of the flight regime.
When it was found that the violator is already over the city development of Moscow, where flights are generally prohibited, to take something late.
At 18.30, Rusta plane appeared over the Khodyan field and continued to fly to the city center. Deciding that it is impossible to land on the Ivanovo Square of the Kremlin, Matias undertook three unsuccessful attempts to land on Red Square. The size of the latter allowed to do this, but a lot of people were on the parsing.
After that, the German accepted a risky decision - landed at Moskvoretsky Bridge. By turning over the hotel "Russia", he began to decline over the street a large Ordin, turning on the landing lights. The post service in order to avoid accidents on the bridge included the red light of the traffic light.
The landing Rust performed masterfully, if we consider that he had a sniper to get into the area between the stretch marks of the contact trolleybus network.
It happened at 18.55. Hanging to the Pokrovsky Cathedral and turning off the engine, Matias left the plane in a new red overalls, put the pads under the chassis and began to distribute autographs.
Cessna on the edge of the Red Square
Picture AllianceAlready at the first stage, the consequences of reform began to appear - the dismemberment of the unified control system for the country's air defense troops between the military districts in 1978.
The troops of the United States of the USSR in the second half of the 70s developed as an active pace that their superiority was recognized in the West over similar systems of other countries of the world.
The re-equipment of air defense troops was completed on the newest ones of weapons and military technique. The air defense system during this period was a single automated organizational and technical complex, which was in constant combat readiness and continuously improved.
The air borders of the USSR in the years of the Cold War were constantly subjected to strength checks. By the way,
even in the mid-70s, the present scorch of the SSSR air defense system in the North-West region has become violations of the Government of light-engine aircraft (such as Cessna, Beechcraft, PipeRi Dr.) from Finland.
As a rule, the cause of such incidents was the loss of orientation by flyers of amateurs.
However, this did not affect this. April 20, 1978 in the Kola Peninsula district, the Passenger Airplane was crossed by the South Kali airline Kal. After unsuccessful attempts to force the plane to landing the Commander of the 10th Army Air Defense decided to apply the weapon. The air defense fighter SU-15 opened fire for defeat and damaged the left liner wing console. He committed forced landing On the ice of Lake Holpiyarvi in \u200b\u200bthe area of \u200b\u200bthe city of Kem. Two passengers died, several people were injured. The agency's aplers were subsequently recognized as correct, and all participants in the interception are presented to state awards.
By that time, the influential group of senior managers found the FFA reform of the USSR, which provided for the transfer of the greater, best and most efficient part of air defense troops to the border military districts. Decisively against this, the commander-in-chief of the military air defense of the country of the country of the Soviet Union Pavel Batitsky was performed.
In the summer of 1978, the harmful decision was made. Corps and divisions of air defense were at the disposal of administrative and economic structures, which in practice were military districts. The reform took place in the unjustified bustle. A few years later, it was still decided to return the troops to its original state, but the damage to the air defense was remembered so far.
Meanwhile, the tensions in the field of protection of the State Government did not fall. Only for Far East In the early 80s, operators of radio engineering troops were accompanied on PLC screens near the borders of more than three thousand air objects annually.
Matthias Rust participates in Tok Show, 2012
Picture allyance / jazzarchivAir defense officers became hostages of political decisions taken. And the procedure for coercion to landing such violators of the State Government is unequivocally defined so far.
During the Rusta Rusta to the territory of the USSR, the "holy principle of the border" was violated - the immediate issuance of information on the target until the situation is clarified. However, instead of a rational analysis, the incident began to search for the perpetrators, which were discovered almost immediately.
The leadership of the country were removed from their posts three Marshals of the Soviet Union and about three hundred generals and officers. This personnel pogrom did not know the army literally since 1937.
As a result, people came to the leadership of the armed forces and species of Sun, the people who inferior in their professional-business and moral qualities of the marchs and generals.
Day On May 27, 1987, 18-year-old Matias Rust flew out of Hamburg on a four-bed aircraft "Cessna 172b Skyhawk" (Cessna 172b Skyhawk). He made an intermediate landing at Malmi Airport in Helsinki for refueling. Rust airport dispatch service said he flies to Stockholm. At some point, Rust stopped communicating with the Finnish dispatch service, and then headed for coastline Baltic Sea And disappeared from the airspace of Finland near Sipoo. Rescuers discovered the oil stain in the sea and regarded it as evidence of the crash of the aircraft. Rust Soviet border and took the course to Moscow.
In one case (at the airfield of the tap), two duty fighters raised an alarm. The fighters found the aircraft of Rusta, but did not receive instructions on further actions and, making several flights over the plane "Cessna" (the aircraft of Rusta moved at a low height and at a low flight speed, which made it impossible to constantly accompany his high-speed fighters), they simply returned to the airfield. Moving to Moscow Rust focused on the Leningrad-Moscow railway. On the path of his flight, the duty links were raised from the airfields of Wotehilovo and Bezhetsk, but did not come to the order of the order.
The automated air defense system of the Moscow Military District was disabled for preventive work, so the tracking of the intruder was carried out in manual mode and coordinate on telephone communication. Thus, the plane of Matias Rusta did not hit the list of aircraft shot down during the Cold War.
Rust landed on a big Moskvoretsky bridge, rolled up to the cathedral of Basil Blessed, at 19:10 left the plane and began to distribute autographs. After 10 minutes he was arrested.
Versions about air defense reaction
According to one of the versions, the flight of Rusta was a promotion of foreign special services. As General of the Army, Peter Daenekin, said in one of the interviews, Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Air Force in 1991-1997, "There is no doubt that the flight of Rusta was a carefully planned provocation of Western special services. And what is the most important thing - it was held with the consent and with the knowledge of individuals from the then leadership of the Soviet Union. " Igor Morozov, the former Colonel KGB of the USSR, who marked: "It was a brilliant operation developed by Western special services. 20 years later, it becomes obvious that the special services, and this is no longer a secret, they were able to attract a grandiose project of persons from the nearest environment of Mikhail Gorbachev, and the reaction of the Secretary-General of the CPSU Central Committee was calculated with one hundred percent accuracy. And the goal was alone - delay the Armed Forces of the USSR, to significantly weaken the positions of the Soviet Union in the international arena. "
The commander of the USSR's anti-aircraft missile troops by Rasim Akchurin said: "The action was not harmless at all, but planned to defame our army.<...> Alexander Ivanovich Koldunov was removed by the commander amazing mantwice the hero of the Soviet Union. In addition, we removed the commander - I do not know his fate and I don't even remember the name. In the air defense, then a lot of people "darkened", and the operational duty even was abused. ... I removed the excellent Minister of Defense Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov and put Dmitry Jazz instead. " According to the duty officer at the central police station on May 28, 1987, Sergey Melnikova, the former Chairman of the KGB, Vladimir Kryuchkov, in a consequence in a trust form, told him that "she personally prepared this operation to indicate Gorbachev."
Effects
Rust was accused of hooliganism (his landing, according to the court, threatened the lives of people who were in the square), violation of aviation legislation and the illegal intersection of the Soviet border. Rust said in court that his flight was a "call to the world." On September 4, Rust sentenced to four years in prison. Matias Rust returned to Germany on August 3, 1988 after Andrei Gromyko, at that time, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, signed an amnesty decree. Rust conducted in preliminary prison and prison a total of 432 days.
Best days
In the popular stage, Rust is described as a reckless freedom-loving and a reckless guy.
Despite the early detection of Rusta forces by air defense, in Soviet newspapers his flight was presented as a failure of the Soviet air defense system. Mikhail Gorbachev used an incident in order to shift the Minister of Defense Sergey Sokolova and the Air File Commander of Alexander Koldunov, as well as for the subsequent reduction of the armed forces. Both were political opponents of Gorbachev. Instead, he appointed people who supported his political course, although one of them was a new defense minister Dmitry Yazov - later participated in the coup against Gorbachev. The posts were lost, except for those named, two more Marshal - the head of the Air Force Alexander Efimov and the commander of the Moscow district police station Anatoly Konstantinov. As the "Labor" newspaper noted, American National Security Specialist William E. Odom noted that "After the Rusta span in the Soviet Army, radical changes were carried out, comparable to the cleaning of the Armed Forces organized by Stalin in 1937.
Rust life after flight
In November 1989, Rust, held alternative service in the hospital in the German city of Rissen, hit the nurse with a knife, because she refused to go to date with him. For this in 1991, he was sentenced to 4 years in prison, but was released after only 5 months. In April 1994, Rust said he wants to return to Russia. There he visited the orphanage and began to sacrifice money for him. He then disappeared for 2 years. Rumors about his death, but in reality Rust traded footwear in Moscow.
Then, at 28 years old, throwing the whole world, Rust returned to his homeland. There he announced his intention to marry an Indian girl named Githa (Geetha), daughter of a rich seed merchant from Bombay. Rust passed into Hinduism, and the marriage ceremony took place in India and the Hindu rite. After marriage, Rust and his wife returned to Germany.
In April 2001, Rust appeared before the court on charges of stealing the sweater in the department store. As of 2002, Rust lived in Hamburg with the second wife of Athena (ATHENA). Now Matias Rust earns a game of poker.
Plane Rusta today owns a rich Japanese businessman. He holds the plane in the hangar, hoping that over time it will grow.
Humor
After landing M. Ruste, some time in the people, the Red Square was called Sheremetyevo-3. Also in the country went anecdote that the fountain near the Bolshoi Theater was given a post of militia in case an American submarine emerges.
Also among military personnel of aviation-fighter regiments, the air defense troops walked a joke about two pilot lieutenants on Red Square, one of which asked for another to smoke. The other answered in the sense "What are you?! At the airfield do not smoke! ".
Charming Avturist))
Ray Moon. 19.10.2014 11:58:51
Rust Well done! He was a participant in a large, political game, the totalitarian regime of the USSR of that time. Give him hello !!!))))))
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Today - 25 years since the landing of the German pilot- "Lovers" under the walls of the Kremlin
Today - the 25th anniversary of the landing of the German flyer of Matyas Rusta in the heart of Moscow, under the walls of the Kremlin. His demonstrative and arrogant flight on May 28, 1987 from Finland to Moscow, and not suppressed by our air defense facilities, it became one of the staged milestones in the collapse of the Great Power - the Soviet Union. The powerful, perfect for those times the air defense system managed to "defeat" a small single-engine aircraft, pilotable to the same "lover".
How could this happen? Unfortunately, many circumstances of an happening quarter of a century ago still hid someone. Nevertheless, over the years, it is possible to find more and more confirmations that the "breakthrough" of the Soviet air defense system, who testified to the allegedly about the collapse of the entire Soviet system, was actually a carefully planned secret operation, which was successfully implemented primarily with the help of traitors from the highest echelons of the Soviet leadership. And traitors then used this incident to discredit the Soviet army and almost completely replacing its command. It tells about it today on the pages of the "free press" Military journalist Evgeny Kirichenko.
Rust: "I was waiting for a landing team. But it did not follow it. "
In fact, the Rusta plane, who did not respond to the request "his - Alien, "was immediately detected by our radar means. The first of his intercourse RLS operator of ordinary dilmagombetov, which immediately reported to the on duty at the point of control of the company Captain Osipov. Then the mark of the "Sessna" of Rusta is cast by the operator of another station, Efreitor Shargorodsky, and told the operational duty that observes an unidentified goal. However, on a higher CP, the issuance of information "upstairs" detained for 15 minutes, taking a time out to figure out who flies - violator of the Government or Flight Station Violator. Lieutenant Colonel Carec and Major black, which were then blamed in all this story - We decided and condemned the military tribunal for five years.
But the information, although with the receipt, was issued on the team on. On the interception of Rusta took off the fighter, who piloted senior lieutenant Bajnnin. He doubled "Cessna" and reported to the ground that in front of him - "Sport type light engine aircraft with blue stripe along the fuselage." Get it then from the Earth to destroy the border offender, it would be easy for it. According to Rusta, listed in the interrogation protocol, he only once saw a Soviet interceptor and even distinguished himself in the cabin of orange overalls and oxygen masks of Soviet pilots who were sitting in one row.
- I waited for a landing team, - Arrived by Rust. - But it did not follow. Therefore, I retained the course 117, moving at an altitude of 600.
Rust Lucinal. He was not going to sit down, because his task was part of anything to fly to Red Square. And the violator walked is not one day. To avoid further meetings with fighters, Rust then leaves for a small height. Such a decision could only take a pilot who was well aware of the ways to counter our air defense system.
Although Rusta that day could easily knock down. Such a decision has already been adopted by General Gridin - Commander of the Leningrad Separate Air Defense Army. The instruction that appeared on the light after the September events of 1983, when the South Korean Boeing was shot down in the Far East, as if by mistaken the Soviet border. The instruction forbade the tracks of the passenger and light-engine aircraft of the sports type, and the general is painfully looking for a decision, thereby retaining the life of the German guy. Here is an excerpt from the transcript of his negotiations on the KP Army:
- Well, we will shoot down? The pilot reports: like Yak-12 (Soviet light-engine aircraft of a sports type, similar to "Cesslen").
It is the similarity of the Rusta Airplane with Yak-12 and misled our pilot, and behind him - and everyone else. The general decided that it deals with the flight station violator, which forgot to turn on the identification mode on board or flew with faulty equipment. The goal was transferred to accompanying the divisions of the Moscow District, which regularly "led" it until the mark from the "Seesna" disappeared from the screens of indicators.
Rust sits on refueling under Novgorod, where and "changed"?
As you know, from Helsinki "Sessna-172", pilotable by Rust, flew at 13:15 Moscow time, and sat on Red Square at 19:30. That is, it was in the air for 6 hours 15 minutes, covering the distance of about 880 km. This means that "Sessna" was with an average speed of about 140 km / h, which is much lower than the cruising speed of this type of aircraft, component of 220 km / h.
In addition for the most part The territory where the violator of the Soviet border flew, the wind pass through for him. That is, for all calculations, Rust was to be in Moscow for two months before the real landing. Consequently, "Sessna" either significantly deviated from the route (unknown, for what purpose), or made somewhere an intermediate landing.
It is not surprising that the inquisitive people, including the correspondent of the West German magazine, Vunde M.Timm, producing similar calculations, wondered: where the pilot "amateur" and who could change him? "After all, from Helsinki, - perplexed a correspondent - Matias Rust flew in jeans and a green gymnaster, and after landing in Moscow, he left the plane in the Red Jumpsuit. " In Helsinki, as Timm says, there was no image on the tail stabilizer "Presense" atomic bombsdropped on Hiroshima. Where did it come from the plane after the landing on Red Square?
In favor of the version of the intermediate landing of Rusta testifies to the fact that shortly after the departure of the violator by Soviet interceptors, the means of reconnaissance air defense rates began to issue information about the goal of lowering the target, then about 15:32 lost her. Apparently, "Sessna", having met fighters, decided not to tempt fate and, choosing a suitable platform, landed.
By the way, in the area Stroy Russawhere could accomplish the intended forced (and may, the planned) landing of Rust, at that time there were up to fifty aerodromes and more than 60 sites belonging to various departments. None of these sites in that area had a connection with the authorities supervising the procedure and rules for the use of airspace. In a word, even if you wish, the Witness Witnesses of the Overseas Guest could not call where it follows. Simply perfect place In order to "dive" from all-seeing locators of the Soviet air defense. And if Rust accidentally chosen such a landing platform, then this chance is to become a win of all the main prizes in one lottery.
But still - could the German flying landing be required? Judging by how skillfully, with a sharp loss of height, he left the Finnish air defense fighters, it can be concluded that Rust interceptors were afraid. Masterfully informing the fall in the bay, he crossed our border, and Finnish pilots, finding a rainbow spot on the waves from the air, returned to the base.
Here, by the way, the next mystery: how could the oil stain in the place of "falling" rusta appear in itself? The technical examination conducted later showed that to fake such a stain with the help of a canister or barrel discarded in the bay from the aircraft is impossible. Such camouflage support to the German pilot could exist except a submarine or boat.
Another mystery. Why not only our fighters sent to the interception of Rusta, but also the locators of several radio engineering units have lost the air violator? It happened somewhere in the middle of the route.
- Most likely, - As the author of the publication in the "SP" then lieutenant colonel V.Petrenko, the senior navigator of the Aviation Department of the Moscow District, - Being an experienced pilot, in what doubts do not have to, Rust represented well what can be expected from meeting with fighters. It was enough for the interceptor to pass over the "presence" on the afternoon, and that would break into the sins. Therefore, it is quite possible that Rust sharply spectacled, leaving for a small height, where it is not the fact that the fighter - No locator hooks. Either at all took and landed ...
Former deputy head of the combat training department of the Radiotechnical troops of the Moscow District of Air Defense, Lieutenant Colonel E.Sukhover believes that the German pilot deliberately went to an intermediate landing to confuse our local locators. That is, from the border impairment, which it was identified in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Gulf of Finland, it is simply a violator of the flight regime, according to which no one will not shoot.
Those who preparing his adventure with landing in Moscow summarizes the author of the publication, could not not be aware of how the duty forces of the Soviet air defense in September 1983 in the Far East were shot down by the South Korean "Boeing", which allegedly flew to Soviet territory and not answered requests from the ground. This sad experience helped the Ruste to fool Soviet rackets, because when the "preparation" was repeatedly detected, the localists conducted it on his screens not as a "air enemy", but already as a "airplane without a sign of identification", i.e., the flight medulutor. From the air defense unit, this implied other, more loyal actions. However, as it is known, our troops could not be identified to identify Rusta from the very beginning ...
If the events developed this way, the author continues, then call the "Pigeon of the World" flight, which served on the Red Square, just a prank, somehow the language does not turn. It seems that Rust and those who prepared it, too well imagined a system for collecting and processing radar information of the Soviet air defense system.
Again, only a strange coincidence can be explained by the fact that the route of the violator of the state border ran through the area, where the disaster MiG-25 fighter and the Tu-22m bombard were disaster. In the zone of the alleged fall of aircraft, there were active search and rescue work, several "turntables" spawned in the air. Naturally, in such a messenger it was possible to skip the "air opponent", which, emphasized, was already identified at this time as a "flight violator". Moreover, Rust led its airplane at the same height and at the same speed as the search and rescue helicopters, which spinning on its route.
No less strange appearance of six unidentified goals in the Ostashkov region, Kuvlyovo and Selishche. Duty changing radiotechnical battalion, watching these marks on the screens of its radar, began to give the coordinates of the goals at 16:39. Accompanying them lasted somewhere around half an hour. Then, making sure the goals are moving with a course and speed, commensurate with the direction and speed of the wind, they stopped paying attention to them, deciding that they see the marks from the clouds on their indicators.
However, the then head of the radiotechnical troops Colonel A.Rudak, who after these events was removed from office by the new Minister of Defense of the USSR Dmitry Yazov (although in that ill-fated day On May 28, 1987, Rudak was on vacation), still believes that the locators did not observe meteorological formation, and so on. MRSH (small-sized balls). They were launched by someone in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Seliger. According to the officer, the configuration of marks on the radar indicators coincided with the configuration of the MRSH. Yes, and "kuchno" their location on the Locator screen speaks for itself: it means that they were launched in one place.
Moreover, the balls appeared in the area of \u200b\u200bresponsibility of the radio engineering battalion just at a time when "Sessna" flew through it. The RLS operator could easily lose the air offender mark among the MRS marks moving through the same direction-rate of the associated wind, which turned around, as discharged, in the direction of the first-hearth. Later it turned out that in the area of \u200b\u200bLake Seliger on May 28, there was a group of West German tourists. And launch a similar ball, as explained by the knowledgeable people, is easier than simple. Enough gas lighter or aerosol cartridge.
Experts do not exclude that at the time of the flight Rusta, the balls were launched for overloading information channels of air defense: this tactics were repeatedly practiced in the northern and northwestern destinations our Scandinavian neighbors. However, for some reason, experts from organs did not become verify this version.
By the way, it was at the time when RLS operators tried to understand Mishur of all sorts of marks, covered the screens of indicators, the operational duty officer of the Moscow District Air Defense District Major General V. Renichenko gave the command to turn off the ACS to conduct unscheduled regulations. This is the general solution during a complex search and rescue operation, when several important air objects were located in the air, it looked rather strange.
- I think there is no military mystery in it, if I say that during the combat duty, the ACS equipment never turn off, - Remented then Vladimir Borisovich. - Even if electricity suddenly disappears, the ACS will be transferred to backup power. Therefore, when unknown persons were approached to me, and asked to turn off the ASU, I even took it. In the air - several unidentified goals, and among them - whether the "air opponent", whether the "flight violator", and I will take and turn off the equipment?! In addition, the troops worked a group of inspecting from the General Staff, which at any time could "run" the control goal. I asked them directly: "Who are you?" And then they said that Tehnari, i.e., representatives of industry. I flatly refused to turn off the ACU ...
"Industrialists" began to insist, and Major General Reznichenko demanded official paper from them with the signature of at least the Commander-in-Chief of Air Defense. Operational duty was confident that such a document is unlikely to show. And it was very surprised when "plant representatives" literally brought paper signed by the Commander-in-law ...
- I'm not going to turn off the ACS after that - worried from surpassed memories Vladimir Borisovich, - But I began to threaten: they say, they will call where necessary, and the troubles will not be collapsed. Eh, if you knew only what it would turn out ...
Vladimir Borisovich admitted that he had been alerted from the very beginning to be acknowledged by the request of the "representatives of the plant", which began preventive work in a spontaneous hour. Previously, in such cases, it was always considered with the opinion of the operational duty. Why did they neglect this time?
"The West managed to attract the project of persons from the nearest surroundings of Gorbachev"
Soviet newspapers of that time, Kirichenko writes, as if consistent, dubbed the unprecedented flight of Rusta by the boyish prank, a hooligan leak, for which it should be impossible. At the same time, the "air hooliganism" of Rusta led to the resignations of the highest army ranks and gave the occasion to Mikhail Gorbachev to begin a radical reduction of the armed forces. Next followed the destruction of the Warsaw Covenant, the fall in the communist regimes in countries of Eastern Europe And the conclusion of the Soviet troops from Afghanistan, which was so prevented by the then Minister of Defense of the USSR Marshal Sokolov.
When you think about it, the face of the German flyer seems far from harmless. All this story is very much similar to the performance played by a carefully thought-out scenario, in which Western special services and numerous influence agents introduced into our power echelons were probably involved.
The author of the publication leads to confirm the words of the American Specialist on the National Security of William E. Modom, who believes that after the flight of Rusta in the Soviet Army, radical changes were carried out, comparable to the cleaning of the armed forces organized by Stalin in 1937.
"Since the arrival of Gorbachev to power, - writes one - Only Deputy Minister of Defense for Armediation held his position. Among the replaced officials were the Minister of Defense, all of his deputies, chief of the General Staff and the two of its first deputy. Commander-in-chief of ABS of the Warsaw Treaty and Head of the OVS Staff, all four "Supreme Commanders", all commander of troops (in Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia and Hungary), all fleet communities, all commander of military districts. In some cases (this is especially related to the command of military districts) the commander was replaced three times ... It is difficult to say how far the wave of cleaning swept on the official ladder, but it probably reached at least the level of the division command, and perhaps, went and lower"...
Taking into account so crushing consequences, it can be assumed that the flight of the West German lover pilot was not at all a boyish prank, but a skillfully disguised spy mission to study the rocket hazard directions and the schedule of duty of the radar means of the Soviet air defense.
- There is no doubt that the flight of Rusta was a carefully planned provocation of Western special services, - The author of the word of the army of Peter Deinekin, the commander-in-chief of the Russian Air Force in 1991-1997 leads to the word - And, most importantly, this special operation has been carried out with the consent and knowledge of individuals from the then leadership of the Soviet Union. On this sad thought about internal betrayal, the fact that immediately after the landing of Rusta on Red Square began unprecedented cleaning of the highest and middle general general. As if expelly waited for a suitable reason.
- At that time, I was the commander of the anti-aircraft missile troops of the USSR air defense forces and turned out to be called, on the edge of events, - remembers another direct participant of those events - colonel-General Rasim Acurin, Brother of the famous cardiologist Renat Akchurina. - At that time, I checked the Leningrad Army Air Defense in the Baltic States. If Rusta was shot down, I assure you, even his fragments would not be possible. But we did not have the right to fill it, could only force to land. To put it, however, it did not work out, because the fighters and the ruled airplane had too different speeds. But Rusta was accompanied, and our cars flew over him.
- I believe that it was a brilliant operation developed by Western special services, - Igor Morozov believes, the former Colonel KGB, a participant in the war in Afghanistan. - 25 years later, it becomes obvious that the West (and this is no longer a secret for anyone) managed to bring to the implementation of the grandiose project of persons from the nearest environment of Gorbachev, and the reaction of the Secretary-General of the CPSU Central Committee was calculated with one hundred percent accuracy. And the goal was alone - behead the Armed Forces of the USSR.
Such sad facts brought military journalist Evgeny Kirichenko in their publication.
In the morning May 28, 1987 At Malma Airport, near Helsinki, Matias Rust prepared for the departure of his Cessna-172R monoplan, on which he flew from Hamburg for the day before. In flight documents, the end point of the route was to be Stockholm.
IN 13.10 By receiving permission, Matthias made a rise and headed by the planned route. After 20 minutes of the flight, Rust reported to the dispatcher that his order was on board and traditionally said goodbye. After that, turning off the onboard radio station, the plane turned into the direction of the Finnish Bay and began to decline to the height of 80-100 m. This planned maneuver was to provide a reliable output of the aircraft from the control zone of the dispatch radar and hide the true flight route. At this height, Matthia went to the calculation point of the Finnish bay near the airway Helsinki-Moscow. Turning the plane towards the first ground reference point on the coast of the Soviet Union (the slate combine of Kohtla-Järve with his smokes, which are visible for 100 kilometers) and verify the readings of the radio compass with the calculated, Matyas lay on the "combat course". Weather on this flight site was favorable: cloudiness - layered-cumulative, 4-5 points; Wind - northwest, 5-10 meters per second; Visibility is at least 15-20 kilometers. So the first phase of the flight of the institution of the institution began.
IN 14.10 Over the territorial waters of the Soviet Union by duty radar rotary (P-15 radar) near the Estonian village of Loks, an unidentified light-engine aircraft was discovered, which was approaching the coastal line. According to the instructions, the air facility was assigned another number and a sign of the "Flight Violation", since at that time there were no applications for flights in this area of \u200b\u200bsmall aviation. The course of the aircraft almost coincided with the direction of the lively airway Helsinki-Moscow, where there were several aircraft in the upper echelons of the airspace.
The calculation of the command paragraph of the 14th division of the air defense system began to clarify and analyze the air situation. It was decided: until the situation "Up" cannot be issued to complete the situation. Over the territory of Estonia at this moment there were at least 10 light-engine aircraft of various departmental accessories. None of them was equipped with a system of state identification. At the command points of parts and duty units of the 14th division were caused by replacement.
Already at this stage, the consequences of the dismemberment of the Unified System for the Civil Air Force Management System began to appear. Previously, an indispensable condition for the functioning of the air defense system was the presence of direct and reliable communication channels with civil dispatchers of the air traffic control system. Information on targets for higher command items was issued almost with the first sex. Now instead of direct communication channels there was a network of switches, which literally "eaten" precious time. The "Holy Border Principle" was violated: the immediate issuance of information on the target until the situation is clarified.
This is evidence that in five years of stay of the 14th FFO (KP - G. Tallinn) as part of the priba, the necessary knowledge and skills of the work of settlements in extreme conditions were lost, which were worked out for years of permanent studies and training. And B. this moment (28.5.1987) The level of preparation of calculations did not comply with the conditions of the developing air situation. This sad fact spoke in the future the chain response of serious errors on other levels of management.
Within 19 minutes, the calculation was unsuccessfully trying to figure out the folding air situation, and the Rusta plane, meanwhile, approached the Church of the Lake. IN 14.27 The commander of the 656th Fighter Aviation Regiment (Tapa), appreciating the situation, his decision was raised into the air a couple of MiG-23 fighters with a task to overlap the border, to another - visually identify the violator of the flight mode. And here it took the time to agree with the controllers of the ATC to admit the fighter to the search area, since the actions of the air defense forces were carried out in the zone of the air route.
IN 14.28 It turns out that there is no civilian aircraft of small aviation in this area. IN 14.29 Operational duty officer of the 14th dpm has decided to assign the "combat number" to the violator of 8255, about issuing information "upstairs" and the announcement of readiness No. 1.
So at the command clause of the 6th Army air defense, information about the goal of 8255. Commander of the 6th OA Air Defense General General Hermann Kromin transferred to readiness number 1 All compounds and parts of the 54th to air defense. Commanders of the three anti-aircraft missile divisions 204th SIRP (N.P. Kerstovo), who were on the route of the flight Rusta, reported that the goal is observed and ready for launch missiles..
In the meantime, due to an unexpected disappearance from the screen of the dispatch radar of the airport, Malma marks from the aircraft, the dispatcher tried to contact Matias Rust. After several unsuccessful attempts, the plane was declared a disaster and rescuers sent to the intended area of \u200b\u200bfall. Searches continued for several hours. Later from Matias, about 100 thousand dollars for "services rendered" will contribute.
At 14.30 on the route of the Cessna-172R flight, the weather deteriorated sharply. The wind intensified, the lower edge of the solid cloudiness dropped to 70-100 meters, the visibility fell to 600-700 meters, the rain began to drizzle. Matthias decided to leave with a decline under the lower edge of the clouds and change the course to the area of \u200b\u200bthe spare reference: the railway unit Art. Bottom. In this direction, visibility was better.
During this maneuver, in 14.30 (just a minute after receiving the first target data) on the command paragraph 6 of the air defense army the goal was lost. However, the route in the automated system continued to exist. In accordance with TTX, the system supports the track, its number and all motion parameters for almost two minutes. And if at least one report about the goal goes in this time interval, the accompaniment of the goal is not interrupted. This is the result of many years of work designers, military scientists and tests ACS. It was originally thought - to avoid random losses of the tracks of air objects.
The loss of radar contact with the Rust aircraft occurred at the junction of the responsibility of two air defense compounds - the 14th d airflow and the 54th to the air defense, where the coherence of calculating command items plays an important, if not a decisive role. IN 14.31 The goal appeared on the radar screens of one of the radar mouth, but already 20 km west of the former route of the 8255 target on the maximum altitude. This made it difficult to see her sustainable observation. Information on it was decided not to issue no interference in a complex already atmosphere. Moreover, the goal came out of the radar company detection zone and was part of the responsibility zone of the neighboring connection.
Ten minutes earlier, at 14.21, in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Chief of Lake on the screens of the radar, there was a mark with the direction of movement: Gdov-Small Vishera. At 14.24, information on this purpose began to issue "upstream". From 14.25, the mark began to be observed unstable, and at 14.28 the support of the aircraft was discontinued. In 14.31, the same unit detects the target with the previous parameters, but is issued "upstairs", as it should be, with another number.
And this thief is combined in time and space. Even a prepared person, looking at the schema - the result of a detailed multi-day analysis - it is difficult to understand what happened then, 18 years ago (Article 2005), in heaven and on earth.
And the following happened. IN 14.31 As a result of the configuration analysis of the situation, it is decided that the goal of 8255 has changed the course by 60 °. By entering a complicated correction in computer, the calculation made the "automatic" to believe it. Divisions received new target designation, but the target 8255 did not find it. From now on, as it turned out during the investigation, the system instead of the target 8255 was accompanied by a long-lived meteorological object (or their dense group).
Here are some explanations. In the middle of the 1970s, when powerful high-precantial locators began to enter the RTV of the PTV, already during their polygon tests began to be detected with the motion parameters, commensurate with the characteristics of light-engine aircraft. They were jokingly dubbed "echo angels." This phenomenon caused serious difficulties in automated processing of information. If even the operator of them poorly distinguish, how to teach "automatic" to work without errors? There was no longer before laughter.
During serious studies and mass of experiments, it was found that the RLS due to the high radiating potential can observe specific meteorological objects. These are vortex formations that are formed from vertical ascending air flows, especially with a noticeable temperature difference on the border of earth and water surfaces. This phenomenon is very typical for the spring period in medium latitudes and when driving a powerful warm front. Physics of the sources of energy of such vortices (with a long existence in the atmosphere), not yet fully studied. In addition, seasonal migration of dense flocks of birds creates a very similar effect.
RLS operators needed assistance in recognizing objects of this class. For the controls of the air defense troops, detailed techniques and instructions were developed.
The re-accompanied target 8255 had a height of 1200 m, an average speed of 85 km / h. Significant changes in the target parameters during just one minute did not alarmed the calculation and remained without due attention. Obviously, in this episode, operators clearly did not have enough qualifications. It was rather not their fault, but a poor system. After all, the calculations made to combat duty will hand over the appropriate tests and exams. So someone did not learn them in due time. Perhaps, the consequences of the loss of professional personnel during the reform of the country's air defense troops in 1978
IN 14.36 The pilot of the MiG-23 fighter Senior Lieutenant Puffern (Tapa airfield) discovered the Matthian Rusta plane and reported: "In the ruptures of the clouds, I watch a sports jacket of the Yak-12 type with a dark strip on board." Visual contact was short-term due to dense cloudiness. More to detect Matias plane failed. During the investigation, Ruste asked the question: "Have you seen a fighter?" Matthias replied: "Yes, I saw and even greeted him, but he did not serve any signals, but my radio station was turned off." The report of the Pilot MiG-23 was adopted, but remained without attention. It was considered that a detected aircraft belongs to one of the local airlubs, where at this time planned flights were carried out.
IN 15.00 The decision of the commander of the 6th Army Air Defense from the Gromo airfield was raised into the air, a duty pair of fighters with a task to establish the type and state activity of the target 8255. On the route of the flight goal the weather did not please. The warm front moved to the southeast. Cloudy solid, rain sites, the lower edge of the clouds of 200-400 meters, the top edge is 2500-3000 meters. The search was carried out within 30 minutes. To descend into the clouds, fighters were banned, it was too dangerous. Reports were reported to the anti-aircraft missile divisions that the goal of 8255 was not detected on the new target designation. IN 15.31 The commander of the army was decided - purpose 8255 is a dense flock of birds. This was reported to the CCP air defense troops.
However, in the current methods and instructions contained the necessary information about which types of birds and at what time of day can fly in the fog and clouds, and under what circumstances a dense flock can change the direction of flight. If you are guided by these recommendations, the Rusta Plane could not have identified from the birds of birds.
TO 15.00 Matthias approached the railway node Art. Bottom. The weather has improved by this time. Above the intersection point railways Matias again changed the course and now no longer changed it to Moscow.
IN 15.05 The airplane Rusta has already been within the limits of responsibility of the air defense accident compound of the Moscow Air Defense District - 2nd Air Defense Corps (Rzhev). His route passed through the aeronautical aircraft aircraft of the Air Force, where the planned flights were walking. In the air was simultaneously up to 12 fighters. At 15.00, in accordance with the schedule, the code of the state identification system has changed. Since this process (technically, only switching a toggler) is performed by carriages in air and calculations on Earth, this procedure takes for a while. As a rule, no more than one or two minutes.
In this case (with the EAP Fighters of the Air Force), the process was delayed in unabled to a long time. With a higher command item, they demanded immediately deal with the situation, since five of the twelve fighters began to be accompanied by a system without recognition signal "I am my own plane". The system in this case provides recommendations on the change of current numbers on the "combat" and prepares data for the target designation of anti-aircraft missile divisions and aircraft guidance points. Calculation of the Calculation Command Point Communication Tried to contact the head of the Flights of the IAP to give the command to the fascinated young pilot on the change of code. Due to the lack of direct communication channels, it was possible to do only after 16 minutes.
In the Moscow district police district at this time, the commanders and personnel were waiting for a planned check of duty forces with the participation of control purposes. The essence of such an inspection is as follows. According to a predetermined and agreed plan on one of the aircraft in the air, the system of state identification is turned off. The verification manager declares this goal of the control. It is assigned a "combat" number and carry out all the necessary actions of the duty forces with the analysis and assessment of the assessment on the materials of objective control.
In order not to make an additional task in the air situation, the operational duty team of the compound gave the command to the head of the calculation of the unit automation system: "Assign to all fighters a sign" I am my own plane ". On the objection of the officer, that such instructions are contrary to the instructions, they are removed from nonsense. Combat duty. In the end, the young lieutenant performs the team. Matthias plane is also assigned a sign "I am my own plane". So in 15.10 Rust, not suspecting, temporarily received a legal registration in the airspace of the USSR.
TO 16.00 , in the area of \u200b\u200bOstashkov, Matthias aircraft entered the foundation zone of the next route of the RTV division and lost temporary registration. The information on the aircraft was again issued without a sign "I am my own plane". Again, a long clarification of the situation and again assigning the necessary feature and further flight legalization.
Matthias at that time was 40 kilometers west of the city of Torzhok, where the air crash occurred on the eve. Two aircraft collided in the air - Tu-22 and MiG-25. There are several groups of rescuers and investigating specialists in the fall of the machine fragments of cars. To the crash site, people and cargo were delivered by the aircraft of the aviation part in the city of Torzhok. One helicopter was in the air as a connected repeater. IN 16.30 Matthias plane was identified with a coalcast machine. Therefore, no concern of Rust in this area did not cause anyone.
Air situation in the detection zone of the next unit, which entered the Mathias plane, was also intense. Here fought with the notorious long-lived meteorological objects. They were observed on the screens of radar indicators for 40 minutes (and several objects simultaneously). All objects moved to the southeast. Here Rust again fell "under the amnesty" - was removed from the maintenance as a meteorological object. It was already at the exit from the division detection zone.
However, at the command paragraph, they noticed the exchange rate difference of this route from previously discharged from the maintenance of air objects. IN 16.48 The decision of the commander of the 2nd Air Flight Corps was raised by two duty fighters from the Rzhev airfield with the task - to search for small aviation aircraft or other aircraft southeast. It was believed that the alertness during the planned check would not be superfluous. Search results did not give.
IN 17.40 Matthias Airplane fell into the zone of action of Radarov of the Moscow Aerozem. It seriously threatened air traffic safety in the Moscow Aviation Zone. In terms of the plane, did not flow down, carried out flights with violations of the flight rules in the zone, there was no connection with the crew. Before finding out the situation, the Sheremetyevo Airport Administration stopped receiving and sending passenger liners. This fact is funds mass media At that time, for some reason they attributed some kind of riddle, right up to the preliminary sentence of Sheremetyevo with Rust.
When coordinating the plan of joint actions, with the command of the Moscow Circulation, the air defense was decided that the civil aviation administration itself would cope with the violator of the flight regime. But when they found that the violator was already in the area of \u200b\u200bthe city feature of Moscow, where the flights are generally prohibited, something or how to do it later.
IN 18.30 Matthias Airplane appeared over the Khodyan field and continued to fly to the city center. Deciding that it is impossible to land on the Ivanovo Square of the Kremlin, Matias made three unsuccessful attempts to land on Red Square. The size of the latter allowed to do this, but a lot of people were on the parsing. And, as Matias himself said on the investigation, "Although I was signaling, turning on the landing lighting and swaying with wings, tourists on the square did not understand me."
After that, Rust accepted a risky decision - landed at Moskvoretsky Bridge. Deployed over the hotel Russia, Matias began a decline over the street a large Ordina, taking the landing lights. The captain of the traffic police in order to avoid accidents on the bridge included the red light of the traffic light. Landing on the Matthias Bridge performed masterfully, if we consider that he had a sniper to get into the area between adjacent transverse stretching of the contact trolleybus network. It happened in 18.55 . Having twisted to the Pokrovsky Cathedral and turning off the engine, Matias came out of the plane in a new red overalls, put the pads under the chassis and began to distribute autographs.
It is impossible not to shed light to two more myths that have arisen at that time. Someone from love researchers, putting a ruler to the map, wondered: why the route with a length of 850 kilometers at the average aircraft speed 220 km / h Matias overcame in 5 hours 50 minutes? Consequently, he should have landed for 1 hour 30 minutes earlier. Immediately the version appeared that Rust had landed somewhere and maybe even not alone. Someone remembered that he saw him at Helsinki Airport before departure in jeans and green shirt, and he left his plane in Moscow in a red overalls. Consequently, changed clothes during the landing.
In fact, everything was much easier and prosaic. The distance that Matias overcomed on its Cessna-172R was 1220 kilometers, the average flight speed, given the variable high-altitude profile, 210 km / h. At the exit we have - 5 hours 50 minutes. It is in strict accordance with the materials of objective control. By the way, after landing the fuel in the tanks, the Rusta aircraft remained another two hours of flight. So Matthias did not care about saving fuel.
With a red overalls even easier. Preparing the plane to the departure in Helsinki, neat Matias was afraid to stain a new jumpsuit specially acquired for this flight. Rust walked over his jeans and shirt, which before departure shot. He carried the flight in a new beautiful jumpsuit. After all, he (in his opinion) flew to Moscow as a messenger of the world.
During the flight of Rusta, there were various kinds of random events and their most bizarre shifting. Any of them could lead to the termination of the flight or change its goals. Only one example is a dangerous thunderstorm front at the beginning of the flight of Rusta might have been radically changed. However, this did not happen - the flight conceived by Matias was successful.
EFFECTS
Among the causes of Matias Rusta, two versions were dominated at one time. The first one was that the flight was planned by the West to help Mikhail Gorbachev to carry out a personnel reform in the highest echelons of the USSR Armed Forces and remove the conservative leadership of the army headed by Marshal Sokolov. The second version qualified the flight of Rusta as an intelligence. Both versions are too elegant to be true. The second immediately disappeared during the investigation.
What else revealed during the investigation? Obviously became a serious imperfection of the legal basis for the actions of the duty forces of the military air defense for the country. In fact, DS became hostages of serious miscalculations of politicians and senior officials of the Ministry of Defense. An insurmountable contradictions arose between the tasks assigned to air defense troops, and the limited rights of the governing staff in the use of forces and funds. Among other things, there was no criteria for assessing the actions of their troops in extreme situations. In many ways, troubles are rooted in an ill-conceived and unprofessional reorganization of air defense troops in 1978. It is possible to declare with full grounds - if it were not for 1978, there would be no events on May 28, 1987
After the flight of Rusta, the guilty were found almost immediately. Three Marshal Soviet Union and about three hundred and officers were removed from their posts. Two of them are condemned. The army did not know such a personnel rode from 1937. People came to the leadership of the Armed Forces and the species of Sun, as an order (or even two) inferior to their vocational and moral qualities of the marchs and generals. According to many experts, the degradation of the USSR Armed Forces began after the flight of Rusta. In many ways it was associated with the qualities of new appointees.
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Matias Rust. Airfield - Kremlin
May 28, 1987of the year the USSR celebrated Border Guard Day.IN 18
watch 43
minutes Moscowtime Op Red Square flew little private Plane, manageable Matias Rust, "Cessna-172P". Having done now couple calls over the square, the plane turned around and landed on Moskvoretsky Bridge. From the cockpit came out dressed in redoveralls 19-Tylenapilot –
citizen FRG, Matias Rust.When a crowd survived him and began to ask from He flew, it turned out that he flew, a little, a lot because of Borders. When the news of the border is nailed to governments of our country flare softspeaking , big scandal.This news in the media all Mira for a long timebecomes Number one number one.
May 28, 1987soviet year PVAin 14 the clock detects NAD Finnishbay Several goals. Oneof goalsfirst headed to K. soviet border Then turned on north.IN 14 watch 20 minutes againappeared New goal. Anxiety It was announced through 15 minutes , when the goal is over Soviet territory. Matias Rust.railing the border the USSR on the Supermala heightnear Estonian administrative border jointand RSFSR. Then started sharply take the heightthat decrease.IN 14 watch 48 minute Commander Separate 6th Army Air defense, crommingot a report from duty that in 14 watch 46 minutes B. 25-T.kilometers Weest Narva,in the village of Village Silmyedetected Unidentified goal.Plane Matias Rustawas discovered already on Our territory And he was adopted NOTper border Violatorand for Flight Violator !? Krominapprove , what NOTit was Even conversationsabout Border Violator He did not sit on RED SQUARE!?Laying 17 years Matias Rust said that if he Thought About seriousness consequences this flight then never on him Did not dare.
Matias Rustbegan his flight from the capital Finland, Helsinkiin 13 watch 21 minute by Moscowof time . Destination, by plan Flight was Stockholm. Through 20 minutes after takeoff spent extreme Radiocommunication Sessionturned off everything Radios, except radio compasses.And sent the plane through Finnishbay soviet border. On this day in the area weest Narva Militaryconducted jumpingfrom parachute (look an article "Gleb Evgenievich Kotelnikov"). Matias Rust flew from the same speedas "An-2". Military tried to understand that, in the sky ? Can, lost aloneof corn? IN 14 watch 50 minutes from the airfield Air Defense, TAPA took off fighter "MiG-23". The fighter pilder was tasked - Find out - what, Located in the sky ? It found out and passed on the radio that height 600.meters flying helicopter!?Then MiG-23. done repeated on the target And then passed that it is small airplane type Yak-12. Commanding Separate 6tharmy Air defense, crommingave the team to rise Second MiG-23and before lovedin Combat readinessat the course following all duty anti-aircraft-rockettroops I. Additional stations of radio engineering troops.
Cessna - 172p
Matias Rustastill, took for Foughtfrom Course helicopteror PLANE??? Matias Rustselected plane for your flight exactly "Cessna-172p » because of the big Street rangeflights . On the aircraft W. Matyas Rusta Ne. It was No additional fuel tanks. The plane had only serial fuel tanks, Located in standard Mesal – in Wings. Capacity standardfuel tanks on this type of aircraft – more 235-T.lithrov . It was enough for more , than on 8-hourflight Without landing.Respectively creament distance Flights on this aircraft is at least 1 500 kM . Matias Rust.on the path of the following Not landedand Did not refuel. Before departure from Helsinki, Matias Rustrequired your aircraft UNDERself TRAFFIC JAMS.After landing on Red Squarehe has left fuel More 2.5 hoursflights .
IN 13 watch 58 minutes finnishair traffic management services lostplane Matias Rustaon the screens of locators. Finnishsalvation services went to search for aircraft Matias Rustain estimated place Falling the aircraft. In that expectedthe place of falling on the surface of the sea turned out to be oil stain. After landing Matias Rustaexperts carefully examined the aircraft and Dali categorical conclusion that this plane Impossibleshow no barreland even more so throw outits from this type of aircraft during Flights. Accordingly, long walking in the Baltic oil stain nothad no relation to Matias Rusta.After searching and rescue work finnish salvation servicesat first put Matias Rustathe score is 120,000 dollars For these works. But then, when steel Known detailsthis incident when they heard – What, Matias Rustspoke in court about Motivationyour flight then came to Perfect delightand Refusedfrom their requirements.
Plane Rustacontinued his flight. In the course of the move Matias Rustenough actively maneuver But mostly heightand speedflights . Places he climbed height to 2 km, But mostly he flew on heights 100-200.meters , And Beed I. below 100.meters . Places he did some breaks, But tried to adhere to the specified course. Oneof fighters C. Matias Rustaon the distance 700.meters . The pilot reported to see planetype Yak-12.Then the fighter flew nearerand disappeared. Matias Rustthought , that now it shot from behind.Some time passed, but this Did not happen. Then the Soviet fighter approached Matias Rustayet nearer, flew I. disappeared at all. Was low cloudyand cuddling K. Little, slowflying the airplane fighter MiG-23 could not.
Cessna 172p. View from the cockpit of pilots
Suddenly the goal unexpectedly disappeared from ground-based locator screens PVAand Mig. Through 3 minutes after disappearance in 14 watch 55 minutes targetagain Appearedon the screens of locators. In the air raised more couple fighters. New pair of fighters the goal does not see.Join C. Matias Rustomin radio negotiations It was impossiblebecause he turn off the radioon your aircraft. Subsequently, he explained it by the fact that afraid what if radiowith him will be affordable then it Can not resist Nazhim Soviet air defenseto land earlier,than he intended.IN 15 watch Matias RustpC Pskov. IN Pskov Areas at this time pass few teachings, And the aircraft Matias Rusta Gets designation "Your"!?About 1st hour "Your"flies on southeast. IN 16 hours he is already near Lake Seliger. There is a zone of responsibility other air defense unit And the aircraft Matias Rustaloses code "His". Military again I had to decide - WHAT, this is for the aircraft and whatwith him do?
Here you need to remember the case 1983 year by Far East(see the article "Korean Boeing 1983").Then, there was suck passenger plane – "South Korean Boeing". After this incident on Far East For troops Air defense released Hard order - shoot down over ours territory, in the event of a border violation, Only militaryaircraft. BUT Civicand Transport airplanes, in case of violation of the border, Just forcedto Landing on the ours territory.
Plane Matias Rustapassed from one zone of responsibility PVA to the other and no one so I. Did not fulfillorder Planning a violator.IN 16 watch 6 minutes of the plane Matias Rustaover easternshore Seliger.At this time on Radars highlight 6 more points -this is Vortex streams.Together with them the aircraft Matias Rustagets designationas - "meteorological formation".Next, at the city Barrel Matias Rustahelped back one case. On the eve in the area crashed , from collision with each other Two military aircraft. There was in the sky many helicopters Performing search and rescuework. Plane Matias Rustaaccepted by , another search helicopter.IN 17 watch 11 minutes Matias Rustenters the responsibility zone PVA Moscowregion . Here he gets designation as – "Violated the flight mode of the Soviet helicopter" ??? In the air raise another fighter. Due to thick clouds He is the same NOT manage to approach enough near distance, to determine - WHAT,per an object Located in the sky.
Cessna 172p. Cabin pilots
IN 18 watch 30 minute object crosses the outskirts of Moscownear Khodan field.To this moment Matias Rust flew more than 700.kM . K. Red Square, Matias Rusti saw a large square Cluster of the people. May 28.notes holiday "Border Guard Day".He did a couple of circles above the square and realized that on Self Self land him Will not succeed. After that, he saw next to Red Square, Moskvoretsky Bridge, determined that on him you can land and committed him Landing. After landing on the bridge remained Stripfrom Chirking tires. Then he rolled down bridge down. Traffic cop standing at this time at the end bridge Seeing landing by bridge plane, blocked in advance car movement, then wandshowed Matyas Rusta Direction Where to turn. Matias Rustturned on Vasilyevsky descent And there stopped.
With this Moskvoretsky bridge Someone is connected detective story.The fact is that at the moment when Matias Rustlanded by Moskvoretsky Bridge, on it was only 3 wires, stretched across – in beginningin middleand B. end of the bridge. He flew over first then divedunder second And landed. When in court September 4th Photos were shown Moskvoretsky bridge, It was already much more wires, stretched across. Judge asked Matyas Rusta: "How You were able to plant a plane between so thickhanging wires? " Matias Rustanswered : « During it landingon the Bridge N.it was so much wires. "Then it turned out that moscow authority after landing Matyas Rusta, during 1-2 daysin Haste, nightput on it bridge many columns and stretched between them wires.
Cessna 172p. Dashboard
Peopleon the square did not immediately understand \u003d What, occurred. The crowd survived the pilot and the aircraft. First, people thought , what remove the movie.Then the people began to ask – who Pilot I. from He flew. Matias Rustanswered on all questions.In question B. KGB first question given to him was : « You intentionflew in Border Guard Day? " Matias Rustreplied that did not even know About such a holiday. Investigation began - who this german young man - Scout, provocateuror simply psycho. KGBESHNIK Began to find out – As is enough young piloti was able to do this, in general, Not a simple flight.In the course of the investigation, it turned out that Matias Rust at home Motherland in Germany Passed very much Not bad Fly school! Learning to the latrate case he began in 18 Tilenteage . Instructor, who trained Matias Rusta a latched case noted that he possessed noticeably big abilities in learning a flying case than other cadets! Beforehis famous Flights Matias Rust already possessed pretty good pilot qualities And even had pretty serious pilot experience! For example, he flew perfectly Alonein Icelandand back. Clarify that the flight in Iceland happens for the most part above Ocean.Over no oceannic Landmarks - one solidequal water.Flight goes onlyby Instruments. In flight Nad. pilot ocean The capacity of the pilot is manifested in Highly!
However make your flight Matias Rustahelped not only his pilot abilities. During the investigation KGBESHNIKfound out that in flight Matias Rustused A completely secret card. On this map were indicated secret Military Objects, Secret Airfieldsand secret air defense zones - in which appear in the air absolutely forbidden. If you appear in the air in this zone that withoutall sorts Requests - who are you - get a rocket. Matias Rustcarefully bypassed these zones. When KGBESHNIK learned — Where Matias Rusttook this card, then they were to put it mildly, surprised. First they thought that this map Rustapresented any of the foreign intelligence But it turned out that soviet full secret air defense cardcan Buy freelyby a similar pricein USA -in ordinary Post firm.First Matyas Rasta did not believe And thought , what Rustthem deceive But then they went to USA By specified Address and acquired The same mapby A small price.
Cessna 172p. Lufthansa airline. School of training pilots
During the trial of law enforcement agencies with Matias Rust held a meeting in the highest the leadership of the country. The government of the country wanted find out - asthat Could have happened.The reports of the highest military leadership were heard. They were uncertainand mandated. The government concluded that this is ordinary Russian extension. May 30 Was sent B. resignation Minister of Defense of the USSR, Sergey Leonidovich Sokolov,followed by resignation gSC command of the air defense, Alexander Ivanovich Koldov and the Commander of the Air Force, Alexander Nikolaevich Efimov.Plus, almost almost 250 generalsand officers. 30 military servicemen PVA K. was attracted disciplinary responsibility. Pronounced before the court 2 officers,who were on that day on battle duty. They received 4 and 5 years imprisonment but less than through 1 year of them let's release. By this two arrogesclaimed Not acceptance Decision K. Destruction Violator – Matias Rusta.This case clearly and convincingly showed that the country NOT READYto Protection yourselfas well as before Great Patriotic War ???
Soon after flight Matias Rustasomething similar happened in Paris. A B. 1994 year B. Washington On the same plane, the pilot tried to land on lawnbefore White house. Yes, V. France and B. USA Such cases also took place, but there NOTwere Shot ministers of defense. Americansand French people preferred , First of all, strengthen Radar service.IN THE USSR, After this incident, provided Helicoptersfor Air defensereplaced Radio equipmentprovided "MiG-29"for aviation air defense.
In Soviet Union Matias Rusta sudiliby 3marticles . First - illegal violation of the state border. Second - Violation of international flight rules (before 10 years ). Third - malicious hooliganism. Matias Rustreceived 4 of the year general mode But, out Lefortovo.noway did not moveand to the same time he had some privileges. For example, he had 2 Mattress I. 2 Pillows. Foodhe had at all Not prison.Every day after 16 oN. gully in prison garden. In this garden allowed to walk far Not all Residents Lefortovo. Officially He could walk in the garden 1 hour , but remons could be in the garden and 2 hours . First glass of water, which he got in prison it was glass of tea. Having tried it Matias Rust I felt strong Taste chlorineand thought What they want poisonbut he was explained , what Moscow water.strong Chlorianand water in all Moscowsuch .
IN foreignpress , At that time, articles often appeared that jacob over Matias Rustom In prison sophisticated Mock. To relieve such accusations Soviet authorities regularlyconducted Checkscondition Camera Conditions Number 34 and everythingremoved by Camera. Extremesuch a check passed July 20, 1988of the year . IN Lefortovo Matias Rustcured OT. hay fever Which he sick. From his experiences appeared gastritis, And he was prescribed medicines. Got rid of Allergies. Passed one tooth. Osidev 14 months August 3, 1988of the year Matias Rust Was releasedfrom prison. Rustleave home B. Germany.Leshen all flight rights. CRIMINAL CASE, Head at him on Motherland is discontinued.
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