What does the "Marmara Sea" mean. Why the marble sea is so called

And.
Name " Sea Marmara"Comes from the name of the rather large Turkish Island of Marmara, where large-scale white marble developments were conducted. In antique times Sea Marmara called "propontide". This name occurred from two Greek words, which in translation mean literally "before" and "sea", that is, "Preportity". Since the Marmara Sea is the Mediterranean Sea Atlantic Oceanwhich is located between the European and Asian parts of the republic.

In the period from 1845 to 1848, M. P. Manganari - The Captain-Lieutenant of the Russian Fleet was given the first description of the shores Marble sea. At the end of the XIX century, Russian scientists I. B. Spindler and S. O. Makarov performed significant important biological and hydrological studies Marble sea. In 1890-1891 under the leadership of I. B. Spindler for research Marble sea A special expedition was carried out, which Russian equipment was equipped geographical Society And the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

In the northeastern part Sea Marmara It is connected to the Bosphorus strait, in the southwestern part - with a strait.

It is noteworthy that Sea Marmarain the latitudinal direction - stretched out; Its length reaches approximately 280 km, and the greatest width is about 80 km.
Area Marble sea It is approximately 11 47O km².
Medium water volume Marble sea Makes 4 thousand km³. Maximum depth Marble sea Reaches 1355 meters.

Coast Marble sea Mostly mountainous, in the south and east the coast is strongly cut by the bays, in particular, the Izmitan bay and others. The largest islands Marble sea Are: Marmara Island and Princes Islands. W. northern coast There are underwater reefs dangerous for ships. IN Sea Marmara Small rivers flow: River Grankus, River Susurluk and others, almost all of them from the Asian part.

Sea Marmara Never freeze. In winter, the temperature of the water on the surface is +9 ° C, in the summer period the water temperature rises to +29 ° C. For hydrological regime Marble sea It is characterized by the exchange of waters with the Black and Aegean seas, which is carried out through the straits. Water salty Marble sea On the surface it reaches approximately 26, which is significantly higher than in the Black Sea, however, much less than in the oceans of the planet. In this case, the saltness of water at the bottom Marble sea It is noticeably higher and reaches up to 38, which is comparable to the saline of the Mediterranean.

Coast Marble sea From ancient times, it was thickly populated. In the northwestern part of the sea, the Bosphorus Strait is located the largest city Turkey countries. On the coast Marble sea There are numerous resorts such as Erdek, Mudania and others.

Through Sea Marmara From ancient times, strategically important shipping pathways from the Black Sea are held. On the Marble Sea Well developed fishing.

The Marmara Sea is located between the Majualazia and European parts of Turkey, while connecting with the Black Sea-Strait of the Bosphorus, as well as with the Aegean Sea of \u200b\u200bthe Strait of Dardanelles. The Marmara Sea is a small, length of only 280 km, the maximum width is 80 km. IN summer time Water warm up to 29C, in winter, not higher than 9c. Water salinity is much higher than in the Black Sea, it can be compared with the Mediterranean. The coastal zone is fringe, rocky, covered with forests. On the northern coast you can observe a large number of underwater reefs, thereby becoming attractive for diving. The holiday time begins from May of the month and ends in October. Since the Marmara Sea connects black, as well as the Mediterranean Sea, the shipping lines pass on it, which does not affect the purity and quality of water. Away from large ports, in the resort area the sea is clean. Since the Marmara Sea is small and shallow, there are rarely intense storms and waves, which is quite important for seizing the place of recreation with family and children.

The southern coast of the Marmara Sea from the western part to the East has such resorts as: Yalova, Mudanya, Armouth and Erdek. They are calm, secluded, clean, with colorful hilly relief.

Resort zones in the region besides the clean sea, as well as beaches, where there is golden sand, are popular with hot springs and healing mud. People who suffer from diseases of the musculoskeletal system, disease metabolic diseases, and gastric diseases come to this place. You can get to these places or direct flight, or on the ferry directly from Istanbul.

The most popular and most ancient resort on the Marmara Sea is Erdek. There are good here sand beachesThe infrastructure is designed specifically for the comfort of tourist (shops, restaurants and cafes). Not so far from the resort, on the coast of Lake Manas, a fascinating natural attraction is located - the National Park Zone of Kushdgeneti. It is notable for the fact that on this lake during seasonal migrations becomes a stop for resting birds. Here you can often find photographers and scientists who are watching birds. Every year in the spring and autumn they are armed with cameras and binoculars, go to these places to look at different types of birds.

Spa places on the marble sea

From the northern part of the Kapidag Peninsula from southern Shore Marmara Sea Are not located large islands. All of them can be characterized by a mild climate, and even in this place because of the sea breeze in this place is not very hot. These islands are known among the local residents, as a resting place. Europeans almost never happens.

Most. large island He is Marmara, he became known because of the White Marble field, which is why the sea is called marble. Marble here is mined today. Marmar was settled by the people of Ionic Greeks in about the III Millennium. The most interesting thing is that by the time of the First World War, only Greeks lived on the island. This island has a hilly relief, the shores are mostly incisive with the presence of small bays, where the beaches are located. In the main city of the island, which has the name of the same name, is located a historical museum under open sky. In this place you can spend great time with your family.

Closer to the south of Marmara there is a small island of Turkels. He is famous pure sea and beaches, as well as primitive nature. The local population gives him a greater preference and most of the majority have country houses. The visitors of tourists from other countries in this place will practically not meet precisely for this reason and the price is lower than on the mainland resorts. Turkels is one of the few places where you can taste Turkish wine. The island is famous for its own vineyards, as well as wine cellars. The most interesting thing is that the history of winemaking in Turkey has more than a thousand years, according to data archaeological excavations At 6-8 century BC. In this place, the winemaking has already succeeded. Production in this area was a bit suspended due to the arrival of Muslims on the local land. Today, Turkey is in the fourth place in the world who produces grapes. 40% from all products accounted for Wine.

You can get to the islands in the Marmara Sea on the boat or ferry. Water transport Departs from Istanbul, Erdek and Tecirdag.

January 20, 2014

The Marmara Sea is the inner sea of \u200b\u200bTurkey. It separates Europe from Asia. The sea, as if part of the puzzle, without which it would be impossible to collect together the Aegean and Black Sea Through the Straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus. It is located between Thrace and Anatoly.

Characteristic of the Marmara Sea

The length of the smallest sea planet is just 280 km. Width - even less - 80 km. But it is very deep. There are places where the depth reaches 1355m!
Salinity sea water - almost 22%. This indicator is higher than that of the Black Sea, but, compared to the water of the ocean, is much lower.

Interestingly, water on big depths It has a salt concentration higher than in the upper layers - as many as 38%. And these are not moving to the surface. In this regard, the sea resembles Mediterranean.

Why is the salinity of the marble sea near the surface is quite low? The fact is that several rivers (branger, sussurluk) fall into the sea and lower the percentage of salinity. Most of these rivers flow out of Anatolia - Peninsula in the western part of Turkey.

This sea does not freeze even in winter, when the temperature near the surface is held within +9 degrees. In the summer, the sea is very warm - up to + 29graduts.

On the shores of the sea are small citieswhere tourists are resting from different countries.

Seismic activity in the area of \u200b\u200bthe Small Sea

Many wonders of nature appeared as a result of the shifts of the earth's crust. In this case, the picture is the same. In antiquity, a deep spill formed, which separated Africa from Europe.

The recess was filled with water. So it appeared this small sea.
The locality in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sea is far restless. Tsunami and destructive earthquakes here occur quite often.

The North Atlantic Rift passes along the bottom of the sea. He is the cause of natural disasters. For the last thousand years, about three hundred different earthquakes occurred.

After some, the waves of the tsunami, which were numbered more than 40.
In 1999, on August 17, the tsunami wave reached 2.5 meters! She brought numerous destruction and led to human victims.

Forecasts of weather forecasters and geological services of Turkey are disappointing. In about 2030, a powerful earthquake, the epicenter of which will be located near Istanbul, with a large proportion of probability. The consequences for the country may be catastrophic.

Islands of dangerous sea

Island groups located in the area of \u200b\u200bthe sea are called Princesa, Pashalimans, Turkels, Ekinlik, Heirrszad, Marmara.

On the islands of Marmara in Giant marble Careers The proconeism is mined from ancient times valuable material - marble. Tourists can visit the place of production. Hence the name of the sea itself.

The Irala Island is known for the fact that the leader of the Workers' Party of Kurdistan Abdullah Okalan is serving here.

The island of Genen beat thermal springs, the temperature of the water in which comes to + 80 users, as in the banning hot springs.

And on the island of Pashalimanas, delicious bright green plane groves grow.

On the Helibu Peninsula is located, the attraction of which is Salt Lake. There are also several monuments to the Turkish soldiers who died in 1915.

Sea Marmara - Blue Spot on the map. Beautiful, amazing, bright and at the same time, very dangerous, it is an integral part of the difficult story of this ancient country.

Marmara Sea Photo.

The Marmara Sea is surrounded by the lands belonging to Turkey, between its European territories and those located in Asia Minor. The length of the Marmara Sea is 280 km, the largest part is about 80 km. In total, the average annual volume of the water of the Marmara Sea is about four thousand km cube. The greatest depth: 1355 m.

The Marmara Sea is connected to the Black and Aegean seas through the straits: Bosphorus on the northeast side, and Dardanelles on the southwest. It is believed that the origin of the Marmara Sea is tectonic. As a result of significant faults of the earth's crust, there was a division on, the marble sea was also formed.

The winding coast of the sea is covered with mountains, the southeast of their outlines are strongly cut. On the north side there are underwater rocks and reefs. The biggest islands located on the Marmara Sea - Marmara and Princesa Islands. Several small rivers fall into the sea, most of which are located in the Asian part of the sushi.

History of the Marmara Sea

For the first time, the outline and written evidence of the shores of the Marmara Sea amounted to M.P. Manganari - at the time Captain Lieutenant Fleet of Russia. It happened in the middle of the XIX century. Later at the end XIX Russian The researchers performed an expedition dedicated to the study of the Marmara Sea. The organizers were the Russian Geographical Community and the Imperial Academy of Sciences. He headed the expedition I.B. Spindler, considerable participation accepted S.O. Makarov.

Due to the fact that the Marmara Sea passes through the seaway, dividing Europe and Asia, shipping is very developed there. From ancient times, the territory was densely populated. Today on the coast there are several large resorts.

At the end of 1999, the Russian oil tanker failed, passing through the marble sea, then there were considerable volumes of oil in his water. Currently, the consequences of this event are practically eliminated.

Sea of \u200b\u200bmarble sea

The average temperature in the summer of 20 degrees Celsius, and in the winter - 9 degrees. The Marmara Sea does not freeze. Saltry level of about 26 ppm on the surface, near the bottom - up to 38 ppm. It is about the same level as on the Mediterranean. Therefore, the vegetable and animal underwater world of marble and Mediterranean Seas Largely similar. Fisheries well developed on the marble sea.

The Marmara Sea is the smallest reservoir on Earth, which received its name thanks to the island of Marmara, located on its territory. The coast of this water area is decorated with a wide variety of resorts on which tourists from all over the world love to rest.

Marmara Sea on the world map in Russian

The Marmara Sea is included in Mediterranean pool And refers to the seas of the Atlantic Ocean.

The sea arose due to the fault of the earth's crust that divided mainland Europe, Africa and Asia.

Where is?

Marmara Sea on the world map can be found on turkish territory At that point, the European and Asian part of the country are connected. The reservoir has borders with the Black Sea through the Bosphorus Strait, and with the Aegean Sea through the Strait of Dardanelles.

Description of the pool

The Marmara Sea has a very modest sizes. Its approximate length is only 280 kilometers, and the width is 80 km. The depth is a little more than that Azov Sea - 1370 meters. The volume of water is approximately 3382 cubic meters. km.

There are several islands in the waters of the Marmara Sea. Some of them are inhabitable, but there are wild territories. The largest are considered Marble and Princes of Islands. Tourists often deliver to them during the sea walk.

The coastal zone varies depending on the terrain. In the north The coast is preferably rocky and covered with forests. Here at the bottom there are many reefs, so this region is very popular with diving lovers. South coast Strongly cut by bays and bays.

Flora and the fauna of the Marmara Sea are similar to the Mediterranean Sea.

Marmara Sea - the smallest on earth

Here developed fishingIn particular, such fish such as mackerel, kefal, stavride, herring and tuna mined in large volumes. There are quite a lot of mollusks in the water: oysters, mussels and marine dates, and octopuses, langists and squid are found. Among the algae in water, diatoms and Peridineia prevail.

Climate

On the Marmara Sea prevails mediterranean climate. On average, in the summer, water is heated to + 26 ° C, but from all seas that wash the territory of Turkey, it is considered the most cold (for 3-4 degrees). In the winter, the sea does not freeze, and water cools up to +9 degrees. At the bottom, the water temperature does not fall below the mark + 14 ° C.

The holiday season is considered the period from May to October, when the sea water temperature is heated here to the maximum mark + 27 ° C.

What countries is washed?

The marble sea is washes coast of Turkey. By water, shipping ways of ships follow from the Black Sea in Aegean and back. It almost does not affect the quality of seawater, because large ports are far from the resorts.

Sea shores

The Marmara Sea is enough many fanspreferring time to resorts located on its coast. There are sandy and stony shores, as well as picturesque bays and bays with unique picturesque nature.

Popular resorts

Marble seas resorts have become popular for quite a long time, since their appointment is very diverse. There are famous thermal and health resorts , as well as beach and entertainment places.

Marble Sea Coastline familiar to many of these names:

• Genen - the main thermal resort;
• Denizkent. - the place where magnificent beaches are dominated;
• Chekirge. - shore, known for warm mineral sources;
• Thermal - resort known to thermal baths;
• Erdek - The oldest resort of the region.

If you plan to rest on the coast of the Marmara Sea with children, then for such purposes it is better to choose resorts located on southern coastSince the sea is cleaner here, and the beaches are sandy with gentle descent to water. In addition, there are many attractions in this place. Most. popular resort In this region is Yalova - City, famous thermal sources, established infrastructure and picturesque nature.

On the north coast is located Istanbul and Izmit - two large industrial and tourist centershaving important For Turkey.

In these resort cities Most often come to get acquainted with the sights of the country, as the beach here is hardly suitable for swimming.

In general, in the north of the Marmara Sea coastal zone strongly swampy, so tourists are recommended to go to rest at the resorts of the South.

The largest island

On the territory of the Marmara Sea there is a lot of islands, among which the largest is considered Marmara. Its approximate dimensions are 17 km long and 8 kilometers wide. It has a hilly relief, and its shores are predominantly climbing with small bays and beaches.

Since ancient times, the Greeks lived on the island and got marbleded on it, and nowadays are arranged here, where they show works of art Ancient Mira and Byzantium. Ferries delivering tourists from mainland sushi are in the port of Marmar.

Pros and cons rest

With the onset of vacation, many decide to relax, while preferring Turkey resorts, thanks low cost And the opportunity to quickly get to them. At the same time, the marble sea is popular because there are comfortable hotels in its coast, comfortable beaches increased comfortAnd local air is so clean that no resort of the country will compare with it.

The benefits of resting on the Marmara Sea are obvious:

1. Great opportunities;
2. High service;
3. Abundance of attractions;
4. Comfortable weather conditions;
5. Small number of vacationers;
6. Opportunity to health.

By cons can be attributed to the fact that the holiday season in this region lasts much less than at the remaining resorts of Turkey.

Unlike the resorts of the Mediterranean and the Aegean Sea, where season It lasts from May to the end of November, on the marble sea it ends at the beginning of October.

It is worth noting that the temperature of the water is not always suitable for recreation with children, because it even on hot days it seems cool. But these conditions are great for those who have health problems. The absence of the scorching sun, healing air filled with phytoncides and the opportunity to refresh the water with such a temperature, make rest comfortable for the elderly, and thermal water sources help in the treatment of many diseases.

The Marmara Sea, located on the territory of Turkey, is perfect for the summer of summer, because there is everything here so that this vacation is unforgettable.

And in this video (approx. Removed by the owner) You will find out what they found at the bottom of the Marmara Sea: Source:

Where is the Marmara Sea? Coordinates, map and photo.

Oceans, lakes and rivers

Sea Marmara

General characteristics

The Marmara Sea lies at the border of Asia and Europe. Considered one of inland seas Atlantic Ocean. Reservoir connects black and Aegean seas, communicated with them through the straits. With the Black Sea, the connection is carried out through the Bosphorus Strait, and with Aegean through the Strait of Dardanelles.

The length of the reservoir is 280 km, the maximum width is 80 km. The area of \u200b\u200bthe aqueous mirror reaches 11350 square meters. km or 4380 square meters. miles Maximum depth corresponds to 1370 meters. The average water volume is 3382 cubic meters. km.

Bosporus strait The length is 30 km with a maximum width in the northern part of 3.7 km and the minimum in the southern part of 0.7 km. The depth of the fairway varies from 35 to 80 meters. It has upper and lower flow. A pre-top top carries water from black to the Marmara Sea. The salty lower, on the contrary, sends the mass of water from marble into black. On the shores of the Strait is the city of Istanbul.

Strait Dardanelles It is equal to 65 km long with a width of 1.2 to 6 km. The maximum depth corresponds to 103 meters at an average 52 meter. Connects the Aegean Sea with marble. In antiquity, the strait was called Gellespont. In later times, it was renamed in honor of the mythological city of Darza, allegedly built on Mount the idea. Currently, in the southern part of the Strait on the coast of Malaya Asia is seaport Chanakkale. The urban coast forms the Bay of Chankkale.

Water temperature In winter, it is 9-10 degrees Celsius. In summer, the top layer is heated to 28-29 degrees Celsius. The saltness of the water is higher than in the Black Sea, but lower than in the waters of the world's ocean. At the same time, the bulk of the salt water is concentrated at a depth. She has a high density, and it does not rise to the surface.

South Coast is very severely cut by bays and coves. Here you can call such bays as Izmit, Herrmic, Bandarma and Erdek. For the northern coast, underwater reefs are characterized.

Sea name

The name is intriguing, and it is really related to the mramor. In the western part of the reservoir is the island of Marmara. Island big. Its area is 130 square meters. km. It has a richest white marble field. Hence the name of the reservoir. In Greek, the word "marble" is translated as "Marmaron". In English it sounds like "Sea of \u200b\u200bMarmara". Well, in Russian, he was reeded as the Marmara Sea.

Marble Sea on the map

Islands and rivers

The largest islands are Marmara and Princes. There is already a general idea about Marmare, and as for the princes, there are nine them. They are located quite close to Istanbul.

Where is the Marmara Sea: His characteristic

Their total area is 10.83 square meters. km. The largest is the island of the Bureukada. Its area is 5.36 square meters. km. In second place is the Heabeliad Island with a total area of \u200b\u200b2.4 square meters. km. The third place is the island of Burgas. Its area is 1.5 square meters. km. The remaining islands are much less.

IN salted reservoir Only small rivers fall, and mostly from the Asian coast. One of the largest is the river Brank or Big. This water flow begins on the slope of the legendary mountain of Ida. Its length is 80 km. In the summer, the river reminds big Ruch Due to the low water level.

This aqueous stream is more notable for its history than sizes. He flows past the city of Big. In this place in 334 BC. e. Alexander Macedon took a battle with Persian troops under the command of Darius III. Persians were defeated. This victory became the first in the series of all victories of the great commander of antiquity. In the chronicles of that time, the river was described as a powerful water stream with a rapid flow and cyphans.

There is still a river Sousurluk, which also does not affect the imagination with its sizes. Other rivers and rivers will correctly be called large streams that feed the salt water with fresh water.

Economy

Cozy water hidden between Balkan Peninsula And Malaya Asia, has important economic significance not only for Turkey, but also for many other countries of the Mediterranean. The sea trading pathways from the Black Sea to Mediterranean pass through it. On the shores, numerous peoples with ancient times live rich culture. Fisheries and tourism are well developed in these grateful places.

At the end of December 1999, the Russian oil tanker of type volgar-248 was crasheled in the Marmara Sea. The tragedy happened right on the raid sea Port. Barley The reason became heavy storm. A huge 5-meter wave split tanker in half. On the vessel was 4.5 thousand tons of petroleum products. Fortunately, only a small part of them got into the sea, so the ecological catastrophe was able to avoid.