The biggest national parks of the world. National Parks of the World

On our planet there are enough stunning places, the centuries preserving their original beauty, despite all the attempts of a person to destroy it.

Almost every country has its own examples of nature reserves and national parks, but only a few of them can boast to the list of the largest on Earth.

Greenlandic national Park

The biggest national park in the world is located closer than all of its competitors from North Pole. Its territory is 972 thousand km². As an example, one hundred and sixty-three countries of the world have a smaller area than this reserve.

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It was founded in 1974. Ordinary people do not live here, only the staff. It is inhabited by about 10,000 sheeps - at least 40% of the general world population. In addition, here you can meet a walrus and a polar bear, reindeer, Gornostayev, Arctic Belyakov, etc. Vegetable world The terrain is predominantly lichen and mkhami. There are even birch and dwarf willows.

Rangel-Saint-Elaias (USA)

It continues the list of America's largest reserve, which is located on Alaska, is guarded by UNESCO. It takes 53 thousand km² - 9 states could accommodate on the lands of Saint Elaiac.

Educated in 1980. There are nine of the highest mountain peaks of the United States, and the 2nd mountain of Canada. Rangel-Saint Elaias visits 60,000 tourists per year. They are attracted to spacious plains, snow-covered mountain peaks, glaciers, which are more than one hundred and fifty.

Transboundary Park Limpopo

The territory covers the land of several african countries (Zimbabwe, Mozambique, South Africa) and consist of ten different zones forming one of the largest national parks of the world (37,000 km²). To date, the territory of the reserve has not yet been fully established, the 2nd phase of its development implies an expansion of up to 100 thousand km².

Limpopo's transboundary park was created relatively recently, in 2000. And representatives of the fauna began to appear here a year later. Here you can see leopards, giraffes, African elephants, spotted hyena, cheetahs and other, no less exotic, animals.

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Kruger (South Africa)

Kruger National Park - a typical example of African wildlife. One of the most beloved among the travelers the reserve (million guests per year) brings very good profits. Founded in 1898, he is the oldest in South Africa, located in the northeastern part of the country. The length is 340 km, the total area is 19 thousand km². Forms of three parts located between the rivers of Sabi and Oliphants. Entered into the UNESCO Heritage List.

The Kruger Nature Reserve boasts an interesting variety of African "unarmed" safari. Most animals can be seen in the central part of a huge national park. Here you can meet hippos, giraffes, elephants, leopards, crocodiles, white rhinos, as many as 17 types of antelope, more than 400 different birds.

Serengeti (Tanzania)

One of the most famous and large national parks of the world is considered an example of almost the most holistic planet ecosystem. The oldest reserve of Africa was created in 1929. Territory - almost 15,000 km².

Here lives 3 million individuals of large animals and without small 500 varieties of birds. Serengeti is also famous for the annual migrations of Million Antelope GNU, two hundred thousand Gazelles and Zebras - during the resettlement of animals overcome over 3,000 km.

Yellowstone (USA)

The next of the largest and oldest national parks of the world was founded back in 1872 in American Rocky Mountains. First of all, known for its geothermal sources, geysers and eruptions. Every year, Yellowstone visits about 3 million tourists from different countriesThe benefit for this has been created all the conditions.

On a huge area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve, you can see rivers, waterfalls, lakes, caves, mountains, canyons, and even volcano. Almost 2000 different plants are grown here. The local fauna is not less diverse: 311 species of birds, without a small 60 examples of mammals, among which Vilorogs, Losi, deer, Bears Grizzly, Bison ...

Snowdia (United Kingdom)

The following nature reserve is in the north of Wales. Named after the most high Place Wales - Snowdon Mountains (1085 meters). Created in 1951. Area - over 2 000 km². 26,000 people live in Snowdia, and 6 million tourists attend her land every year.

On the territory of one of the largest national parks in the world there are more than 2,000 km of open pedestrian trail, as well as 260 km trail for hiking and horseback walks. On the top of Mount Snowdon can be reached by both the funicular and pedestrian trail, 13 km long. Through Snowothy, several historical rail routes runs.

Bvindi (Uganda)

The area of \u200b\u200bthe reserve is 331 km², he is the most "small" from the list of the largest national parks of the world. Located in the jungle in the south-west of the country. You can travel exclusively on foot. It consists of forests located in the mountains and on the plains. Included in the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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This reserve is the largest example of the African ecosystem. About 340 gorillas live here (almost half of their population), 120 species of mammals, 346 different birds. Bvindi is famous for exotic butterflies, there are over 200 varieties here. Multifaceted and fauna - 163 types of trees and more than a hundred species of ferns grow on the local land.

Nature has created natural corners, where the peacefulness reigns and complete equilibrium. There are many such places on Earth and all of them are beautiful and interesting. The one who can experience this beauty and harmony has the right to consider itself truly happy. Save the integrity of nature and leave it untouched becomes more and more difficult. Man and his economic activity violate this balance. Those corners that remained intact, are protected and called reserves. The most beautiful reserves of the world are presented in this article.

Ielloustone Reserve

This place on Earth can be called one of the most beautiful. Located the Ielloustone Reserve in the United States. For a long time, the existence of such a corner could not believe on the planet. Then the land was not fully investigated North America. This reserve includes 3000 geysers. incredible beauty and heights. These are two thirds of all sources in the world. There are also about 300 waterfalls, the height of which exceeds 4.5 meters.

The reserve is located among two huge canyons. Here you can find a large number of representatives of flora and fauna. Such parks and nature reserves contribute to the list natural facilities World Heritage UNESCO. This unique park amazes with its beauty. Rivers, ravines, waterfalls, rocky Mountains, thermal sources - All this in the aggregate is a magnificent ensemble created by nature. Here is the largest geyser, which is called a steamer. One of the sources, the old servant, is distinguished by the regularity of its eruptions. The pillar's height reaches 40 meters. Most beautiful waterfall The Nizhny Reserve has a height of 94 meters, which is two times higher than Niagara. Most big Lake It has an area of \u200b\u200b350 square meters. Its depth exceeds 115 meters.

Karst Lakes Croatia

Natural nature reserves are unusual and amazing places. Plitvitsky refers to the unique corners of the planet created by nature. It consists of a huge forest massif with 16 interrelated lakes. The park is located in Croatia Karst Mountains. The territory of the reserve is 297 kilometers square. Lakes are located on Plitvice Plateau between the two mountains.

The lakes are two groups that are interrelated with each other. The total area of \u200b\u200bthe lake is 2 square kilometers. Between the lakes there are dams created by nature. Plants and bacteria accumulating, form barriers. These natural barriers grow at a speed of 1 centimeter per year. Lakes have an unusual color, from azure to blue. Their color may vary depending on the fall of the sun's rays and the activity of microorganisms. Like many nature reserves, this park is included in the World Heritage List.

Snowdonia

UK National Park Snowdonia is an amazing corner of our planet. On its territory, area 2 square kilometers, Located the highest mountain Wales - Snowdon. Unique places for their beauty leave no tourist indifferent. 2381 kilometers trail are laid on the park. 264 kilometers of them are designed for hiking, horse and bicycle walk. Fauna and flora of the reserve amazes with their diversity. There are very rare birds and animals.

Serengeti National Park

In the area there is a Serengeti National Park. It is located between two sights: Lake Victoria and Kilimanjaro volcano. If we consider all the Serengeti is the most beautiful pearl in this necklace.

The uniqueness of this park is that a large number of animal species is represented here, including unique. It is considered to be very rare if a buffalo, lion, giraffe, elephant and leopard are found on the territory. In the rainy season in Savannah in the east of the park, herds are going to hundreds of thousands of ZEBR and antelope GNU. In search of water and food in such quantity is an unforgettable and majestic sight. The landscape in the park is also diverse, from desert lands to green hills and wooded areas. Africa nature reserves are among the most ancient on Earth.

Canadian park Canada

Canada National Park "Banff" is one of the most beautiful places on the ground. There are all: Rocky Mountains, Eternal Glaciers, Picturesque Landscapes, Stormy Rivers with Crystal Clean Water, Coniferous Forests, mountain lakes, and many representatives of flora and fauna. Nature here is virgin and untouched by a person. Therefore, animals feel free and safe here. Park is located in the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains.

This is the largest reserve of the American continent. Its area is about 6.6 thousand kilometers. Various Rocky Mountains alternate with deep valleys, which are covered by glacial formations. Three are subdivided here climatic belts: Forest mountain, alpine and subalpine. Each corner of this park opens beautiful landscapeswho delight the tourist. All world reserves can be called in their own way unique. These are corners not touched by a person in whom their laws and rules reign.

Little can compare with magic and splendor of the African wildlife. It is unlikely that any other national park in the world from the point of view of its untouched countryside, wild wildlife and the vast area of \u200b\u200bthe region can be compared with the Kruger's reserve in South Africa.

The Kruger National Park is able to offer one of the best safaris in the world. In one place, you can see a wide range of the largest mammals on Earth, a large number of birds, large predators and their victims. If you are a fan of wildlife, then definitely this place is for you.

Sagarmatha National Reserve, Nepal

High and majestically located in the Himalayas, the Nepalian Reserve of the Sagarmatha includes three out of ten high mountains In the world, including Everest. Endless glaciers, breathtaking valleys with pristine snow make nature Park Sagarmatha part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site. And, of course, for lovers of wildlife, do not visit this high-altitude reserve - it means to lose something important.

Fjordland Reserve, New Zealand

If you are a lover of magnificent fjords and boat walks, then this is the place that needs to be visited. The main attraction is Milford Sound (Milford Sound), but, in addition, the remaining 14 fjords with the most romantic landscapes Make this park unique placenot similar to any reserve in the world.

Galapagos Islands National Park, Ecuador

Galapagos Islands with amazing landscapes, surrounded by clear blue water, is just a paradise for exotic animals and wildlife. Unique atmosphere The islands represents historical and scientific value. Recently, environmental tourism initiatives have been fully supported here.

Tikal National Park, Guatemala

Traveling to Tikal National Park is, first of all, a means for learning the heritage of Maya. Located in the wild jungle, Tikal hides fantastic ruins of Maya settlements, which are dating about 250-900 AD. Even what remains from those times is striking the imagination of tourists amazing architecture Temples and variety of various wild animals. Tikal is a place for amazing adventures and unforgettable impressions.

Reserve "Yellow Dragon", China

Calcium precipitate creates a gold illusion here, which gave the name of this place - "yellow dragon". Also, this reserve is a house for a cute, known to the world of Panda - a symbol of WWF.

The territory is characterized by a unique closed ecosystem with waterfalls, hot springs, virgin forests and snow caps on the tops of the mountains, where such disappearing species like Sichuan gold-bearing monkeys and a gigantic panda are inhabited. "Yellow Dragon" - True Mecca for photographers from around the world.

Iguazu National Reserve, Argentina

The guarded territory, which enters the World Heritage, is the most impressive place in Brazil and Argentina. Exciting the imagination of waterfalls with a height of more than 70 meters and a width of 1500 meters are habitat best species fauna South America. Types of surrounding subtropical forests will not leave anyone indifferent.

Cockada National Reserve, Australia

Cockada National Reserve is located in North Australia. This typical Australian landscape is one of the few places listed in the World Heritage List, both because of its natural and due to cultural significance.

The reserve extends more than 3.2 million acres and includes several territories of the traditional residence of the indigenous peoples of the continent. Wonderful South Alligator rivers, coastal beaches, tropical forests and monsoon winds make national Reserve Cockada welcome to visit.

People's Reserve, Switzerland

Although Switzerland is the most famous Magic Alps, there is a single national reserve, which, nevertheless, is worth a visit. The Swiss National Park was created in 1914 and inhabited by a huge variety of interesting animals, such as Sulna, a mountain goat, Berkut or bearded vulture. Rivers, vertices of the snowy mountains and alpine valleys represent nature in its picturesque manifestations.

Machu Picchu, Peru

Majestic Machu Picchu was the most popular tourist purpose in Peru for many years. Regardless of how many times the tourist was here to enjoy the greatness of ancient monuments, the journey in the tracks of the Inca always brings excitement, adventures and secrets.

The variety of wildlife is the guarantee of our well-being.

The nature of our planet is amazingly rich and diverse. The world is full of amazing creations. Where the person does not intervene, nature lives and is formed by the perfect laws established by the Creator. But with the arrival of civilization everything changes. Unfortunately, from time immemorial, a person killed animals and cut down the forest. Over time, people settled almost the entire planet. As a result of human activity, many plants and animals have lost their usual habitats or even disappeared from the face of the earth.

Goals of creating national parks.

The main goal of creating national parks and reserves is the protection of living organisms that balance on the verge of extinction. Do not be protected areas, elephants, rhinos, bison and bison would only remain in zoos, and some animals, such as dragons of the Komodo - giant varanas, dwelling only in the Komodo National Park (on the island of the same name), would have disappeared. However, despite the general name, national parks Each has been created for their special purpose.

Introduction

1. The purpose of creating national parks

2. Justification of the topic of the topic

3. The main idea of \u200b\u200bwork

4 Main part

• National Parks World
• Panaarvi National Park
• National Park "Taganay"
• Zabaykalsky National Park
• Olympic National Park
• Yellowstone National Park
• Monteverde National Park

5. Information sources

Main part

National Park is a territory where in order to protect ambient The human activity is limited.

Unlike reserves, where human activity is almost completely prohibited (hunting, tourism, etc.) are prohibited, tourists are allowed to the territory of national parks, and economic activities are allowed on a limited scale.

There are more than 1,000 national parks in the world. In Russia, there are 29.

Panaarvi National Park. Russia.

Panaarvi National Park is located in the north-west of the Republic of Karelia, in the most sublime part of it. The Panaarvi National Park was formed on May 20, 1992 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation. The area of \u200b\u200bthe National Park is 104,473 hectares.

Plant world - the main attraction of the park. Its originality is determined by three factors - the low-known nature of the relief, the presence of carbonate rocks (dolomites) conducive to growing many calcchil plants and, finally, the presence of large natural arrays.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe National Park, 217 species of vertebrate animals were recorded: 36 species of mammals, 160 - birds, 3 - amphibians and reptiles, 17 - fish and 1 type of chapterhead.

Pearl Park is a Panaarvi Lake, characterized by small sizes (1.5 by 24 km) exceptional depth (128 m). There are many thresholds on rivers, there are significant waterfalls. The reservoirs are replete with valuable fish rocks.

The natural and historical value of the park is unique. Beautiful landscapes, rich vegetable and animal world, the ability to relax in the pristine silence, rich fishing - all this attracts visit the park of tourists, researchers, photographers, many nature lovers. Currently, there is about 2.5 thousand visitors in the National Park. It is planned to increase tourists in the next three years to 6-8 thousand per year.

National Park "Taganay" (Russia)

The National Park "Taganay" was organized in 1991. It is located in the western part of the Chelyabinsk region, in the territory of the Zlatoust and Kusinsky administrative districts. The length of the park from north to south is 52 km, from west to east on average 10-15 km.

National Park "Taganay" is located in one of the most unique corners Southern Urals - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Taganai mountain node, just nor in the old Ural city of Zlatoust. Here almost intact preserved many valuable environmental systems - mountain tundra and meadows.

In the flora, about 800 species of higher vascular plants are noted, 28 of which are rare and disappearing. Koslya live, boar, elk, beaver, brown bear, lynx, wolf, curtain, ermine, caress, otter.

On the territory of the National Park there are ancient mineral copy, the riches of which are presented in the collections of many mineralogical museums both in Russia and beyond mountain country With its vertices and interguramonary valleys, rapid mountain rivers and light swamps, tundra and a small taiga, the place is perhaps one of the most beautiful in the southern Urals.

Transbaikal National Park (Russia)

Zabaykalsky National Park was formed in 1986 in the territory of the Republic of Buryatia in order to preserve the unique natural complex of the Lake Baikal basin. National Park is located on eastern coast Oz. Baikal, in the central part of the Republic of Buryatia, on the territory of the Barguzinsky district. In the north, the territory of the Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve is adjacent to the border of the National Park.

As part of the flora, many endemic, rare and relict plants. According to preliminary estimates of the flora, the park is more than 700 species of vascular plants. The habitats of many species listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 19 endemic species, 9 species of rare on Baikal were marked here.

In the territory of the National Park, 291 species of ground vertebrates were registered: 44 species of mammals, 241 - birds, 3 - reptiles and 3 types of amphibians. The most common types of mammals of medium and large sizes: hareboat, squirrel, ondatra, sable, ermine, brown bear, noble deer, elk. 49 species of ground vertebrates found in the park are listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation.

Olympic National Park. (USA)

Olympic National Park is located in the northwestern United States, in Washington, is famous for its amazing nature. Total goodbye Park 350 000 hectares. Here, in the Pacific Mist, enveloping the coast and forest, are hiding big trees, as well as broken coastline. The climate of this area is one of the most wetted on the planet. The park has mountains with snow-covered vertices and with slowly sliding glaciers, as well as rain forests, the same mysterious and dark as tropical forests in the Amazon area.

In 1788, one English captain in honor of the legendary dwelling of the mythical gods of ancient Greece called the highest of these mountains (its height of almost 2,500 meters) Olympus. And in 1938, in order to preserve the inviolability of the virgin nature of these seats, the Olympic National Park was created.

Virung National Park (Africa)

Virung is one of the oldest national parks of Africa. It is located in the north-east of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. For 300 kilometers, the park border coincides with the state borders of Rwanda and Uganda. The year of the official birth of Virung Park is considered to be 1929. Then he was named Albert National Park and Kivu. In 1969, a separate National Virung National Park was allocated from the single environmental object of Albert and Kivu.

Currently, the territory of the park borders with the lands of Ruzvenzori National Park in Uganda and the National Park of Volcanoes in Rwanda. A few years ago, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Uganda made an initiative to create a cross-border biosphere reserve in the border area, in which the National Virung National Park was.

Virung National Park Square 790 thousand. Landscapes on the territory of the National Park are very diverse. Here you can meet herbaceous and wood savannah, low-speed wet forests, bamboo thickets, swamps, meadows and glaciers.

Yellowstone National Park (USA)

Yellowstone National Park - Founded by the US Congress in 1872, he became the first national park in the country. The park takes almost 900 thousand hectares and is located mainly on the lands of Wyoming.

The main attractions of the park - Geysers and Mammoth hot springs - make it come here a huge number of tourists from all over the world.

According to its grandiiness, Yellowstone geysers are considered unsurpassed. The colossal power of geysers is difficult to imagine - some of them are thrown over only about 5 thousand tons of water to a height of up to 100 meters. Each emission continues for a few seconds, then the Water Pole is popped and the geyser subsides until the next time.

Another sight of the park is Mammoth hot springs. Hot water saturated with various chemical impurities, for centuries and millennia, formed deposits of complex and diverse shapes - drums, step terraces, pyramids, and even something like stalactites, which suggest thinking about the cave located on the surface of the Earth.

Most of the park is occupied by coniferous forests, in which many animals close to extinct in other areas have found shelter.

Here you can meet black, bison, moose and deer, as well as a lot of smaller animals and a huge number of birds.

Monteverd National Park (Costa Rica)

In the 1960s, a group of scientists and local residents founded a cloudy forest reserve in Monteverde, which in time included the watershedral zone. Since then, the reserve has repeatedly expanded, and now it covers approximately 10,500 hectares.

This reserve is one of the most attractive places in Costa Rica. Every year about 50,000 tourists rise across a steep, winding dirt road to get into Monteverd. Numerous lovers of birds and naturalists come here to watch all sorts of birds, animals and plants that have found refuge in the reserve and nearby territories.

Conclusion

In the XX - XIX century, environmental pollution has become a real problem for almost the entire planet. Waste can fall into underground water supply systems and cause serious harm to the health of people and animals. "We do not know what to do with all the chemicals produced by the modern industry," a Hungarian scientist was recognized from the Budapest Institute of Hydrology. "We cannot even keep track of them."

Our goal is to preserve unique geothermal phenomena, multicast prairies, unique glaciers, exciting species, abundance of life forms.

Information sources

1. www.nparks.ru.
2. www.vokrugsveta.ru.
3. Discs - Golden Globe "US National Parks
4. Dorusheva V. A. "National Parks and Reserves"
5. Zaicin S. N. "Wonders of the World"
6. Marchenkova A.V. "This amazing world”
7. Shcherbakov V.I. "National Parks of the World"