Archipelago of 300 km square. Archipelago "Peace" in Dubai

Solovki is a canvas, woven from spiritual power and bodily weakness, human joy and universal grief, willpower, the strength of the will and betrayal, a beautiful lie and ugly truth, hissing of the surf and unique sunsets, silvery fish and the shelest of wings. It shocks the roots of heather and the rays of the sun, covered with snow and highlighted northern Lights, Furious blood, vodka and rains. Solovki bezed on the White Sea winds, overflowing all the colors of life, and rustle their stories to everyone who wants to hear them.

Solovetsky archipelago (Solovki) is located in the Onega Gulf, 164 kilometers from the Conditional Line of the Polar Circle. The archipelago consists of six large and about 260 small islands. Square big Solovetsky Islands - 221.8 km2, and the area of \u200b\u200bthe whole archipelago exceeds 300 km2. The highest point is the Mountain Verbokolskaya (88.2 m) on.

Photo: Cyril Ponomarev

The geographical location of the archipelago led to the appearance of its own microclimate: there is a cherry on the islands (but not fruits) cherry, cedar pines, cocks, hazel. Most of The archipelago is covered with coniferous and deciduous forests, but individual sites are tundra and forest tundra. An important role in the formation of the archipelago played a glacier. At Solovki more than 600 fresh lakes, in which perch, roach, pike, Nalim, Trout. In the forests you can meet a hare-beyak, fox, protein. In the rare years, when the White Sea freezes, the reindeer comes and elk. Among marine animals - Nerpe, Beluha, Sea hare, Greenland seal. Tubat, Pinagor, Kambala, Cod, Navaga and Solovetskaya Herring are found in the sea. The coastal strip of the archipelago is unusually rich in algae plantations - sea cabbage (laminaria), Fukus and angellation, from which agar-agar is mined.

Photo: Cyril Ponomarev

The history of the development of the Solovetsky archipelago has about 7,000 years. Ancient parking, mounds and seats were found here. Most mysterious monuments There are shrines of the III-II millennium BC, including the famous. The main historical and architectural monuments of the archipelago are associated with the history of the existing spiritual monastery and the most northern medieval fortress of the world. , reflected in the waters of the Holy Lake or Bay of Welfare - one of the most popular and beloved views. IN Soviet time The archipelago was located first in the USSR a special purpose camp, which posted the beginning of Stalin's Gulag. More than 10,000,000 prisoners passed through and their branches on the mainland.

Today, the territory of the Solovetsky Archipelago and the adjacent water area is the reserve. In 1992, the historical and architectural ensemble of the Solovetsky Monastery is included in the list World Heritage UNESCO, and in 1995, attributed to particularly valuable objects of natural and historic Heritage Russia.

text: According to the materials of the guidebook "History of the Solovetsky Archipelago", the author of Oleg Kodolo

photo in the upper block: Svetlana Lanka, Anna Khazova, Igor Pavlov, Lyudmila Gagarinova, Evgeny Kondratyev, Nikolai Quartnakers, Cyril Ponomarev

Photo: Natalia Bochkareva

And you know how many times the most big Island Russia is less than the largest island of the world? Read the post and find out.

№10. Elsmir (Canada) - 196 236 km2

Elsmir - the North Island of Canada - is among the top ten largest islands in the area in the world. Due to the harsh climate, the population of the island is about 150 people.

On the territory of Elsmir, the remains of prehistoric animals were repeatedly found. The first settlers were nomads from Siberia. In 1250, the people of Tula, the ancestors of Eskimos settled on the territory. But by the middle of the 18th century, the island became desertless.

The island was opened in 1616 by the English navigator William Buffin.

№9. Victoria (Canada) - 217 291 km2

At the ninth place in Square - Victoria Island (Canada). The island was opened in 1838 during the Expedition of the British researcher Thomas Simpson.

In the 50s of the 20th century on the island there were several settlements in which meteorologists lived. By the end of the 20th century, the population of the population will increase by the settlers of the Eskimos, who engaged here commercial activities.

№8. Honshu (Japan) - 227 970 km2

Honshu is the largest island of the Japanese archipelago and ranks 8 line rating the largest islands in the world. On the island of Honshu are the largest Japanese cities: Tokyo, Iokohama, Osaka, Nagoya, Kyoto, Hiroshima, etc.

The island is covered by many volcanoes, some of them valid. The population of the island is more than 103 million people.

№7. United Kingdom (United Kingdom) - 229 848 km2

Great Britain takes 7 place in the list of the largest islands in the world and is the most big island Among the British islands and in Europe as a whole.

The beginning of the History of Great Britain is the period of Roman conquest in 43 BC, but the island was more early History.

The United Kingdom was populated by the people noto several hundred thousand years ago. Modern man arrived at British Isles Prior to the beginning of the last glacial period, but retreated to South Europe due to glaciers covering the territory of the island. According to archaeological finds, after 12,000 BC. e. The British Islands were again populated. About 4,000 years BC. e. The island was populated by people of neolithic culture.

To date, the population is the population of the UK islar more than 61 million, which makes it the most densely populated area of \u200b\u200bEurope.

№6. Sumatra (Indonesia) - 443,066 km2

Sumatra - the sixth is the island in the world. It is located immediately in two hemispheres, since almost the middle of the island passes the equator. Island belongs to Indonesia and enters Malay Archipelago. It is in the zone of frequent earthquakes and tsunami.

To date, the population of the island of Sumatra is more than 50 million people. Main cities Sumatra: Medan, Palembang, Padang. People live on Sumatra, about 90% confesses Islam.

Approximately 73 thousand years ago on the island of Sumatra, there was an explosion of the Toba volcano. This event led to 1800 years of the glacial period and a reduction in the number of human population up to 2,000 people.

The name of the island comes from the Sanskrit word Samudra - "Ocean", or "Sea".

№5. Baphinova Earth (Canada) - 507 451 km2

Buffinova Earth is the first in the area among Canada Islands and the fifth in the world. Due to the harsh climatic conditions of the island, the population is about 11 thousand people. Bigger locality Islands - Ikaluit.

The first description of the island made William Buffin in 1616, in honor of him and called the island.

№4. Madagascar (Madagascar) - 587 713 km2

The fourth line of the rating is the island of Madagascar. Located in the Indian Ocean eastern Shore Africa. The island is the state of Madagascar (the capital of Antananarivo). To date, the population of Madagascar island is more than 24 million people.

Locals call Madagascar Red Island due to soil color. More than half of animals living in Madagascar will not meet on the mainland, and 90% of plants are endemics.

Number 3. Kalimantan (Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei) - 748 168 km2

Kalimantan or Borneo Third largest island in the world. It is divided between 3 states: Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunhem. The island is located in the center of the Malay Archipelago.
Kalimantan in the local language means a diamond river. He is named so thanks to its rich resources, in particular a large number of diamonds.

The first people settled Calimant about 40 thousand years ago. To date, the population of about 20 million people. More than 300 ethnic groups live on the island.

№2. New Guinea (Indonesia, Papua New Guinea) - 785 753 km2

New Guinea still has places where there was no man. This place attracts researchers of flora and fauna, as they can meet here the rarest species of animals and plants. More than 11 thousand species of plants live here, 600 unique species Birds, over 400 species of amphibians, 455 species of butterflies and about a hundred famous mammalian species.

New Guinea Bala is populated by a person at least 45 thousand years before. e. from Asia. From the first settlers and there were more than a thousand Papuans and Melanesian tribes. The absence of large animals suitable for domestication on the island prevented the development of agriculture and made it impossible cattle breeding. This contributed to the preservation of the primitive-communal system in the large territories of New Guinea until today's days. Mountain landscape contributed to the isolation of people from each other, as a result of which a huge variety of languages \u200b\u200bappeared on the island.

The Portugal Dong George di Menezish, who landed on the island in 1526 became the discoverer of New Guinea. According to legend, he gave the island of the name "Papua", which is translated as curly, is connected with Curly hair of local aborigines.

To date, the population of New Guinea island is more than 9.5 million people.
On the territory of New Guinea, there is an ancient agricultural settlement of Cook, showing the isolated development of agriculture for 7-10 millennia and the UNESCO World Heritage List.

№1. Greenland (Denmark) - 2 130 800 km2

The biggest island in the world is Greenland. Green country, as it is also called this island, belongs to Denmark. Due to glacial coating (84% of the surface) and unfavorable climatic conditions Most of the island is not populated. To date, the population of Greenland is more than 57 thousand people. The largest settlement of the island is Nuuk (Gothob).

Several thousand years before the arrival of Europeans, Greenland Eskimos lived on the island, who call themselves inuita. Inuit adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic climate and feel quite comfortable. They proof of the centuries are engaged in fishing fish and hunting.

From Europeans first on the island joined Norman Gunbyorn in 875. In 982, Eric Rauda with several comrades, sent from Iceland for their crimes committed on the island. Later, Norwegian Vikings joined them. In 983, the first Norman Colony was founded in Greenland.

After the settlement of Greenland Europeans, the island was repeatedly transmitted from hand to hand. Until 1536, the island belonged to Norway, then began to belong to Denmark, in accordance with the unia between Denmark and Norway. In 1721, a Danish colony called Gothoba was officially established on the island. In 1814, after termination of UNIs between Norway and Denmark, Greenland became completely possession of Denmark.

The main activity of the population of Greenland is fisheries. But at the end of the 20th century, the breeding of reindeer and sheep and oil mining appeared. Tourism and air transport plays a major role. Greenland is visited annually more than 20 thousand tourists.

The biggest island of Russia (Sakhalin) is less than the largest island of the world (Greenland), 27 times.

The largest islands of Russia:
Sakhalin - 76600 km2
North - 48904 km2
South - 33275 km2
Boiler - 23200 km2
October Revolution - 13708 km2

Incredible facts

The total number of islands on our planet is incredibly difficult to calculate.

Every year new islands appear in the world, but the biggest islands still remain in their places.

Here you can learn both the most largest islands in the world and the largest island states and even the largest lake islands.

NOTE: Australia is still more considered to be the continent, rather than an island, but if we consider it an island, then this is the largest island on Earth, with an area of \u200b\u200b7,618,493 square meters. km.

1. Island Greenland

On our planet, Greenland considers the largest island. Its local name sounds like Calallit-Nunat. The island area is 2,166,086 square meters. km.

Population (2016): 57 728 people.

The highest point:Gunbjern (3,700 meters).

Region:Greenland.

Country:Denmark.

Facts about Greenland

* The capital of Greenland Nuuk is the smallest city-capital city in the world. His population is only 15,105 people (according to July 2009).

* It is believed that Greenland was settled in prehistoric times with various Paleoee groups. However, archaeological studies show that the Inuits settled here about 2,500 to our era.

* The first Europeans arrived here in 985. They were Norwegians and Icelanders. They were called Norwegian Greenland.

The most interesting about the beautiful island of Greenland you can find out just below or pressing HERE .

2. New Guinea Island

Area - 785,753 square meters. km.

The highest point: 4884 meters.

Population (2010): 9,500,000 people.

Countries: Indonesia, Papua New Guinea.

Facts about New Guinea

Mount Bagan - active volcano. Height 1730.

* Western Island New Guinea is located on Indonesia, and her east End On the territory of the state of Papua - New Guinea.

* New Guinea is the largest island divided between countries.

* There are 11,000 species of plants, 600 rare bird species, more than 400 species of amphibians, more than 450 species of butterflies, as well as about 100 mammalian species.

* In antiquity, this island was connected to the Australian continent.

* For Europe, New Guinea opened in the 16th century Spanish and Portuguese navigators.

* His name is the island from the Spanish navigator Iniigo Ortis de Retes. When he arrived on the island in 1545, it seemed to him that the locals were very similar to the aborigines who live in African Guinea.

3. Borneo Island

Area - 748 168 square meters. km.

Archipelago: Malay archipelago.

Country: Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia.

The highest point: Mount Kinabalu, 4095 meters.

Population (2010): 19 800,000 people.

Facts about Borneo Island

* On this island grows the largest flower in the world - Rafflezia, the smell of which, according to local residents, similar to the smell of a decompanying corpse.

* Borneo has a rainforest, which is already more than 130 million years. It dwells a lot of species of rare animals: Sumatran rhino, Asian elephant, Borenesky smoky leopard and others.

4. Island Madagascar

Area - 587,713 square meters. km.

Country:Madagascar.

The highest point: 2961 meters.

Population (2008):20 042 552 people.

Facts about Madagascar

* Millions of years ago, Madagascar was part of one land Gondwana, and about 60 million years ago, this island was first separated from the mainland and thus became the first island on our planet.

* The first people hit Madagascar about 2,000 years ago.

* From the Europeans, the first who noticed this island was the Portuguese navigator of Diego Diaz. This happened at the beginning of the XVI, and after that Madagascar became one of the most important trading points on the way to India.

* On the island they speak Malagasy, French and English.

* Since the island is rich in iron and aluminum, he was called the Great Red Island.

* Country Madagascar ranks first in the cultivation and export of Vanilla.

5. Buffinova Earth Island

Area - 503,944 square meters. km.

Country: Canada.

Region:Nunavut.

The highest point: 2147 meters.

Population (2007):11,000 people.

Facts about the island of Buffinova Earth

* Buffinova The earth is a very cold and practically not populated place.

* Here you can find the peak of Torah, named in the honor of the Scandinavian God. It is worth noting that the peak of the Torah is the highest opening on our planet.

* Buffhin Island The land was named after the famous British traveler William Buffhin, who in 1616 first described this island. It is believed that it was Buffin that is its discoverer.

* More than half of the territory island is located behind the polar circle. For this reason, there are polar day and night.

6. Sumatra Island

Area - 443 066 sq. M. km.

Country:Indonesia.

The highest point: 3800 meters.

Population (2010):50 600,000 people.

Facts about Sumatra

* On the island is the volcano Toba, which is considered, and caused the last ice age. Approximately 70,000 years ago, this volcano exploded and thousands of cubic kilometers of ashes, hiding the rays of the sun for many years, hit the air. Today in Calder Volcano Toba there is a beautiful lake of the same name, and in his center there is another island - Samosira, inside which there is also a lake - Sidohney.

* Scientists believe that the eruption of volcanic Krakatau on the island led to the formation of the strait between the islands of Sumatra and Java. In 1883, the volcano exploded and together with the island on which he was, they went to the bottom of the sea. Today, a new mountain was formed in his place - Krakataau ("Chisty Krakatau"), which grows each year for 7 meters.

* The Batakov tribes still live on the island. Before the adoption of Christianity, these tribes were canned.

* The world's most expensive "Copy Luvak" is grown here on Sumatra. The fact is that one animal dwells on the island - a copy-Luvak, which adores coffee berries. Of course, he chooses only the best berries. They are digested by the Copy Luvak not completely. The locals are collected, washed and roasted, creating coffee.

7. Honshu Island

Area - 225,800 square meters. km.

Country: Japan.

The highest point: 3776 meters.

Population (2010): 100,000,000 people.

Facts about the island of Honshu

* On the island of Honshu is Mount Fuji - the symbol of the country of the rising sun.

* There is often an earthquake, as Honsu is at the intersection of 3 formation plates.

* There are also the biggest Japanese cities of Japan - Tokyo, Iokohama, Osaka, Kyoto.

8. United Kingdom Island

Area - 229,957 square meters. km.

Archipelago:British Isles.

Country: Great Britain.

Regions:England, Scotland, Wales.

The highest point: 1,344 meters.

Population (2011): 61 371 315 people.

Facts about the United Kingdom

* The United Kingdom is also called Albion, since it used to be known as the Earth of Albinos. The Romans were called the word "Britain" (Lat. Britannia) British Islands, from where the name of this island occurred. But the "Great" decided to add to the word "Britain" so that the country begins as a political unit. Today we have a Britain Island and a geopolitical unit called the UK.

* Prime Meridian Crosses the axis of the Greenwich Observatory located in London.

* Since the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland It is a single state, then "British" can be called any person living in its territory, even if he is from Scotland or Northern Ireland.

9. Victoria Island

Area - 220,548 square meters. km.

Country:Canada

Regions:Nutanyut, Northwest Territories

The highest point: 665 meters

Population (2001): 1707 people.

Facts about the island of Victoria

* Thomas Simpson was the first to open this island in 1838. The British researcher decided to name the island in honor of the British Queen Victoria, who was also Queen of Canada in the period 1867 - 1901.

* Here is the largest island inside the island inside the island.

10. Elsmir Island

Area - 183,965 square meters. km.

Country:Canada

Region: Nunavut.

The highest point: 2616 meters

Population (2006):146 people.

Facts about Elsmir Island

* Island decorated big Mountains and ice fields. Elsmir is the most high-mountainous part of the Canadian Arctic ArxiPelaga.

* Island is plain ice from the last glacial period, but only 1/3 of its territory is covered with glaciers.

10 largest island states of the world

1. Indonesia - 1 912 988 square meters. km.

2. Madagascar - 587,01 square meters. km.

3. Papua - New Guinea - 462,840 square meters. km.

4. Japan - 377,837 square meters. km.

5. Philippines - 300,000 square meters. km.

6. New Zealand - 270 534 square meters. km.

7. United Kingdom - 242 910 sq. M. km.

8. Cuba - 110 860 sq. M. km.

9. Iceland - 103,000 square meters. km.

10. Ireland - 70,273 square meters. km.

10 largest volcanic islands

These islands were formed as a result of volcanic eruptions at the bottom of the sea.

1. Sumatra, Indonesia - 473,481 square meters. km.

2. Honshu, Japan - 225,800 square meters. km.

3. Java, Indonesia - 138,794 square meters. km.

4. North, New Zealand - 111,583 square meters. km.

5. Luzon, Philippines - 109,965 square meters. km.

6. Iceland - 103,000 square meters. km.

7. Mindanao, Philippines - 97,530 square meters. km.

8. Hokkaido, Japan - 78,719 square meters. km.

9. New Britain, Papua - New Guinea - 35,45 square meters. km.

10. Halkeher, Indonesia - 18,040 square meters. km.

10 largest lakes

1. Manitulin, Lake Huron, Canada - 2.766 sq. M. km.

2. Rene-levices, the Nyalganic reservoir, Quebec, Canada - 2,000 square meters. km.

3. Olkhon, Lake Baikal, Russia - 730 square meters. km.

4. Ail-Royal, Lake Top, Michigan, USA - 541 square meters. km.

5. Ucesev, Lake Victoria, Tanzania - 530 square meters. km.

10

• Area: 316 km 2.
• Population: 429 344 people
• Density: 1432 people / km 2
• Motto: "Valor and Constancy"
• Form of government: Parliamentary Republic, democracy
• Capital: Valletta.

Republic of Malta - island state In the Mediterranean Sea. The name comes from the Ancient Pinsky Malat ("Harbor", "Refuge").

In 1964, Malta was independence from the UK, and since 1974 the republic was proclaimed, but until 1979, when the last British naval base was eliminated in Malta, the British Queen was still considered the head of state.

The territory of Malta is presented by the Maltese archipelago, mainly from Malta and Gozo. It also includes uninhabited islands St. Paul and Film, the incentive island of Comino, as well as tiny comoinotto and phylfolete. Malta length - 27 km, width - 15 km (less than the diameter of the Moscow Ring car expensive). Gozo is half less, and Comino is only 2 km long. Malta is the only country in Europe, which lacks constant rivers and natural lakes.

9

• Area: 300 km 2.
• Population: 341 256 people
• Density: 1 359 people / km 2
• Form of government: Presidential republic
• Capital: Male

The Maldly Republic refers to the states of South Asia and is located on the group of atolls consisting of 1192 coral islands, in the Iidian Ocean to the south of India.

The islands of the slightly rise above the ocean: the most high Point The archipelago - on the southern atoll of Addu (Siena) - 2.4 m. Thanks to this, the Maldives are known as the lowest state.

The total area is 90 thousand km², the land area is 298 km 2. The capital of Male is the only city and port of the archipelago - is located on the atoll monopho.

As for tourism, it is worth noting that all major beauty of Maldives are located below sea level, on landmarks are not observed on landmarks. There is little remarkable capital Male, many uninhabited islands similar to each other, where they love to arrange picnics, as well as a kind of "action" - a fishing excursion. Perhaps the only remarkable aerial tour is "photo flying", flying over the islands on the seaplane. Other popular excursions are a cruise on a yacht or immersion on a submarine. The most common way of pastime among tourists in Maldives - Diving, the benefit of coral reefs is near every island. Also popular windsurfing, catamaran, water skiing, snorkeling, beach volleyball, tennis, billiards, squash and darts.

8

• Area: 261 km 2.
• Population: 51 538 people
• Density: 164 people / km 2
• Motto: "The state is above personal interests"
• Form of government: Parliamentary monarchy
• Capital: Baster

Island state in the Caribbean. Includes 2 islands - Saint Christopher, he is Saint Kitts ( Saint Kitts., St. Kitts), and Nevis (Nevis), from the Ridge of Small Antille Islands. The islands have volcanic origins, mountains. General extension coastline - 135 km.

Saint Kitts and Nevis is the smallest state of the Western Hemisphere, both in the area and population.

He is a member of the British Commonwealth, headed by the Queen of Great Britain.

Two traditional industries of Saint Kits and Nevis economy - agriculture and tourism. The main agricultural culture is a sugar cane (a third of the land processed). The island of Nevis is grown cotton, coconut palm tree, pineapples. Coffee tree, bananas, peanuts, yams, rice are cultivated. Livestock development is developed - diluted goats and sheep. Fisheries also refers to the number of traditional fishery. However, agricultural production provides no more than half of the domestic food needs.

7

• Area: 181 km 2.
• Population: 53 158 people
• Density: 293.7 people / km 2
• Motto: "Achievement through a common effort, Marshall"
• Form of government: Republic
• Capital: Majuro.

The Micronesian State of Marshall Islands is a cluster from the atolls and islands located in the Pacific A little north of the equator.

Marshall Islands are named after the British captain John Marshall (also known under the name William Marshall), who, together with another captain Thomas Gilbert, in honor of which are named neighboring islands Gilbert, who studied the archipelago in 1788 during the transport of prisoners to the new South Wales.

The Sushi area of \u200b\u200bMarshall Islands is only 181.3 km 2, while the area of \u200b\u200bthe territory occupied by the lagoons is 11,673 km 2. The country is located on 29 atolls and 5 remote islands, which are divided into two groups: 18 islands in the Roller chain (translated from the Marshall Language "Sunset") and 16 islands in the Ratak chain (or radar; translated from the Marshall language "Sunrise") . Both chains are approximately 250 km from each other and stretch from the North-West to the southeast of about 1200 km. The most important islands Are Kwajalein's Atoll and Majuro. The largest island The Republic of Marshall Islands, Kwajalein, at the same time is the atoll with the largest lagoon in the world.

6

• Area: 160 km 2.
• Population: 37 313 people
• Density: 229,56 people / km 2
• Motto: "For God, Prince and Fatherland"
• Form of government: Nominally constitutional monarchy
• Capital: Vaduz

Principality Liechtenstein is a dwarf state in Central Europe. Liechtenstein borders with Austria in the East and Switzerland in the West, its territory is completely surrounded by the territories of these states.

The principality is in the spurs of the Alps, the highest point is the mountain of gracepits (2,599 m). In the western part of the country proceeds one of the largest rivers Western Europe - Rhine.

Principality Liechtenstein is a constitutional monarchy. Head of State - Prince. The legislative power belongs to the prince and Landtagu (Parliament), the executive authority is endowed with the government, which is elected by Landtag for its term of office and is approved by the prince. Most of the population speaks at the Alean Dialect of German.

This beautiful dreamlanddespite its very little sizes, famous for its ancient history and rich cultural Heritage. Picturesque natural landscapes, magnificent medieval architecture and, of course, fashionable ski resort Famous worldwide.

The heart of Liechtenstein and his "pearl" is the capital of Vaduz. It is here that most of the attractions of the country focuses. Business card Not only the cities, but the whole state is the magnificent princely castle of Vaduz. Beautiful architectural constructions Climbing on the hill and can be seen from anywhere in the city.

5

• Area: 61 km 2.
• Population: 32,742 people
• Density: 520 people / km 2
• Motto: "Freedom"
• Form of government: parliamentary republic
• Capital:

San Marino is in Southern EuropeFrom all sides is surrounded by the territory of Italy. In his current borders of San Marino - the oldest state of Europe. The country is located on the south-western slope of the Tritano Three-headed Mountainside (738 m above sea level), towering over the hilly plain of the prevention of Apennine.

The legendary base of San Marino refers to the beginning of the IV century. According to the legend, in 301, a member of one of the first Christian communities from the island of the slave in the Adriatic Sea (the territory of modern Croatia), Marino's kamenotes and friends found a refuge on Apennines, on the top of Mount Monte Titano. He opened a quarry in the mountain, and then, looking for a privacy, built a small cell on her vertex and retired from the world. The glory of his holy life was attracted to him the crowds of the Bogomoltsev, and soon near his Celly formed a small monastery. This monastery, named after its founder, St. Marina, has undoubtedly existed already at the end of the 6th century and lived an independent life, no politically dependent on any of the neighbors.

In San Marino there is a republican form of government. The heads of state are the two Captain Regent, appointed by the Great General Council.

Inbound tourism plays a significant role in the country's economy, up to 2 million people are involved in the tourism industry annually, and more than 3 million tourists visit the country every year.

4

• Area: 26 km 2.
• Population: 10 782 people
• Density: 431.00 people / km 2
• Motto: "Tuvalu - for the Almighty God"
• Form of government: monarchy
• Capital: Funafuti

Tuvalu is a tiny state in Oceania with a population of about 11,000 people. Two times a week, airplanes with Fiji arrive 2 times a week and almost certainly, in 50 years, this state will be under water, and now the targeted relocation of local residents in other states, such as Fiji, New Zealand and Australia.

This Pacific State is in Polynesia and until 1975 was called the Islands of Ellis. Modern name Translated from Tuvalu language means "eight standing together" (meaning eight traditionally populated in Tuvalu; Ninth - Niuluckite - was settled relatively recently). The European islands recorder, Alvaro Mendagnia de Neira, called the Lagoon Islands archipelago, and in 1819 he received the name "Islands of Ellis", which was used almost the entire colonial era

Tuvalu is a cluster from the atolls and islands located in the Pacific A little south of the equator. Sushi Tuvalu Square is only 26 km 2, while the area is occupied by the lagoons, more than 494 km 2. The country is located on 5 atolls (Nanuma, Nui, Nukulaelae, Nukuftau, Funafuta), 3 low-albertic coral islands (Nanumland, Niuluckite, Nutoo) and one atoll / reef island (Vaitupe), stretched from the North-West to southeast for 595 km .

A significant part of the population of Tuvalu lives in the capital and the only city Countries, Funafuti, - 47%.

3

• Area: 21 km 2.
• Population: 9 488 people
• Density: 473,43 people / km 2
• Motto: "God's will - above all"
• Form of government: parliamentary republic
• Capital: The official capital is not; Unofficial - the city of Yaren.

Republic Nauru - Dwarf State in the same name coral island In the western part of the Pacific Ocean. The origin of the word "Nauru" is definitely unknown. Like now, the Naoero island called Naoero in the distant past.

The official capital and cities on the island are not. The president's residence is located in the Meneng district, and government agencies and parliament - in the County of Yaren. The whole population of the island lives along the coast, as well as around Lake Badad.

2

• Area: 2.02 km 2.
• Population: 30 508 people
• Density: 18,679 people / km 2
• Motto: "With God's help"
• Form of government: Dualistic constitutional monarchy
• Capital:

A dwarf state associated with France, located in the south of Europe on the coast of the Ligurian Sea near French Cote d'Azur 20 km north-east of Nice; On land borders with France. It is one of the smallest and most populous countries of the world. The principality is widely known due to the casino in Monte Carlo and the stage of the Formula 1 championship - "Gran-Monaco" held here. The length of the coastline is 4.1 km, the length of the land borders is 4.4 km. Over the past 20 years, the country's territory increased by almost 40 hectares due to the drainage of marine areas.

The first people built their settlements on the territory of Monaco in the 10th century BC. E., It was the Phoenicians. Many later joined the Greeks and Monoyes.

The history of modern Monaco begins in 1215 with the basis of the Principality of the Colony of the Genoese Republic and the construction of the fortress.

According to the data for 2014, the population of Monaco is 37,800 people, but it is worth noting that most of the full citizens of the state are Megakov. They are freed from taxes, have the right to settle in the region of the Old Town.

The monaco economy develops mainly at the expense of tourism, gambling business, the construction of new residences, as well as at the expense of media media covering the life of the princely family.

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• Area: 0.44 km 2.
• Population: 842 people
• Density: 1900 people / km 2
• Form of government: Absolute theocratic monarchy
• Capital:

And, undoubtedly, the title of little State The world is presented by the Vatican. Vatican is a dwarf ambulance state (the most small officially recognized state in the world) within the territory of Rome associated with Italy. Vatican status in international law is auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the residence of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.

Diplomatic missions of foreign states are accredited with the Holy Throne, and not under the city of the Vatican State. Foreign embassies and representative offices accredited with the Holy Throne, in view of the small territory of the Vatican, are located in Rome (including the Italian Embassy, \u200b\u200bwhich is thus in its own capital.

In antiquity, the territory of the Vatican (lat. Ager Vaticanus) was not populated, since in ancient Rome this place was considered holy. Emperor Claudius spent circus games on this place. In 326, after the arrival of Christianity, the Basilica of Constantine was erected over the alleged tomb of St. Peter, and since then this place began to settle.

Vatican is a theocratic state managed by the Holy Throne. The sovereignt of the Holy See, in the hands of which the absolute legislative, executive and judiciary is concentrated, is Pope, elected by cardinals for a life sentence. After the death or renunciation of the Pope and during the conclusion, up to the intronuration of the new dad's duties (with significant restrictions) performs Camerelo.

The Vatican has a non-profit planned economy. The sources of income are primarily donations to the Catholics of the whole world. Part of the funds is tourism (selling postage stamps, vatican coins euros, souvenirs, fee for visiting museums). Most of the labor force (service personnel of museums, gardeners, wipers and so on) make up citizens of Italy.

The Vatican budget is 310 million US dollars.

The Vatican has its own bank, a better known entitled "Institute of Religious Affairs".

Archipelagoes - full list Archipelago countries and archipelagoes belonging to different states with disaggregated to the oceans and parts of the world.

What is the archipelago and what they happen

Archipelago – this is a complex located close to each other. According to the geological structure of archipelagoes are similar to each other. For its origin, they all happen:

• Mainland

This is so called the archipelagoes that were initially part of the mainland, but as a result of the movement of tectonic plates, they separated from sushi and the set of islands were formed. The most vivid example of the mainland archipelago is the British Islands. Also relate to them New Earth, New Zealand.

• Volcanic

These complexes of the islands were formed in the results of volcanic activities, or themselves are volcanoes. Most often, in this case, the island is the top of a huge underground volcano, which looks out of the water. The most vivid representatives of volcanic archipelagoes are Hawaiian Islands.

• Coral

The complex of the islands that arose as a result of the growth and dying of the underwater corals. Islands may have a rings or semicircular shape - they are called atolls. Most of the coral archipelagos are located in Pacific Ocean. The most famous coral archipelago is the Marshall Islands.

• Naming

Set of islands not natural origin. They are complex hydraulic structures that are installed in water sections. Wash islands formally do not possess the status of archipelagments and islands, because they are not natural objects. The most famous anthropogenic archipelago is an island of palm trees located in the Emirates.

Of course, they are not deserted and many are small states. The islands constituting the territory in contact with each other and have geographical and political unity.

On the this moment In the world there are about 30 state-TVs located on the archipelago. They include Philippines, Indonesia, Fiji. For contact between the islands, archipelago lines are used. All the aquatic space inside these lines belongs to the state archipelago.

The largest archipelagoes

On our planet a huge number of archipelago. The largest of them -

• Malay
• Japanese Islands
• British Isles.

The Malay Archipelago is considered the best and large in the world. Its area is 2 million kilometers, and he included more than 10,000 islands. On the lands of this giant, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are located. On the Malay archipelago there are many volcanoes and mountains, as well as many gas and oil deposits. Fisheries and agriculture prevail among the population.

The second largest world archipelago is Canadian Arctic. It is located in the Arctic Ocean. The area of \u200b\u200bthis archipelago is approximately 1.3mln.kv.km. The main population is Eskimos. This complex includes the islands of Elsmir, Victoria, Baphinova Earth. The archipelago reliefs make up various loops, mountains and a plateau.

Following large archipelago. Known to everyone - these are the most Japanese islands. They included many small islets, each of which is interconnected. Most of them take the mountains and volcanoes, as well as coniferous forests. The geological situation itself is extremely unstable - there are earthquakes, tsunami. The bulk of the population is on directly Japanese island. The sea fishery is highly developed - mining of fish and crabs.

And the last on the list, but not by the significance of the archipelago is the British Islands. Its area is approximately 320t.kv.km, the archipelago includes the United Kingdom, Ireland and many other small cities. The United Kingdom and Ireland are two states that are on this territory.

List of archipelags

This list contains all existing world archipelagoes. For our convenience, I divided them in a territorial sign - the oceans, where they are, as well as the territorial subgroups of the islands. Each of the lists is compiled in alphabetical order for your comfort. In the event that the state is located on the territory of the archipelago - this will be noted in the list. You can find every archipelago on the planet, learn about him and, perhaps, consider as a place of rest.

Archipelago of the Northern Ocean –

complex northern Islandslocated close to the Arctic. Different with cold climates and a small population density :

• Land Franz Joseph
• Canadian Arctic Archipelago
• Novosibirsk Islands
• Islands Belcher
• Northern Earth
• New Earth
• Spitsbergen
• Queen Elizabeth Islands

Archipelago of the Atlantic Ocean -

extensive complex of clusters of the islands scattered in Atlantic Ocean. This includes a number of European and African archipelago, as well as island complexes of North and South America. This includes the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, and the British Islands:

Archipelagos located along the coast of Europe -

• British Isles
• Internal hebrid Islands
• External hebrid Islands
• Hebrides
• Norman Islands
• Saint Kilda Saint Kild Islands
• Faroe islands
• Shetland

Archipelagos located along the coast of Africa -

• Bay of beautiful islands
• Arkipelago Shower Bihagos.
• Islands of Bajuni
• Saint Helena Islands
• Saad Ad-Dean
• Sao Tome.
• Tristan Yes Kuna

• Bermuda
• External land
• Canadian Arctic Archipelago
• Islands of Terks and Caicos
• Fire Earth
• Magdalena Islands
• SVT. Peter and Paul Rox
• Fernando di Noronaya
• Southern Sandwich Islands
• Islands

Macaresian Archipelagoes -

• Aland Islands
• Azores
• Wild Islands
• Canary Islands
• Islands Madeira

Baltic Sea Archipelago -

• Estheregetland Archipelag
• Sedermenland archipelago
• Smolend archipelago
• Calix Archipelago.
• Turku archipelago
• Archipelago Piteo
• Archipelago Lulea
• Skellefteo archipelago.
• Haparanda Archipelago.
• Archipelago Eremend
• Sea of \u200b\u200barchipelago
• Western Estonian archipelago
• Stockholm Archipelago
• Swedish Arch Lag Eastern Coast

Archipelago of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean -

• Los Rockes Archipelago
• Large Antille Islands
• West India.
• Virgin Islands
• Islands
• Small antilles
• Covered Islands
• ABC Islands
• Leaded Antilles
• Puertoric O
• Revered Islands
• Florida Kisa

Mediterranean Archipelago -

• Campenien Archipelago
• Maddalen archipelago
• Balearic Islands
• Venetian Laguna
• Dodecanese
• Ionian Islands
• Cyclades
• Spraes
• Tuscan archipelago

Archipelago of the North Sea -

• Frisian o-va

Indian Ocean Archipelago -

The complex of archipelagos located in the territory Indian Ocean. They differ in tropical climates and heat. Archipelagos here consist of a large number of small islands. One of the most striking representatives is an artificial world archipelago :

• Andaman Islands
• Bonaporea Archipelago
• Pirate archipelago
• Chagos Archipelago.
• Archipelago research
• Archipelago of Mergui
• Archipelago Zanzibar
• Amyranta Islands
• Coconut Islands (O-Va Kiling)
• Comoros
• Langkavi
• Lakshavip.
• Kergelen Islands
• Mascarensky Islands
• World Archipelago
• Nicobar Islands
• Islands of Mozambik Strait
• Socotra
• Houghman Abrolhos.

Archipelago of the Red Sea -

• Hurghada archipelago
• Islands Farasan.
• Archipelago Dakhlak

Pacific archipelagoes -

this is the largest complex of archipelago. This includes a huge set of islands and all the largest world archipelagoes. Of particular interest are Asian archipelagoes - the number of islands that make up them are the largest in the world. This complex includes both the archipelagos of America and the aforementioned Asian, as well as the archipelagoes of inchotropic countries. The climate varies from moderate to tropical:

Archipelagos located along the coast of America -

• Andreyan Islands
• Aleutian about
• Archipelago Alexander
• Chile archipelago
• Guacekas Archipelag
• Archipelag Guayanko
• Chonos Archipelago.
• Archipelago Patagonik
• England Wellington
• Queen Adelaide Archipleago
• Fox Islands
• Norman Islands California
• Islands of four mountains

Archipelagos located along the coast of Asia -

• Archipelago Ryuku
• Asian Islands
• Archipelago Gorong
• Rio Archipelago
• Archipelago Tambelan
• Tadjuch archipelago.
• Woodubel Archipelago
• Archipelago QUI
• Archipelago Sulu
• Chumphon Archipelago.
• Solar archipelago
• Large Sonda Islands (Zonda)
• Arc Gang