There was no majesty of (1) mountains and rocks surrounded by (2) clouds; it was an ordinary Russian landscape: fields, meadows, rare villages with straw (3) and wood (4) roofs.
Task: insert the missing letters, indicate the conditions for choosing a spelling.
She is bewitching ... but a fairy tale; this story is a sacrament ... a, a mystery ... a; consequence of confusion ... about the investigator; her economy is run down ... oh, things are scattered ... s; the laundry was collected ... in bags and laid out ... on the shelves; she spoke puta ... oh, incoherently; he acted scattering ... oh and the wind ... oh; he looked preoccupied ... oh; the area is empty ... ah; the girl is spoiled ... but with attention; heroes crowned with ... glory; the queen is somewhat idealized ... ah; comb hair ... s to one side; problems researched ... by scientists; everything is well thought out ... oh and foreseeing ... oh; the problem is solved ... but; fright ... th beast; they are scared ... about it; lined ... the walls; they were frivolous ... s; sketch ... th shawl; sketched dresses ... s on a mannequin; this is inappropriate for me ... oh; everything was unnatural ... oh; organized ... rally; sheepskin ... th sheepskin coat; oat ... th porridge; windows ... glass; vulgar ... anecdote; simpler ... awn; desolate ... awful; it is empty ... a and raster ... a.
Assignment: Perform test work.
1.NN ?
Goncharov's Petersburg as a city of “art (1) feelings, lifelessness (2) turmoil” does not accept spontaneity (3) spine, simplicity, nature (4) spine, dominating in the wilderness.
2.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
Sand (1) quarry work was suspended (2) due to (3) higher hazard.
3. Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenNN ?
Whoever visited the villages near Vladimir remembered for a long time the houses, decorating (1) trees (2) with carvings, similar to thin lace, considering which one can think (3) of being in a fairy tale.
4.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
To this day, accounts have been preserved in the archives, presenting (1) the artist for the delivery of (2) oils to him (3) paints.
5.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
And thick milk pouring from clay (1) of a jug, and a lush loaf in a wicker (2) basket, and a sliding napkin written out (3) by the artist in all details and with special expressiveness.
6.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
The store purchased (1) and a batch of leather (2) footwear at lower (3) prices.
7.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
The building of the university, damaged by a fire in 1812, was restored (1) and partially rebuilt (2) by Domenico Gilardi, who preserved the composition (3) idea of the architect Kazakov.
8.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
The house stood somewhat apart from the forest, the walls here and there were renewed (1) with fresh boards, the windows were painted (2) with whitewash, a small porch on the side, adorned (3) with carvings, still smelled of resin.
9.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenNN ?
In the old big guest (1) on a spacious square, where it was quiet and empty (2), no visitors were expected, but unexpectedly (3) a carriage drove up to the porch.
10.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenH ?
The central square was framed by (1) a granite parapet with a lion (2) masks and huge thin (3) balls of stone.
1) 1,2 2) 2 3) 3 4) 1,3
11.Indicate all the numbers in the place that is writtenNN ?
Against the country (1) th and formidable background of the sunset sky, the wall of the coniferous forest seemed to be clearly drawn (3) oh, and in some places the transparent round tops of birches sticking out above it seemed to be eye-catching (3) in the sky with light strokes.
"Okoyomy Przemysl"
annotation
In his "History of the Russian State", in the second chapter (narration based on the Nestorian Chronicle), the outstanding Russian writer - sovereign, mentor, that is, the spiritual father of Pushkin Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin very clearly described the origin of the Slavic tribes.
« Many Slavs, - considered Karamzin, - the same tribes with the Lyakhs, who lived on the banks of the Vistula, settled on the Dnieper in the Kiev province and were called glades from their clean fields. Such an ethnos disappeared in ancient Russia, but his name became the common name of the Poles, the founders of the Polish state». « From the same tribe,- wrote Karamzin, - there were two brothers, Radim and Vyatko, the heads of the Radimichs and Vyatichs: the first chose a dwelling for himself on the banks of the Sozh, in the Mogilev province, and the second on the Oka, in Kaluga, Tula or Orel. The Drevlyans, so named from their forest land, lived in the Volyn province. It is still accepted to think so. And the neighbors of the Vyatichi tribe on the east side of the Oka and Zhizdra river basins were a tribe of skilful Krivichi».
On the map of modern Russian Federation the territory of the Kaluga region is sewn into the mosaic of the Central federal district between 54 and 55 degrees north latitude and 36-37 degrees east longitude. About 4 percent of the region's area is occupied by the territory of the Przemysl region, located on the banks of the Oka to the south of the regional center.
According to the map of the modern Kaluga province, the location of the municipality "Peremyshl District" is in the east of the region. East and rapture are words similar in sound structure in Russian. The sunrise in the east of the sky delights the farmer. Therefore, the eastern end of the earth is the most beautiful. So it is in the land of Kaluga: its Przemysl region is delightfully beautiful!
The author of the excellent book in 1998 about Przemysl - a quiet district town in the Kaluga region - was Sergei Fedorovich Pitirimov, a man of active modesty, a wise, and therefore alien to any rhetoric and public relations lyric poet. He spoke with sincere love about his cultural predecessors. This is the forest professor Toursky, playwright and translator Lyubimov, the son of the chief of police and the most educated encyclopedist Brillianty.
In 2004, I took part in the elections to the Legislative Assembly of the Kaluga Region in the Przemysl constituency. During the pre-election period, as a campaign material, he wrote a documentary essay "Blue-eyed Oka - Russian Shores", published in 2004 in the form of a propaganda brochure by the printing house "Polygraphinform". The book "Okoyomy of Przemysl" is the fulfillment of a "candidate's" duty to voters from the banks of the Oka.
In this story, I tried to complement my senior comrade and friend from the Kaluga Writers' Organization S.F.Pitirimov, who has been in Eternity since 2000. My contribution is information about modern administrative device municipality, a story about Tsiolkovsky's travels on a bicycle to the village of Korekozevo, as well as personal memories of the outstanding lyricists of Oka - Sergei Pitirimov, Anatoly Kukhtinov, journalist and poet Alexei Zolotin.
Chapter 7. The Eye of Culture
On the way to Przemysl
Month on the right side
Alexander Pushkin left to the Russian people not only genius poems, but also wonderful prose: dramas, stories and notes of a traveler. In the first chapter “ Travels to Arzrum "he wrote:" From Moscow I went to Kaluga, Belyov and Oryol, thus making 200 extra miles, but I saw Ermolov».
Perhaps, driving through the Przemysl fields, the poet once again indulged in the sadness of loneliness among the boundless expanses, and verses sounded in his heart:
I drove to you: living dreams
A playful crowd followed me,
And the month on the right side
Zealous accompanied my run.
Stay of A.S. Pushkin in the vicinity of Przemysl is nowhere noted, however, he could not pass them on the trip in 1829, because his path ran along the old Kaluga-Kozelsky tract.
The brothers Kireevsky, Ivan Vasilievich and Pyotr Vasilievich, N.V. Gogol, A.K. Tolstoy, F.M.Dostoevsky, V.A.Zhukovsky, F.I. A. A. Fet, A. N. Apukhtin, M. M. Prishvin, who visited the Optina Monastery. LN Tolstoy stopped in Przemysl, making a trip to Shamordino and Optino.
Memory of the warm earth
The remarkable Russian writer I. Sokolov-Mikitov called his homeland, the Przemysl region, "Warm Land" and always remembered it with the deepest fondness:
« The modest nature of the places where I spent the first years of my adult life did not shine with lush beauty. There were no majestic mountains and rocks surrounded by clouds, spectacular, seductive for artists, stunning panoramas. It was the usual Russian expanse: fields, forests, villages with thatched and wooden roofs overgrown with velvet moss, with dull little windows from which the pale faces of people peeped out. You drive, drive, it used to be dozens of miles, and no matter how it changes, the landscape around you hardly moves».
« From my mother, a Kaluga hereditary peasant woman, I borrowed love for the word, anxiety of character, from my father - love for nature, a lyrical make-up of the soul.
Trips with my dad, walks in the woods, fishing in a quiet pond overgrown with water lilies, every cherished corner of which I still remember, the stories and tales of my father left an indelible impression. Together with my travel dreams, my father awakened in me a passion for hunting.».
“In the fate and tastes of each person, his childhood, the environment in which he lived, was brought up and grew up, is of great importance. The words that we hear from our mothers, the color of the sky we saw for the first time, the road running away into the distance, the overgrown river bank, the curly birch under the window of our home forever remain in our memory ”.
Ivan Sergeevich Sokolov-Mikitov lived a long and difficult life. He was born on May 17 (29), 1892, and died on February 20, 1975.
Distant birds
In August 1950, the poet Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava came to this region. In Shamordino, in a rural school, he taught Russian language and literature, many times he visited Przemysl and the surrounding villages. The impressions of staying on the banks of the Oka were vividly reflected in the first book of the poet "Lyrics", published by the Kaluga book publishing house in 1956.
Bulat Shalvovich says:
Creative meetings with the prose writer Vladimir Koblikov, poets Valentin Ermakov, Mikhail Kuzkin are memorable for the workers of the district.
Oka-Russian woman
Khakas came by nationality from the banks of the Yenisei to the banks of the Oka to live, serve and write poetry. The last years of his life, Mikhail Kuzkin-Voronetsky spent in the village of Andreevskoye, where for many hours at all seasons he trampled on a high coastal terrace, mesmerized by the sublunary view of the Oka valley. He loved this land with all his heart and glorified it.
Kuzkin is a wonderful master of lyrical descriptions of the nature of the Kaluga region and passionate relationships with women.
... We sail to Tarusa along the big Oka,
And stays aloof behind us
Kaluga is a little stranger in the distance, -
Overwhelmed by hot forests.
The bend in the sun is so sharp
And the coast is receding so gently ...
Crawling among the oak trees like the smoke of a fire
A winding narrow road.
... The river distance is light and deep.
And the world is so open today! Right,
I never thought that Oka.
It is so full and dignified.
I look at the shores from under my arm
And I do not think for long in dismay:
How did you live, Russia, without the Oka -
With the Volga alone?
... I remember how by the end of summer in the very
in the middle of the day, when the heat has grown stronger,
Behind the yellow Prioksky forests
The shifted steppe opened up to the sky.
I was attracted by the field road ...
Sinking on a stone under a pine tree
I sat there for a long time, remembering
As the heat flowed around the hills.
... And you can see, this steppe world to tears
dear to me because I will be soon
green whirlwind of solar birches,
running along the highway on the slope.
And now, when forgetting about the vanity,
I look at the forest - is it near or far, -
As if I was looking at the appearance,
In which I will soon find eternity.
And therefore I kiss the red slope
Lands with oak trees in the sunshine,
What will be saved for future times
The mystery of my existence.
Translator Lyubimov
Theater town
The people of Przemyshl are rightfully proud of their wonderful fellow countryman, an outstanding writer and translator of fiction, Nikolai Mikhailovich Lyubimov, whose books adorn the shelves of many libraries, instill in readers a loving attitude to the Russian word, strengthen a sense of devotion to the motherland, and develop a subtle artistic flair.
In the Lyubimov family, who lived in the district town of Przemysl, there was a persistent tradition - to give books for their birthday and for the name day.
In his biographical story of life, Lyubimov says:
« Our town has long been a theater town. From 22 to 30, in winter and summer, the efforts of rural teachers, high school students, students of technical schools and universities who come for vacations, staged performances under the guidance and participation of Sofia Iosifovna Melipova, a teacher of Russian language and literature, who later moved to Moscow and was awarded the order for her pedagogical activity Of the Red Banner of Labor and the Order of Lenin. And almost every performance of this community of amateurs became an event in the life of the town; he shook us up, enriched, awakened both thought and feeling, brought up artistic taste. The start of the performance was usually delayed. "Gallery" stomps and yells: "Time!" But then the prompter darted into his booth, the curtain crawled in both directions, and in front of the silent spectators, art is born, far from perfect, but genuine, in which it was impossible not to believe, the ingots of which I now take from the bottom of my memory. The scenery changed slowly, the intervals were shamelessly prolonged, and when the audience went home at dawn, the hostesses were already driving the cows into the herd. And then for several days you live as in a dream: inner hearing with echoes of voices, before your eyes - figures and faces. And my heart is sad: I was so looking forward to this evening, and now it has already sunk. You console yourself with the fact that a month will pass - and again you will be seized by the inexplicable, like any magic, the sacred enchantments of the Theater, under the influence of which mankind has irresistibly strived to fall from ancient times.
Already the repertoire of this permanent group gives an idea of its literary culture and daring. Here is some list of staged plays: "The Inspector General" and "The Marriage", "Our People - We Will Be Numbered!" "Tsar Fyodor Ioanovich", "Krechinsky's Wedding".
Sofya Iosifovna played mainly everyday roles, showing tenacious observation and a sense of humor. Her best role is the old witch Evdokia Antonovna in Days of Our Life. Oh, how scary she was! .. Especially in the third act, when persuading her own daughter to sell herself to von Rencken, she shouted at her:
- Slut! Rubbish! .. Who will buy you such? There are hundreds of people like you on the boulevard!»
« Taste in the field of theater was put on me as a child in Przemysl", - recalled N. M. Lyubimov.
Telephone communication with the future
When in 1923 a telephone connection was made to Soviet institutions in the district center, a little theater fan began to climb into the office of the father of one of his friends, where he played a "conversation with Katchalov", admired his talent, and expressed his love for the famous artist.
From a Moscow student, a talented provincial grew into a metropolitan figure of culture and art, a theater critic. Translator of foreign classical literature. In his creative practice, Lyubimov maintained a close connection with the very masters of the stage, with whom in his childhood in Przemysl he conducted imaginary discussions on the phone.
On the pages of his book of memoirs "The Past Summer" N. M. Lyubimov gave amazingly accurate characteristics of the actors and their work. For example, Leonidov with his gaze “penetrates the audience through and through”, Knipper-Chekhova was “an example of internal external grace”, Tarkhanov amazed with “ideal comprehension of stage art”, Pashennaya - with “extreme expressiveness”, Massalitinov - with “mastery of reincarnation”, Moskvin - “ destruction of tradition ”.
The famous writer Veniamin Kaverin praised the work of the translator Lyubimov: “ Lyubimov translates so that his personality is visible behind the book. You need to be a little akin to Rabelais himself, so that behind the book we see the author, his laughter and bitterness, his mental scope, his irony, his faith in man».
Sage from Korekozev
Peasant intellectual
Ask any resident of Korekozev: "What is your village famous for?" The answers will vary. For example:
- It is the longest in the Kaluga region - five kilometers.
- The first post-war order-bearers appeared here, and the collective farm chairman Prudnikov was a Hero of Socialist Labor.
- Buttercup monastery - according to legend, the oldest in our area.
- The first hydroelectric power plant in the region.
- This is the only village in Russia where three members of the USSR Writers' Union come from.
“And for me Korekozevo is also famous for the fact,” recalls one of them, the famous Kaluga journalist and poet Aleksey Petrovich Zolotin, “that a wonderful old man, a sage, a true rural philosopher Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov lived here. In November 1964, the Znamya newspaper under the heading "Meetings with interesting people"Published my article about him" An Evening at Fyodor Kuzmich's. " This is how I presented it to the readers at the time:
« For a long time I was going to write about Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov, this "very correct person", in the words of fellow villagers, a communist, chairman of the Korekozevsky village council. He is one of the organizers of the May Day collective farm, he was at the helm for eight years, and when the farm grew larger and Grigory Nikolayevich Prudnikov was elected chairman, Fyodor Kuzmich honestly and conscientiously worked as a private. For the last three years he has chaired the village council».
The article describes one evening spent with Fyodor Kuzmich. Then there were a few more - and all are memorable. I will try to remember and convey some fragments of conversations with this amazing person... Like all modest people, he flatly refused to talk about himself: “ I have nothing special. You shouldn't have thought of it ...»About fellow villagers - please.
Stories from Fyodor Kuzmich
The memory of Pitirimov Sr. has preserved a lot of stories.
— Here is Nikita Nikitich Dragonfly. He is older than me, but he works - he does not lag behind other young ones. From the first days of the collective farm - wherever they send. Requires no awards, no posts. And a man of amazing honesty. Goes dear, he will notice a board or some kind of rope - he will not be too lazy, he will definitely take it - to the sawmill, to the stable ... And in general, he is a very interesting old man.
Or another story by Fyodor Kuzmich about his fellow villager Vladimir Ivanovich Nikonov:
— Also a very, very original grandfather. I admired his hard work. After the war, he mainly worked at the crossing. Here, I remember, I was walking early one morning, at four o'clock, I decided to look at the fields across the river. I didn't expect to meet him on the ferry at this hour, I thought he was sleeping at home. I looked into the ferry booth - and there really is no one. I looked, and he was fumbling by the boat, making something. We started talking.
— And at me, my brother, - Vladimir Ivanovich shared the news, - there are moose.
— What moose?
— And such. Every evening, a little dusk, they will come out of the forest and in this place they swim across the river. They graze there. At night they feel good there, at ease. And in the morning - back to the forest. Just before your arrival, they swam ... I don't tell anyone about them: they will frighten off, but they are already used to me ...
— What quality do you value most in a person?? - I once asked Fyodor Kuzmich.
— Eh, here you are inciting me to philosophy. Each person is a page of a large book - history, and they are all interesting in their own way. As the ancient Romans said, suum kuikve - to each his own! .. In short, a person must sow good, sow "reasonable, good, eternal." For me, it is important what a person gives to people, so I judge how useful he is. And finally, honesty. This is what I value most in a person ...
— Often we had a conversation about poetry, - Alexey Zolotin continued his story, - and every time I lost the feeling of something familiar, everyday: as if in front of you was not an elderly collective farmer who had finished five classes of an old rural school, but a specialist in philology. Fyodor Kuzmich not only quoted Pushkin and Lermontov, Byron and Heine, Horace and Virgil - he freely supported them with words of his thoughts, views on poetry and literature in general. So it is no coincidence, but according to the law of succession, one of the sons of Fyodor Kuzmich, and in all he had five children, Sergei Pitirimov, became a famous Russian poet, a member of the Union of Writers of the USSR. But Sergei Fedorovich became famous in his declining years, and in his youth he dreamed of geology and only tried himself in poetry. I must say, not without the approval of his authoritative father.
Another conversation with Fyodor Kuzmich was remembered by a friend of his son and poetic peer Zolotin. With a smile of bright emotion, Alexei Petrovich, also a popular writer far beyond the borders of his native Przemysl region, recalls Pitirimov Sr., his old man's tales.
— Somehow I came across a book, - shared Fedor Kuzmich. - It was written in the seventeenth year, even before the revolution. It considered very important problems - how to bring Russia out of ruin. The author - I don't remember his last name - proposed developing the economy in the east of the country. Everything seems to be correct. But how did he suggest doing this? Have recourse to foreign monopolies. What would be left of Russia then? Would be swallowed by predators. That’s the kind of thing - it seems like a man was bothering about the interests of the Motherland, but no. Loving the Motherland is not what talking about this love ...
As if this conversation took place today, - Zolotin recalled, - it is so relevant. Today there are again disputes about how to raise the country's economy: with the help of foreign monopolies or independently? It seems that the first point of view wins. But it is also useful, I think, is the warning of Fyodor Kuzmich Pitirimov: predators would not swallow Russia ...
Everything is subject to man, even the taming of the wild. Challenging it, people build cities on rocks and mountain slopes, in fact, cities of fantastic beauty, looking at which, take your breath away.
They look like illustrations to fairy tales and look unreal and charming. How you want to see this beauty for real, and you can do it right now!
Rocamadour, city in France
In the deep valley of the Alzou River, reminiscent of a canyon, the picturesque town of Rocamadour is located, attracting merchants, pilgrims and guests from all over the world. This village is seen as something transcendent and incredible. Seeing her live, I want to ask the question: "Who could have thought of settling on a steep cliff almost nine centuries ago?" The village was built on rocky stupas and it feels like it is located vertically. There are only two streets here, and you can walk uphill along long, rather steep staircases, looking at the bizarre "toy" houses, structures, chapels and old churches. The Chapel of Notre Dame de Puy houses the Black Madonna and the relics of Saint Amadur.
Locals say that the relics periodically perform miracles and at this moment the bell begins to ring. At the very top of the cliff rises the Rocamadour castle, and a large staircase leads to it, passing between 14 intermediate platforms, symbolizing the fourteen stops of Jesus Christ going to the crucifixion. At the very top, where the stairs lead, the Calvary cross was erected, and according to tradition, pilgrims come here, who make their entire difficult journey on their knees, stopping at each site for prayer.
Azenhas do Mar, a city in Portugal
Azenhas do Mar is a city on rocks located on the picturesque seaside of the Lisbon region, which stands for "sea mill". Many years ago there was an Arab occupation here - it was then that the history of this city, imbued with antiquity, began. At that time, the Azenyash water mills appeared and the city was given its current name. Azenhas do Mar is spread out on a cliff, washed below by the waves of the ocean, and at first glance it may seem that the city is as if embedded in the rock.
It seems that some houses are balancing on the edge of an abyss, and a little more, and fall into the ocean. Tourists are attracted not only by endless beaches with clear water, but also by the pools created in the rock by nature itself. In the thirties, a tram line was opened here, and a string of tourists flowed here. Here you need to enjoy the magnificent views and the famous Portuguese red wine Kularis. There are vineyards in this city, and in order for the seedling to take root in the sand post, it has to be buried to a depth of 10 meters.
Ronda city in Spain
Everyone knows that Andalusia is one of the most colorful and vibrant regions in Spain. Seasoned tourists rent a car and go to independent travel away from the traditional routes in search of the new and the surprising. Here, high in the mountains, it literally "soars" over the El Tajo gorge the most beautiful city Rhonda. In that the oldest settlement left their rich historical heritage Romans, Celts, Phoenicians and Arabs. At first glance, absolutely everything here admires: a frightening concentration of attractions and incredible landscapes that take your breath away. And all this splendor is located on an area of 481 sq. Km.
Ronda is a city of "white houses" where you can enjoy magnificent views from almost anywhere. This city is the birthplace of Bullfighting, and here you can see the oldest bullring in Spain, which was built in 1784. The famous Pedro Romero, the founder of modern bullfighting, performed in this arena and, according to the common people, he has 5,600 dead bulls on his account. In this city, stereotypes are erased, and an awareness of traditions, the depth of Spanish culture, the way of life of many generations of real Andalusians comes. Be sure to visit the arena, museum of bullfights and bullfighters to "taste" the spirit of real Spain.
Ronda's calling card is the famous New Bridge, built in the very deep place gorges (98 meters), and the narrowest. The construction took 37 years. Ronda is fraught with a mixture of cultures and traditions of many peoples. This is a city that does not obey logic, but at the same time, alluring, mystical, soaring like a bird over an abyss. Small private museums, cozy antiques shops - here tourists will fully experience the local flavor.
Piodan town, Portugal
Piodan is a district in Portugal, a village with ancient history, ideally suited to the mountainous landscape of the Serra do Azor ridge. This place with marvelous landscapes, pastures, springs with spring water resembles a Christmas picture, and when the lights are lit in the village in the evening, these mountain slopes show an amazingly beautiful picture. There is an abundance of slate, which became the main material in the construction of houses in this mountain village, which is pierced by narrow winding streets.
It seems that everything around is done in one color - streets are paved with slate, houses are built from it, although windows and doors painted with bright blue paint are striking everywhere. This is a tradition and a distinctive feature of the mountain village, which is associated with many interesting stories... The building material is dark in color, which is why the houses here are brown too. For a long time this place served as a safe haven for those who fled from justice. According to some reports, one of the murderers of his beloved Pedro I was hiding here from royal wrath in the 14th century.
Italy, the city of Riomaggiore
This bright, unusually beautiful Riomaggiore - a town on the rocks, shimmering in the sun with multi-colored colors, is nestled on an elevated rocky coast in the Five Lands park. Here, in every narrow street, winding among the houses, built one above the other on the coastal cliffs dropping to the sea, there is an atmosphere of medieval antiquity. During numerous wars, the village was an impregnable fortress for enemies, since the houses here were built on a stepped system, and it was almost impossible to capture them. But today it makes the living of people a little dangerous, since there is still a chance of falling off a cliff and getting crippled.
The oldest building dates back to the 13th century. Many stone stairs, winding streets give the city on the rock a unique flavor, where facades of different colors create a bright contrast with the blue Mediterranean sky and the emerald-turquoise sea. The movement of cars here is difficult and has been completely prohibited for a long time. You will walk around the city along narrow streets and stairs, smoothly rising along steep rocky slopes. In the world famous restaurants of the town, you will enjoy classic Italian cuisine and seafood. If you decide to have an unforgettable wedding, then Riomaggiore is your dream city! In such romantic place you can easily find a cafe for a wedding with a stunning view, or a small restaurant for a romantic dinner.
Castellfulit de la Roca in Spain
A person sometimes builds truly incredible cities, choosing a place that looks completely unsuitable for life. Imagine a sheer rock 50 meters high of basalt origin, which is almost a kilometer long. It contains only a single narrow street, along which houses are built on both sides. The street ends almost at the edge of the plateau. Imagine this is most of the town of Castellfulit de da Roca, an amazing Catalan town with incredible charm, where only 1000 people live. Many houses in the old city, located at the very edge of a basalt rock formed from two colliding lava flows, are built of volcanic rocks.
Structures are located along a narrow fishing rod, like two snakes crawling side by side. The city is a natural landmark of the region, towering over the surrounding landscape, and medieval houses still stand, retaining their grandeur and strength, because the volcanic rock itself became the building material! On both sides of the rocky hill there are steep cliffs washed by two rivers, on the banks of which the inhabitants have set up nice vegetable gardens. The settlement is located in a volcanic region, on the territory of which there are about 70 volcanoes. Today, some of them still spew mud and ash. But what a view opens from the windows!
Italy, the ancient city of Manarola
The Ciqué Terre National Park includes five small towns, of which Manarola is the oldest. Tourists are attracted by colorful bright buildings, and modern buildings perfectly coexist with ancient architectural structures, which are more than 500 years old.
This seaside fishing town in Liguria sits on a cliff overhanging the wild coastline of the sea. There is a church, built in 1338, vineyards grow, which give excellent wines. The small harbor of Manarola complements the picturesque picture of colorful houses, these houses on the very seashore are erected above the gorge on the rocky slopes. The lack of a beach does not prevent divers from exploring the caves, underwater world and rock crevices.
Ancient city of Wadi Dawan, in Yemen
In the desert country of Yemen, located in the south of the Arabian Peninsula on high dry mountains with uneven peaks and numerous plateaus, Wadi Dawan is located. There are no permanent rivers in the country, but in regions located high in the mountains, there are seasonal river valleys, which are called "wadis". The houses here are built of clay bricks on several floors, and the floors are made of wood.
Wadi Davan is an impressive place in its splendor, and at first glance, every tourist is breathtaking. Numerous towns and villages are much better preserved here than in other regions of Yemen. Among the sandy-colored clay houses, anyone will be surprised by a multi-colored multi-storey building, and each village of Wadi Davan will reveal something new and extraordinary to the tourist. But not everyone dares to visit it - in recent decades, Yemen has been a hot zone for terrorists.
Small town Vernazza, Italy
In the Italian province of La Spezia, there is a small town on the cliffs of Vernazza, where a peaceful atmosphere of calmness and sweet bliss always reigns. A small picturesque bay is surrounded by majestic cliffs, where colorful houses, closely nestling to each other, look into the sea. Tourists claim that it is Vernazza who personifies a cheerful, vibrant Italy, filled with romance - the kind that they wanted to see. Many ancient architectural structures, which perfectly "get along" with the modern buildings of Vernazza.
But the picture of general integrity and harmony only enhances the stunning impression of the environment. This quiet town is home to less than a thousand people, so here you will find peace and quiet. People don't drive in the city, so you won't find such clean air anywhere else in Italy. People don't come here for beach vacation, but for the pure ecology of nature and architectural landmarks. Vernazza is one of the five cities that make up national park The Cinque Terre, where menacing cliffs, colorful houses and azure sea will always leave the best impressions.
Monasteries on the rocks of Meteora, Greece
One of the most striking sights of Greece are the monasteries of Meteora, "cut" into the sheer cliffs. The very name Meteora translates as "hanging" in the air. Exactly this accurate description six amazing monasteries in Greece. Back in the 11th century, hermits from Byzantium climbed a cliff to be alone with God, and already in the 14-15th centuries real monasteries were built. The natural safety from the invasion of enemies and the greatness of this place made it possible to create a large monastic community, where to this day you can see with your own eyes 6 monasteries on the tops of the rocks of Thessaly.
This geological phenomenon in the northern part of Greece is surprising in that 60 million years ago, under the influence of winds, water and temperature changes, massive stone pillars began to appear, as if hanging in the air among the clouds. Even modern climbers do not dare to climb the almost sheer round rocks, although, having lifted their heads up, at the top of almost all the pillars you can see a temple. It is difficult even to imagine what colossal work was invested in the construction of these temples and monasteries in such extreme conditions.
The capital of Bolivia is the high-altitude city of La Paz
La Paz is the highest mountain capital in the world and the commercial and political center of Bolivia. The city center is located at an altitude of 3650 meters, and international Airport- 4082 meters. La Paz is called the beating heart of Bolivia, and this place is unique in that it is located in a huge "bowl" of the river bed, which dried up millions of years ago. For almost 500 years, the city of La Paz has been steadily climbing up the slopes of the canyon. It seems that the city wants to look beyond the sharp edges of the canyon to enjoy the purest air of the Andes and look at the fluffy clouds reflected in the motionless surface of Lake Titicaca. In this discouraging city, take a leisurely stroll through the cobbled stone slabs squares.
Among the majestic cathedrals and buildings of the Spanish era, you can find peasant women in bright woolen robes and in national bowlers. The high-altitude location of the capital will tire even experienced tourists, so it is better to choose hiking trails to the central part of the city. The city has many interesting museums where you can get acquainted with the culture of the country. The area around the capital is also called "Little Bolivia" because of the variety of magnificent landscapes. The famous "Valley of the Moon" Valle de La Luna is a kind of labyrinth of rocky towers, picturesque rocks and small canyons.
City on the rocks of Pitigliano, Italy
The cities erected on sheer cliffs amaze with the contrast between the creation of man and nature itself. For various reasons, people settled here, but in most cases these were security measures and protection from the enemy. Pitigliano is a small Etruscan town in Tuscany, located on a high hill 300-663 meters above sea level. Rocks surround this city on three sides, which the Etruscans made impregnable to enemies. This interesting town, located in the tuff zone, rises on a plateau formed by 3 rivers.
Poof is a rock formed from volcanic ash, therefore Patiliano is one of the beautiful places in Italy, attracting tourists. This unique city of Tuscany is filled with palaces, towers, various medieval monuments, and when you walk along the narrow streets, you realize that everything here is shrouded in an indescribable atmosphere. Patigliano is also known as Little Jerusalem - there is a synagogue here, and many Jews live who managed to survive during the war.
City on Mont Saint-Michel, France
The castle of Mont Saint-Michel is one of the most popular sights of France, which captivates with a fabulous view and uniqueness. After all, this monastery, erected in a rock, sticking out of the depths of sea water, looks truly stunning and magnetic. At the top of the rock, the height of which is about 80 meters, the walls of the ancient abbey abut against the sky. At a height of 155.5 meters above sea level, a spire rises, at the end of which there is a golden figurine of an archangel with a sword.
The castle of Mont Saint-Michel is protected from all sides by the sea, and a dam leads to the mainland. Victor Hugo was here, and impressed by what he saw, he called this place "The Pyramid in the Ocean." Inland there is only one street, on both sides of which toy houses dating back to the 15th-16th centuries are huddled together. Many amazing legends are associated with this place, so it is better to see this place yourself and solve the mysteries of the island. Moreover, twice a year this place becomes an island, and during high tides the water rises by 10 meters. The most dangerous villains and criminals lived in the castle for half a century and is popularly called the “provincial Bastille”.
Greece, Santorini town on the mountain slopes
Santorini is beautiful mysterious place, with whose name many legends are associated. Some call him Pompeii Aegean, other - lost atlantis, but this island was recognized by numerous tourists as the most romantic. The wonderful Santorini archipelago, consisting of 5 islands, appeared 3500 years ago as a result of a volcanic explosion.
This enchanting island, thanks to its unique geography, is unlike any other place on Earth. It is famous for its unique architecture and colored sand beaches due to the volcanic properties of the soil. The city itself is located in a place with a special geological structure due to volcanic activity - this is its distinctive feature. On the steep coastline, snow-white houses rise above each other, where, finding yourself in the interweaving of arches, quarters and streets, it is easy to get lost. IN picturesque town Santorini history buffs are advised to visit the local museums: the Archaeological Museum and the Museum of Prehistoric Fera. There is so much here: business centers, sanctuaries, theaters, ruins of ancient buildings, houses and graves of different eras, hot springs.
I have never seen anything less like an earthly landscape. And she was glad when the lathered horses reached the top of the slope and trotted into the valley. There were no stately houses, no gardens - only rocks and brown, dead heather. Once a flock of black-nosed sheep was caught. Finally we passed a tiny village, low thatched houses that were huddled flat on the stony ground. Then we climbed the last slope, and the appearance of Blacktower appeared before my frightened eyes.
From the top of the slope we came to a wide plateau, strewn with gravel, and passed the powerful walls into the courtyard, illuminated by flaming torches. Mrs. Cannon woke up, got out of her cloak and hurried to the door.
The door opened onto a stone-floored corridor that was even colder than outside. At times we could smell the kitchen, which convinced me that we were in the back of the house, not far from the kitchen. Mrs. Cannon trotted briskly ahead of me, passing corridor after corridor, and finally we proceeded through the doors into the hallway at the entrance to the house. Wooden floors were laid on the wild stone; moreover, there were carpets, for which fact my cold ankles were very grateful. There was a heavy oak door in one of the walls, which probably led to the front door, where carriages drove up. A pretty ladder led to the second floor.
“We only use the west wing,” Mrs. Cannon explained panting as she climbed the steps. “The rest of the house is in ruins, and then it's too, too big.
But the western wing alone seemed to me completely immense. The corridors here were also carpeted and lit with candles in wall brackets.
Finally Mrs. Cannon stopped in front of one of the doors and opened it.
- This is my room. No, do not sit down, my dear, while I will see if all the necessary arrangements have been made for you.
She pulled the bell, and soon one of the maids answered the bell. The girl was young, of strong build, her hair was decorated with linen braid, and she was dressed in a dark home dress with a white apron and cap. Her plump pink face would be pretty if she weren't so sullen.
“Come in and close the door,” Mrs. Cannon ordered her sharply. “Miss Gordon, this young girl's name is Betty. She will answer your call the same way as mine. Well, speak up, you silly girl! - she added, and for a moment I thought that these words refer to me. - What room have you prepared for Miss Gordon?
- Red room, Mom.
- It is quite suitable. Come on, Betty, there's no point standing here with your mouth open; show Miss Gordon the red room.
The old lady had already settled down by the fire, placing both plump legs on the grate. I got up, not in the least surprised by her impudence; I already knew that Mrs. Cannon is a kind woman, but preoccupied primarily with her own convenience and comfort.
When I was already moving towards the door, she muttered through her doze:
“I'll dine here, Miss Gordon. Will you join me? Betty will lead you ...
I thanked her heartily, but I think the old lady fell asleep before the door closed behind me.
The red room, which was three doors down the hallway from Mrs. Cannon's, was as cheerful as her name. Fire danced in the hearth, casting warm reflections on the creamy curtains and curtains of the bed. The floor was covered with a bright Turkish carpet.
Betty barely closed the door behind us, and she immediately opened it again. A dull-looking servant entered the room without knocking, without ceremony threw my load on the floor and left.
After unpacking my luggage, I pulled a chair over to the fire and sank down on it with a sigh of relief. Having warmed up, I was almost dozing when Betty returned.
“If you like, miss, I came to ask if you would like me to help you change your clothes?
- I'm dressed, thank you. If Mrs. Cannon dines with all the ceremony, she will have to excuse me.
- The owner sent me to say that you will dine with him.
The owner, in fact, I thought. My first reaction was protest. I opened my mouth to say that I was too tired to endure a formal dinner tonight. But then I realized that it was just naivety. I was not Mr. Hamilton's guest, I was at his office. The invitation contained an order.
Obedient to some kind of stubbornness, I dressed in my best dress, although its plunging neckline and short sleeves left my shoulders bare and exposed from the cold. But in any case, the black moire went very well to my hair, and the skirt rustled when I moved. I combed my hair up, tucking it into a high crown, and letting some curls fall over my shoulders.
When I turned away from the dim reflection in the mirror, Betty stared at me with her mouth open.
- Does it suit me? I asked with a smile.
“You look so beautiful, miss!
I was right. She turned out to be quite pretty.
Shivering from the cold, I followed Betty into the living room. It was nice to know that in this house I already found a response in someone's soul, even if it was the soul of a servant. However, the living room amazed me. This is usually a room reserved for women, but this one did not contain any exquisite Dresden porcelain figurines or colored curtains. The furniture was old-fashioned and massive, crudely crafted and blackened from antiquity. The walls were hung with engravings of hunting subjects and bristled with the horns of poor dead deer. Strange, but only then did I first think of Mr. Gavin Hamilton. Mr. Hamilton had a daughter, so he must have had a wife at one time. Apparently he was a widower. But I kept wondering why his wife had never tried to furnish this room differently.
I could hardly look away from the stunning sight of Mrs. Cannon in evening dress to curtsey to my master. He hasn't changed; he was still wearing the same traveling coat and the same heavy boots that I had seen him in last night. He asked me how I had endured the trip, and I replied that it was good enough, although this, apparently, was superfluous. The conversation stalled. Mr. Hamilton devoted his full attention to the decanter of porter. Mrs. Cannon looked at him like a faithful dog who does not know exactly what is expected of her, and I warmed my legs by the fire.
We were invited to dinner by a rather strange man, disgusting looking, dressed in a dirty Scottish skirt and jacket. The tartan skirt interested me because I thought they were traditional Hamilton colors, but I could not clearly make out the pattern due to the splashes of dirt. An old servant led the procession, carrying a massive silver candelabrum, and we followed him into the older part of the house. The corridor with stone floors and stone walls was like a long cavern. Cold drafts pierced it, making the candlelight flame dance wildly. I felt like I was walking ankle-deep in the snow. Finally the old man leaned his shoulder against the massive door, paneled, and we entered the dining room.
In the old house, this must have been the main hall. There were candles on the table, which was long enough to accommodate thirty guests at once, but they gave too little light to overcome the impressive cave darkness of the room. The beams of the ceiling were lost in the blackness, something like a giant spider's web dangled from them.
The food that had to be carried through all these cold corridors from the kitchen to the west wing hit our table cold. Mr. Hamilton didn’t seem to have paid any attention to it. He talked animatedly about the antiquities of the castle, and what I at first took for cobwebs turned out to be torn flags and banners of the Hamiltons of the past. The owner also pointed out the portraits on the walls to me. I was ready to assume that they were there, but I could not see them. My legs turned to ice. As soon as I could, I immediately gave signals to Mrs. Cannon, indicating that I was exhausted, and hoping that, having heard my signal, she would guess that we could both leave and leave Mr. Hamilton alone with his wine. But she sat with her eyes closed, with the most vague smile. I started to climb.
Unlike the mountains, the rocks are not covered or only slightly, with rare exceptions, covered with vegetation, among which mosses and lichens predominate. In fact, these are boulders with steep slopes and all kinds of ledges. Like many other geological formations, nature has created them over millions of years, thanks to which they received the most incredible outlines, and sometimes colors, so there is something to see here. Jutting out over the sea or the valley, the rocks form absolutely incredible landscapes. Among them there are those that can outshine the most fantastic scenery. These 9 rock formations are a prime example of the fact that nature itself is the most skilled craftsman. 
Cliffs of Moher, Ireland
Coastal cliffs washed by waters Atlantic Ocean, stretched along the coast for 8 km. In different areas, the height of the rocks varies from 120 to 214 meters. The cliffs are believed to have formed over 300 million years ago. From these " stone giants»A truly stunning view opens up, over 1 million tourists come to admire it every year.
White Cliffs of Dover, UK
Framing coastline Strait of Pas-de-Calais cliffs are part of the North Downs. The height of the rocks reaches 107 meters. They are composed of chalk and flint, thanks to which they can be seen from the French Cape Gris-Neu, and among the sailors they won the fame of the symbol of the coast of England.
Preikestolen, Norway
A giant cliff overlooks the Lysefjord. The height of the rock formation is 604 meters. Its top is a natural observation platform, with an area of about 25 by 25 meters. From the cliff, a magnificent view opens up, from which even seasoned tourists are breathtaking.
Cabo Girao cliff, Portugal
This steep cliff is located on the south coast of Madeira Island. Cape Girao is considered the second largest cliff in the world. Its height is 589 meters. There is an observation deck at the top of the cliff, which provides tourists with the opportunity to "soar" over the ocean.Kalopapa, Hawaii
On the northern tip of Molokai, on the Kalopapa Peninsula, is one of the most scenic spots in Hawaii, the Kalopapa National Historical Park. One of the pearls of the park are sea cliffs over 1000 meters high. You can only get to them on foot or by horse. For their efforts, tourists will be rewarded with a magnificent view of the surrounding landscapes and the endless Pacific Ocean.
Peak Thor, Canada
This granite peak is recognized as the tallest vertical slope in the world. It is located in National park Auyuittuk on Baffin Island. The height of the peak is 1250 meters, and the slope of the wall is 105 degrees.
Half Dome, USA
The rock rises 1,450 meters above the Yosemite Valley. Consists of a monolith of granite. Half Dome is one of the largest monoliths in North America and his image is often used by various organizations as a logo. The Half Dome view is also printed on California driver's licenses.
Etretat, France
The cliffs of Etretat have become the hallmark of the town of the same name. Their height ranges from 80 to 120 meters. Nature has carved several unique arches in them. Due to the extraordinary whiteness of the chalk rocks, the rocks can be seen far out into the sea.
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