Island of Great Tyuters in Finnish Bay. War Reserve: Journey to Tyuters Island

Big Tyuters (Fin. Tytärsaari; Swede Tyterskär; Est. Tütarsaar - Daughter Island) - russian island In the central part of the Gulf of Finland, located 75 km from the coast of Finland and southeast of Gogland. Part of Kingisepp district Leningrad region. Island Area - 8.3 sq. Km.

The island of Great Tyuters in the Gulf of Finland, after the war they also called the "Island of Death". People continued to die there in the 1950s, and in the 1960s.

Finns and Germans captured the archipelago located in the very center of the Gulf of Finland, even at the beginning of the Great Patriotic. The islands of Gogland and Big Tyuters at the same time had an exceptional value. After all, they are right on the Farvater, according to which the military and civil courts are also coming in those years. The island of Gogland then ranked Finns, and on the Big Tuiters there was a headquarters group of Germans and a large garrison. There is also a powerful battery to combat soviet fleet. It is quite clear that the fascists preparing for a serious battle brought a huge amount of ammunition on the island. In addition, some time of the projectiles were made right there. In a hurry leaving the island, the Germans could not take the accumulated arsenal. They entered insidiously - mined the territory of the island, turning it in fact in one big mine. Soviet paratroopers landed on Tyuters in the summer of 1944 came to this terrible trap.

To deminate the strengthening and territory of the mined island was tried repeatedly and immediately after the war, and then, in the 1950s. At the same time, a lot of sappers died. In order not to destroy people, the island decided to simply not touch. At the same time, a lighthouse appeared on Turatres, which still works. The population of the mined island still consists of one person - Leonid Kudinov's hermit, which is the very lighthouse and serves. Lighthouse caretaker lives on a small plot of land, gets everything necessary from a large land and does not risk separating away from home. After all, any careless step can become the last ...

It is quite clear that the ammunition on the ill-fated island was found. It is not even necessary to look for them. In the dugouts, in warehouses, in the open area and underground are thousands of shells, mines, rolling checkers. Next to them can be seen and the German guns standing around 60 years. All this is mined and can take off on the air even at easy impact.

In 2005, the Supres of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia together with the specialists of the Swedish agency of rescue services (ShasS) completed the demining of the island of Big Tyuters in Finnish Bay.
The sappers were found and destroyed on the island of 30 thousand 339 explosive items of the Great Patriotic War.

In the expedition, which began on August 10, together with SPREARS from Sweden participated employees of the 294th Center for rescue operations The special risk of "Leader", the 179th Rescue Center and the North-West Regional Center for EMERCOM of Russia.
In addition to numerous mines, shells and aviation bombs, the sappers of the two countries were found on the island of six minor fortification structures.

Last week, the "Gogland" search expedition sent by the Russian Defense Ministry to the island of Great Tyuters in the Finnish Gulf, loaded several dozen units of German for the landing boats of the Baltic Fleet military equipment and weapons of the Second World War (this is reported by the Internet portal of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation). At the end of the war, the Germans, hastily leaving big tunts, were forced to leave a large amount of heavy weapons, military equipment, ammunition and other property on the island. Among the detected findings of findings are legendary German anti-aircraft guns Flak 18/36 caliber 88 mm, Swedish anti-aircraft gun Bofors L60 and rare models of German artillery trailers.

The island is located to the west of the Baltic coast of Russia, so for the observer from St. Petersburg, the Sun enters the big tyuters
Hodar.ru.

The expedition works on the island from July 15: there are representatives of the All-Russian Public Organization "Russian Geographical Society", the All-Russian Public Movement on the perpetuation of the memory of those killed in the defense of the Fatherland and "search engine of Russia". The total number of expedition is more than 80 people.

In the Finnish bay there are many large and small islands. The fact that on some of them are preserved the ruins of fortification structures and there are remnants of a broken military equipment, it was known for a long time. Scientific expedition "Russian geographical society"(RGO) in 2013 examined the group of external islands and in its reports confirmed these facts. Such islands as Goreland, Small Turats, Big Tyuters, Sommers and Skar, having a strategically significant location, during the war years served as important reference points for the Germans.

Big Tyuters Island (marked red)
Navytech.ru.

The island of Great Tyuters is 180 km to the west of St. Petersburg, has about 2.5 km in the diameter, and its area is approximately 8.3 square meters. km. Big Tyuters Location south Islands Gopland, forming a certain similarity of the gate with him, through which the main seaway is held leading to the ports of St. Petersburg and Vyborg. This is the location of the island defined its role as a place to accommodate coastal batteries. Currently, from the current buildings on the island there is only a lighthouse with a height of 21 m.

Lighthouse of the island of Big Turats serves a caretaker who does not risk far away from him, fearing deadly "surprises" of military pore
smolbattle. Ru

In different years, garrisons were placed on the islands, strengthening with mine harnesses were built and coastal batteries were established, which held the sea paths under the sight. Some of the islands have changed their owners, alternately as the Swedish, then the Finnish, and Russians, and during the Great Patriotic War, some of them were busy with German troops (Big Tyuters held in Germans almost until the end of 1944). The fierce battles in the Finnish bay cost the warring sides of thousands of victims, and the exact number of Soviet soldiers and officers dead here were not established here.

The plot of the first channel about the search expedition to the big tuiters

Not all islands after the end of the war were completely purified from mines and shells, especially those who were in border areas closed to visit. There is reason to believe that besides the old military equipment on the islands, the remains of the soldiers who fell in battles for their liberation may be discovered.

At the end of the war, the Germans, hastily leaving big tyuters, were forced to leave a large amount of heavy weapons, military equipment and ammunition on it. In addition, there remained mine fields and barriers, and in such a large number that Big Tyuters earned a reputation as the "Island of Death", as the servicemen continued to die for many years after the war. In the post-war period on the island, the spermage departments arrived several times (aware of the seven such landings), which were working to deminister territory. In particular, in 2005, the joint expedition of Russian and Swedish sappers worked here, the achievement of more than 30 thousand explosive objects.

Despite all the efforts to deminister Island, Big Tyuters still represents a greater danger to people
Posleduvremeni.ru.

Preparations for the expedition of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation on the islands of the Finnish Bay began in the spring of this year. The reconnaissance expedition "Gogland", consisting of representatives of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, RGO and participants of the search engine, attended the external islands at the end of May and fulfilled a large amount of work: he studied the locality, outlined areas of searches, routes paved, conducted engineering marking, prepared berths and platforms Ways of weapons and military equipment.

Closed to visits the island has become a kind of reserve, retaining weapons and technique of the Second World War
Poludurkoff.net

After the reconnaissance expedition in the first day of July, the Islands laid the landing of the sapper of the sea engineering regiment of Baltflot. Fleet sappers, working on the cards prepared by the reconnaissance expedition, conducted a study of a number of areas, freeing them from explosive items. For a week, the work of the sappers discovered more seven minutes of min, shells and other ammunition that were destroyed by undermining. At the same time, anti-personnel mines, whose fuses were in the activated state of several decades and could be detected at any time.

Among the found military equipment - a lot of valuable samples. In the photo - presumably, automatic anti-aircraft gun Bofors L60 caliber 40 mm
Posleduvremeni.ru.

Specialists of the Russian Ministry of Defense, working on the islands, report that it has already been collected and shipped about two hundred samples of German weapons and military equipment. After delivery to the Great Earth, those found samples that are subject to restoration will be renovated and become exhibits Russian military-historical museums and memorial parks. As reported in a recent interview, Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, restored arms samples and technicians will become exhibits of the Patriot Military Patriotic Park, which it is planned to transport the exposition of some military museums.

Loading finds on the ships of the Baltic Fleet
Military

It is reported that the expedition also found the remains of the soldier of the Red Army, whose name still has to be installed. Work on the island will last until August 14.

The expedition to the big tunts is a time trip, and not in space. From September 18, 1944, when the Germans passed the positions and turned to flight, the island stood as intact - completely covered with gunpowder, shredded sleeves and scued mines

On September 1, 1943, the German patrol discovered a breech in a wire fence. Nearby there was a rubber boat. It was clear that at night on the island of Great Tyuters, where the artillery of the Wehrmacht settled, the Soviet speakers penetrated. The entire garrison was raised by alarm. 800 people fused the modest 8 square meters. Km Islands in search of several saboteurs. Soon their shelter was found: laying, food supply and medicine, cartridges, details from the radio station.

The Germans never managed to catch our soldiers. I had to hastily change the defensive positions and build new fortification facilities. However, according to the onboard magazine of the Soviet submarine M-96, with which the landing landed on Tyuters, back on board the fighters were also not returned. Their fate remained a mystery.

Today on the big tuyers is crowded and noisy. Here, sappers, geologists, volunteers and journalists are working, delusitically push trucks and pickups, takes off and the helicopter sits down. But in the evening, when the twilight appeared on the island, the Twilight is descended, it seems that Soviet intelligence officers are still hiding somewhere nearby, in forest thickets or for the nearest stone. That's because of the hill, brying weapons, the German search group will seem. Time on Big Tyuters as if stopped. The island looks as if the war on it ended only yesterday.

Islands of the Gulf of Finland

Big Tyuters was not always uninhabited. First archaeological finds On the island date back to the VI century. From the XVI century, the island was populated by the peoples of the Finno-Ugric group. Past of the external islands of the Finnish Bay passed the path "from the Varyag in the Greeks". Waters near Big Tyuters had bad fame: piracy flourished here, ships died. Shortly before the beginning of the Second World War on the island there was a Finnish village with a population of more than 400 inhabitants.

Brown dunes

Big Tyuters - small uninhabited island, just 2.5 km in the diameter. FROM west In Kareliansky, sharp rocks were sophisticated. Spread in the east sand dunes. Landscape here reminds Curonian braid, Challenged by photographers. From the crest of Dunes offers a picturesque view, especially at dawn. But the barbed wire cramps come across. You begin to notice the pillars, along which barrier was stretched. Having looked down, you understand: the sand literally mixed with the "straw" of artillery powder and hundreds of sleeves.

On the same dune until last year there was a kind of business card Big Tyuters - 88 mm anti-aircraft gun Flak.aimed at the sky. It was covered with a two-meter layer of sand, one barrel stuck out. Last year, the instrument was dug off, transported to the bay, and from there the boat was sent to the mainland.

If it were not for this sentence and her 15 twin sisters, the war could end much faster. Fervater of the Finnish Bay passes exactly in the middle between Gogland, the largest island Archipelago, and big tuiters. In March 1942 after almost three months of the heroic defense of Goreland, the squad of the Red Army teams, without receiving reinforcements from the mainland, was forced to retreat. Gopland occupied Finns, Big Tyuters - Germans. Attempts to return the islands were not crowned with success, and the sea exit from the blockade Leningrad was closed. Coastal artillery did not allow the surface ships to leave the bay, and the stretched networks and mine barrage were not allowed to pass by submarine.

In 1944, when Finland signed a peace treaty with the USSR, Big Tyuters was hastily left by the Germans. Leaving, they mined the island and blew almost everything that could represent at least some value.

What is there to talk! It was all spoiled, everything that the fascists had had time to get, "the volunteers sigh, showing the ridiculous bucket," and this you have not seen the boilers of field kitchens. We will be taken out with garbage. The Germans were chosen inside grenades. Nothing left.

"Gifts" under the legs

Weapons, ammunition details, household items and personal items soldiers - all this usually becomes mining of "black diggers". The Islands of the Gulf of Finnish Bay for amateur search engines are practically unacceptable. We traveled to the big tunts on a helicopter. The landing site on the island, of course, no, but for the Military Mi-8 is not a problem: it sits on the cleared Pyatak right next to the army tents. A little indeed - camp. RGO tents are bright, tourist, not so big as the military. There is nothing like the road too. For working points, soldiers and volunteers are delivered by army trucks. In the role of high-speed transport increased comfort - Pickups Volkswagen Amarok..

On the ground sandy shore is equipped with a pontoon berth for a landing boat. Near it is a mountain of rusty cylinders. In Germany, each artillery projectile was stored and transported in a separate metal tube (the Red Army was transported ammunition in wooden boxes). These tubes are somewhat hundreds here, and only tens of thousands of their island. In the same pile, curls of barbed wire, debris, not subject to restoration of technology.

All this volunteers collected for the day of stay on the island. They have to stay here for a month. And this is just one of the stages of the Gopland comprehensive expedition, which lasts the fifth year.

If not counting Anklava Kaliningrad, the external islands of the Finnish bay are the most western point of our country. You can say, the threshold, "says Major General Valery Kudinsky. - This is our home, and I want to keep it clean. And look at nature. Rusty pieces in this landscape extra.

Clearing the island is not mechanical gathering. Working your head here is more than hands, but you can only make a mistake once.

Quite often, "Gifts" of those times come out of the ground, - complains one of the sappers, - the shells are mainly. Sometimes mines. You'd better do not go for this ribbon yet.

Somehow in the morning we were told about the new find, put in the pickups and brought to the place. Search engines found a surviving weapon warehouse with mines. We held at a respectful distance, while the sappers did their job. After a few minutes, we were invited to come closer. As mines lay on the storage, they had no fuse. The corded blasting devices are destroyed in place, and foreign things are not allowed.

As it turned out, the warehouse was kept S-mines, also known as "frogs". Before exploded, such a mine jumps out of the ground for a height of about a meter, after which 350 metal balls destroy all living on the radius of tens of meters. Somehow without claiming, we all decided not to go with completely explored tracks.

Field work

Expedition "Gogland"

Complex Expedition "Gogland" began work in the fall of 2012. Expedition Actions region - 14 external islands of the Gulf of Finland. The largest one is a gogland of 21 square meters. km, located 180 km west of St. Petersburg. The second largest island is a big tuiters, on it will be the main work in this season. It is also planned to examine the islands of Sirk and Sommers. The team has more than a hundred participants. Among them, the military personnel of the 90th separate special search battalion and experts Russian geographical society: Archaeologists, historians, geologists, environmentalists. Separately, it is worth mentioning volunteers, each of which was the difficult contest of the RGO. It is them that they have to carry out work on the search, identification and restoration of military weapons, the establishment of the personalities of the fighters buried here, as well as cleaning the island from garbage.

Dissolved names

Having arrived at the next platform cleared from the min, we saw the remains of three German servicemen. They were raised to the surface to be reburied in a more affordable place, on a military cemetery near the village of Solnogovka of the Leningrad region. As part of a joint program with the People's Union of Germany, about 55 thousand soldiers of the Wehrmacht have already found their last refuge.

Judging by the preserved fragments of the form, the fighters of Crigsmarine, Luftwaffe and Ground Forces were faced. On the buttons of the sailors depicts anchor, at the pilots - abbreviation LW., the infantry buttons are smooth. Large luck is the find of a well-preserved personal token of the serviceman: for 70 years, many of them have gone too deep into the soil.

Hurry to leaving the big tyuters, the Germans undermined most of the guns. However, a significant part of the weapons remained in excellent condition. In the course of previous expeditions, the restorers were taken out 88 mm anti-aircraft Flak., 20-millimeter Swiss "Erlikona", as well as the rarest minor-caliber anti-aircraft gun "Baques" produced by Switzerland.

Most of the equipment was taken from the island last year, but something else remains. In the most edge picturesque rock A rusty rusty cooler cannon. Massive and unshakable, but devoid of trunk, it resembles a huge lock without a key. Castle from blockade Leningrad.

Echo War

On paper, the war ends with the signing of the capitulation agreement. In fact, everything is much more complicated. Need to bury the dead, collect fragments across the vast country, remove the burden of nature. Need to answer questions.

For example, the head of the "Gogland" expedition, Artem Khutorskaya told us about the aircraft of the Red Army, which, according to archival sources, was shot down over the island. It is already trying to find it for several years. In 2015, duralumin fuselage trim fragments were discovered. Unfortunately, it is impossible for them to determine what it was for the plane and how it was above the big tyuters.

Artem told this story before leaving. After a couple of weeks, news agencies reported: on the island of Big Tuiters found fragments of the Soviet bombard of PE-2 and the names of the crew members were established. The commander Mikhail Cossacks, the arrows-Radioist Arseny Tychchuk and the navigator Mikhail Tkachenko flew to the island on the night from 8 to September 9, 1943. Eight days after disembarking secret interpoups from the submarine M-96.

A big find will give historians new data to work with the archive. Perhaps they will help shed light on the fate of Soviet intelligence officers. Then the answer will appear on this question.

Technics

PE-2.

The most massive pyric bomber produced by the USSR. According to the Soviet tradition, named after the designer Vladimir Petlevakova, but in the army he received a joking nickname "pawn". In Finland, he was called "Pekka-Emely", and on the classification of NATO, the aircraft is called "deer" - Buck..

Flak.

88 mm anti-aircraft gunAlso known as "eight-eight." Due to the high initial speed of the projectile, it was used not only to combat aviation, but also as an anti-tank and anti-religious gun. It is considered the most famous weapon of World War II.

"Erlikon"

20 mm Anti-aircraft gun with speed-fire 450 shots per minute (for comparison: Flak.- Up to 20 shots per minute). It was designed by the German engineer Rhinehold Becker, but was produced in Switzerland: in Germany, the production of many types of weapons was prohibited by the Versailles.

S-mine

Jumping anti-personnel mines was developed on the basis of Schrapnell-Mine. Times of the First World War, Hence the name - S-Mine.. If the old model joined the team from the ground from the remote, the new triggered automatically. Americans nicknamed her "jumper Betty", and the Russians "frog."

Photo: Alamy / Legion-Media, Grigory Polyakovsky (X4), RIA Novosti, Legion-Media (X2), MKFI, Evgeny Loko / RIA Novosti

The editors thanks the company "Volkswagen" for organizing a trip. Amarok is an iron car to whom the teeth are large tunts.

Large Tyuters Island in post-war times, especially in the seventies, called no otherwise as the "island of death." He received such a terrible nickname due to the active work of the Germans - they totally minted its territory. A lot of time passed after the end of the war, but peaceful sappers and researchers die from the diligent work of the fascists. On the island, the conditions and nature that it is time to build sanatoriums and recreation centers, but the war also throws his scary "gifts."

Role

Islands around the world are numerous. Everyone has its own purpose. One of them - paradise corners For recreation, others are shopping harbor or pirate gibbies. Also, the island of Big Tyuters has its own lot. The defense of his enemies from the sea became fate. The war sprouled the island of blood - there were fierce battles. For several centuries, he then went out of one hand to others. Most often it was Russian. Everything passes by him - ships, people seem to be time here 60 years ago. Very few people during this period visited him - mostly were expeditions.

Characteristic of the island

Large Tyuters Island in Finnish Bay is a granite rock, the area of \u200b\u200bwhich is a little more than 8 square meters. km. There are two Cape - Towomarine and Taylonia, an indicator the highest point - 56 meters. The soil is diverse on it, it is associated with many geological and morphological conditions. In addition to naked granite rocks, you can meet places with still on the island unique glacial wells were found - they are also called boilers.

The east coast is characterized by dunes, sparse groups of plants. You can also find a place where there are about 300 species of flora on only one meter. Central part Occupied forests, 10% there are swamps. Among them are very interesting phenomenon Little hanging swamps are considered, they are most often located in the cracks of the cliffs. On the island you can see the forests, rocks, swamps, coastal shales, meadows, beaches, dune fauna. In places, the villages that have once been inhabited are also individual vegetation.

Inhabitants of the island. Lighthouse

The island of Great Tyuters in Finnish bay has no less fascinating fauna in Finnish bay. A rare kind of mollusks - a predatory black slug - found his habitat here. Especially much of them can be found at the foot of the cliffs. Among the inhabitants of the island there are raccoon dogs, at least their traces found many times. In addition, the island runs the wild ram, he fled from the former light air for several years.

By the way, about the lighthouse. He is on the island - single place habitat. Its height is 21 meters, the focal plane is located 75 meters away. Two live on the island - a caretaker with his wife.

A significant number of the population of Big Tyuters in the Finnish bay was never distinguished. Some time there was a village of Fishermen Finnov. However, the war was dared and her from the face of the island.

Island today

Large Tyuters Island in Finnish Bay is one of those places where time stopped. Buildings and structures thickets, even a beacher of the lighthouse does not risk far away from his workplace, as the island can present a unpleasant surprise that the Germans knew him with generosity. Since the latter in a hurry left him, they left behind not only but a lot of equipment, ammunition, heavy weapons. But at the same time, here is simply indescribable beauty nature, which, unfortunately, can see only units. To neutralize the dangerous island, the sperm papers are regularly directed. In addition, often they are joint, for example, the work of Russian and Swedish sappers in 2005 made it possible to detect and neutralize more than 30 thousand objects that could explode at any time. There were seven such assaults in the postwar years. However, even half of the island can not be called safe.

Forgotten technique

The island of Great Tyuters in the Finnish bay, whose photo can be seen in the review - the present considering that its samples on the island are in abundance, among them there are unique. Such as, say, the automatic anti-aircraft gun 40 of the Bahoros caliber. The number of equipment that the Germans left can pull on the big museum. Expeditions that are engaged in the study of its territory, many instances are detected, some can be restored. Today, the units of equipment that managed to move to large land, about two hundred. Even on the island there are 6 in-depth fortification facilities.

Expeditions

The Expedition is sent to the island of Great Tyuters for exploring "White Pains" on the map of Europe. Because of the tight mining on it, even a few decades after the end of the war, servicemen died. It is for neutralization of the territory such research is carried out. One of the latter was the Expedition of "Gogland", which, except for Big Tyuters, covered some other external islands of the Gulf of Finland. Before the landing of the main landing, the berths and vertices for helicopters were equipped. From achievements, it can be noted the discovery of about 200 units of military equipment, weapons. Most of Of them are unique. After examining it, representatives of the Ministry of Defense, RGO sent for the search for the search engines. On the this moment Search for the remains of warriors, who died in the times of the Great Patriotic War.

Travel to the island

Alone to go to the island is very dangerous. Of course, this is a historic place where there are unique samples of techniques and weapons, but mines on it are much larger. His nature amazing the imagination, it is very quiet and calm here. The only thing that gives the island, which is working to avoid crashes of ships. Ship for more than 60 years pass by. This is the feature that is the island of Great Tyuters. How to get to him, immediately visible on the map. The main paths are water or helicopter. If there is still a huge desire to touch this part of the story, you can go to the neighboring, and from it also on the water you can see the large tunts.

Ghosts Islands

This is how the technique is called, which "resting" on the territory. Big Tyuters in the Gulf of Finland, if it were not minimized, could be called a museum of military equipment under open sky. It seems that anti-aircraft installations have become part of nature, sometimes they are difficult to distinguish with trees or branches, which fell. In the dunes can drown and only on a third mark himself from under the sands. On coastal slopes in the trees you can see defensive weapons of 37 caliber. Parts are scattered everywhere, including engines. In the forests, it is even possible to meet a benzogenerator station and a cable breaker. Here and there are scattered barrels from under fuel. You can also find personal flats of the Germans. The whole technique simply united with nature, trees sprouted in the corps of cars, some tools were covered with moss and grass. If it were not for the danger that lies on every corner, it would be possible to conduct exciting excursions.

conclusions

The island has long been considered the territory under the ban. There were successful attempts to delete it, but it is not possible to fully secure security yet. In far-reaching plans - to do on the territory of Big Tyuters the open-air museum. But everything rests on the financial part of the issue. The creation of minimal infrastructure needs big money. In addition, the path to the island is very complex and expensive. That is why it remains fully unexplored and almost deserted.