Brandenburg where. Federal Earth Brandenburg

Regardless of whether you are traveling along a well-known and safe European country, or go on a trip to exotic places, you need to remember about a number of universal rules.

Take care before the trip about good tourist insurance. Look for detail at the insurance agent, which risks covers insurance whether the loss of baggage will be compensated, and is it possible to get dental care on the insurance policy. The employee of the insurance company can immediately and not tell me about all the nuances, but the questions are obliged to answer honestly and in detail. Do not skimp on insurance. Believe me, this is not the case when you can save.

Think about storing money on a journey. If you have a plastic deposit - wonderful. It is better to have several cards from different banks. Not rare cases when the card suddenly is blocked if you have removed a large amount, or the ATM will decide not to give back to your "golden Gold Visa". Have a pair of spare options for this case. Be sure to take a cash with you so that you can be able to pay with, water in the nearest kiosk until you found the necessary ATM.

Make copies of passports and tickets. Put them separately from documents. It will be nice to send copies of documents in electronic form to mail. Even if you have absolutely everything in an alien country, the local police will help, and passports to recover with existing copies are much faster and easier.

Spend a little time and find out at least the basic rules and customs of those countries where you are going. For example, in many Asian countries, scream and raise the voice - it means to lose face. If you are unhappy and scribbled to the service personnel in a cafe or hotel, then, most likely, your requirements will be completed. But respect you will stop once and for all. And refer in the future will be accordingly. In many Muslim countries, women should not be found in mini-skirts, and men very closely look at the figure in Hijab. In India, it is not worth a hurry and fuss, otherwise you will find you for a frivolous, empty person.

If you fly by plane, in addition to documents and books, take in manual jack A set of spare linen, medicines that you regularly need, glasses and valuable things. Even the most famous and prestigious airline It can not boast that she never lost the passenger's luggage. Usually luggage sooner or later is, well, so far linen, glasses and pills from headaches will be quite by the way.

Do not try on the first day on arrival in a new place to try all the dishes of exotic cuisine at once. Get used to K. local cuisine Gradually, do not rape the body. And do not drink too many alcoholic beverages at least the first 2-3 days.

On the plane, drink more water. The body in flight spends a lot of fluid. On average, every hour you need to drink no less than a glass of water.

Observe elementary safety rules. Do not wear on vacation all the best immediately. Leave houses Golden chains, rings, bracelets, design pants and breathtaking bags. Do not give an extra reason to thieves and fraudsters. Decide that you are more important - the world to see or show yourself? Do not let me in the room, bungalow, house, compartment of unfamiliar people. If you have fun with these people yesterday at one table in a cafe, they should not move from the discharge of unfamiliar in the category "Friends forever."

And the main rule in the journey, about which for some reason even the most advanced tourists forget - enjoy. Learn how to enjoy the whole new and unusual, from what you see, hear, try, feel the first time. Appreciate every moment, treat any transport delays, changes in the plans are easy and calm, as a fun adventure.

In ancient times, Slavic tribes lived on the territory of Brandenburg, one of which is most famous - this is a forty, whose tradition and culture have been preserved to the present day. Brandenburg is one of the centers of the formation of German statehood. Already in 1157, Albrecht Bear began to call himself "Marc Graph Brandenburg". In 1640, Friedrich-Wilhelm The Great from the Gaenzollern dynasty became the ruler of the largest meal of Germany. Brandenburg remained until that time a small and underdeveloped area to raise the farm, Friedrich Wilhelm invited immigrants from Holland, the Czech Republic and France, most of which were Protestants. According to the Potsdam Edicut of 1685, they received freedom of religion. Prussia flourishing is associated with the name of Friedrich II, the residence of which was Potsdam. Potsdam played a big role in the completion of World War II.

Brandenburg is an important agricultural and forestry region of Germany. Forests occupy 35% of land. Main agricultural crops - wheat, sugar beet, potatoes, vegetables and fruits. Main Industrial Centers - Essenhuettenstadt (Steel Industry), Cottbus (Cottbus) (Brown Coal Mining), Ludwigsfelde (Ludwigsfelde) (Mercedes-Benz Trucks), Frankfurt-on-Oder (Frankfurt An der Oder) ( instrument making).

In Brandenburg, cultural and natural tourism is developed. A large number of historical and architectural monuments Focused in Potsdam. The palaces and estates of Brandenburg are the greatest interest, which are here more than 350. In Branitz (Branitz), you can visit the Museum of Prince Puzler - Muskau (Muskau). Numerous tourists attract forest rivers, canals and lakes Brandenburg - perfect place For lovers of water travel. There are many parks, reserves and reserves of the biosphere, including in the floodplain of Elba (Elbe), in Shrofheide (Schorfheide), Spreewald. On the channel Oder Havel (Havel) can be found interesting construction - The world's largest disorder, with which the vessels may rise to a height of 36 m.

Brandenburg (Brandenburg) - small citywho gave the name of the entire federal land. Population - 76, 2 thousand people (2003). Located on the highway Frankfurt-on-Oder - Berlin - Magdeburg. Large industrial center. Main landmark of the city - cathedral St. Peter and Paul (Dom St. Peter Und Paul), located at the Cathedral Island (Dominsel). The cathedral was built in the early 13th century as a lateral three-penette basilica, rebuilt in the second half of the 15th century in the Gothic style, was renovated in 1998. In Kripte, 1235 is a memorial set in memory of the priests executed by the fascists.

In the area of \u200b\u200bthe new city (Neuestadt), the Church of St. Catherine (Katharienenkirche) was preserved, built from the burned brick in the 14th - 15th centuries. The church is rightfully considered one of the best samples of Severogoerman Gothic, especially the face of the interior. Another monument of the 15th century is the Town Hall of the Old Town (AltStaedtisches Rathaus), in front of which the statue of Roland is located almost 6 m high (1474). The town hall of the new city (Neustaedtisches Rathaus) was built in the 15th century, rebuilt in 1720.

Frankfurt-on-Oder is located 70 km east of Berlin, on the border with Poland. Population - 77, 2 thousand people (2003). Usually, the Frankfurt-on-Oder drives tourists heading to Germany from Russia by train. The city suffered greatly during World War II, later was rebuilt. Among the preserved monuments should be noted the Church of Our Lady (Marienkirche), built in 1253 - 1524. In the style of gothic. This main church Frankfurt-on-Oder was destroyed in 1945, currently restored.

Around 1300, the Temple of the Franciscan Monastery was built - the Church of St. Nikolai (Nikolaikirche), after reconstruction in the 16th century, received Renaissance features. Currently, there is a concert hall with an old authority in the church. From the other attractions of the city's attention deserves the House of Writer Heinrich von Claysta (Kleist Gedenk und Forschungstaette), located in a baroque building of 1777 years.

Brandenburg (it. Brandenburg, N.-Luzh. Bramborska, V.-Luzh. Braniborska) - Earth FRG. The capital is the city of Potsdam.

origin of name

There are different theories about the origin of the word. According to the Slavic theory, the name of the city of Brandenburg, in honor of which this land is named, goes back to a common Slavic toponym Branibor or a brooral boron, that is, "defense (border) forest." According to another version, the name comes from the German word "Brenan" (cf. it. Brennen burn, burn) and means "the city that arose on the place of the scorched forest" (the fabrication of the forest in antiquity was produced by fire). According to the third version, the name of the city and land is associated with the monastery of St. Brandan, founded in local places in the VII-VIII centuries Irish missionaries.

Geography

Brandenburg is located in the east of the north-German lowland, the border in the west with Saxony-Anhalt, in the north with Mecklenburg-Front Pomerania, in the east with Poland, in the south with Saxony, and the heart of Braneburg is Berlin, however, which is not part of it and representing Separate federal land. 30% of the territory of the land is occupied by forests. On the territory of Brandenburg runs east End The middle-grand canal.

History

Currently, in some sources, it is argued that the German tribes, such as seeds and some others, left the territory of the modern land of Brandenburg during the great resettlement of peoples and the Slavic settlements appeared on the "liberated" lands. Although some researchers noted that many names of the German tribes in antiquity (according to antique sources) of the Earth corresponding to modern East Germany, including Brandenburg, are very similar to the names of the Slavic tribes living in the Middle Ages, which is done from The conclusion that the Slavs, allegedly, came to these lands "during the great resettlement of peoples," but, despite the fact that it is often repeated, in fact, not quite reasonable.

At the first stage of German Promotion to the East in the 929 year, the army of the king of the Eastern Frankings of Heinrich I Chiselov seized the territory of Gevela, with the center in modern Brandenburg-on-hafel, and laid the population of tribute. For the Christianization of the Slavs, the Hafelberg and Brandenburg Bishopod, who submitted to Magdeburg Archbishopia were founded. In a constantly growing intense atmosphere, the Slavic tribes united in the Lutich Union. During their raised by them in the year 983, the Slavs managed to win their lands. For more than a hundred years, the attempt of the Germans to conquer land to the east of Elba was reflected. But due to the conquest policies of the Sacred Roman Empire and Poland, the territory was constantly in a military situation.

In 1150, a childless prince Gevelaov Pribislav-Heinrich died. His lands inherited by Albrecht Bear. However, they were also claimed by Jacsa from Capantica, the prince of another Slavic tribe - Overschov. He managed to capture the Fortress of Brandenburg (Branibor) fortress in 1153) and possess it until 1157, when Albrecht finally won it in bloody battle. This day is considered the date of the founding of the Brandenburg brand, which has become strongly incended by the Germans and Flemis. Before the beginning of the XV century, the Germans and Vendies lived together, but in separate settlements. After the death of the latter from Askaniev in 1320, in power in Brandenburg there were weak rulers from Vittelsbach and then Luxembourgs, and the Brandenburg Brand suffered from robber knights.

In 1411, the Brandenburg lands were transferred to the Office of the House of Gogenzollers, in 1415 they were assigned by the title of Kurfürst. Gogenzollers managed to bring order in Brandenburg and restore the central government. Destroyed by the thirty-year war, the impoverished Brandenburg brand began to gradually recover after 1640 with the "great Kurfürst" Friedrich Wilhelme. This process was interrupted for some time due to the attack of the Swedes in 1674-1675. "Great Kurfürst" and General Georg von Derflinger won victory in battles in Rathenov, Napane, and especially in the battle in Ferbellin. The story of Brandenburg in 1701-1946 is inextricably linked with the history of the Prussian state. In Prussia, Brandenburg played a key role and was the largest Prussian province. In 1920, by law on Big Berlin Berlin was allocated from Brandenburg to a separate administrative education.

At the end of World War II, the territory of Brandenburg was occupied by Soviet troops. The territory east of the Oder-Neyce line has moved to Poland.

After 1945, Brandenburg province was formed in the Soviet zone of the occupation of Germany. In the fall of 1946, Landtag Brandenburg was gathered on his first meeting. After the liquidation of Prussia in July 1947, Brandenburg was transformed into federal land and held the territory of 27,612 square meters. km. In 1949, the land authorities have lost their functions with the formation of the German Democratic Republic. During the administrative reform of 1952, the federal land of Brandenburg was divided into three districts: Cottbus, Frankfurt-on-Oder and Potsdam. On October 3, 1990, the federal land of Brandenburg was restored. On October 26, 1990, Landtag was gathered by the new federal land.

Politics

Legislative body - Landtag Brandenburg (Landtag Brandenburg), elected by the population, executive body - the Brandenburg Land Government (Brandenburgische Landesregierung), elected by Landtag, consisting of Prime Minister Brandes Brandenburg (Minister of Ministers of the Earth Brandenburg, constitutional supervisory authority Verfassungsgericht Des Landes Brandenburg (Verfassungsgericht Des Landes Brandenburg), the Higher Judicial Instant - Brandenburgisches Oberlandesgericht, the Higher Judicial Instant of the Administrative Justice - the Supreme Land of Berlin and Brandenburg (Oberverwaltungsgericht Berlin-Brandenburg).

Since 2002, the Prime Minister of Earth Brandenburg was Mattias Platciek (SDPG), which in 2004 was re-elected for a new term. On January 20, 2008, the regional leader of ULRIH Junghans left the head of the head of the HDS after unsuccessful communal elections for the party, held in September. After his care, the party was headed by his former deputy Johanna Vanka.

As a result of elections to Landtag on September 27, 2009, the SDPG received 33 percent of the votes of the voters, the left batch - 27.2 percent, XDS - 19.8 percent and CVDP - 7.2 percent. In connection with the new layout of political forces in Brandenburg, the management of the SDPG decided to create a coalition with the participation of the left party. In 2013, Platciek resigned by illness, his successor was the Ditmar vague.

Religion

Most believers - Lutherans. The largest Lutheran denomination is the Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Studies (Evangelische Kirche Berlin-Brandenburg-Schlesische Oberlausitz).

Agriculture

Brandenburg is rich in forest landscapes, lakes, swamp plots and pine groves. Scooty, the sandy land of Brandenburg is intended mainly for planting potatoes and rye. On the fertile land of Ukkermarket and Oderbrukhs, wheat, sugar bumps and even tobacco are grown. Around Berlin and in the forest Shprevald also spread the cultivation of fruits and animal husbandry.

The science

Universities are in Kotbus, Frankfurt-on-Oder and Potsdam.

In this article you will learn:

Brandenburg Land in Germany. It is the federal land located in the east of the country around Berlin. Its most of it takes the western part of the Oder River. Currently, its capital is considered Potsdam.

History of origin

Before the seventh century, the territory of Brandenburg occupied German settlements. Somewhat later she was settled by Slavic tribes (Gevella), which accounted for farmers, hunters and fishermen. But at the beginning of the tenth century, the Germans forced them to pay the tribute, which was not for them. The uprisings began, which were never crowned with success, and in 1157 the Marcgrant of Brandenburg was created. Albrecht Bear is the first Marcgraf whose board was marked by the rapid development of the territory. At this time, the construction of new cities began, agriculture flourished, was the formation of new crafts.

Since 1356, Brandenburg has become a swirl and opportunities with broader rights. Since 1415, they began to rule the gogyenzollerns dynasty, which strengthened and elevating it. From the sixteenth century, Prussia was joined to Brandenburg, and Berlin was proclaimed the capital. At this point, the time of numerous wars came, which caused a huge damage, from 1618 to 1648 the population declined more than ninety percent. Further rule of Friedrich Wilhelm made it possible to start the revival of the Earth. The French guemers, Dutch and Swiss moved here, which contributed to the restoration of the economy and the development of trade relations. Subsequent rulers continued this undertaking and by 1786 Prussia, part of which at that time was Brandenburg, acquired great political power in Europe. To the nineteenth century, it becomes the center of all Germany, which contributed to the active development of Berlin.

During World War II, the territory of modern Brandenburg suffered greatly. In addition, the Potsdam Agreement of 1945 deprived him of almost one third of the area, which was given to Poland. The remaining land has moved away the German Democratic Republic, then was divided into three districts. Only after forty-five years, the connection of Potsdam, Cottbus and Frankfurt occurred. October 3, 1990 is the date of the appearance of New Brandenburg.

Coat of arms of the earth Brandenburg

Landscape

The greatest interest for guests who came to Brandenburg Earth presents her nature, most which managed to maintain in primeval form. On its territory there are eleven reserves and three reserves (guarded natural zone), one of the national parks is also located here.

Brandenburg is located in flat locality, the third part of which is occupied very well-keeled pine forests With frequent birch landings and purest air. Here you can see wild animals, as well as a huge number of mushrooms, because the Germans are not assembled.

Another value of the Earth is a huge amount of crystal clear rivers, magnificent lakes and reservoirs. Local residents and guests of Brandenburg daily make many exciting excursions on the most different types water transport (yachts, boats, kayaks and water bikes). Spreyevald enjoys particularly popular with tourists, which is a protected area near Berlin. In it beautiful place Every year more than two million guests arrive.

Spreyevald.

Cities

To the most famous cities Earth can be attributed:

• Potsdam, which is its capital. Here you can visit the park San Susti with a huge botanical garden and a number of historical objects. Interesting will be a visit to the Orangehouse Palace or Roman Baths. The monuments of architecture of ancient architecture include the National and Brandenburg Gate, adorning entry into the city from the North and East. Also, you must also make a walk on the Glyniki bridge;
• Frankfurt-on-Oder is a small town that has been strongly affected during World War II and practically built again. Nevertheless, several famous architectural monuments are preserved here, which are represented by the East University, the Church of St. Mary, the Church of St. Nicholas and a three-dimensional house;
• Eberswalde is known for near interesting bronze sculptures and unusual museums;
• Cottbus refers to the largest cities of Brandenburg and has a huge number of attractions. These include city squares, Gothic churches (for example, Veternankirche), palaces, theaters, museums. Beautiful and one of the most famous seats The city is a parking zone, which was designed by Prince Pücler-Muskau. She is decorated with a magnificent lake, on which the island is located with a pyramid, similar to Egyptian. It is the place of grave prince;
• Leipzig is the main musical city of Brandenburg with an excellent opera and the most interesting museums covering the work of the greatest composers.

Cottbus city

Popular holiday destinations

In addition to contemplating the natural magnificence of Brandenburg and catching elegant fish, the attention of tourists attracted objects that are historical and cultural value. They are represented by old palaces and manners, which were designed by architects of Prussia, ancient churches and town halls decorated with intricate towers. The largest number of them are in and Kotbus.

City Potsdam

Interesting will be visited by local parks, for example, the Babelsberg film, which is considered the local Goliwood or Tropical Biosphere Park.

In a film of Babelsberg

A lot of pleasure will deliver a porcelain exhibition located in the Chinese tea house of the eighteenth century in Potsdam. Dresden is famous for the most beautiful dairy shop in light, a magnificent zoo and a huge number of historical values.

On the territory of Brandenburg hosts the most various musical festivals and cultural events that collect many tourists. Reinsberg and San Susti are leaders on their conduct.

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