Accidents at aviation transport: species, reasons and what to do.

23.09.2019

A plane crash Tu-104b in the area of \u200b\u200bVnukovo Airport. 1979. 58 people died.

Plane crashes and incidents - phenomena generating a wide variety of conjectures and curvators. This is especially true of the incidents of the Soviet period, when all such cases were carefully hidden. Therefore, most people thought that the USSR was not in principle in the USSR. Deep delusion. For example, only in 1973 in the Soviet Union occurred 51 plane crash. And we are talking only about civil aircraft. Today we will tell about the most severe and most odious catastrophes of the 70s and 1980s of the last century

Questions without answers

1972. IL-18. Sochi. 108 people died.

The IL-18 aircraft took off at the airport of Sochi on October 1. On board were 100 adult passengers, 1 child and accompanying the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Soon the connection with the crew ceased, and then received a message from the Navy on the fall of the aircraft to the sea.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe fall of the aircraft, the sea had a depth of 500-1000 m, there were powerful deposits of liquid sludge on the bottom. Therefore, it was not possible to detect and raise from the bottom of the aircraft. According to the floors found on the surface, it is possible to conclude that the plane completely collapsed when the water hit.

Fire tracks at the found parts of the aircraft and the corpses were not discovered. The true cause of the catastrophe is not possible.

The Commission put forward a number of reasons for the disaster, including: the collision of the aircraft with a pack of migratory birds, the failure of the technique and the attack on the crew. None of the extended versions received confirmation.

Criminal negligence

1973. Tu-104. Northwest Domodedovo Airport (Moscow Region). 122 people died.

October 13, the plane performed the flight Kutaisi-Moscow. On board were 112 adult passengers and two children. From the bottom of 8 passengers were illegally taken by crew without tickets. When entering the landing, the crew reported on bad work of compasses. It was the last connection with the plane. The liner ran into the ground 16 km from the landing strip. The cause of the catastrophe called the termination of the instruments as a result of their de-energization.

Representatives of the Commission indicated that "the most likely cause of de-energization is the unintentional shutdown of the switchboard of the electrical panel, while turning out with some other an outsider with a hook. It is also possible to accidentally turn off the power to one of those who were in the pilot cabin of flashers taken by the crew on board "...

Failure to devices

1976. IL-18. Voronezh region, near the village of Upper Hawa. 111 people died.

March 6 The crew made a rise at Vnukovo airport. On board there were 100 passengers, including 1 child. When landing the crew handed over to the Voronezh dispatcher: "Fall, all the instruments refused," after which the connection has stopped with it.
The plane faced the earth and exploded. The scatter of the debris was 390 m. The bulk of the construction of the aircraft went underground to the depth of 14 m.
Conclusion: The cause of the disaster is the disruption of the operations due to the power failure. The reason for stopping the power was not possible. The presence in the cockpit designed for 5 people, two unnecessary crew members (second pilot and an antifreeze) could contribute to the development of the situation that led to the catastrophe ...

Unhappy love

On September 26, 1976, a plane crash occurred in Novosibirsk as a result of the intentional collision of the An-2 aircraft with a five-storey residential house.

Sunday morning, young, 24 year old pilot, one of the pilots of West Siberian control civil aviationVladimir Serkov committed an unauthorized takeoff on the An-2 plane without passengers from Novosibirsk Airport. For a while, concerning the city at an extremely low altitude, the pilot sent his plane into a five-storey residential building. As the investigation has shown the incident, at this address lived the wife of Pilot-Kamikadze, which shortly before it left him, picking a child. She lived in this house with his parents. According to one of the versions of the incident, the pilot decided to reduce the scores with life, and at the same time take revenge on his wife and her relatives who did not turn out at the time of Taran in the house. In a collision and as a result of a fire, 11 residents of the house were killed - someone under the debris, someone from burns, someone crashed, jumping off the upper floors of the burning house.

Dispatcher error

1979. Collision near Dneprodzerzhinsk two Tu-134. 178 people died, incl. Team "Pakhtakor".

On August 11, there were collisions of two Tu-134 aircraft in the Dneprodzerzhinsk area. The collision occurred at the point of intersection of the Dnepropetrovsk - Kremenchug and Magdalinovka - Dneprodzerzhinsk, at an altitude of 8,400 m.

One of the Tu-134 performed Tashkent - Minsk flight. There were 77 passengers on board (of which 13 children), including players and coaches of the Pakhtakor football team, sent to the game of the USSR Football Championship in Minsk.
The second aircraft Tu-134 fulfilled the flight Chelyabinsk - Chisinau. On board there were 88 passengers, including 16 children.
Airplanes collided at an angle of 95 ° and almost completely collapsed in the air.

The cause of the disaster was errors allowed by the dispatcher, which did not provide the installed interval between the aircraft.

The grave of the "Pakhtakor" team was dead in a plane crash in 1979.

Non-quality manufacture

1982. Yak-42. Narovli (Belarus). 132 people died.

On June 28, at the landing, the crew reported to the dispatcher about the beginning of the decline and did not answer for subsequent requests ... the fragments of the aircraft were discovered at 10 km south-west of Narov. On board were 113 adult passengers and 11 children.
Conclusions of the Commission: "Analysis of the Yak-42 showed that during operation, a large number of defects were identified on it, indicating the low quality of production and assembly."

Low Preparation of Dispatch Service

1984. Tu-154. In the Omsk Airport area. 178 people died.

The Tu-154 flew from Krasnodar was to land in Omsk airport. Having received permission to land, the plane went to the decline. After a few seconds, he encountered the car, broke into two parts and caught fire.

Guilty of the plane crash recognized the flight manager and dispatcher.

At the time of planting the aircraft, several wind vehicles equipped with kerosene and jet engines worked on the strip. Machines dried with hot air concrete coating.

At the same time they did not have radio stations. The dispatcher turned on the landing lights, he was sure that the band was free ...

After a second, after landing, the pilot noticed an obstacle on the lane, but it did not work out. After a collision with machines filled with a large number of kerosene, an explosion occurred. All motor vehicles were destroyed. 169 passengers died in fire, 5 flight attendants, 3 chairs and a master of the airfield service. 3 members of the crew: the ship commander, the navigator and the flight engineer were not injured.

Fatal concussion

On May 3, 1985, in the sky in the Lviv region there was one of the most mysterious plane crash On the territory of Ukraine, the passenger aircraft of Tu-134a, heading from Tallinn to Lviv, and Military An-26, flying from Lviv to Moscow, were collided. 94 people died.

Tu-134a performed domestic flight Tallinn Chisinau with intermediate landing in Lviv. The crew consisted of six people, there were 73 passengers in the cabin - 65 adults and 8 children. This flight flew an outstanding graphic artist - "Lviv Durer" Alexander Axinin, and promising young Estonian tennis player Alari Lindmay.

At the same time when landing passenger aircraftThe Military Transport An-26 flew from Lviv Airport. This plane contains the highest management of the Air Force of the Carpathian Military District. On board An-26, including six crew members, there were 15 people. At an altitude of 3,900 m, the aircraft collided with left planes. Nobody survived.

After the disaster, decrypting the information of "black boxes", the commission set: a few seconds before the collision, the pilots saw each other and tried to linake. The Tu-134 is heard a cry of a pilot: "Wow, E ... T!", And on a military aircraft - a creek of the bornemaker: "... commander, carcass!"

As a result, the aircraft crash killed 94 people

The Commission decided that the Lviv dispatcher was to blame for the tragedy. They gave permission to depart the military aircraft, without checking whether the air corridor is free.

Surprisingly, Lviv schedule Alexander Axinin shortly before that, he portrayed his death on engravings - on one of them he painted a falling brush with 35 berries (it was at 35 he died), which cut off the air scissors. And at the last Outline "Resurrection", the schedule depicted a memorial glass near the grave in a rzhan field, where the plane fell.

The aircraft allows you to quickly overcome huge distances. Every year around the world, they enjoy more than a hundred million people. The reliability and safety of aviation improves constantly. Modern protection in air traffic accidents are being introduced, including passenger luggage inspection systems at airports, the vessel inspection before departure, close interaction with weather services, the presence and observance of a clear regulation when managing the aircraft.

Despite the fact that ensuring the safety of flight in aviation is given priority, the accidents of varying severity continue to occur. What can cause, is there a chance to survive in it and what actions of passengers at an air transport accident will contribute to this, consider in this article.

Causes of incidents and their types

Depending on how seriously the aircraft suffered and whether human sacrifices are distinguished by accidents, breakdowns of the aircraft and catastrophe.

The most insignificant incident is the breakdown. As a rule, there are no damage to the aircraft and subject to repair, and no harm is made to the health of crew members and passengers. The accident is called an incident in which there are no death of people, but the vessel suffered quite strongly and it is not subject to recovery.

The most significant destructive consequences has a plane crash. The obligatory feature is the death of passengers, as well as crew members. The death of people who occurred as a result of injuries received within a month after the disaster was also taken into account. The destruction of the vessel is often accompanied by fire, decompensation and explosion.

Emergencies in the air have a number of aggravating features compared to other transport incidents. This is the movement of the aircraft at a considerable height, high flight speed, finding a large accumulation of people in a closed space, the lack of the ability to effectively assist other services at the time of the crash, the frequency of development of the incident. It is these devastating consequences of a plane crash.

Groups of causes of accidents

All causes of air traffic accidents are divided into the following groups:

Human factor (crew errors or dispatch service, poor well-being or fatigue of pilots). Recently, the reason became relevant - blinding pilots from the ground with light pointers, lanterns.
Technical: failure, malfunction or breakdown of on-board equipment, poor fuel quality.
Bad weather conditions (, sharp cooling, high humidity)
: Capture of the vessel, explosion, sabotage.

According to statistics, more than 50% of all aircraft catastrophes have their own cause of the human factor. The technical malfunctions relate to about 30%, the remaining associated with the adverse effects of the natural environment and other reasons.

What to do with a fire in the aircraft cabin

Toxic smoke, filling salon in case of ignition, is a greater danger to a person than the fire itself. Be sure to take care of the protection of the mouth and nose. Breathe only through wet fabric (any handkerchief, scarf, hat, collar). When evacuations move to emergency exit, crumpled to the floor or crawling. At the bottom of the smoke accumulation is minimal.

Girls should remove high-heeled shoes and pantyhose. Tights belong to rapidly gasp. They can light up from any spark. Shoes in case of falling or running are also able to cause serious injury. Moreover, by chance, in a smoked salon, you can injure another passenger when moving Clarice.

At open areas of the body it is better to throw any clothes, plaid or bedspread. It will save from strong thermal burns. How to act when getting a burn you can see in our video: ". If it is difficult to get to the output because of the accumulation of the people or drank things, then piercing the chairs, pre-omit their backs. Hands should be free. Do not take bags with you. Act according to the guidelines.

In the event of an accident, all available outputs are used, including spare. They can be easily detected by special labeling. For convenience, all the inscriptions are highlighted at any lighting. Next to the emergency hatch is a detailed and accessible instruction on opening the castle.

Leaving the cabin of the aircraft, do not stand nearby. The fire can provoke an explosion. In this case, you can suffer from severe and flying fragments. Optimal option It will be to move away or lie on the ground, protecting his head with his hands.

How not to suffer with tight landing

Such landings are characterized by suddenness, so you should pay attention to such signs as a decrease in the height, the appearance of smoke and / or the smell of Gary, stop the operation of the engines. When an unplanned decrease is made of pockets, remove all sharp, cutting or flammable items (keys, lighter, nail file). Get rid of high-heeled shoes, remove stagnant clothing items (tie, belt, glasses).

Please accept the most secure posture: lean forward, dropping your head as low as possible, clamp your legs or go about the back of the neighboring chair for the support. Legs slightly straighten forward, but do not shove them under ahead standing chair. At the time of the landing, strain all the muscles and try not to fly out of the chair. You can get up from your place and leave the salon only after the corresponding direction of the flight attendant or another crew member.

Do not neglect the safety belt reject on your physique before takeoff and landing. It should be fixed in the hip area. When landing, look around. There should be no heavy or large baggage over you.

If it happens with the help of an inflatable ladder, then approaching the hatch needs to jump on it and roll. Many of the fear stop stop, sit and only then go away, the salvation of people slow down very much.

What to do with decompression in the cabin

Actions during an accident on air transport associated with air discharge in the cabin as a result of the depressurization of the fuselage of the aircraft are in the rapid putting on the oxygen mask, even without the corresponding crew team.

The main mistake is the desire to help first close or say something. Air from the lungs during decompression comes quickly, and slow down the process you are not able. If you make a mask, then in a couple of minutes you lose consciousness. It will be right without unnecessary movements and conversations to wear a mask, and then help close.

Be sure to fasten the seat belts. Remember that when the air is discharged, the appearance of a stall in the ears, and may also temporarily deteriorate vision.

What to do with a forced landing for water

Accidents with landing on the water surface happen very rarely, as not all pilots are capable of making a smooth landing without additional destruction. Even without damage, the airplane is capable of being able to be no more than 40 minutes.

In this case, evacuated from sinking air transport quickly.

The rules of salvation when landing the aircraft on the water provide for the following actions:

Perform the crew
Put on yourself warm clothes or take with you
Take advantage of the rescue vest.
Dress it, pockets forward.
To inflate the vest in the cabin is prohibited. This will complicate evacuation.
Once in the water, pull the check for automatic lift inflation.
It is advisable to all the survivors to keep together, you will find it faster, and you can save warmly longer.

Be careful, before flying over the water surface, the editorial is always instructed by the right use of the vest.

How to behave in the turbulence zone

Often during the flight, the liner can get to the air pit, as a result of which the shaking and severe vibration occurs on board. This situation is called turbulence. The safety belt should be fastened and accurately follow the instructions of the crew members. Do not get up from the spot - it can lead to injury.

And most importantly, the pilots in the event of an emergency to the latter are trying to avoid disasters, so they panicing, screaming, getting up from the chair and run through the cabin it is categorically prohibited. This will only distract the crew than only worsen and without the dangerous situation on board.

The plane though it is considered the most safe view Transport, incidents with more tragic consequences. For such incidents, a large number of victims are characterized, significant damage or destruction of the aircraft, and closer attention to the media.

Flight Classification

Aviation incidents and incidents are classified for several features. There are terrestrial and flight incidents. Ground is called those incidents that occurred before or after the flight. The incidents are those catastrophes that are associated with the execution of the carriage of the vessel of flight task.

In addition, breakdowns, accidents and disasters. The breakdown leads to insignificant damage to the aircraft, the victims and affected at the same time. The accident is called an incident, which has not caused the death of people, as a result of which the plane gets significant damage or collapses. Under the catastrophes are the aviation incidents for which are characteristic:

damage to the aircraft so that the repair is economically inappropriate or impossible, complete destruction of the aircraft;
the death of passengers or crew members, as well as people, from among those on board, over the next 30 days from the moment of the incident.

Causes of aviation incidents

The most common cause of aviation catastrophes are pilots errors, i.e. the human factor. In 42% of cases for other reasons, accidents occur. Catastrophe factors are distributed as follows:

58% of incidents that resulted in the death of one or more passengers or crew members occur due to pilot errors.
22% of tragic cases occur due to the refusal of technology.
12% of incidents fall on unfavorable weather conditions during the flight.
9% of the catastrophe occurs due to terrorist acts.
7% accounted for errors of terrestrial airport personnel.
1% of aviation incidents occurs due to the influence of another kind of causes.

Aviation incidents and incidents caused by the human factor, in 29% of cases occurred by random coincidence, due to the inattention or forgetfulness of pilots, 16% accounted for mistakes caused by complex meteorological conditions, in 5% of cases the cause of the incident becomes a refusal of technology.

Methods of aircraft crash

Each tragic incident with an aircraft is subject to compulsory consideration and analysis. The rules of investigation of accidents and incidents suggest the operational creation of a rapid response group, which includes specialists from the areas, directly or indirectly related to this sphere. Further, the case is transferred to the Commission for the Investigation of the Aviation Incident or aviation Incident In Russia, the National Security Council in transport in the United States or other services.

Analysis of accidents and incidents implies the following steps:

The search for the main four parts of the aircraft to determine the aircraft on the ground broke or broke up in the air.
Search and audition
Checking the negotiations of pilots with the dispatcher.
Analysis of the meteorological summary.
Search and collect all debris of the aircraft.
Tests of similar models of technique in simulators.
Analysis of personal affairs of pilots and identifying possible psychological factors that influenced the fact of the catastrophe.
Check passengers and cargo by documentation in order to exclude or confirm the version of the terrorist attack.
Survey of survivors and eyewitnesses tragedy, watching a video of what happened.
Paloanatomy of corpses.

Statistics A plane crash for countries

The statistics of the number of catastrophes with civilian aircraft with a large margin are headed by the United States. So, from 1945 to 2013 in the United States, a more seed of accidents with human victims happened. The statistics of accidents over the same period indicate that the number of passengers and crew members who died in the catastrophes and members of the crew amounted to ten and a half thousand people.

Russia in sad statistics is located on the second line. In the first ten countries in the number of accidents and disasters, Canada, Brazil, Colombia, United Kingdom, France, India, Indonesia and Mexico. A large gap of the United States from other states in the ranking is explained by the fact that the state of the states accounted for 28% of the departures of civil aircraft in the world.

The largest catastrophe in Russia

There were large aviation incidents and in Russia. The most terrible in the number of victims of the tragedy was the collision of the Tu-154 aircraft, which flew along the route Krasnodar-Novosibirsk through Omsk, with three service machines of the airport on the runway in 1984. As a result of the incident, the plane collapsed, out of 179 people who were in the plane, survived only five.

Some sources call the largest catastrophe of the border incident in Sakhalin Island in 1983. After a two-time disorder of the border of the USSR, South Korean Boeing 747 was shot down. The death toll was 269 people.

The largest catastrophe in the USSR

The aviation incidents of the USSR have a hundred or more killed only in three cases in the entire history of Soviet aviation. The largest incident is the fall of Tu-154 under the studio, in the territory of Uzbekistan. The board served as a passenger flight on the route Karshi-Ufa-Leningrad, but after forty-six minutes after takeoff, the ship lost control and entered the corkscrew. The cause of the tragic incident was the management error. For another version, the recreation recreation of pilots was broken. All two hundred people who were on board were killed.

Terrorist attacks September 11, 2001 in the USA

The two largest aerial accidents in the world are incidents with flights 11 Boston - Los Angeles and 175 Logan - Los Angeles, which were captured by terrorists and sent to the World Tower Shopping center With a difference of 17 minutes. In the first aircraft (Boeing 767-223er) There were 92 passengers, pilots and flight attendants, including 5 hijackers, in the second - 65 people, including 5 hijackers. As a result of the first clash, about 1,692 people died in general (passengers and crew of the aircraft, terrorists, people who were in the WTC and rescuers), about 965 people became the second victims.

Clash at Los Rodeos airport

Another major aviation accident happened at the end of March 1977 on Canary Islands. Two "Boeing" collided on the runway, which flew flights along the routes Amsterdam - Las Palmas and Los Angeles - Las Palmas through New York. The official cause of the catastrophe Investigation recognized the wrong interpretation of the teams of the dispatcher and crew error. As a result of the incident killed 583 people.

Catastrophe Boeing 747 under Tokyo

In 1985, aviation incidents were replenished with another tragic case that occurred in Tokyo. The plane, who performed the internal flight of Tokyo Osaka, lost his tail stabilizer in twelve minutes after the take-off, as a result of which lost control and crashed into a mountain of 112 kilometers from the capital of Japan.

Of the 524 people who were on board, survived only four. Many passengers died not at the moment of impact, but on earth - from hypothermia and wounds. Perhaps if the help arrived earlier (four survivors found fourteen hours after the crash), some of them would be able to save.

Collision over Charch Dadry

The first in the number of victims in the collision of aircraft in the air of the catastrophe - the collapse of the Boeing 747-168B airline airline Saudi Arabia And the aircraft Kazakhstan Airlines. The incident occurred in the sky over the Indian city of Charch Dadry. 349 people who were on board both planes were killed in the catastrophe. Among the victims of the incident, citizens of India, Nepal, Saudi Arabia, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, USA, Pakistan, Bangladesh and the United Kingdom (to reduce the number of dead) are listed.

The causes of the incident, the official commission recognized such factors:

bad knowledge of English by flight attendants and aircraft pilots;
insufficient mastery of pilots and unsatisfactory performance of the crew;
lack of standard professional phraseology at pilots;
the presence of only a single corridor for takeoffs and landings;
no radar at Indian Delhi Airport.

Catastrophe Turkish Airlines under Paris

A disaster over Paris occurred in early March 1973. Airliner turkish Airlines Followed the flight route Istanbul-London through Paris, when six minutes after the take-off, the door of the cargo compartment opened. Management and in the fall collapsed into small fragments. All those who were on board were killed, i.e. 334 passengers and twelve crew members.

Terrorist attack over the Atlantic Ocean

Which occurred in 1985 Atlantic Ocean, Bared the life of 329 people. The plane crash occurred in neutral waters, the plane broke up on the fragments due to the explosion in the cargo compartment. Responsibility for the incident, three extremist groups in the United States and Canada took over.

SAUDI ARABIAN AIRLINES catastrophe in Er-Riyadh

In 1980, the airline airline of Saudi Arabia fulfilled the flight on the route Karachi - Er-Riyadh - Jeddah. A few minutes after the take-off on board it happened fire. The carrier of the aircraft managed to make an emergency landing, but rescue work began only twenty-three minutes after landing. Flight attendants could not open the doors and start evacuation, and the airport services needed time to understand the appropriate instructions on english language. As a result of delay, all 287 passengers and fourteen crew members were killed.

Tragedy over Donetsk in 2014

The largest aircraft crash of the twenty-first century in the post-Soviet space occurred in the summer of 2014 over the territory of the armed confrontation between the government forces and the formations of the Donetsk People's Republic. "Boeing" 777, who fulfilled the flight on the route Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur (the capital of Malaysia), was shot down from the Self-propelled anti-aircraft complex "Beech". The search operation and the investigation of the incident were complicated by the fact that the territory where the plane fell was between two fronts.

As a result of the catastrophe, 298 people died. The flight took advantage of the press secretary World Organization Health, Senator from the Labor Party of the Netherlands, Australian Writer, Participants in the Conference of the International Society for Fighting AIDS. The incident has become a significant factor in the introduction of new sanctions against Russia, influenced stock indices and bankruptcy of Malaysia Airlines.

Catasturn of cargo An-32 in Zaire

The top ten of the largest aircraft closes the incident with the cargo An-32, which occurred in Zaire. The plane could not climb into the air and crashed into the market, which was very close to the runway. As a result of the incident, the bornemaker, who was on board the aircraft, and 297 people on Earth, among which were predominantly women and children. From among the dead, only 66 people were identified.

Often there is a serious confusion in operating with such terms as the "aviation incident" and "incident". In fact, they have completely different explanations and signs that are taken into account when investigating and drawing up reporting data.

What is an aviation incident?

Since the aircraft is the safest transportation in our days, the flights are determined by categorical security criteria, which can affect various factors. Decree of Government Russian Federation 06/18/1998 Due to the number 609, the official definition of an aviation incident was adopted, which denotes the event that occurred during the time when any person first crossed the threshold of the aircraft for the purpose of flight, until the moment of complete leaving of the aircraft (aircraft), the flights committed by flight.

What does it mean? Such an event is not the norm for the standard flow of flight time, as well as the standard operation of the aircraft, crew, S., or the usual impact ambient. It has a direct impact on flight safety. However, ends without aviation incident.

Types of incidents

Given that events can wear different character, incidents can also be two types:

A serious aviation incident, during which the integrity of the aircraft occurred. In this case, all regenerating work on the return of the entire former species will be considered financially appropriate and physically possible. It is not worth these moments when the aircraft repair requires the replacement of any units with the use of technologies that are not provided for manuals and maintain a certain type of aircraft.
A serious aviation incident, which did not affect the circumstances for the appearance of the incident. Such cases typically have certain criteria.

Criteria of serious incidents

Signs of serious aviation incidents are:

Case with a rollout outside the strip.
The appearance of smoke, change in temperature regime (its increase or decrease), the occurrence of smell of toxic gases or other caustic substances, as well as other impacts that harm the crew and passengers.
The decline in force due to unexplained circumstances, a significant decrease in the efficiency of the cabin or flight crew.
Unlawful use of force, which leads to injury (refers to persons on board Sun).
Changes to the worse flight characteristics of the aircraft, as well as its controllability.
The appearance of a threat to the destruction of the Sun structure due to the illiquified possibility of an explosion, unreared and continued destruction of one of the aircraft engines, as well as the danger of fire.
Broken control of aircraft controls.
Those damage that do not belong to the categories of the accident.

In cases of dangerous rapprochement of several aircraft in airspace either within the territory of the district, WFP is considered as a single event. However, for each vessel there will be its own classification of consequences. That is, each Sun eventually receives an official statement in the course of verification and investigation.

How does an incident differ from the incident?

Often, people who are not familiar with aviation terminology confuse such concepts as the "aviation incident" and "incident". If everything is clear with the last term, then the aircraft has a slightly different explanation, which is expressed in characterizing its signs. So what is it? The aviation incident has its own period - the moment when the first person stepped on board the aircraft with the aim of making a flight, until the moment of complete leaving the aircraft by any individual. During this period could happen:

Causing harm to any deathly person. The exceptions are cases where such harm is not related to the operation of the aircraft. Under the similar criterion, there are deaths with a fatal outcome after the expiration of thirty days from the date of the accident.
Damage or destruction of the fuselage, which is why not only the strength of the aircraft is disturbed, but its flight and technical functions. Urgent repairs are needed, as well as replacing a spoiled element, except for the moments associated with the failure of one of the engines, when there is no possibility to replace one or more parts and requires comprehensive technical assistance. Damage to fairing, pre-settlers, brake devices, and so on, if such damage has not changed the structure and strength of the vessel. Disorders of the integrity of the steering wheel, screws, transmission and other.
Emergency associated with the places of aircraft with radar. Aviation incident will be considered if access to the aircraft is limited or impossible, as is the conduct of evacuation work (regardless of which damage it is possible).

The plane is considered missing when they could not establish his location or wreckage of Sun, and official rescue operations The search was discontinued. Such a decision is adopted by the Agency Rosaviacosmos.

Types of aviation incidents

Like aviation incidents, the incidents have two subspecies:

A plane crash - the situation on board the aircraft in which death occurred, the disappearance of one or more members from the flight / cabin crew or passengers. The same meaning also applies to emergency situations / evacuation from an airplane, which suffered disaster.
The accident is an accident, the result of which did not show the victims among the crew or passengers, as well as the Sun was not announced missing.

Causes of aviation accidents

The root of the plane crash is still a human factor. All over the world there are certain statistics of the causes of aviation incidents, and in particular the most frequent flight crew errors. The list is presented in the percentage:

Bugs of pilots - 50, of which 29 - unburovized, 16 - caused weather conditions5 - related to the refusal of technology.
22 - falls on the failure of technician not related to the actions of the flight crew.
12 - meteo conditions.
9 - terrorist acts.
7 - errors of air traffic controllers, technicians, etc.

The most dangerous flight phases are the takeoff and landing of the Sun, since the aircraft crosses the line and enters into a small height of the flight. In this case, the time is not enough to assess what is happening.

The most popular areas of flights on which aviation accidents, plane crash and incidents occur, in the percentage ratio:

Moment run - 24.8%.
The moment of runway is 17.6%.
The moment of landing is 16.3%.
Finding in the waiting area and the moment of landing approach - 11.8%.
Moment takeoff - 11.1%.
The period of a set of height is 6.5%.
Flying on cruising echelon - 5.2%.
Reducing and taxiing - 3.3% for each item.

How is the investigation?

By existing rulesIn the investigation of accidents and incidents, the Interstate Aviation Committee and the Special Authorized Authority in the field of GA, respectively. How does this happen? Since in our modern century, most emergency situations occur not only in airspace, but also on Earth, in the sub-produm territory, then interpretations for such incidents and incidents are significantly expanded.

The Commission for the Investigation of Aviation Accidents and Incidents, according to the article number 96 of the Air Code of the Russian Federation, has quite broad powers. Such a feature is associated with a thorough study of all the materials of the case. Given that Russia participates in the Chicago Convention, representatives of states and other employees of the Commission have the right:

attend the scene of the incident as many times as they need;
inspect aircraft to the extent that they need to prepare protocols and reports;
take part during reading information from recorded aircraft recording devices;
have open access to all broadcasts, as well as view all the information containing witnesses.

The most important factor is the efficiency of the life of the rescue forces into the aircraft site. For leadership, it is important to be the efficiency in the reporting of primary information, which allows the mobile to expand and form the work of the Commission for the Investigation and the study of the incident.

Responsibility for initial actions lies at the head of the OGA and the head of the regional administration of the territory, which is included in their responsible possession. Before the arrival of the rescuer team, the aircraft commander is responsible. Side recorders and other devices are allowed to open solely with the permission of the Chairman of the Commission for the Investigation of the incident. Explant, the manufacturer and the developer organization must maintain all the documentation on the aircraft.

Work of the Commission

The Chairman of the Commission is responsible for organizing, coordinating and conducting all the work on the investigation. Usually, a mini commission under the guidance of the main commission is created to facilitate the work. They help in learning flight, engineering and technical and administrative materials. For incidents of such commissions is not created. If it turns out that it is necessary to initiate a criminal case, then investigators are proceeded to work. In such cases, the withdrawal of recorders and other materials is made with the permission of law enforcement agencies.

While the investigation is not completed and the main verdict has not been made, any dissemination of information is categorically prohibited. The Commission holds meetings that are issued by special protocols with signatures of the head of the headquarters and the Chairman. In reports to investigate accidents and incidents, all the work done for a certain period of time is reflected.

The final report indicates all the information on research and examinations available to the Commission. Investigations of aviation incidents occur in the same manner and according to the same rules. When submitting the verdict, all the voices of the participants of such a commission are taken into account. When expressing disagreement, it is necessary to provide its opinion in writing, which creates a discussion protocol. But there are cases when a dissenter view marked "special".

Examples of aviation incidents

In the world, small aircidences associated with the husty attitude of the personnel depreciation are happening daily. Some of them are simply the consequence of the coincidence. Not all aviation incidents in Russia are covered by the media. However, among the internal documentation of airlines and airlines, the end of the year is always notable for the fresh list, which gathered all incidents, incidents and disasters that happened for this calendar year.

For example, in 2015 in Samara, due to the failure of the on-board computer, the aircraft made an emergency landing " Ural Airlines"During the following from the city of Yekaterinburg to Gelendzhik. The salon was not complete: about a hundred people. Thanks to the team work of the flight crew and the actions of the FCC, the aircraft successfully landed in Samara, and passengers provided a backup board. In the same year 2015, at Vorkuta, helicopter was forced -8 Commiamatrans' company due to damage to the blades and windshield of the pilot cabin.

Consider international cases. In order to investigate the aviation incident at the airport of Antalya (Turkey) in October 2017, it was found out that due to the negligence attitude of the personnel of the Antalya Airport during an attempt to take off the aircraft of the Ukrainian company "Rose Winds" there was a leakage of aviation kerosene (fuel). As a result, after an interrupted take-off, the aircraft drove into a long parking lot to eliminate the consequences and determination of the causes of the incident.

October 2017 was remembered by the failure of the An-148 created in Voronezh. The pilots had to make an emergency landing due to the failure of one of the engines. Regarding the incident, checks on the Voronezh aircraft rapid plant.

Another test ended in failure, only this time in Brazil with the participation of the new transport aircraft KS-390. According to the results, it was possible to find out that due to the displacement of a heavy non-boiled unit from the central part of the vessel, the tail was rotated around its axis and the subsequent corkscrew, to get out of which it was possible at a critical altitude in three hundred meters. Subsequent studies of the fuselage design have discovered damage due to exceeding the permissible overload limit.

And the fresh incident that occurred on January 1, 2018 in Turkish airline Turkish Airlines. In Istanbul, one of the spotters managed to photograph how the Airbus-321 ran into a bunch of multi-colored balls. Fortunately it became only a beautiful picture, but do not forget that such products are filled with gases capable of rapid ignition, and in the case of such a substance in engines of the aircraft, irreparable consequences may come.

The worst and famous aircraft crashes

In the history of passenger air transport, you can count more than one hundred catastrophes. It is terrible to imagine what people thought about the most last seconds their lives. Thanks to modern technologies, it is possible to familiarize yourself with almost every major catastrophe for media media or using documentaries BBC on the investigation of a plane crash.

An example of one of the largest incidents was the wreck of Boeing-747, which belonged to "Japanese airlines". It occurred in 1985. The plane followed the Tokyo-Osaka route, and after 12 minutes of flight time in the cockpit, a signal about the vessel's technical malfunctions. It turned out that Kiel broke away from the device, and half an hour commander with the second pilot tried to stabilize the position of the aircraft. However, the miracle did not happen. "Boeing 747" ran into a mountain range. On board was 520 people, but, according to the well-known information, 4 of them managed to somehow stay alive.

An example of a serious collision in airspace has become a plane crash over the Indian Peninsula. 60 km from the capital - Delhi, the wreckage of Boeing-741 fell and the Russian "ILA-76", which flew under the flag of Kazakhstan. The reason was an unauthorized decline of Sun "IL-76" from 15 to 14 feet, as a result of which he broke through the stabilizer and the left wing of Boeing. The latter accidentally collapsed and fell, and after him, lost control "IL" collapsed. Killed 349 people.

A catastrophe of 1974 is counted for the largest accident in France. Then following the route Istanbul - Paris - London Turkish plane Turkish Airlines. Wrecked immediately after takeoff due to the decompression of the entire cabin. According to clarified circumstances, the sharp decline in the cabin height happened due to the poorly fixed door of the cargo hatch, which, when reaching the proceedible load, and in the absence of an inflating of the inner space opened, damaging the control system of the aircraft. 72 seconds needed that the aircraft collapsed together with 346 passengers in Ermenonville. There were no survivors.

The airplane "Saudi Airlines" L-1011 suffered a catastrophe, being already on Earth. While moving along the airway from Er-Riyadh in Jeddah on board, in the cargo compartment, a fire began. The crew successfully unfolded the board and landed at the point of departure. However, for some reason, the engines did not stop and continued to move along the runway. Ultimately, he stopped at a very distant distance from firemen, which did not dare to drive up closer. As many as 23 minutes, it took fire to capture the entire perimeter of the aircraft, and in the end, all 301 people burned alive or died from choking.

Another terrible catastrophe occurred in the summer period of 1988. A wide-body A-300 was shot down over the territory of Iran, following the route Tehran - Dubai. The Military Cruiser of Americans, who stood in the Bay, was simply mistaken, incorrectly identifying the board. The land-air rocket claimed the life of 290 people, and the American government did not bring any apologies about his tragic mist. However, the Americans paid families compensation in the amount of $ 62 million, and without recognizing their guilt. Paradox.

Since America was touched, then in the history of the United States, the largest catastrophe was the incident that occurred in 1979. Because of the poor maintenance of the liner after takeoff, one of the engines had a failure of one of the engines, which as a result was completely broken from the wing pylon. The flight, following Chicago to Los Angeles, ended with a drop next to WFP and the death of 273 people.

One of the most mysterious catastrophes is the wreck of the Malaysian Boeing 777 near Donetsk, who has committed a flight Amsterdam - Kuala Lumpur. The results of the investigation only expect a publication, but, according to known information, the aircraft was shot down. More than 300 people died.

One of the largest catastrophes associated with terrorist actions was wreking A-321 over the Sinai Peninsula, where massively died russian touristsReturned from the rest on the route Sharm El Sheikh - St. Petersburg. After takeoff, after 23 minutes, the plane disappeared from the radar dispatchers, and later the wreckage was found near the city of Nekhel. Parts of the aircraft were scattered from each other at a decent distance. According to clarified data, a bomb was put in the form of a jar from a carbonated drink, which exploded after a set of height. The catastrophe took 224 life, for the death of which was responsible for the prohibited grouping of the Islamic state of Iraq and Levant.

The ridiculous and largest catastrophe is considered to be a collision of two sides at the Tenerife airport of 1977. Why nonsense? All due to the fact that both boards "Boeing 747" should not be at the time in Tenerife. However, the dispatchers were redirected them due to the terrorist attack in Grand Canaria. Two "Boeing" - Dutch and American airline - moved on one and the same handling face to each other. The collisions could not be avoided, since the deficiency of dispatchers noticed very late. Died 583 people, survived 60.

Society, 20 Mar, 03:54

The number of victims of the aircraft crash in Russia increased in two and a half times ... are due human factor. In 2018, 42 occurred in Russia aviation service, including 22 catastrophes, 128 people died, follows from the report published ... avia FacilitiesIn which 51 people died, the document says, attention to which the Kommersant newspaper spoke. Russia leads the number of victims and avia Facilities ...

Society, 20 Feb, 16:47

In Vnukovo, a private plane "Crubby" who came to land Boeing Terrestrial airport services managed to prevent the collision of two aircraft after the bombardier haughtily exceeded the specified height. At this time, the Liner Utair came to land. During the take-off at Vnukovo airport, the Bombardier Challenger 600 plane did not execute the team of the dispatcher and continued a set of height, exceeding the rescued echelon in 2 thousand m. In this ... Unsuccessful in the Congo plane with military managed Russians Congo occurred the second for the week an aircidate with the participation of Russian pilots. The plane transported the group of the Congolese military and committed an unsuccessful landing. Diplomats argue that Russians come to work in the country unofficially. By transport aircraft, unsuccessful on December 24 in the city of Beno in Congo (DRC), managed Russian citizens. Reports about it ... In Indonesia, they told about the circumstances of the wreck of Lion Air liner Experts eliminated the likelihood of an explosion on board the Lion AIR Indonesian airline liner. Based on the data of the recorders and the location of the debris on the surface of the water, the conclusion was concluded that he was crashed into the sea at high speed. The Indonesian airline Lion AIR aircraft collapsed when the water is touched at high speed. This was stated by the head of the committee ... In Krasnoyarsk, after planting an aircraft with a crack on the glass began checking The Investigation Committee began checking after an emergency landing in Krasnoyarsk aircraft Boeing-737 Nordstar airline with a crack in the windshield. This is reported on the website of the West Siberian Investigation Department in Transport SC. Nordstar flight flew from Novosibirsk to chinese city Sanya, which is located on the island of Hainan. On the plane were ... In Britain, the helicopter of the owner of the Football Club "Leicester City" crashed ... According to him, a fire started, which then covered the entire helicopter. Airfather Near the King Power Stadium, confirmed in the local police. "The incident occurred ... In Odessa, began checking after smoking the aircraft during the take-off In Odessa, the police began checking after while takeoff from international Airport The passenger aircraft of the Boeing flight Odessa - Dubai has grown. This is reported on the website of the Office of the National Police of the Odessa region. As noted in the message, as a result of the occurrence, no one has suffered. Aircraft passengers were evacuated, and the departure was postponed ... Airplane from Turkey sat in Ufa with a faulty chassis system Airbus A321 Airline Airbus Airlines Antalya - Ufa launched safely with a faulty hydraulic chassis system. This is reported on the website of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Bashkiria. As noted, landing passed in normal mode. As a result, no one was injured. The representative of the Ufa Airport Tatiana Rizvan reported RIA Novosti, which is ... In Moscow, bodybuilder champion took off from the flight after the threat of blowing the plane Russian Champion of Bodybuilding Pavel Geza was removed from the flight to Sheremetyevo airport, after he threatened to blow up the plane. This was reported by a source in law enforcement agencies RIA Novosti and Ren TV. According to RBC in the press service of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Central Federal District, the incident occurred on the flight Moscow - Perm. The department was told that ...

Society, Sep 25, 2018, 17:36

In Novosibirsk, they detained threatening to blow the passenger plane The passenger is threatened to blow up the plane detained in Novosibirsk, RBC was told in the press service of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Siberian Federal District. "The passenger demanded it from economic to business class. He was denied, after which he stated that the plane would not fly further. The crew was decided to return the side back to the building ...

Society, 04 Sep 2018, 07:17

The aircraft landed urgently in Yakutsk because of chassis problems Airline airlines "Yakutia" committed forced landing At the airport Yakutsk because of chassis problems. This was reported in the press service of the airline, Interfax reports. As noted in the message, the Bombardier Dash Airplane 8-Q300 followed the Yakutsk - Chile flight. When the board gained a height, he did not work the alarm for cleaning the chassis sash. IN... IN South America Eight aircraft accidentally sat down due to the threat of an explosion In Chile, Peru and Argentina, eight aircraft rapidly landed due to messages about the bomb on board. We are talking about Latam Airlines and Sky Airline airlines. In Chile, Peru and Argentina, eight aircraft were urgently landed due to the threats of an explosion on board. Police investigates these incidents, reports the Chilean Radio Biobio. Also information about the threat ... In Canada, with the crash of the aircraft of the 1930s, five people were injured In Canada, in the 1930 aircraft crash during ABBY Airshow Airshow, five people were injured at Abbotsford Airport. This is reported in Twitter air harbor. Reported on the show website, we are talking about a passenger plane de Havilland Dragon Rapide. The plane crashed shortly after the end of the event. All five victims were on ... Mac began investigating the utair helicopter crash in the Krasnoyarsk Territory Interstate Aviation Committee (MAC) began investigating the wreck of the Mi-8 helicopter, the Utair airline, which crashed in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. This is reported on the MAC website. As noted in the report, the Committee in accordance with Russian legislation has formed a commission to investigate this aircraft crash. In social networks there have been a video from the place ... Passenger crashed aircraft Aeromexico sued the airline Aeromexico passenger who crashed in Durango, filed a lawsuit against the air carrier on charges of negligence. This is stated in the court documents in Chicago, the Noticias MVS radio station transmits. The plaintiff, the 43-year-old American of Mexican origin Nestor Martinez, believes that the airline made a negligence, allowing the takeoff ... In the flying flew in St. Petersburg AIR MOLDOVA, who piloted Chisinau - St. Petersburg, got a lightning during the flight. This is reported on the page on Facebook Moldavian carrier. As noted in the message, the incident occurred 10 minutes after the take-off. After the lightning strike, the crew board did not find damage to the aircraft, but decided to return to ... In Lithuania, a woman has suffered in Lithuania when crashing the Yak-52 In Lithuania, a woman suffered in Lithuania as a result of the crash of the Yak-52 aircraft. This was reported in the department of fire protection and salvation of the Kaunas County, Delfi reports. As noted in the message, the plane fell at the Aleksotas airfield. According to preliminary data, a man and a woman were on board at the moment of the crash. Empire employees who arrived at the place ... SC talked about the survivors of the Mi-2 helicopter in Ugra ... "The helicopter fell in a swampy terrain in the cemetery area. As a result aviation service Pilot died. In addition to him, on the available information, on board is ... In Novosibirsk, the aircraft flying from Moscow emerge In Novosibirsk, a forced landing plane Boeing 737-800 Airline Aeroflot flight Moscow - Tomsk. This was announced by the official representative of the West Siberian Transport Prosecutor's Office Oksana Gorbunov, RIA Novosti reports. According to her, the board committed an emergency landing for technical reasons. As it, she did not specify. In the moment... Air India Airplane Extraly sat down due to leakage in the hydraulic system In the Indian city of Mumbai, AIR India has made an emergency landing due to leakage in the hydraulic system. This was announced by the representative of the air carrier, reports the FINANCIAL EXPRESS newspaper. According to him, the aircraft flew from the city of Ahmadabad and headed to Muscat. At the time of the incident, there were 176 passengers on his board. During emergency landing ... In Ireland, the plane made an emergency landing due to the notes of the bomb In Ireland, the airline of the American airline United Airlines, following Rome in Chicago, was urgently sat at Shannon Airport because of the bomb message. Reports about it Reuters with reference to its source close to the investigation and the IRISH Sun newspaper. As Reuters told in the Irish police, the message was found on board the aircraft. Irish Sun newspaper ... In Bulgaria, as a result of the wreck of a military helicopter killed two people In Bulgaria, as a result of the wreck of a military helicopter, two people were killed, two were injured. This was reported in emergency services, reports BGNN. As noted in the message, the incident occurred near Plovdiv Civil Airport. What exactly happened, it is not reported. BTV TV channel reports that the wreck has suffered the Mi-17 helicopter. It... Okinawa authorities encouraged to stop the flight of US Air Force aircraft over the island In Japan, the authorities of Okinawa prefecture called on to stop the flights of American military aircraft over the island, after the US Air Force fighter suffered a wreck on Monday, June 11. Reports about it Mainichi. The Ministry of Defense of Japan appealed to the American Caden Air Base, which flew out wrecked Fighter to her guide ... In the USA, in the crash of a light car aircraft killed four people In the US in Wisconsin, four people from the same family were killed in Wisconsin as a result of the crash. This was reported in the police, the Associated Press reports. As noted in the message, the incident occurred about 1.6 km from Mondro Municipal Airport. Cessna 182T plane fell and reached several trees. Agency with reference to the local ... In Poland, the light car plane made an emergency landing on the track .... The aircraft in Poland arrived in the scene of the Investigation Commission avia Facilities. Without her permission, the aircraft can not be removed from the track, notes RMF ... In the US, four people died as a result of an accident with 10 cars In the American state of Louisiana, four people were killed with the participation of passenger cars and trailers, 13 were injured. This was reported in the local police, the ABC reports. The Louisin State Facebook was told that 10 cars were faced. As noted in the message, the trailer, who was driving avocado, could not be able to ... In Cuba among those killed in the crash of Boeing 737 there were 20 priests Among those killed as a result wheels Boeing. 737 Global Air Mexico airlines in Cuba were 20 priests of the Evangelical Church. This was reported in the Cuban Council of Churches, reports Associated Press. According to the Council, they were all from the Church of Nazaryan, which was in the east of Cuba. A group of priests participated in a meeting in Havana, and ... The aircraft from Ulan-Ude landed due to the smoking passenger Airplane flight Ulan-Ude - Moscow urgently landed at Koltsovo airport in Yekaterinburg because of the smoking in the passenger toilet. This is reported on the website of the Office of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Ural Federal District. As noted in the message, during the flight on board the aircraft, fire alarm sensors were worked. After that, the crew requested ... In Austria, two people became victims of the wreck of the Motoplain In Austria, two people died as a result of the crash of the Motoplaner. This is reported by the local edition of Kronen Zeitung. As noted in the message, the plane fell not far from the airport in Innsbruck to federal Earth Tyrol. Both dead were Swiss and aircraft passengers. Police said that the plane landed at Innsbruck Airport for ... Southwest Airline Airline Essentially landed in Philadelphia The airline of the American airline Southwest Airlines flight 1380, followed from New York to Dallas, made an emergency landing in Philadelphia because of the engine problems. This is reported by CNN with reference to the passenger. According to him, the plane "lost the left engine" and dismissed from the course, heading to Philadelphia. CNN interlocutors told that one ... In the Investigation Committee, among the versions of the wrapping of a light engine aircraft in Lipetsk region called the piloting error and technical malfunction. This is reported in the Telegram Channel SC. As reported in the investigation of the circumstances of the crash, specialists of the Interstate Aviation Committee (MACs) take part. In the Lipetsk region ... In the Lipetsk region crashed light-engine aircraft Two people died in the fall of a light engine aircraft in the Lipetsk region. The RBC reported this to the Senior Operational Duty Guideline of the Ministry of Emergency Situations in the region. "Yes, [crashed] a light-engine aircraft, two people died. All other information is specified, "they told in emergency services. Upon the fact of what happened SK began a pre-investigation check, reported on the site ... In Omsk, the aircraft flew into Moscow was damaged by ambulifet At the airport of Omsk, the flight to Moscow was detained due to damage to the aircraft ambulifet, which raised the passenger with disabilities. This is reported on the website of the West Siberian Transport Prosecutor's Office. We are talking about Airbus A321 aircraft. At the time of the incident, there were 136 passengers on his board. The plane was supposed to fly to Domodedovo in ... In the US, two people became victims of the crash of a homemade aircraft As a result of the wreck of a homemade double aircraft in the US state of South California, two people died. This was reported in law enforcement agencies, reports the Associated Press. As noted in the message, the incident occurred near the city of Santa Paul. The plane fell in less than 1 km from the airport of this settlement. There was clear and sunny ... The aircraft in the US had to land forced because of the dog on board The American airline United Airlines has forced to land after the dog was discovered on board. This is reported by ABC TV channel. The incident occurred on Newark - St. Louis. "The dog was safely delivered to the owners to the state of Ohio ... All flight passengers will receive compensation," it is reported. According to the TV channel ...

Society, 15 Mar 2018, 10:54

In Yakutia from the plane fell a cargo of gold When departing from Yakutsk Airport, An-12 threw the hatch sash. On board were the ingots of the gold concentrate with a total mass of 9 tons, some of them crumbled. In Yakutsk U. freight aircraft An-12 When taken over with an air flow, the left sash of the cargo hatch disbelled. This is reported on the website of JSC "Yakutsk Airport". According to Sakhaday, the aircraft transported gold bars. ...