History of the village of inozemtsevo. Panorama of Inozemtsevo

Resort village Inozemtsevo located in the Stavropol Territory is very interesting locality with an unusual history.

History

The first settlers in this place were Scottish missionaries led by Alexander Paterson. They arrived in Russia in the village of Karras in 1802 for religious activities among the highlanders who inhabited the district. This place was chosen because the missionaries considered the Caucasian highlanders to be similar to the Scottish highlanders. However, the reality greatly disappointed the visiting foreigners. The Tatars and representatives of the Caucasian peoples inhabiting the aul actually lived in the Middle Ages, the rich and noble inhabitants had slaves. The Scots tried to ransom children from slavery, taught them, many later became quite successful people. The payment for freedom was quite high, two hundred rubles in silver. Ransom funds for missionaries were transferred from Scotland. After several years of living in Karras, most of the settlers moved to continue their activities in Orenburg region though Paterson stayed.

German settlers followed the Scots. They began to actively develop these lands, cultivating various varieties of wheat, grapes and many other crops. Livestock breeding developed in the same way. It soon became clear that growing cereals would not generate much income, so the settlers switched mainly to gardening. Thanks to hard work, numerous mills, oil mills and other machines for processing the obtained agricultural raw materials appeared. For the first time, it was they who began to grow tobacco in the district. Thanks to cheap goods, numerous vacationers on the Caucasian mineral waters began to visit here.

With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the population of the colonies, which consisted almost entirely of Germans, was evicted to Kazakhstan due to the threat of possible cooperation with German troops. Few returned home, as the property was not returned after the cancellation of the resettlement decree.

The German colonists named their settlement Nikolaevka, but in common parlance among the neighboring residents, the name of the village "Scotland" was used for a long time. Only in 1959, as a result of the merger of Nikolaevka and Karras, the village of Inozemtsevo appeared. It got its name, ironically, not from the abundance of foreigners in these places, but from the station named after Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev, the manager of the railway, who had a mansion nearby.

Satellite map of Inozemtsevo. Explore the satellite map of Inozemtsevo online in real time. Detailed map of Inozemtsevo created on the basis of satellite images high resolution... In the maximum approximation, the satellite map of Inozemtsevo allows you to study in detail the streets, individual houses and sights of Inozemtsevo. The map of Inozemtsevo from the satellite can be easily switched to the regular map mode (diagram).

The village of Inozemtsevo is located on the slope of Mount Beshtau. He is considered unique place in the region of the Caucasian mineral waters. Since 1983, Inozemtsevo has become an urban-type settlement, administratively part of the city of Zheleznovodsk. The population of the urban-type settlement Inozemtsevo is more than 28 thousand people. Here, at the beginning of the 19th century, by decree of Alexander I, 7 thousand acres of state land were allocated for the first settlement of missionaries of the Edinburgh society. With the aim of spreading Christianity and crafts among the peoples of the mountains.

The place was chosen in the village of Karras, where the descendants of the Crimean sultan Girey lived. In 1809, families of German settlers arrived from the Saratov province to help the Scots. These were artisans: a tanner, a locksmith, a blacksmith. A German colony was formed near Karras. In the colonies, by the middle of the 19th century, a tannery, brick and lime factories gave their products.

In 1959, both colonies were united and assigned the status of the resort village of Inozemtsevo. The name of the village was given by the name of the railway station, which was named after I.D. Inozemtsev, who built the railway in the Caucasus and Ukraine. The Roske House is considered a historical monument of these places. In 1824, a road was built through Karras to connect the hot waters with the Railways. In the estate of G. Roschke (a German colonist), travelers rested in a famous coffee house and a small hotel. In this hotel, poet M, Y. Lermontov spent the last day before the duel. It was also visited by Pushkin, Glinka, Tolstoy.

From Moscow

By car. On the E50 highway. Distance 1564.1 km. Travel time - 18.16 hours.

By plane. From the airports "Domodedovo", "Sheremetyevo" and "Vnukovo" by flights "Moscow - Mineral water". Next take a taxi, bus or commuter train(14 km). Travel time - 0.15-0.30 hours.

Long distance train. From Kurskiy and Kazansky railway stations on the trains "Moscow - Kislovodsk", "St. Petersburg - Kislovodsk", "Moscow - Nalchik", "Moscow - Vladikavkaz", "Moscow - Nazran", "St. Petersburg - Makhachkala" to the station "Mineralnye Water". Travel time - 22.50-37.00 hours. Then take a taxi, bus or suburban train (14 km). Travel time - 0.15-0.30 hours.

Walk along Inozemtsevo

You can start a walk around the village at the old houses Roschke(near the intersection of Shosseinaya and Sadovaya streets). Previously, the Tatar village of Karras was located on the site of Inozemtsevo. In 1801, at the behest of Emperor Alexander I, a group of Scots from the Bible Society of Edinburgh left here for missionary work. The Tsar's decree said that European settlers should spread among the Caucasian mountaineers - Muslims and pagans, "hard work, crafts and Christianity." After 4 years, the missionaries were allocated land - 7,000 dessiatines. They worked hard, ransomed slaves, preached. After another 4 years, the Germans arrived in Karras and organized their own colony - Nikolaevskaya. They were engaged in the cultivation of orchards, the cultivation of grapes, as well as cattle breeding.

House Roschke

The Germans brought the cultivation of tobacco, the production of quality cheeses, kefir and meat products to the culture of the Caucasian Mineral Waters. Skilled furniture makers, tanners and printers worked here. Resorts sought to these places, because in Karras there was a lot of greenery, cheap vegetables and fruits, flowers, and the territories of the households were neat in German.

The house, near which the walk along Inozemtsevo began, belonged to the foreman German colony Gottlieb Roschke. An enterprising German set up a cozy coffee shop in it. A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy, M.I. Glinka, V.G. Belinsky. Roschke's coffee shop was the place where M.Yu. Lermontov before going to a duel with Martynov. The house is now privately owned. And they plan to open a museum there.

To the south along Shosseinaya Street is the Luch cinema. It occupies premises that were built in the former building of the church- Evangelical Lutheran Church of the colony. It was built by the architect Giuseppe-Marco Bernardazzi in 1840.

Across the crossroads from the cinema there is an Orthodox church of the beheading of John the Baptist(Svobody Avenue, 40), consecrated in 1999

Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist

From the church, Krupskaya street leads to railway station"Inozemtsevo". To the west of the platform stands the former Inozemtsev's house, manager of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway. The last years of his life, already ill, Ivan Inozemtsev lived in the German colony Karras. And in 1913, a year after the death of Inozemtsev, the Karras station was renamed in his honor. There is a memorial plaque on this house, where the teacher training college is now located.

House of Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev

From the station along the Vokzalnaya, Shosseynaya and Kolkhoznaya streets, you can go to the territory of the Mashuk Aqua-Term sanatorium. It has a beautiful landscaped park. Another attraction of the sanatorium is a bronze enema monument.

Monument to the enema

The northern part of the sanatorium's territory covers the lands of the former cemetery of the German Nikolaev colony, a beautiful coniferous park and a small picturesque lake "Mashuk", with a gazebo in the middle.

Lake "Mashuk"

It is not far from here to the final point of the walk along Inozemtsevo - entertainment complex and the water park " City of Sun". It was built near a fork federal highway E50 "Caucasus" (Nikolaevskaya st., 2). It has its own hotel, restaurants, bowling club "Pyramira" and a huge water park. The City of the Sun opened its doors to visitors in 2009. The water park has 9 swimming pools and 12 different attractions. Here you can have a great and fun time and even have a snack in a summer cafe. Special pools and slides have been built for children, as well as professional animators with entertainment programs.

Aquapark "City of the Sun"

Urban-type settlement within the urban district Zheleznovodsk resort town Stavropol Territory, region of the Caucasian mineral waters.
The resident population is 27,502 people. (2018).

Located on the eastern slopes of Mount Beshtau. Railway platforms Beshtau, Inozemtsevo and Mashuk on the Mineralnye Vody - Kislovodsk branch.

It began in 1801, when a group of Scottish missionaries from the Edinburgh Bible Society arrived at North Caucasus to spread Christianity among pagans and Muslims. At the foot of Mount Beshtau, they were allocated a plot of land with an area of ​​7000 acres, where the missionaries established a colony called Karras, after the name of the nearest aul (translated from Turkic - " black water Unable to establish the economy, in 1810 the Scots invited the German Evangelicals who lived in the Saratov province to help themselves, who very soon took a dominant position in the colony. ...

By the beginning of the 20th century, these were prosperous villages, where there was a school with training in German, the factories of a beer, a tannery, a brick, a limestone, a dairy, as well as a bakery and two mills worked. The colonists cultivated a large amount of agricultural products, which they provided resort towns, primarily Zheleznovodsk.
In honor of I. D. Inozemtsev (1843–1913), the railway station was renamed in 1914.
In 1930, on the basis of both colonies, the collective farm "Soviet Plowman" was organized, which was later renamed the collective farm. K. Liebknecht. The brewery was transformed into a winery. In 1941, the German population of both colonies was deported to Kazakhstan, Siberia and the Urals. In 1959, the neighboring villages of Karras and Nikolaevka were combined into an urban-type settlement with common name Inozemtsevo. On April 10, 1959, by the decision of the regional executive committee, it was transferred to the administrative subordination of Zheleznovodsk.

Ivan Dmitrievich Inozemtsev built roads in the North Caucasus and Ukraine. From 1880 he took the position of manager of the Rostov-Vladikavkaz railway (now the North Caucasian Railway), where he served with honors until his retirement in the summer of 1908. In 1912, I. D. Inozemtsev was undergoing treatment in Moscow, where he died in 1913 and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery.

In 1914, according to the will of the deceased, his ashes are transported to the Karras station. By this time, through the efforts of his wife, a house church was being erected, a temple for the few inhabitants of the colony of the Orthodox faith. The lower floor of this building was a family chapel-burial vault. Here the ashes of I. D. Inozemtsev were placed.

In 1928, at the direction of the authorities, the remains of Ivan Dmitrievich were again reburied at the cemetery of the Karras colony, founded at the beginning of the 19th century by the local first settlers - missionaries from Scotland.

Inozemtsevo - resort village in the urban district, the resort town of Zheleznovodsk, Stavropol Territory. One of the largest urban-type settlements in Russia.

Geography

Located on the eastern slopes of Mount Beshtau. Distance to the regional center: 180 km.

It was here in 1801-1835 that the first and oldest settlement immigrants from Western Europe- Scottish missionaries of the Edinburgh Bible Society. The Scottish colony was founded near the mountain village of Karras. Later, the Germans joined the colony and founded the Nikolaev colony in the neighborhood. The Scots themselves left the colony in 1821. Missionaries were sent to the Caucasian line at the behest of Emperor Alexander I "with the aim of spreading industriousness, craft and Christianity among the mountain peoples of the Mohammedan and pagan confession." In the fall of 1801, a site was chosen for the mission on the eastern slope of Mount Beshtau, in the ancient Tatar settlement of Karras, which belonged to the descendants of the Crimean sultan Girey. In 1805, the missionaries received 7 thousand dessiatines of state land. On 25.12.1806 Alexander I issued a letter to the inhabitants of the colony. On 9/29/1817, the Committee of Ministers adopted a decision on resettlement from K. German. colonists (not implemented). The Committee of Ministers adopted decisions on the reconstruction of the colony, approved by Nicholas I (15.12.1828, 26.6.1835). Evang. community (1806-66), lute. the parish of Pyatigorsk. Church (1840). Lands 7000 dess. (1807), 2859 dec. (1883), 3498 dec. (1910). Gardening, viticulture and winemaking, floriculture, beekeeping. Leatherworks R. Peddy, K. and Y. Engelhardt, brick-tile. plant E. Ya. Alfton, lime plant "Anchor", creamery, shops, pharmacy. Village Council, s.-kh. co-op. comrade, beginning. school, reading room (1926), k-z im. K. Liebknecht. Pedagogical College (1933). AS Pushkin and M. Yu. Lermontov visited here (he left here in 1841 for his fatal duel). Place of birth. fierce. pastors I. T. Keller (1842-1918), E. E. Deggeler (1868-1956). Members of the mission actively spread Christianity, published religious literature, ransomed slaves with the money of the biblical society, converted them into Christian faith and restored their freedom. In addition, the missionaries were engaged in carpentry, joinery, blacksmithing, pottery, printing, bakery, tailoring and weaving, as well as traded agricultural products in the KMW markets. To help the Scots to cultivate the land in the summer of 1809, the first German families from the Saratov province moved to Karras. Among them are artisans: locksmith Johann Martin, tanner Christian Konradi, shoemaker Johann Liebig, paper manufacturer Ludwig Liebig, blacksmith Johann Georg Engelgart. The Scots left the colony in 1821. In 1835, near Karras, the German Nikolaev colony (also Novo-Nikolaevskaya) was established, which was separated from the old allotment 4.5 thousand dessiatines (in 1831 - Konstantinovskaya, between which vast vineyards grew). Until 1917 - Tersk region, Pyatigorsk (Georgievsk) environs / Novogrigorievsky u., Pyatigorsk / Novogrigorievsk ...