Lake Chany - closed lake in Russia, located in the Barabinskaya lowland in the Novosibirsk region. It got its name from the word chan (Turkic) - a large-sized vessel.
The area of the lake is not constant and currently, according to various estimates, ranges from 1400 to 2000 square meters. km. The average depth is about 2 meters, the maximum is 7 meters. The basin of the lake is flat. The lake is shallow, depths of up to 2 meters make up 60% of the total area of the lake. The shores of the lake are rather low and heavily indented, overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and bushes. The bottom is sandy and silty. The maximum recorded water temperature in summer is 28.3 ° C.
Geography
There are about 70 islands on the lake, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Kolpachok, Chinyakha, Cheryomukhovy, Rare. The islands of Cheryomushkin, Kobyliy, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinova, Chinyakha, Shipyagin, Krugly, Kolotov, Kamyshny are natural monuments region, since they have preserved unique landscapes, which are the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
Among the largest peninsulas are Zelenchak, Kondakov, Golenky, Vaskin, Mys, Drovnikov, Rodyushkin, Kvashnino, Malinikha, Dark, Tyumensky. The islands and peninsulas of the lake have a characteristic feature - most of them stretch from the southwest to the northeast. Their specific location is explained by the fact that they are half-flooded manes - long and gentle ridges.
The lake is slightly salted, in the southeastern part of the lake the salinity is lower. The lake is mainly fed by snow, the lake is fed by the Kargat and Chulym rivers. The lake is connected by channels with more freshwater lakes Malye Chany and Yarkul. It freezes in the second half of October - the first half of November, opens up in May.
Flora and fauna
Birch, bird cherry, viburnum, aspen, hawthorn, wild rose, currant, raspberry, fern grow on the shores and islands of the lake. In the 1940s, oak and forest pine were planted on the northern shore of the lake. On some islands, for example, on the Narrow rare island, wild peonies grow and bloom.
Of the mammals, the muskrat lives on the lake, in the forest-steppe lands confined to the lake, there are fox, hares, roe deer, badger, corsac, and Siberian weasels.
What will fishing on Lake Chany bring?
Lake Chany is home to 16 species of fish. The most numerous are: goldfish, perch, carp, ide, pike perch. In 1976, on the Chulym River, a fish hatchery "Uryumsky" was built, which, among other things, is engaged in the cultivation and stocking of fish in Lake Chany with juvenile carp. Active stocking of juveniles weighing 25 - 80 grams led to the formation of a large self-reproducing population of carp in the lake.
Lake Chany on physical map Russia is on the territory Western Siberia in the Novosibirsk region.
Chany is the largest salt lake in the region. Barabinskaya lowland - the location of the reservoir.
By its nature, it is a complex system of stretches, which are connected by all kinds of channels and shallow areas.
In contact with
Geographic location
Many are interested in what kind of water in the lake is it salty or fresh? Vats are slightly salted, especially low salinity is observed in the southeast of the reservoir. Has a flat basin. The reservoir is fed by the rivers Kargat and Chalym, the latter flowing into Malye Chany.
It acquired its name from the Turkic language and literally translates as "a large vessel" and indeed the lake has the shape of a vat. Its average area is 1800 square kilometers... The maximum length of water borders is up to 90 kilometers.
The lake is shallow, and its average depth does not exceed 2 meters. The maximum level of the bottom reaches 7 meters. At the bottom, silty or sandy soil extends over the entire area.
Islands and nature reserves
There are 70 islands here, among which the largest area can be distinguished: Bear, Chinyaikha, Lezhan and others. A detailed map and photos of the lakes can be easily found in many sources on the Internet.
Some of the islands are protected natural monuments (Bekarev, Kalinova, Kamyshny, Cheremushkin).
On their territory, unique natural landscapes remained untouched, which have become a habitat for unique representatives of the animal and plant world.
Peninsulas and their features
The shores of the islands are cut by waves, which in windy weather reach significant heights and pose a significant danger to humans and ships.
All peninsulas and islands have a specific shape. The surface relief has an elongated shape, which stretches from the southwest side to the northeast.
This can be explained by the fact that each of the islands is a half-submerged mane. Highlighting the large peninsulas, one can note Malinikha, Tyumensky, Drovnikov, Zelenchak, Cape.
A bit of history
According to Wikipedia, Lake Chany was formed at the end of the Ice Age.
The first written mentions of it date back to the 16-17th century, when the first expeditions to explore Siberia began to take place.
First, the lake. Chany was mentioned in his writings by the geographer Pallas in 1786, and then, a deeper and more extensive description was compiled by Filimonov in 1803.
Climate of the Baraba Lowland
The reservoir is located in the continental climatic zone.
average temperature air in summer does not exceed + 18-19 ° С, while in winter, in January, the temperature is stably fixed at around -19-20 ° С.
Due to the shallow depth of the bottom, the water warms up to 28-29 ° C in summer. Up to 400 mm of precipitation falls here a year.
It's important to know: all of the above climatic conditions make the area a favorite place for connoisseurs of real winter and summer fishing.
The height of the falling snow is 20-30 centimeters. Vats begins to freeze in mid-November, and the ice cover disappears towards the end of May.
The world of animals and plants
There are over 16 species of fish in the water.
In order to maintain their numbers, the Uryumsky fish hatchery was erected.
After the start of its work and the active launch of fish fry, it was possible not only to support the population of many species, but also to activate a self-reproducing fish population of many thousands.
The surface of the islands, located throughout the area, is evenly covered with greenery and various plants. Viburnum and wild rose, all kinds of ferns, bushes with berries are often found here.
Rest on the lake
It is a popular destination for tourists and nature lovers.
All along coastline boarding houses were built. Protected areas allow tourists to join the beauty and tranquility of the local spaces.
Vats are a popular destination for anglers and hunters. On the territory of the reservoir there are all kinds of campings, recreation centers with buildings, wooden houses with verandas and other places for temporary residence. Shipping is actively developed here, so getting to any of the places of interest will not be difficult.
Useful information for tourists
How to get there
You can get there by rail or by any vehicle.
Near the reservoir is the nearest railroad station- Barabinsk. Buses run from it to the nearest villages and tourist centers.
Going on the road by car, it is better to go on federal highway M51 (Baikal). From the side of Novosibirsk at 325 km there will be road signs showing the direction to the lake.
At the recreation center, you can choose accommodation for two to eight people. Rooms and rooms are presented in both economy and business class.
Accommodation prices on weekdays start from 1600 to 3000 rubles per person per day. On weekends, the cost can reach 5000 rubles, depending on the room category.
The territory of the recreation center has a well-developed infrastructure. Lovers active rest can rent water scooters, catamarans, boats and try to conquer the expanses of water.
For lovers family vacation and a pleasant pastime against the backdrop of nature, open restaurants and bars, which are evenly located throughout the coastal territory, are perfect.
Among the most unusual are the following:
- In the Novosibirsk region, you can often hear legends about the terrible inhabitants of the seabed. According to local beliefs, a giant snake is found here, which repeats the history of the Loch Ness monster. According to residents, the monster feeds on livestock, which are often taken to graze on the shores of the peninsulas. There is no scientific evidence for this fact. Monster hunters and scientific expeditions have come here many times, but it has not been possible to confirm the local legend or find the slightest traces confirming its existence.
- In 2006, representatives and employees of Tohok University from Japan were detained by security officers at the airport in Novosibirsk. They attempted to illegally export water and soil samples from the reservoir from the country. During the proceedings, it was established that Japanese scientists were also interested in the myths about the underwater snake, and therefore, for the purpose of studying, an attempt was made to smuggle out natural material.
This is the largest and most beautiful place in the Novosibirsk region for nature lovers. Here are unique natural places, which are met every year by thousands of tourists.
Recreation centers are ready to offer visitors unforgettable experience in any season. The conditions are great for people who prefer the noisy resorts and beaches that give calm fishing and exciting hunting.
See the following video about the secrets of Lake Chany:
Lake Chany in the Novosibirsk region is a unique natural formation. It is located in the Barabinskaya lowland and covers the territory of several districts of the Novosibirsk region at once: Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Zdvinsky, Chistoozerny, Dvinsky.
In length, this water formation system reaches 91 kilometers. The average width is 88 kilometers. Due to the fact that Lake Chany is formed from a system of stretches, its total size is determined by different sizes, depending on the humidity of the year. Over the years, the total area that this lake shows in the Novosibirsk region varies from 1400 to 2000 square kilometers. Scientists have noticed that these parameters fluctuate not only depending on the season and the amount of rain. A cyclical increase or decrease in area occurs every 35-40 years. The lake was formed about 15-13 thousand years ago during the last ice age in the memory of mankind.
The size of the lake determined its name, translated from Turkic as “a large vessel”. The depth of Lake Chany, due to the system of islands crossing it, is not high. On average, it is only 2.2 meters. In the deepest areas, the depth reaches 10 meters. A large number of islands, almost all of which stretch from southwest to northeast, are flooded manes.
This lake in the Novosibirsk region is closed and therefore has salt water... Although the salinity level of the water, depending on the part of the lake, may be higher or lower. Lake Malye Chany is distinguished by completely salt water. Big Vats filled with slightly salted water, and Yarkul has full fresh water... Various scientists divide these water bodies into three separate lakes in the Novosibirsk region, or combine them into a common water complex of three parts. Different degrees of water salinity depend on the distance from the places where the Chulym and Kargat rivers flow into the lake.
The lake is unique nature reserve... Its shores have preserved unique specimens of flora and fauna. Pelicans and swans also live quietly on the shores of Lake Chany. The forests are full of upland game, elk, hares, pheasants, and roe deer. Chany can be sent to Lake during the period allowed for hunting this game. Although the most popular is fishing in the Novosibirsk region on Lake Chany. In total, about 14 species of fish live in the salty and fresh areas of the lake. Fishing in the Novosibirsk region in this water area is allowed at any time of the year.
Almost all fish species in the lake have silvery scales. Local legend says that in ancient times a lunar path descended into the waters of the lake, along which the first inhabitants of these places, the spouses Chan and Tage, were visited by the inhabitants of the moon, who had silvery skin, from the satellite of our planet. One night, when a large volcanic eruption occurred on Earth, and the ash did not allow the lunar path to descend, the inhabitants of the moon had to stay in the lake and turn into silver fish, ide, roach, peled.
Today in the lake you can catch roach, dace, bream, silver and gold carp, mirror carp, carp and many other types of fish.
At present fishing in the Novosibirsk region in the area of lakes possible at any time of the year. Literally every day, fans of quiet hunting will find numerous houses and recreation centers located in the most picturesque areas of the lake coast. In the warm season, you can swim in the lake. Sandy beaches and the shallow depth makes Lake Chany ideal place for families with children. Also, vacationers are ready to accept numerous private cottages scattered in many areas of the coast of the large and varied Lake Chany.
Chany is an endless salt lake in Russia, located in the Barabinskaya lowland in the Novosibirsk region, the most large lake in Western Siberia.
The lake is located on the territory of five districts of the Novosibirsk region: Zdvinsky, Barabinsky, Chanovsky, Kupinsky and Chistoozerny. It got its name from the word chan (Turkic) - a large vessel.
The lake is a system of lakes connected by channels and shallow areas, of which the largest are three: Chinyakhinsky, Tagano-Kazantsevsky and Yarkovsky, differing in water salinity, area, depths, soils, food resources.
It freezes in the second half of October - the first half of November, opens in May.
There is local shipping on the lake.
Most of the lake is located in the forest-steppe natural zone.
Lake Chany is located at an altitude of 106 meters above sea level. The lake is 91 kilometers long and 88 kilometers wide. The area of the lake is not constant and currently, according to various estimates, ranges from 1400 to 2000 km². The average depth is about 2 meters. The basin of the lake is flat. The lake is shallow, depths of up to 2 meters make up 60% of the total area of the lake. The shores of the lake are rather low and heavily indented, overgrown with reeds, reeds, sedges and bushes. The bottom is sandy and silty. The maximum recorded water temperature in summer is 28.3 ° C.
Islands
There are about 70 islands on the lake, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Kolpachok, Chinyakha, Cheryomukhovy, Rare. The islands Cheryomushkin, Kobyliy, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinova, Chinyakha, Shipyagin, Krugly, Kolotov, Kamyshny are natural monuments of the region, since they have preserved unique landscapes that are the habitat of rare species of plants and animals.
Peninsula
Among the largest peninsulas are Zelenchak, Kondakov, Golenky, Vaskin, Mys, Drovnikov, Rodyushkin, Kvashnino, Malinikha, Dark, Tyumensky. The islands and peninsulas of the lake have a characteristic feature - most of them stretch from the southwest to the northeast. Their specific location is explained by the fact that they are half-submerged manes. The lake is slightly saline, in the southeastern part of the lake the salinity is lower. The lake is mainly fed by snow, the lake is fed by the Kargat and Chulym rivers (flows into Malye Chany). Previously, the Sarayka River flowed into the lake, connecting it with Lake Sartlan. The average annual total runoff of the Chulym and Kargat rivers is not very significant and amounts to 0.44 km³, while the runoffs are highly variable. Lake Chany is a unique reservoir in Western Siberia. The maximum value of the total runoff was reached in 1948 - 1.72 km³, the minimum - in 1968, when it was 0.013 km³. The inflow of water tends to decrease due to the numerous dams built on the rivers. The lake is connected by channels with more freshwater lakes Malye Chany and Yarkul.
Climate
The climate in the area of Lake Chany is continental. The average January temperature is -19.7 ° C, in July - +18.3 ° C. The frost-free period lasts from 115 to 120 days. The average annual rainfall is 380 mm. The height of the snow cover is 20-30 cm.
Historical reference
The appearance of the lake is attributed to the end of the ice age, about 10 - 13 thousand years ago. Initially, the lake was located in the steppe area, the first shrub birches appeared on the shore of the lake about 5.5 thousand years ago.
Historically, the lake has been characterized by cyclical fluctuations in water level, which are associated with climatic changes that cause periods of high humidity and drought. In addition to seasonal and annual fluctuations, more significant fluctuations lasting 30–45 years were noted. But even taking into account fluctuations, it has been established that the area of the lake has been shrinking over the past 200 years. At the end of the 18th century, the largest lake area in the entire history of observations was recorded - 12,000 km². At the beginning of the 19th century, the area of the lake was already 8000 square kilometers. In the 1840s, the lake was divided into separate bodies of water and lakes. Since then, the area of the lake has rapidly decreased, and at the end of the 19th century it was only 3170 km². In 1899 - 1914, the lake level rose by 2 meters. At the beginning of the 20th century, the area of the lake was 3400 km². In 1914 - 1937 there was a decline in the level of 3 meters, but in 1920 - 1923 a slight rise of 0.9 meters was noted. The next significant rise in water level was observed in 1937-1950. In the 1960s, the area of the lake was already reduced to 2,000 km². The range of seasonal and annual fluctuations in the water level reached 5 meters.
The first mentions of the lake in Russian sources date back to the 16th - 17th centuries, that is, to the time of the beginning of the development of Siberia. The study of the reservoir began in the 18th century with the settlement of the Barabinsk lowland. The first description of the lake was given by the geographer Pallas, who made a trip to Chany in 1786. More Full description the lake was given in 1803 by the land surveyor V. Filimonov.
Until 1917, the lake was part of the Tomsk province, its territory was divided between the Kainsky and Barnaul districts, while most of the lake belonged to the Kainsky district. In the future, the lake was part of the Novonikolaevsk province, the Siberian Territory, the West Siberian Territory, and since 1937 - the Novosibirsk Region.
In 1895, hydrological work began on the lake under the guidance of engineer Zhilinsky. In 1911, the ichthyologist Skorikov was sent to study the lake, who, based on the results of his research, prepared a scientific work "Lake fishing in the Barabinsk region", containing characteristics of the relief of lake basins, fluctuations in the level and chemical composition of water, the species composition of fish and their feeding conditions. In the summer of 1932, an expedition of the Leningrad University appeared on the lake, which studied the flora of the lake. In the middle of the 20th century, work began to prevent the lake from drying out. In 1972, for this purpose, with the help of an earthen dam, the Yudinsky reach, located in the western part of the lake and evaporating a large amount of water, was separated, the area of which at that time was 800 square kilometers (more than 30% of the total area of the lake). The construction of the dam made it possible to raise the water level in the eastern part of the lake by 0.5 meters. The Yudinsky stretch began to dry out quickly, and by 1978 the water level in it had dropped by 1.1 meters. By the end of the 20th century, the former Yudinsky reach was practically dry, the water in it became highly saline, and the water level on different sides of the dam differs by several meters. Despite the disappearance of the reach, in general, the decision to build a dam after 30 years is assessed positively. There is a danger of dam destruction, which will lead to water runoff from the flooded part of the lake and an environmental disaster. In 2000, a decision was made to reconstruct the dam. In 2005, funds from the federal budget were allocated for the reconstruction.
From 1979 to 1994, the area of the lake decreased by 19%. In the 1980s, projects appeared to raise the water level at the expense of other reservoirs. One of them involved drawing water from the Ob River along the bed of the Karasuk River or through a specially built canal, but the project remained unrealized due to lack of funds. It was also proposed to attract surplus water from the Vasyugan bogs along the Chulym and Kargat rivers. In 2001, it was proposed to drill about 100 wells at the bottom of the lake to aquifers located under the lake at a depth of 900-1200 meters. The gushing thermal waters, as conceived by the authors of the project, will not only prevent the lake from drying out, but also restore its original level.
At the beginning of the XXI century, a further decrease in the area of the lake is predicted, although in 2000-2005 the water level in the lake increased.
Fauna and flora
Lake Chany is home to 16 species of fish. The most numerous: goldfish, perch, carp, ide, pike perch. Roach, pike, bream are of average abundance. Small species - golden carp, peled, dace, tench, lake minnow, gudgeon, verkhovka. The main wintering grounds for fish are Yarkovsky reach and Lake Yarkul. The most abundant fish in Yarkovsky reach is perch. In the summer period, all the main species of ichthyofauna live in significant numbers in the Chinyakhinsky reach, in the Tagano-Kazantsevsky reach, ide, pike perch, carp, crucian carp are common species, the number of roach and perch is somewhat less. In dry conditions, winter killings cause enormous damage to the number of fish, especially valuable commercial species.
During periods of low water, a large number of eggs and juveniles perish, so fish farming is necessary. The lake is regularly stocked with fish, and commercial fish farming is carried out in it. The first fish-breeding works in the lake were started in 1926-1927. Initially, carp, carp, bream were acclimatized. Later, the acclimatization of pike perch, peled, tench, nelma, muksun, Baikal omul was carried out; when the lake was stocked with fish, a verkhovka was accidentally introduced. The first attempts at acclimatization were not very successful, and no increase in catches was noted. In the future, the acclimatization of pike-perch turned out to be successful, and it reached a large number. The bulk of the bream perishes in low water during the onset of starvation, so its abundance has not yet reached the commercial level. Currently, there is no reliable information about the presence of Baikal omul and nelma in the lake. The failure with omul is explained by the fact that the lake for this type of fish is shallow. The acclimatization of the peled was not successful due to the increased mineralization of the water; at present, the peled is being commercialized, when the larvae raised in fish farms are released into the lake, and the fish grow to a commercial size. In addition, a significant part of the larvae of omul, muksun, peled and nelma were eaten away by perch, roach and ide.
In 1976, on the Chulym River, a fish hatchery "Uryumsky" was built, which, among other things, is engaged in the cultivation and stocking of fish in Lake Chany with juvenile carp. Active stocking with juveniles weighing 25 - 80 grams led to the formation of a large self-reproducing population of carp in the lake. According to the observations of the Novosibirsk branch of Sibrybniiproekt, in 1993, the carp, in terms of the number of juveniles appearing, was ahead of the aboriginal fish species - roach, ide and perch. Economic crisis The 1990s led to the fact that the scale of stocking of fish in the lake by the nursery was significantly reduced.
Fish stocks are now significantly depleted in comparison with the 19th century. For the first time, a reduction in catches of pike, crucian carp and perch was recorded at the end of the 19th century: “... before it was abundant in fish, pikes up to a pound in weight, crucians and perches from 5 to 7 - 8 lb. Now, for unknown reasons, its fish wealth has become scarce and the fish itself has been shredded. " In the XX century, during periods of high water levels, fish catches reached 10 thousand tons per year, in low water they decreased to 200 tons per year. During periods of low water, the basis of commercial catches is occupied by low-value fish species. Among the main reasons for the decline in catches are the following:
Decrease and sharp fluctuations in water level.
Freezing to the bottom of a significant part (up to 25%) of the lake in winter.
Anthropogenic impact.
Fishing with nets is officially allowed in the lake with the purchase of an appropriate license. The established fish catch quota is 2800 tons per year. Ichthyologists believe that the actual catches are much higher than the official statistics, in addition, poaching has been carried out on a large scale in recent years.
High mineralization of water in the lake. The highest water salinity is noted in Chinyakhinsky (6 g / dm³) and Yarkovsky (2.5 g / dm³) stretches.
At the end of the 20th century, a form of a goldfish called Amur carp got into the lake. The Amur crucian carp has rapidly multiplied for several years, practically displacing the golden carp from the lake, which has not withstood the competition with it, and now occupies the first place in catches.
The lake plays an important role for the migration of many species of waterfowl: ducks, gulls, geese, waders, swans, terns, coots, shelves. Among the rare species of birds on the lake, the white-headed duck, the red-breasted goose, the Asiatic snipe-footed fowl, the lapwing lapwing, the shylobeak, the stilt, the black-headed gull, the gleegrass, the steppe tirkushka, the golden eagle, the white-tailed eagle, and the Dalmatian pelican are noted. Significant concentrations of waterfowl are observed on the lake during periods of migration and molting. During migration and nesting on the lake there are up to 220 species of birds, according to other sources - up to 300 species of birds. In the 1970s, bird watchers estimate that the lake had up to 1.5 million waterfowl per season. During the 20th century, there has been a steady decline in the number of waterfowl due to mass destruction. For example, in 1930, 9 million eggs were collected in the Chanovsky lakes system and even more were destroyed. At the beginning of the XXI century, the main anthropogenic factors that reduce the number of birds were the destruction of nests during grazing in the coastal part of the lake, the death of birds in fishing nets. [
Of the mammals, the muskrat lives on the lake, in the forest-steppe lands confined to the lake, there are fox, hares, roe deer, badger, corsac, and Siberian weasels.
The lake is rich in plankton, both zooplankton and phytoplankton. As of 1983, 404 species of algae were found in the lake. A high biomass of algae is noted in the Chinyakhinsky stretch; the strong development of phytoplankton negatively affects the number of fish. The species diversity of zoobenthos is small, chironomids predominate; molluscs, caddisflies, culicides, gammarids, oligochaetes, dragonflies, and mayflies are also found.
Birch, bird cherry, viburnum, aspen, hawthorn, wild rose, currant, raspberry, fern grow on the shores and islands of the lake. In the 1940s, oak and forest pine were planted on the northern shore of the lake. On some islands, for example, on the Narrow rare island, wild peonies grow and bloom.
Nearest settlements
At the end of the 19th century, there were 17 settlements, of which 15 belonged to the Kainsky district, and 2 to Barnaulsky. There are currently 12 villages on the shores of the lake. None of the settlements on the shore of the lake has the status of a city or an urban-type settlement. Belovo, Kazantsevo, Kvashnino, Novoyarkovo, Staroyarkovo, Bekhten are located on the territory of the Barabinsky district, Novorozino, Shaitik, Yarkul, Tyumenka in the Kupinsky district, and Novoyablonovka and Tagan in the Chanovsky district. The largest villages in terms of population are Kazantsevo, Kvashnino and Yarkul. The decrease in the number of settlements is due to the fact that some villages that were 100 years ago on the shore of the lake are now located at a considerable distance from it, for example, the village of Yudino, Chistoozerny district, which was previously located on the shore of the dried up Yudinsky reach. At the beginning of the 20th century, there were ancient settlements on some of the islands, for example, on Bear Island. In the middle of the 20th century, there was agricultural land on the island, where watermelons were grown. Also existed rural settlements on the Tyumensky Island, but now due to the drying up of the lake, the island has merged with the land. Today, none of the islands has a permanent population.
Economy
The lake is of great fishing importance. The adjacent lands are used for haymaking and grazing. The water from the lake is used for technical needs.
Lake Chany is state-owned. A part of the coastal area has been leased by commercial organizations.
Since 1971, a research base of the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been located on the shore of the lake, where studies of various components of the lake's ecosystem are carried out. At the beginning of the 21st century, the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) allocated a grant for hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological research. From 1995 to 1997, in the southwestern part of the lake, excavations of sites dated to the 6th-7th millennium BC were carried out. NS. Due to the nature of the terrain, the cultural layers lie at a depth of only 1 m.
Environmental activities
In 1994, Lake Chany was included in the list of wetlands of world importance. In the northern part of the lake, on the territory of the Chanovsky and Barabinsky regions, the Kirzinsky reserve with an area of 1198 square kilometers was created in 1958. The protection of the lake is carried out by the state hunting supervision service, regional protection committees the environment and natural resources... As environmental measures, restrictions on hunting for waders, grazing and hay-making have been established, and a ban on drainage activities is in effect. Environmental research is supported by the Dutch Institute for Inland Water, Management and Waste Water Treatment (RIZA).
In 2012, work was carried out to deepen and clear the channel to Lake Yarkul, which made it possible to prevent the death of fish in winter.
Tourism and rest
Lake Chany is a popular holiday destination, including winter and summer fishing. The abundance of waterfowl attracts a large number of hunters. Recreation centers have been built on the shore of the lake, and special tours are organized. Lake Chany poses some danger for vacationers, because in bad weather there are very high waves on it, and there have been cases of death of people who went out on boats into the lake at such a time.
As a result of human activity, the lake contains a large amount of pollutants. The concentration of phenols, petroleum products, nitrogen compounds and other substances is growing. By the quality of water in the village of Kvashnino - the water is extremely dirty (grade 7), in the village of Kvashnino. Tagan - dirty water (grade 5).
fishing on the lake 
Interesting Facts
On July 16, 2006, at the Tolmachevo airport in Novosibirsk, employees of the Center for the Study of North-East Asia of the Tohok University (Sendai, Japan) were detained, who were trying to smuggle out samples of water (37 ampoules) and soil (40 bags) from Lake Chany.
There is a legend according to which a certain giant creature lives in the lake, devouring livestock and people.
Quotes about the lake
NM Yadrintsev: “The Chan Islands draw attention to their attractiveness; covered with greenery and forest, they are immersed in blue waters and, under special lighting, seem to float in the air. On the surface of the lakes, whole flocks of swans are found, proudly lounging and swaying like white frigates on the surface of the waters; when people approach, they wildly echo and retreat into the distance of the lake; during the flight, the silence of the lake is filled with the terrible sound of their wings. "
SMALL VATS
Malye Chany is a brackish lake in Russia, on the territory of the Kupinsky and Zdvinsky districts of the Novosibirsk region.
Area 200 km². Average depth 1.4 meters. Mineralization 0.8 g / dm³. The lake is located at an altitude of 106 meters above sea level.
The lake is connected by a channel with the larger and saltier lake Chany. The Chulym River flows into Malye Chany.
The lake has a fishing value. The lake is crossed by the routes of seasonal migrations of many species of birds, some of them nest here. To the south of the lake is the Maiskoye Utro nature reserve. The Griva Vertkova Peninsula with an area of 5.16 km² has the status of a natural monument. The peninsula is inhabited by 20 species of plants and animals included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
MONSTER LAKE CHANY
For many years, only locals yes visiting fishermen who listened with pleasure to legends about a monster supposedly living in a reservoir. However, after the authoritative British edition of Life News in 2011 published a small report on the mysterious disappearances of people in the lake, the general public started talking about the terrible phenomenon.
The first mentions of Lake Chany ("chan" in translation from Turkic - a large vessel) date back to the beginning of the 17th century, when the detachment of the ataman Semyon Kulagin entered a vast territory, which is now called the Baraba Lowland. According to the surviving descriptions in those distant years, the water area of the lake was six times larger than the modern one, and, according to the chronicles, it looked more like a sea filled with salt water. This reserved place amazed the Russian pioneers with the abundance of various fish and game that lived in its vicinity. The newcomer Cossacks were also surprised by the fact that there was no human habitation on the picturesque shores of the lake and even at some distance from it ...
In 1702, the first fishing settlement appeared on Bear Island, which, having existed for five years, became empty - for some unknown reason, the inhabitants left the village. Almost four decades later, a new settlement appeared on the Dark Peninsula. However, this time the fishermen left their habitable place. About the reasons for their departure in 1787, the geographer P. Pallas, who had made a trip to Chany a year before, wrote that the inhabitants of the village were frightened by a huge snake that seemed to be found in the waters of the lake, tearing tackle, breaking boats and even attacking people.
With the onset of the 19th century, marked by the expansion of the Tomsk province, the lake area began to be actively populated, and the coastal steppe territory was developed by agricultural communities.
Fishermen are not afraid of underwater monsters. Scientists are at a loss
In 1895, hydrological work began on a rapidly shallow lake under the leadership of engineer S. Zhilinsky, and after 15 years a group of ichthyologists from St. Petersburg, headed by A. Skorikov, arrived at Chany, who, based on the research results, would later write the work “Lake Fishing in the Barabinsk region ".
In it, the scientist first mentions a strange find found in shallow water near the Zelenchak Peninsula. In particular, A. Skorikov found a fragment of a fox carcass with lacerated wounds left by large teeth of an unknown creature. This gave the scientist a reason to assume that such large breeds of predatory fish as bluefish, katran, chinook salmon or even star moray eel may be found in the lake. However, local fishermen, according to the recollections of the ichthyologist, claimed that nothing like this had ever been caught in their nets.
For the first time, scientists were truly perplexed when a group of researchers from Leningrad University arrived in the Barabinsk region in 1932 to study the flora of the lake. From the surviving diary entries of the expedition, it is known that on a clear calm day on August 24, a member of the expedition, Arseny Belykh, on the surface of the reservoir, a hundred meters from the shore, a large snag was seen. At first, Belykh paid no attention to her. However, soon the scientist heard the splash of water, and when he turned towards the lake, he saw how a massive snag suddenly came to life, bent, and then began to plunge into the depths, forming a seething funnel around itself ...
At first glance, Chany is a completely calm body of water.
Similar mysterious phenomenon Leningrad scientists had a chance to observe already at the end of October, shortly before the first frost, not far from Chinyaikha Island. Only this time, the mysterious creature, whose only back was visible, resembling a "cut pine trunk", for several minutes slowly sailed at a great distance along the coastline.
Residents of the village of Yudino, to whom visiting researchers turned for explanations, said that there is a certain creature in their lake, which they call a sea devil. From his scattered descriptions, scientists have compiled an approximate portrait of a lake monster, according to which the creature has a massive serpentine body, reaching a length of 10 meters, and a large, somewhat extended head with a large mouth.
The old residents of the village said that the sea devil was first seen in the lake at the end of the 19th century, and since then "there is no escape from him." According to them, the bloodthirsty inhabitant of the lake sometimes attacks cows and horses, whose bitten carcasses are occasionally carried to the sloping shore of the lake by the tide. Sometimes people become its victims. So, in the period from 1930 to 1932, more than a dozen fishermen died in the lake, whose bodies could not be found ...
Having compiled a detailed report on the mysterious inhabitant of the lake, the scientists left. What happened to the information received is unknown. Perhaps further research of this phenomenon was prevented by the repressions that began soon after, and then the war. The sea devil was forgotten for four decades.
Mysterious disappearances and scary finds
The mysterious inhabitant of the lake reminded of itself again after an earthen dam was built near the western - Yudinsky - reach in 1972 in order to prevent the shallowing of the lake. As a result, the water level in Chany increased significantly - hydrologists in some parts of the lake began to mark a seven-meter depth. It was in one of these deep-water areas that a tragedy struck in January 1973, when one of the winter fishing lovers in a strange way fell through the ice. Eyewitnesses said that at first a thick crust of the ice cover of the lake swelled under the man, and then, as if some force pulled him down, after which the figure of the unlucky fisherman swiftly went into the icy water.
Another incident occurred in the fall of 1989, when a gnawed human skeleton without limbs and a head was caught by fishermen near Cheremukhovy Island. The police and prosecutor's office investigating this fact found that the remains belonged to a Novosibirsk tourist who disappeared in early summer of the same year. According to the conclusion of the forensic medical examination, the deceased was attacked by a large animal of an unidentified species.
Nowadays, according to the testimony of residents of the villages located nearby, the lake monster has re-activated. So, from the story of a resident of the village of Kvashnino N.Ya. Doronina, it follows that due to the fault of an unknown creature, 2-3 people die annually in the village. In 2009, a monster killed her 13-year-old grandson, knocking over a boat and dragging the young man into the water.
Unusual hypotheses
Representatives of the official authorities assure that it is not a mythical monster that is to blame for the tragedies that have received widespread resonance, but banal human carelessness and love for drinking alcoholic drinks on water. In addition, the depth of the lake is not able to hide such a large (as follows from numerous descriptions) animal, if one actually exists.
However, researchers paranormal activity adhere to a completely different point of view. In particular, the Novosibirsk parapsychologist Andrei Versayan, recalling one of the ancient legends that somewhere in the area of Lake Chany there is an entrance to Shambhala - the country of knowledge, truth and enlightenment, believes that it is from mystical Shambhala that one of its mysterious inhabitants, who plays the role of a "karmic orderly". According to A. Versayan, an animal takes the souls of only those living beings - people or animals, which in the future could cause terrible harm to others.
In 1997, during excavations in the coastal southwestern part of the Chany ancient settlement dating back to the 6th-7th centuries BC, archaeologists stumbled upon a large number of artifacts depicting a giant serpentine lizard. Perhaps even then, ancient people not only knew about the existence of this mysterious creature in the lake, but also worshiped him as a powerful deity of these reserved places.
IN THE LAND OF RESERVE - LAKE CHANY
... The fast "motorboat", leaving a foamy trail, rushes across the lake expanses. Together with the chairman of the environmental protection committee of the Chanovsky district, Vladimir Konstantinovich Bubnov, we arrived in the village of Tagan, located on the shore of the lake. From here we went to those protected islands, taking a local old-timer, the former manager of the Tagansky state farm, and now a pensioner Viktor Yatsenko.
Bear Island
Bear Island stretches for 7 kilometers. It is densely covered with vegetation. Emerald green birch trees are reflected in the coastal waters. Herbs are not like the song is sung - "up to the waist", but they hide them with their heads! A riot of colors. The air with a smack of intoxicating meadowsweet seems to be colored with a lilac haze - this is the oregano blooming. It is like good wine, infused - an exquisite bouquet.
Earlier, before the "perestroika", state farm cattle were grazed on the islands, there were a lot of them, only up to 600 heads were transported on barges to Bear.
We go deep into the forest. Almost invisible in the grass, stands the shepherds' hut, well preserved from those distant times, it is already more than 50 years old. There are many berries on the island: bird cherry, strawberry, wild rose, boyarka, raspberry. And only here, on Medvezhye, a fern, rare for these places, grows.
- Last year, - says Viktor Nikolaevich, - six pelicans flew here. Where did they come from ?! We told the huntsmen, but they do not believe: are you crazy, what other pelicans, they say. Ordinary, we answer, with a large "bag" for fish. They lived here all autumn. The huntsmen came and watched. An extraordinary island, for sure. Protected area.
- And in the 50-60s, - says Viktor Nikolaevich, - here watermelons were grown on sandy manes, they were taken out on barges.
I did not believe it, I thought that the old-timers were playing a visiting guest.
- We will come to the village, ask any grandmother, - Vladimir Konstantinovich smiles.
- True, true, - confirmed Irma Kondratyevna, the wife of Viktor Nikolaevich, when we returned. - How many a cart they called on Bear! The schoolchildren went there to weed them. And what big and tasty watermelons were! And a lot of them grew! The state farm was taken out by boats.
Narrow-Rare
We are heading for Narrow-Rare. Only here nests, giving birth to offspring, the "Red Book" black-headed gull.
The seagulls greeted us unfriendly: we disturbed their peace. We began to cry, screamed gutturally, all at once climbed onto the wing and circled over the uninvited guests. And the youngsters briskly earned their paws, swam to save themselves.
We went ashore. Old nests of gulls are found here and there in the grass, tart and rich. This is not the same as on the Bearish one. A narrow, treeless strip of land 5 kilometers long and 400 meters wide in the middle and up to 100 meters at the end lies among the water surface, like a sharp blade of an unknown lake giant guarding the beauty and peace of the Vats.
Trivet
- Great, Konstantinitch! - people approached, greeted, shook hands tightly. It was evident that the people loved and respected their former director. Vladimir Konstantinovich Bubnov headed the Tagansky state farm for 18 years before becoming the "chief ecologist" of the region.
- Wait, you are like that on Tagan Beautiful places you will see, - he reassured me when I was upset that I did not have time to take a picture of the village, picturesquely spread out in the steppe expanses. We drove along a great road.
- 70 kilometers to Vats. And it seems to me close. I used to go to the district twice a day, ”recalls the former director. - We built the road ourselves, on shares with other farms. And what is typical, the equipment was not taken off the road even during harvesting and sowing.
We built a lot then, in the 70-80s. A two-story school, a kindergarten, a boiler room, a bathhouse. And at home! 16 apartments for professionals and workers. Every year something new was put into operation. The state farm was strong. I will not say that it is the most advanced, but among the best. There were only more than 5 thousand heads of cattle, about 2 thousand - a dairy herd.
Vladimir Konstantinovich pours in numbers: milk yield, yields, weight gain, as if only yesterday he submitted his report. It is impossible, probably, to forget the years of hard, uninspired and so necessary for all peasant labor on mother earth.
School of the village of Tagan
On the way back, we drove through rural streets. Vladimir Konstantinovich showed me his former house, a beautiful school, and other “objects”. A beautiful village. The milkmaids were returning from the milking, and he asked the driver to slow down.
- Hello, Lyuba! How are you, work? How do you live?
- How are we living? For five years we have not received our salary in money. A centner of combi fodder will be given out, you and a happy little one. So who are you going to make to work now? There are 457 cows left on the farm. And the children feed me. They give money, they bring food.
How can one not think that, by someone's evil and merciless will, the Russian village was simply destroyed, and the people plunged into poverty. We are often reproached for being a lazy Russian man. They didn’t build, grow bread and live in poverty as they do today. And the same people - hardworking, smart, generous in heart - stayed on the same land.
The laws need to work. Per person. But it won't be for us. This is our land until the end of the century, and we have to live and work on it.
A whitish haze trembles over Lake Chany near the horizon. The air is soft and silky. The waves, driven by the breeze, splash against the shore, leaving white caps of foam on the sand. Seagulls wander along the shore. Their silhouettes, like chiseled sculptures, are reflected in the mirror reflections of the sunset. When a person approaches, seagulls take off with a cry and land again in the distance. Children are swimming in the lake. Water is like fresh milk.
(from the newspaper "Soviet Siberia No. 170" dated September 2, 2000)
FISH OF LAKE CHANY
Currently, Lake Chany and the Chulym and Kargat rivers flowing into it are inhabited by 10 species of aboriginal fish, as well as four species and one ecological form (Amur goldfish) of acclimatizing fish. During the XX century. roach, perch, and ide dominated in terms of abundance and ichthyomass in the lake.
In 1999-2002. The largest share in the catches was occupied by the Amur crucian carp. By the end of the century, the total catch of all fish species in the lake has significantly decreased, the main reason for which is a decrease in the water level and, as a consequence, an increase in its mineralization, freezing phenomena during the period ice regime, reduction of feeding and spawning areas. For these reasons, complex adaptive migrations associated with reproduction, feeding and wintering have formed in the fish of the lake. Studying the biology of fish in the lake. Vats are important component its environmental monitoring.
Now, when studying limnic systems, much attention is paid to various aspects of the organization and functioning of their biocenoses. As a rule, it is the process of hydrobiocenosis formation and its state that play a key role in the formation and succession of the ecosystem of a lake, including during its anthropogenic eutrophication.
Fish are very important in the life of biocenoses of most lakes, since they participate in the formation of their biodiversity, in the transformation of matter and energy, stability, and of all hydrobionts they are the most active and capable of adapting to many environmental factors. Thus, fish are the only poikilothermic aquatic organisms in which the immune system has a memory. It is no coincidence that fish attract the attention of many specialists as objects-indicators of the ecological state of aquatic ecosystems. Finally, fish in most cases is the only object actively removed by humans from the biocenosis of lakes as a food product.
All of the above applies to the fish of Lake Chany - a reservoir with a long and complex history of hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydrobiology, the study of ichthyofauna of which has been going on for more than a hundred years, with the main attention being paid to the state of the number of commercial fish in connection with fluctuations in the water level in the lake, its salinity and intensity of fishing.
The purpose of this work is to give a generalized description of the ichthyofauna and the state of fishery in Lake Chany, both on the basis of available publications (currently, most of them are inaccessible), and on the basis of the results of our own research in recent years ...
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND PHOTOS:
Team nomad
http://www.ozero-chany.ru
http://tainy.info/unknown/uzhas-ozera-chany/
Vinogradov V.G., Ogurtsov N.E., Yurlov A.K. Chanovskaya lake system / Wetlands International. - 1998.
Shnitnikov A.V. Intra-century fluctuations in the level of steppe lakes in Western Siberia and Northern Kazakhstan and their dependence on climate // Proceedings of the Laboratory of Lake Science of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. - 1950 .-- T. 1. - 129 p.
Savkin V. Lake Chany - a unique reservoir of Western Siberia / Science in Siberia. - 2002. - No. 48-49.
Vats, lake of Tomsk province // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb., 1890-1907.
Chany (lake) - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Vats // Dictionary of modern geographical names/ Under total. ed. acad. V. M. Kotlyakova. - Electronic edition. - Yekaterinburg: U-Factoria, 2006.
Yanovsky A. Glorious sea - lake Chany // Soviet Siberia. - 2007 .-- May 4.
Yurlov A. Here birds nest and fish spawn // Science in Siberia. - 1999. - No. 34.
Chany // Brief geographical encyclopedia. Volume 4 / Ed. Grigoriev A.A. - Moscow: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1964 .-- 448 p.
http://www.zapoved.net/
http://www.roadplanet.ru/
There are about 70 islands on the lake, the largest are Amelkina Griva, Shuldikov, Lezhan, Bear, Kolpachok, Chinyakha, Cheryomukhovy, Rare. The islands Cheryomushkin, Kobyliy, Perekopny, Bekarev, Kalinova, Chinyakha, Shipyagin, Krugly, Kolotov, Kamyshny are natural monuments of the region, since they have preserved unique landscapes that are the habitat of rare species of plants and animals. Among the largest peninsulas are Zelenchak, Kondakov, Golenky, Vaskin, Mys, Drovnikov, Rodyushkin, Kvashnino, Malinikha, Dark, Tyumensky. The islands and peninsulas of the lake have a characteristic feature - most of them stretch from the southwest to the northeast. Their specific location is explained by the fact that they are half-submerged manes. The lake is slightly saline, in the southeastern part of the lake the salinity is lower. The lake is mainly fed by snow, the lake is fed by the Kargat and Chulym rivers (flows into Malye Chany). Previously, the Sarayka River flowed into the lake, connecting it with Lake Sartlan. The average annual total runoff of the Chulym and Kargat rivers is not very significant and amounts to 0.44 km 3, while the runoffs are highly variable. Lake Chany is a unique reservoir of Western Siberia. The maximum value of the total runoff was reached in 1948 - 1.72 km 3, the minimum - in 1968, when it was 0.013 km 3. The inflow of water tends to decrease due to the numerous dams built on the rivers. The lake is connected by channels with the fresher lakes Malye Chany and Yarkul. The lake is a system of lakes connected by channels and shallow areas, of which the largest are three: Chinyakhinsky, Tagano-Kazantsevsky and Yarkovsky, differing in water salinity, area, depths, soils, food resources. It freezes in the second half of October - the first half of November, opens in May. There is local shipping on the lake.
Fish stocks are now significantly depleted in comparison with the 19th century. For the first time, a reduction in catches of pike, crucian carp and perch was recorded at the end of the 19th century: “... before it was abundant in fish, pikes up to a pound in weight, crucians and perches from 5 to 7 - 8 lb. Now, for unknown reasons, its fish wealth has become scarce and the fish itself has been shredded. " In the XX century, during periods of high water levels, fish catches reached 10 thousand tons per year, in low water they decreased to 200 tons per year. During periods of low water, the basis of commercial catches is occupied by low-value fish species. Among the main reasons for the decline in catches are the following: Decrease and sharp fluctuations in water levels. Winter deaths. Freezing to the bottom of a significant part (up to 25%) of the lake in winter. Reducing stocking. Anthropogenic impact. Fishing with nets is officially allowed in the lake with the purchase of an appropriate license. The established fish catch quota is 2800 tons per year. Ichthyologists believe that the actual catches are much higher than the official statistics, in addition, poaching has been carried out on a large scale in recent years. An increase in the concentration of phenols, petroleum products, nitrogen compounds and other substances. High mineralization of water in the lake. The highest water salinity is noted in Chinyakhinsky (6 g / dm 3) and Yarkovsky (2.5 g / dm 3) stretches. At the end of the 20th century, a form of a goldfish called Amur carp got into the lake. The Amur crucian carp has rapidly multiplied for several years, practically displacing the golden carp from the lake, which has not withstood the competition with it, and now occupies the first place in catches. Part of the perch population is infected with gill mites. Opisthorchiasis in fish from Lake Chany has not yet been noted. The lake plays an important role for the migration of many species of waterfowl: ducks, gulls, geese, waders, swans, terns, coots, shelves. Among the rare species of birds on the lake, the white-headed duck, the red-breasted goose, the Asiatic snipe-footed fowl, the lapwing lapwing, the shylobeak, the stilt, the black-headed gull, the gleegrass, the steppe tirkushka, the golden eagle, the white-tailed eagle, and the Dalmatian pelican are noted. Significant concentrations of waterfowl are observed on the lake during periods of migration and molting. During migration and nesting on the lake there are up to 220 species of birds, according to other sources - up to 300 species of birds. In the 1970s, bird watchers estimate that the lake had up to 1.5 million waterfowl per season. During the 20th century, there has been a steady decline in the number of waterfowl due to mass destruction. For example, in 1930, 9 million eggs were collected in the Chanovsky lakes system and even more were destroyed. At the beginning of the 21st century, the main anthropogenic factors that reduce the number of birds were the destruction of nests during grazing in the coastal part of the lake, the death of birds in fishing nets.
Of the mammals, the muskrat lives on the lake, in the forest-steppe lands confined to the lake, there are fox, hares, roe deer, badger, corsac, and Siberian weasels. The lake is rich in plankton, both zooplankton and phytoplankton. As of 1983, 404 species of algae were found in the lake. A high biomass of algae is noted in the Chinyakhinsky stretch; the strong development of phytoplankton negatively affects the number of fish. The species diversity of zoobenthos is small, chironomids predominate; molluscs, caddisflies, culicides, gammarids, oligochaetes, dragonflies, and mayflies are also found. Birch, bird cherry, viburnum, aspen, hawthorn, wild rose, currant, raspberry, fern grow on the shores and islands of the lake. In the 1940s, oak and forest pine were planted on the northern shore of the lake. On some islands, for example, on the Narrow rare island, wild peonies grow and bloom.
Natural World Heritage Sites of South America Campos Cerrado National Parks: Chapada dos Veadeyrus and Emas, Brazil
Is there a sea in finland
The meaning of the eighth wonder of the world in a reference book on phraseology
Federal system of reconnaissance and airspace control
Federal system of reconnaissance and airspace control problems of improvement