Map of the River White from the beginning to the end. White River, Bashkiria

IN summer time Here, it is often possible to see groups of people who melt along its waters on boats and roofs. And extremely picturesque shores - favorite place for lovers beach holidays. This river has beautiful name Agidel, which is translated as a "white river".

Agidel - Pearl of Bashkiria. No more anywhere else where you could penetrate the greatness of the beautiful mountains Southern Urals, feel the spirit of time and feel power beautiful legends and legends.

Geography

The beginning of the White River (Agidel) is located in the heart of Bashkiria - between the ridges of Uraltau and Avalyak. As noted above, it is the mountains of the Southern Urals. The first third of the river paths passes through the intermountain brand to the southwest, and the character does not differ in particular from other River Urals. It is the same cheerful and frisky.

White is the most important water highway Bashkortostan, the left influx of the Kama River. The area of \u200b\u200bits pool is 141900 square meters. kilometers. Length is 1420 km. Beginning of his river takes close to the city of Jarel (east of him).

Verkhovy's water flows through a wetland low valley. Further, below the village Tirlyansky, it is dramatically narrowed. Separate sections of it have steep, cloudless slopes covered with forest. As the river exits the steppe plain, below the sign of Nugush (the right influx), its channel is repaired again, and after the p. Ufa Agidel becomes a typical plain river.

Functions of the river and city

The main nutrition is snow. At the mouth, the average annual water consumption is 950 m 3 / s. The biggest tributaries:

• right: Sim, Nugush, Ufa, Fast Tanyap, Bir;
• left: Urshak, Ashkadar, Karmassan, Dema, Base, Chermassan, Xun.

On the shores of Belaya there are cities like Ufa, Meleuz, Beloretsk, Salavat, Ishimbay, Sterlitamak, Birsk and Blagoveshchensk. And in the place where the beautiful River Agidel breaks out of the mountains of the Urals in the expanses of the hilly, is a huge village of Yumagousino.

The numerous bridges are built across the river, the largest among which (railway and automobile) will be thrown in the capital of Bashkiria - the city of Ufa.

Fauna and Flora

In the waters of the River Agidel are found a wide variety of fish: pike, bream, perch, catfish, pike perch, chub, Ersh, Buckly, Nalim, Pescar, Sterlet, Guster, Pescar, Trout (only in the upper reaches), Jew, Harius, Hermets, Tymen (very little). This is a real storehouse for fishermen lovers.

The coast of the river is mostly covered with steppe vegetation, and forests (mostly broadcasted) are found only in places. On average, there are mainly willow, poplar and rosehip. IN large quantities In lowlands, the river grows a blackberry berry.

White organized group alloys, which can take advantage of everyone.

Water voyage on white makes it possible to get great pleasure from journey in surprising fabulous places, know the fascinating story of the Southern Urals, hear the legends about this wonderful and mysterious region.

Agidel is one of the most popular routes by boats, rafts, kayaks and catamarans. There is once a former All-Union route No. 59, called "on white on the rafts".

Natural attractions

In addition to alloy lovers, the river pool is visited and numerous speleologists. It is here that the world's famous Cave of the Cave with preserved primitive drawings is located, there is Mortgulovskaya cave, theatrical failures, Akbutuk and Kutuk-Sumagan, and many other smaller caves and grotts.

Where there are exits to the earth's surface of groundwater, miraculous blue lakes with clean icy water rich in various minerals are formed. The most famous - Blue LakeWhere his beginning takes the stream of Sakasska. This is the beginning of the Schulgan River, located near the entrance to Cave Kapov, and Griffon Tarawal.

Schulgan-Tash Reserve

River Agidel in Bashkiria proceeds through the territory natural Reserve Schulgan-Tash and Park Kandrykul. The cave of the same name is one of the most picturesque, and from the largest karst caves in Bashkiria. It takes 5th place in length (2,910 meters LED Length) and 2nd in depth (160 meters of amplitude) among all Bashkir caves.

It is glorified thanks to the ancient drawings available on its walls (late Paleolithic times). Their age is 17,000 years, which is scientific evidence. Previously, such Paleolithic painting was found only in France and Spain.

Four cave halls have such ancient images - halls of signs, chaos and dome on the first floor, and on the second floor of the drawings.

Most painting (38%) - abstract signs, in second place (32%) - difficult distinct stains, but rather colorful (remnants of drawings, destroyed by time). On the third (27%) - images of zoomorphic, among which the figures of horses and mammoths prevail, but there are also bison, bulls, rams, deer. All this is the messages of the ancient ancestors left in the underground halls of Schulgan-Tash.

A little about the history of the river in the legends

Lots of interesting facts exists in the history of rivers (Agidel among them) and Ural Mountains. All of them are impossible to tell.

There is one beautiful legend of the People's "Ural Batyr", leaving in deep antiquity. The main character Legends makes a lot of feats: she won the victory over the cruel padishah Katila, over the terrible monsters in the kingdom of Snake Kahkhahi, saves people, birds and animals from Padyshah Divov Azraki. Having obtained living water, Batyr sacrifice himself, and does not acquire immortality, drinking it himself. He splashed her around him, so that nature remained forever alive.

People after his death poured high Kurgan over his grave. Mountains of the Urals were formed from him, and the remains of the Ural Batyr miraculously turned into gems, iron, copper, gold and silver.

The hero of this was helpers - three sons: Idel, Yik and Nugush. Sakmar, renovated from his native father Schulgen (the elder brother of Ural-Batyra), became the fourth. All of them with their diamond swords in the mountains abandoned the river beds to save the tempered people from thirst. The language states that the formed rivers and received the names of those quotes of four battles.

Now the names of 2 of those rivers changed: the Ural became the UIK, and Agidel Idel.

View of the river White at the city of Birsk

White (Bashkir Option - Agidel, Ak-Idel), River, Joining Ufa with South and western Party. It begins at the eastern foot of the Mountain Massif Avalyak in the Southern Urals, flows into Kamu, the left influx of the Volga. The length of the river is 1430 km, the catchment area is more than 100 thousand square meters. km. Old Russian Name River - White Volga (Will).

"The city streamed wonderful white with bluish transparent water, the most joyful river, which I saw in Russia ... - recalled the writer-publicist Sergey Elutan. - With a high tearse mountain, an infinite green distance of meadows, which were revealed to the nude steppes ... ".

Artist M.V. Nesterov on the banks of the White written a lot of etudes and paintings, the most famous landscapes of "Motherland Aksakov", "White River", "on the White River".

Within the city of Ufa coastline White stretches at a distance of 40 km. The Ufa and Dema rivers flow in the urban area. The width of the channel r. White in front of the mouth r. Ufa in the interleavement is 150-180 m and increases downstream. At the Zolukhinskaya Sloboda, it is equal to 280 m, next to the mouth of the demos - 560 m. In the area of \u200b\u200bthe Safronovskaya Pier there is a narrowing of the bed to 200 m, however, in the northern part of the city, the river is expanding again, reaching 500 m in the width.

The bed is white towliness: from the mouth of the river. Ufa and before railway Station Ufa with the general direction to the north-west of the river forms large eaves - Pugachev, cooperative and Nizhny Novgorod with radii 1.5-2 km. From the railway station and to the northern border of the city of the river flows almost in a straight line to the northeast, representing the segment of large emitting, stretching almost to the Red Yar.

During the spill of the River White in the Nikolsky village (now Cooperative Polyana). Photo starting XX century.

The slope of the river bed in the urban zone of unequal. From the mouth of r. Ufa to mouth r. Demos It averages 5.3 cm per 1 km, on a plot from the mouth of the demo to the train station increases to 18 cm per 1 km, and below the station again decreases to 8 cm per 1 km. The greatest depths (from 5 to 10 m) are marked on concave shores forming river PLES. The average flow rate of white within the city is 0.17-0.6 m / s, the greatest - 0.26-0.94 m / s.

Outside the river Oto Ice usually in April, closer to the middle of the month. The maximum water level during the flood of 1882 amounted to 11 meters of 18 cm, but it usually hesitates between 6 and 9 m. From a long time, a bright spectacle for Ufimtsev was a spring ice trip, all Ufa went out to meet him on the Slashchevsky and Ternilov Mountains, Mounting next to the Muslim cemetery - White from there was visible far.

Most often, the Ufa was observed approximation of the ice plant, the first depths of ice, and only in rare cases began (usually it took place at night). Today, ice is destroyed by icebreakers, therefore, such interest, as in former times, the ice rose does not cause.

On the White River in Orenburg crossing. Photo 1950s.

During the flood of water, the floodplains flood together with the fields, forests and city quarters located on it. Flooding begins with water height at 7.30 m from zero mark. One-story houses in the years of high flooding used to be completely fledged with water, sometimes they were carrying the river. Some of the residents of the Nizhny Novgorod, Cooperative Polyana and Zatona at this time are forced to move into unlottered parts of the city. Female on white lasts more than a month. The average date of its start - April 10, and the end - May 28.

The lowest water level in the river falls in July and August. In October and November, autumn flood arises when the water level rises by 2-3 m above the intert. The average monthly temperatures Water in the White River in May - 10.1 °, in June - 17.6 °, in July - 20.1 °, in August - 18.8 °, in September - 12.6 ° and in October - 4.9 °. The greatest temperature (26.2 °) was marked in July 1954.
The ice station on the river precedes the appearance of "Sala" - a thin ice film that appears usually at the beginning of November, and the river freezes in the second half of November. The earliest frost was observed on October 28, and at the most later - December 13th. The ice stands on the river on average 170 days, its average thickness is 60 cm. The average duration of the ice-bearing 168 days, the greatest - 201 days, the smallest - 144 days.

During the navigation period on the river transport cargo (oil, bread, metal, forest). The river is carried out by the movement of passenger steamboats in the directions of Ufa-Moscow, Ufa Astrakhan, Ufa-Kazan, Ufa Perm, Ufa Derbeshka, Ufa-Ohulebyinino.

As an add-on

i will give an excerpt from "Descriptions of Ufa" Mikhail Somova, published in the "Orenburg provincial Vedomosti" in 1864.

Description Ufa

Mikhail Somov

The White River, called in ancient with Russian white wipe, and Bashkirts Ak-Idel - white river, wash the city from three sides: South, Western and partly North, but only with the first closely comes to him; From the other parties is removed to a very significant distance. In the West, it forms a rather large onion, in the place of the rapprochement of which in recent years has been formed by a new path - a buzz, where now, bypassing onions, are ships.

On Luke (the river, filled only by the waters of the river. The lines, extremely raised) there are three villages - Romanovka, near the mouth of Deuma, Milovka and Kirzhatskaya. The first are sulfur and iron keys, not yet fully studied; In Milovka - the estate of Bazilevsky - is built extensive, with all the latest improvements, winery.

The space between the buoy and Ufa Mountains, engaged in part in small lakes, represents a lowland plain, serving the pasture for one of the urban herds; The station on the side of the side is the continuation of this plain and in one half of the shrub and a low dubnyak. In general, the left bank of the lowland river, the right more Party Gorut and cut with wild, crumpled nuts, ravines. The riverbed and the river bank is predominantly limestone, as a result, she acquired a noticeably whitish color, which served as a reason for its true name - the River Belaya.

The opening of the river happens more often in the first days of April and very rarely at the end of March; Freezing in late October or early November. From the table applied to the memorization of Rebelinsky, it can be seen that in continuation of 87 years (from 1772 to 1859) the earliest autopsy was in 1798 - March 23, at the latest - 1794 April 25.

During this time, it was revealed in March only four times; A larger number came on April 11, it was seven times. The earliest frozenning was 1785 - October 10, at the latest 1800 - November 29. In continuation of all this period, it stood 43 times in October and 44 times in November. The ice in the river does not touch the river, but usually after the first movement, it stops, then moving again and it is repeated sometimes several times.

In the spring, by autopsy, it usually blooms on 10, but sometimes in rare years - it does not come out of the banks at all. In the home notes of the city of Boss, the local pharmacist, for many years of meteorological observations, a remarkable and rare phenomenon is recorded regarding the spill. In 1862, the White River left the shores four times. - The ice was moved on April 5 at that year, the 9th numbers followed the usual spill to 9 versts in the Orenburg path, and then the river joined the river; On May 8, the second spill was made equal to the first; May 20 - the third, but smaller, lasting only until May 23; Finally, on June 4, as a result of heavy rains in the upper reaches of the river, the fourth spill was accomplished, the same big as the first two. Strong rains caused innumerable disasters in plants located on the tributaries of the Ufa River and Belaya.

Summer Width of the River Salad 80, a lot of 100, and the message with the opposite, southern Beach It is produced then by means of a plashing bridge; At this time, she is very melting and is made little convenient for shipping. Navigation is performed here only in the spring from April of the month and then only the river is enlivened: the barca with iron come from the plants; shipping vessels belonging to urban residents; What are the cries of burlacs and the spelling of curious inhabitants; But it continues the shortest time; Ships leave and everything still silents. It also revives the arrival of a steamer, which happens very rarely, because the shipping company here exists only tow and the most limited.

The main articles of the alloy on the river are: forest, forest products, bread and mainly iron, iron products, steel, cast iron and copper. All this is melted to Nizhny, Rybinsk, Dubovka and Astrakhan.

Although Ufa, as a folding pier for local works of the region, and cannot compete with such marins, as on the Ave. Samara, Dubovskaya and others, because the load of the courts, relatively with those produced in smaller quantities; But on the whole water path of the River Belaya and its tributaries, on which a huge amount of iron and iron products are fused, it represents a very important point where vessels with these works are stopped for a while, to make information about the number and value of the clashes and in fairness can Torn by one of the main iron marins.

For example, how much material is usually melted, I put information over the past three years.

In 1861, it was held with iron 6 caravans of 163 bars, with a load of 1,762,412 pound by 1.623.368 rubles.

In 1862 - 9 Karav. From 191 Barki, with a load of 1,799,620 p. at 1,710,500 rubles.

In 1863 - 9 car., 142 Barki, with a load of 1,324,338 p. Per 1,500,000 rubles. Consequently, in just 3 years, 24 caravans took place from 496 bars, with a load of 4,886,370 PUD, in the amount of approximately 4.833,868 rubles.

In the navigation of the current (1864), despite the shallow water, passed 5 caravans from 141 Barki, on which there was a load of 1,225,6,655, in the amount (not counting products of Zlatoustovsky, which are not shown) 1.470,896 rubles. Meanwhile, both the alloy of other works, although in itself and not unavailable, significantly inferior to the first in the amount and value of the putty. In general, white, by the number and values \u200b\u200bof the alloy, takes not the last place between the shipping rivers of Russia.

The proof of this can serve as information placed in the Orenburg Vedomosti for 1861 (in the article Novikov: On the state of industry of the Orenburg province), of which it can be seen that in total from 1851 to 1857, the ships in white 3156, forest rapes 2589, in the amount of 18,971,795 rubles. silver

Courts in Ufa are loaded in three places: Some of the city itself on the so-called pier of Orenburg or urban, others on the pier of the sofron and third on the pier of Kuznetsovskaya, on the Ufa River; Courts coming from above stop predominantly on the first.

Ufa Ot BUT before I WOULD

2017-10-31t12: 39: 10 + 05: 00 Ufa from A to Z history, regional studies, nature, river, ecologyWhite River (White River) - Ufa from A to Javid on the White River at the city of Birskabela (Bashkir Option - Agidel, Ak-Idel), a river, joining Ufa from South and Western Parties. It begins at the eastern foot of the Mountain Massif Avalyak in the Southern Urals, flows into Kamu, the left influx of the Volga. River's length - 1430 km, ...Ufa from A to Z urban encyclopedia Ufa from A to Z Urban encyclopedia[Email Protected] Author in the middle of Russia

– white River. Other of its name - Agidel. For living in Bashkiria, there is no white meaning in Bashkiria, since this river proceeds almost across the entire republic, first from north to south, and then on the contrary. So here the source of Agiden. Located in the participation area, close to Mount Jaremel. Therefore, one of the routes on this mountain lies past the source of the river.

Last localityTo which you can reach, a village in several houses Novokhusainovo. But demolished the road is coming Kiryabinskoe village, then even after the grader, not any car will be held. On the way, I found only UAZ, Niva or old foreign SUVs.

From Novokhusainovo before origin white About seven-eight kilometers uphill. We drove the village almost at night, slipped a small stream of V.hrod, then the road went to Baisakalovo. But we rushed into the forest. True, we could drive near, stuck in a small swamp in the middle of the road, the branches went. They got out into the star, then two more such swallowed plots slipped at speed.

After that, the road seems to be improved, but not long. Soon the rut went, most likely from Uzika, because my stock chevy Niva barely crawled along it. And every time, stopping in front of the next development, had to abandon it to continue the movement. Very felt disadvantages - small wheels and lack of winch.

After a rigid rut in the ground, a pitch began in the midst of the stones, there was no hope on the shovel, but at the speed, this plot was difficult at the speed, since almost every stone was given to the knock, from which we strained with each other. I remembered the case with a cut off, when we pierced the road from.

Before the ambeslial place, we got already in the dark, having stopped the next stones. I decided to come out to check the way further, and when I looked back, I saw that one wheel weighs above the ground at a distance of about 30 cm. I had to go back a little back so that the car was more or less in four wheels. Further, the road was even worse, the rut in places half the meter depth, it became clear that I would not eat. But the night in this place was not an option. Although origin white There were only two kilometers.

I swallowed with difficulty, I turned around and moved back, on one of the fork, it turned out not there and the car was finally cut. For a long time, we tried to get out, but it turned out that the car was falling on the logs, and in the end the village not only on the bridges, but already on the protection of the disduction and the box. Attempts to get out stopped far over midnight. It is worth noting that all this was accompanied by the bite of a huge number of mosquitoes, on which they have already simply ceased to pay attention. Sleeping in the car, tired, turned off very quickly, but the mosquitoes began to eat during sleep, so I had to wake up several times and kill them all.

In the morning, about an hour tried to get out, it did not work out, at that time two were passed by us hiking touristsThey walked on.

We also decided to go to the source of Agiden., and then decide the issue with the car. Go to the source of only three kilometers, the only one's mosquitoes. We quickly reached the place where tourists had already begun to be located.

On the source white I was already. I went to this place hiking Two weeks when I was nine years old. My parents with a friend recorded me to the tourist club "Berendia" and together with them we walked. It was my first serious hike, so much remembered and really wanted to get to this place again.

As it turned out, since then everything has changed, it used to be a small monument, indicating that the Belaya River began to start here, from under his stream, flowed into a slight deepening and from it tech down down from the mountain. Now there have been a big monument with a sword, from which the stream flows into a large stones bath.

White River - the most large river Southern Urals. Starts on the eastern slope of the Range Avalyak, 4 kilometers from the village of Novokhusainovo, at an altitude of 740 m. Above the sea level. In the upper and the direction of the flow from the north to the south, then from the east to the west. In the middle and lower current - from the south to the north.

The length of the river is white 1430 km, the pool area is 142 thousand square meters. km. Food, like all the rivers of the Southern Urals, mainly snow. The average annual flow rate in the lower course (Birsk) 858 m3 / s.

In the upper course, white is a typical mountain river, on average and lower it takes on the nature of the plain.

Two waterproofs were built on white: Beloretsky pond and the Yumaguzinsky reservoir.

On the White River there are 8 cities: Beloretsk, Meleuz, Ishimbay, Sterlitamak, Ufa, Birsk, Dyurtyuli and Agidel.

It is difficult to overestimate economic significance Rivers for Bashkiria, since the river is both a source of water supply and transport artery. Nowadays, shipping in White exists to the city of Ufa.

In the upper course of white - popular with tourists. In the middle of the last century, a 59-union alloy route was organized here. With the construction of the Yumagusin dam, he stopped existence. However, alloys in white did not stop. Nowadays, the Alloy route from the village of Kaga to the village of Kutanovo is popular. Tourists get acquainted with the natural beauty gallery, which is white on this site, and also attend the famous Schulgantas cave.

The length of the route is 3-4 days. Depending on the water level in the river, the alloy can begin downstream, from the village of Starosubkhangulovo (Burzyan). Best time For alloy - from the end of May to early September.

Having drove the Lake Kalkan, we went to the first place overnight stay of our journey through the Eastern Bashkiria - the source of the White River. Other of its name - Agidel. For living in Bashkiria, there is no white meaning in Bashkiria, since this river proceeds almost across the entire republic, first from north to south, and then on the contrary. So, the source of Agidel is located in the participation of the area, not far from Mount Jaremel. Therefore, one of the routes on this mountain lies past the source of the river.

The last settlement, which can be reached, the village to several houses - Novokhusainovo. But the tolend road goes to the village of Kiryabinskoe, then, even after the grader, not every car will pass. On the way, I found only UAZ, Niva or old foreign SUVs.

From Novokhusaino to the source of white about seven-eight kilometers up to the mountain. We drove the village almost at night, slipped out a small stream of Vzhod, then the road went to Baisakalovo, but we rushed into the forest. True, we could drive near, stuck in a small swamp in the middle of the road, the branches went. They got out into the star, then two more such swallowed plots slipped at speed.

After that, the road like improved, but not long. Soon the rut went, most likely from Uzika, because my stock chevy Niva barely crawled along it. And every time, stopping in front of the next development, had to abandon it to continue the movement. Disadvantages were very felt - small wheels and lack of winch.

After the rigid rut in the ground, the river began in the midst of the stones, there was no hope of a shovel, but at the speed, this plot was difficult at the speed, since almost every stone was given to the knock, from which we strained with each other. I remembered the case with a cut off, when we pierced the road from Ashi into a red key.

Before the ambeslial place, we got already in the dark, having stopped the next stones. I decided to come out to check the way further, and when I looked back, I saw that one wheel weighs above the ground at a distance of about 30 cm. I had to go back a little back so that the car was more or less in four wheels. Further the road was even worse - the stones, the rut, in places half the meter, it became clear that I would not eat. But the night in this place was not an option. Although only two kilometers remained to the source.

Jerks, with difficulty, I turned and moved back, on one of the fork, it turned out not there and the car was completely stolen. For a long time, we tried to get out, but it turned out that the car was falling on the logs, and in the end the village not only on the bridges, but already on the protection of the disduction and the box. Attempts to get out stopped far over midnight. It is worth noting that all this was accompanied by the bites of a huge number of mosquitoes, on which they simply stopped paying attention. Sleeping in the car, tired, turned off very quickly, but the mosquitoes began to eat during sleep, so I had to wake up several times and kill them all.

In the morning, about an hour tried to get out, it didn't work out, at that time two hiking hiking were passed by us, they walked to the goervel.

We also decided to go on the source of Agid, and only then decide the issue with the car. Go to the source of only three kilometers, the only one's mosquitoes. We quickly reached the place where tourists had already begun to be located.

On the source of white I was already. To this place, I went hiking in two weeks when I was nine years old. Parents with a friend recorded a tourist club "Berendia" And together with them we walked. It was my first serious hike, so much remembered and really wanted to get to this place again.

As it turned out, since then everything has changed, it used to be a small monument, indicating that the Belaya River began to start here, from under his stream, flowed into a slight deepening and from it tech down down from the mountain. Now there have been a big monument with a sword, from which the stream flows into a large stones bath.

Stands stand with an excerpt from epic "Ural Batyr", there is a gazebo.