Vorontsov Palace in Alupka. Medieval castle in Crimea: Vorontsov Palace - everything you need to learn before visiting

With the Vorontsov Palace, I have the most wonderful memories. I was still a schoolgirl when, together with my parents came to Alupka for the first time. Mom offered to go on an excursion, and for some reason "Palace", for some reason I imagined something fabulous, like the Palace of Tsar Saltan - a snow-white building with blue dips, a temple and a terrea at the same time. But what I saw passed all the boundaries of the most beautiful fantasies: the palace and the fortress, sophistication and rigor, pomp and restraint.

Then I had no idea what English style was and what the guide says, but the essence of the story became clear due to the fact that the eyes arose before his eyes. I realized that the Russian Aristocrat, who lived in England for a long time - the very graph of Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov - wanted to decorate the semi-sided terrain of an amazing structure. It should have repeated the outlines of Ai-Petri - Mountains, which is located. Or maybe he himself thought before, and Architect Edward Blor, but the result was an architectural masterpiece. I have a feeling that the palace exists as much as the Crimean Earth itself, even though it is not.

What to see on the territory of the Palace

The second time I arrived in Alupka with my husband when I was waiting for my daughter. Vorontsov Palace and Park became something like a happy mascot. But if at the time of my childhood, the queue at the box office of the palace was huge, then in the summer we got inside pretty quickly: apparently, at the beginning of the 21st century, interest in the beautiful in Ukraine was divered. Yes, because then together with the Crimea was in captivity of insaneness. And yet the Crimea remained the Crimea: hospitable, flowery, generous. My husband and I came to Alupka on a rather convenient bus and immediately went to visit Mikhail Semenovich. But, in truth, he almost never visited his Alupkin Palace!

The construction of the palace began in 1828.

Table housing

The first was the table housing. I do not remember why, but I will assume that the intelligent graphic family preferred to eat in a decent setting. It is now we fly into the snack bars and under the sounds of Pops swallow hamburgers, and then not devoid of cultures of the family gathered in the canteens, where they slowly spent time for a pleasant meal accompanied by overflows classical music. This is how the front desk Vorontsov Palace looks like.

Wooden balcony at the top is designed for musicians. Agree, in such an environment it is impossible to increase the voice, start gesticulating, neglect the instruments and just rush somewhere. The dishes were preparing at the Palace Cuisine: the chefs passed them here servants who used the underground gallery. But it was already when the palace was completely built. It took all twenty years!

Features of the architecture of the southern facade

Architect Edward Bhor in Alupka has never been - incredible, but the fact. He was aware of the terrain, and therefore so exactly and masterfully created the project of the palace. It was connected in it and the classic English (as I said) style, and the eastern, in which the southern facade is built. As a familiar guide explained to me, it was a beautiful gesture, Reverance Vorontsov: He wanted to give a tribute to the culture of Muslims, founded Alupka and lived in it.

So the southern facade you are unlikely to ever see: these steps are always full of tourists with cameras. Even in November there are many guests. The lions decorating the ladder leading to the sea were installed in 1848, twenty years after the start of the construction of the palace. Created their Italian sculptor Jovani Bonnani. The lion's terrace completed the construction of the palace, but for twenty years it was already experienced and created a lot!

Press these stones, teeth, turrets - all this was created by the hands of Russian serfs from the Moscow and Vladimir provinces. The hereditary Kamenotes built the palace from the local stone of diabase (frozen magma, as I read). At their disposal were only the most primitive tools. The names of these masters remained unknown, but the Vorontsov Palace forever retained the heat of their hands.

Interior

Friends were engaged in more subtle work. For example, parquet. He admires the work of art.

This room, the blue living room, caused me indescribable delight. She is not the first room in the palace (in his story I violate the order of the excursion), but certainly the most exquisite. Pay attention to white flowers on a blue background. I heard that none of them repeats the other! It seems that art historians became interested in this issue. Repeats did not find: leaves, stalks, petals, bends - different! And these are the same Russian serfs.

Well, if in order, then one of the first rooms in which guests are visiting - the main office. The impression spoils the fan somewhat, but in the summer without it, apparently, in no way.

Portraits

The owner of the palace, Count Vorontsov, honored the heroes of the Patriotic War of 1812: A lot of portraits can be seen on the walls.

But portrait of Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, an equally famous contemporary of Count Vorontsov, there is no and can not be in this luxury house. Do you know why? He served as the poet under the superiors of Mikhail Semenovich in Odessa, and the responsible Governor General could not understand the sludge of his young subordinate. The sun of Russian poetry then few people considered him, but the hanging was excellent. There is a version that Alexander Sergeyevich twisted the romance with his wife of his chef, Elizabeth Xaverievna, and the husband of the rhodes devoted to the famous epigram "Semi-Milord, Semi-merchant ..." in general, Vorontsov was for nothing to love Pushkin, but he looked at These poles through the fingers, so in Siberia, the poem was not: only in the so-called "northern link" in his family estate Mikhailovsky. Did the beautiful mistress of the Vorontsov Palace for him? Who knows, but as well as Elizabeth Xherevna was a miracle as good, there is no doubt.

In his palace, Mikhail Semenovich could not not pay tribute to Catherine II and Gregory Potemkin: without them, even then Russian people would not say that the Crimea is our. In the rooms-halls there are their portraits, and in the winter garden - the marble bust of Catherine II work of Johann Esterreic.

Winter Garden

Winter Garden of the Vorontsov Palace (sorry, I again jump from one to another!) Just as beautiful as everything is in this magnificent building. Is it possible to feel bad if there is always warm and sunny nearby?

In my opinion, in the Vorontsov Palace, the best thing is that there is in the world. Both classical england, and bright, and the best Russian motifs, and the Crimea himself. And even if the Winter hoses behind the walls,

then in this corner of the palace does not end the summer.

Library

By walking everything that was allowed to bypass the tour, and more than once, I did not find any detail of the interior to the palace, which would disappoint me. Take a look, for example, on this chandelier and the ceiling above it. Firestarter!

And what a library is collected here! If they were allowed to live and read, then no Internet would be needed, I would not have had to miss.

A bit of history

By the way, after the heirs of Count Mikhail Semenovich lived in this unmatched tribal estate, there were indeed guests who were lucky to feel in these interiors, like at home: during the Yalta Conference of 1945, the Vorontsov Palace was nationalized by the Soviet authority, became a hotel for the English delegation in Chapter Winston Churchill. So, probably, the then did the economic courtyard looked:

The British guests got a winter landscape, and in my third arrival already with a large daughter - sunny autumn.

This walkway leads to the park of the Vorontsov Palace. He is rightly considered a masterpiece of garden-park art. But that is another story.

How to get to Vorontsov Palace

Such a question You are unlikely to ask if you arrived on a tour of the bus: you will be brought directly to the courtyard of the palace, and your main task is to follow the guide and not to get lost. But if you are a single tourist or arrived in Alupka with the company by yourself, then the map will help you.

As you can see, the hiking path from the bus will take you no more than 15 minutes. And about what to see in the Vorontsov Palace, what are the excursions, what time to visit the most convenient, you will learn on the official website of the museum.

Work and cost

The Museum's main ticket office works from 9.00 to 16.15, on Saturdays from 9.00 to 19.15, without days off. Casation exhibitions works from 9.00 to 16.15. On the cost of entrance tickets, in all the variety, you can find out.

The resort peninsula is famous not only natural wealthThe beautiful estate of the imperial elite is located across the entire coastline. On the southern coast of the Crimea, he drowns in the greenery of forever green trees is not just a palace, but the most real medieval castle.

The building is elevated from the stone of a volcanic rock, the color of which is green-gray, it is called "diabases". Construction can be called unique and unprecedented, because the workers with the help of the most primitive labor instruments were carved from the fastest breed of a real masterpiece of architecture. This masterpiece is the Vorontsov Palace. Alupka for the implementation of the plan was chosen by Count Vorontsov not by chance. She was in possession of the whole three generations of one dynasty.

The palace glorified Alupka. The town is so small that it would simply be noticeable among other urban-type villages, which accommodate Big Yalta. And the grand estate makes locality welcome and recognizable in the tourist plan.

The architect managed to build a composition that organically fit into the landscape of the mountains and the rusty of the subtropical greenery of the southern coast. With his spiers, the palace, as if repeats the forms of the most beautiful mountain Crimea - Ai-Petri. The end of the Grand Construction Dropped by 1848.

Being in Alupka, be sure to visit the Palace of the same name. All the museum exposures are permeated with the sophisticated taste and luxury of those times. The castle stands, as if indevertinary bastion, strong, reliable, high with narrow windows "Boyheads".

You can put forward a bold statement, suggesting that Vorontsov's ensemble has occurred a tremendous effect on the romantic architecture in the subsequent century. Neighboring Yalta began to quickly replenish all sorts of palaces, which still surprise travelers.

Nationalization and occupation

After the bloody revolution, already in 1920, all the "extracts of the empire" were nationalized. Now the generic estate has become the property of folk. So it continued not long. During the fighting, the German occupiers inflicted almost irreparable damage to the museum complex, bringing invaluable art objects from the peninsula. And in those days, it was all starting from cutlery, ending with paintings and furniture objects.

What happiness, that the fascists did not have time to compose from the ground Palace, and after all, there was a place to be. Apparently, the estate is guarded by a happy star of Vorontsov, and to this day museum complex flourishes. A large number of researchers, keepers and restorers lead painstaking work, at the moment, the time that froze in the exhibition halls, the exhibits are kept in perfect condition.

And in the museum "funds" hidden from the curious eyes of the tourist crowd, there is a globe Mikhail Semenovich. This globe is not simple, on it Alaska - Russian!

Amazing rooms

There is a kind of azure room in the palace, it is called a "blue living room". The room is simply unprecedented beauty, it seems that such premises simply can not be on the ground. On the walls of heavenly color manually mowed snow-white flowers. It is noteworthy that no pattern on all sufficiently bulky cabinage rooms are repeated. Harmoniously complements the alliance of a snow-white piano and a luxurious white headset with gilded inserts.

Video: Palace from a bird's eye view

The count was a Chinese style office, a very entertaining object on the excursion. So immediately you will not understand, whether the owner of the masters from China discharged or this, our craftsmen worked in the style of the rising sun.

Yes, there is still a lot of interesting things in the palace: "Sitzen room", wonderful paintings, fireplaces and luxury, a lot of luxury. And how many films were filmed in the local royal rest!

And in the room of a large dining room, the ceilings made of wood, there is still an extraordinary smell of wood, for sure, so smelled and in those days when the famous owners still lived in their palace.

Magnificent sculptures

Sculptures performed by the Italian master D. Bonanni and his apprentices from Carrarsky marble, can be called hardly a miracle of the world. The approach to the palace from the sea is defended by the kings of animals - huge snow-white lions. Especially admires the "sleeping" lion, words do not convey, as he is beautiful, as nobility, power, wisdom is embodied in it, and what it seems vulnerable when he sleeps.

This very lion is not accidental depicted on guidebooks, calendars, postcards, emblems, sites, coat of arms, and so on, it is business card Crimea Along with the castle "Swallow Nest".

There are other sculptures on the "southern terraces" of the palace, all of them, as if tourists attract the magnet. These ideal stone sculptures are sitting, it is simply impossible to pass by and not capture them in the photo. Someone else's business is trying to settle alone from lions, but strict caretakers immediately stop these gusts.

Winter Garden

Miracles of skillful masters of past centuries do not cease to amaze, one of the exhibition hall is a winter garden. This very garden, like dessert, guides are left to the very end of the "lecture". There is a special microclimate, the water from the miniature fountain is splashing, in the summer you can hide from burning heat.

Although the residence was conceived as a summer, giving tribute to fashion, the Count ordered to organize a "green corner" on the Maneru of those who were broken in the castles of England. There are many greens, palm trees, but the snow-white, as if the antique statues appear in all of this emerald foliage.

The most stormy ovations breaks the sculpture "Girl". A statue from carrarsky marble sculptor Corbellin is performed. You are unlikely to meet something like that earlier. The work is so thin that the girls have even visible pores on the skin! And when you look into her eyes, it seems that it is living, never the sculptors of that time did not carve pupils. And what kind of lace girly on the dress! This marble, does not fit in the head, as the master also stiffs on clothes showed even a light fantastic fabric!

Alhambra - tribute to Turkish Hanu

If the palace looks like a castle from the northern side, then the south side, the one facing Turkey, is made in oriental style. The portal of the southern entrance is like the Moorish Palace - Alhambra. Count Mikhail Vorontsov ordered to write a secret message to Muslims in the form of a repeating six-time inscription "There is no winner, except for Allah."

Prices for excursions

The price of a ticket to Alupkinsky Palace is quite acceptable. A visit to the frontal halls for an adult will cost 300 rubles, a student at 150, and the child is only 70 rubles.

Photographing, like video, is produced on a fee, you want to make a report - welcome to the cashier to pay.

Shuvalovsky Flygel

Additionally, you can visit a very original outline, there lived Ceta Shuvalov. There are many personal belongings and decorations of famous residents. Slightly even surprise relatively modest on the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

The most touching room can be called personal Area Sophia Mikhailovna, the daughter of the graph. In all sorts of trifles, it becomes clear that she was the true secular lady that follows himself. Ploy to the boudoons of the Countess very entertaining. Sofya loved Alupka very much, was infinitely tied to her.

And a series of paintings with the members of the Vorontsov dynasty depicted on them are posted in the portrait room. The gloss, chic uniforms, brilliance orders, dignity in the view, here is a characteristic feature viewed in all portraits.

Vorontsov Park

If the palace excursions do not care at all, then still do not deny yourself the pleasure and visit the local park. Here mighty trees remember the walk of the graphic family. Mighty plane fees protected from the Sun with their empty branches and extensive leaves. To this day, trees hide the hidden tourists from the hot southern sun.

If you want to know about the history of the creation, difficulties and victories when breaking the park, then you can go for a walk with an organized group. Excursion support costs only 100 rubles, children and students of universities - 70.

If there is no desire to walk on the park on foot, you can drive on it on the electric car. This service began to be made relatively recently, but is in demand. There is no other vehicles on the territory, therefore the park can be counted for the category of "Eco-parks".

By the way, the territory of green plantings, simply, inconceivable in size, can not get around the park.

The best photo shoots here!

For a specified fee, you can agree on holding the most romantic departure marriage ceremony. Connect a family as a family in one of beautiful seats In Crimea - the dream of many.

And what are the masterpiece photo sessions here! Exactly the best in Alupka, what is in Alupka, in the whole Crimea! Places impregnated with the spirit of exceptional taste and elegance - that's what makes pictures special.

Be sure to come to the Crimea to the Vorontsov Palace, he must certainly be on the list of attractions scheduled for inspection.

A mansion in Alupka is the Vorontsov Palace - one of the most impressive on the coast. The palace was built for 20 years, since 1830, as the summer residence of the Governor General of Novorossia M.S. Vorontsova.

Built on the project of the English architect Edward Blora (1789-1879), one of the authors of the Buckingham Palace and Vestimister Abbey. The Vorontsov Palace strikingly plumally absorbed the features of Eastern and Western styles. On the southern facade of the building - an arc in the shape of a horseshoe, a bunk arch, a magnificent carving on the plates in a niche with the image of the lotus.

On the fresco of a niche inscription with a tapering from the Quran: "And there is no God, except Allah." The walls of the southern facade of the Vorontsov Palace are marble sculptures of Lviv, made in the workshop of the Italian sculptor V. Bonanni. Northern part Palace is impressive by the rigor of the style typical of the 16th century for England.

Also a monument - garden-park art. In 1824-1851, the German gardener Karl Antonovich Kebach worked on its creation. In 1956, by decision of the government, the Museum was located in the palace.

Since 1990, it is Alupkinsky Palace and Park Museum-Reserve. In Alupkinsky Park - a unique system of lakes, roads and waterfalls. The park was built on the principle of an ancient amphitheater, descending from the palace to a tea house on the seafront. The park has two levels - lower and top.

Vorontsov Palace - address and phone

Address of the Vorontsov Palace - Crimea, Alupka, Palace Highway, 18.

Phone on duty organizer of the Vorontsov Palace (for information on the mode of operation of the museum): +7 978 018 56 74.

How to get to Vorontsov Palace in Alupka?

In the Vorontsov Palace you can get from the bus station Yalta: Bus number 175 (Yalta - Simeiz), Bus number 107 (Yalta - Katsieveli) before the stop "Alupka, Avtostania"; Bus number 102 (Yalta - Alupka Park) to the final stop.

From the broadcasting market of Yalta (city center) can be reached by bus №132 (Yalta - Alupka) to the final stop.

From Sevastopol (Central Bus Station): By bus to the stop "Alupka, a nursery", then the city bus number 1 to the stop "Center. Lenin Square ", from here walking down the stairs to the palace.

Vorontsov Palace - the history of creation

Alupka is famous for the palace and park ensemble, consisting of five buildings (chief, library, table, economic and guests with one-story shuvalovskaya Flygel), a tea house located by the sea and a park surrounding the entire complex.

This ensemble was created in the 20-40th years of the 19th century, during the period of strong influence of romanticism on literature and art.

Romanticism is a whole epoch in the development of culture. His ideological prerequisites in Russia were the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Decembrist uprising.

It originated in the early 19th century, he received his distribution in the 1820s. In the late 1930s, romantic trends become dominant. In accordance with this, the attitude towards classicism is changing, which for romantics turns into the personification of dogmatism, external form, regulativity, excluding free creativity and development. The aesthetic ideal has changed. The beautiful for romantics was not associated with clarity, simplicity and harmony, as in classicism, but with manifold, contrast, dynamism.

The talented architectural epochs of romanticism appealed to the architectural elements of the styles of the past eras and, subjected to their creative rethinking, used in modern construction, they showed special attention to the architecture of the Middle Ages (Gothic, Romance, Moorish, Indo-Muslim, etc.).

Distinctive features of romanticism in architecture - painting and asymmetric compositions. Architectural romanticism, unlike classicism, did not create large public buildings, majestic urban ensembles, but was widely used in the manor and park construction.

Starting from the 20s of the 19th century, the buildings created in the romantic style prevailed on the skirt. Crimean mountains, exotic vegetation, sea with bizarrely rugged banks and bays, picturesque rocks Represented a bright, expressive background for romantic architecture. Here a particularly pronounced communication architectural constructions with the surrounding nature.

A. Demidov, traveling around the Crimea in 1837, noted in his notes: "Alternately you see that small house In the Asian taste, whose windows are closed with curtains, pipes are similar to minarets; That is a beautiful gothic castle, then a cozy dacha like english "cottages", completely immersed in the sea of \u200b\u200bgreenery and flowers, then a light wooden building with extensive galleries. "

Unfortunately, under the influence of inexorably time, many estates and buildings of the 1st and half of the 19th century disappeared from the face of the Crimean Earth. But the most valuable, the most interesting monument of that era is the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka, now the Palace Museum.

It was built with a predominant orientation for the architectural style of England of the 16th century in combination with the forms of the style of Indo-Muslim architecture of 16-17 centuries.

The western facade of the palace is very similar to the medieval castle-fortress. Here, the viewer is celebrating the monumental round towers with slump-like ambrus windows. High harsh walls are crowned with stone cloders. Wall support serve powerful counterphorts. The impression of the gloomy Middle Ages enhances Shuvalovsky passage. Its broken line with a number of closed perspectives seem to promise the viewer somewhere around the turn something mysterious.

At the top - openwork cake bridge connecting the service housings with the front table case. This air bridge is really very romantic. He, like the whole western part of the Palace, is able to transfer us to the atmosphere of medieval novels Walter Scott or other modern romantic writers.

Architecture of economic buildings of the Vorontsov Palace

The economic courtyard, which includes extensive services and residential premises for servants, is included in a single palace complex, not disturbing the architectural and artistic and compositional integrity of the ensemble. Construction period 1838-1842.

Service buildings are located on the northern side of the site, parallel to the table body and Shuvalovsky (guest). Forming a separate closed yard in the form of an extended polygon extended horizontally.

The closure and isolation of the yard, the general nature of the architecture of economic buildings will remind us of medieval English castles with towers, narrow windows - the braces of high external walls.

The basis of decorative design of facades is a clear rhythm of geometrically simple door and window openings. It used the textual processing of walls "Rvanged" stone.

South part Economic buildings during Vorontsova was divided into functional purposes into three parts: the central part was engaged in carrion sheds with three wide doorways, the right - stables, in the left wing there was a kitchen with utility rooms and storage room.

Various business services were located in the northern part of the economic yard. Relative to the lower floor there is an assumption that in its right wing there could be a dining room for a courtyard, and in the left, extensive room with three large arched openings, which were not closed with a gate, (because the openings do not have quarters for the installation of the gate) could be located Forge, serving stable services. On the second floors there were residential and apartments for palace servants.

The outer wall of the Northern Corps of Hozdvor, facing the park, is strengthened with flat counterphorties. Special paintings by the silhouette of the walls give flue pipes stylized under the phials.

Two gates lead to the courtyard. Western entrance has a round tower. The eastern gate overlooking the front courtyard, flanked by two rectangular three-core towers, one of which is an hour - completed by a turret with a flagpole. Towers are identical to the proportions and forms, withstand in the style of the English architecture of the 16th century. The upper tier is crowned high toothed cornice. The gates of the towers connect the front courtyard with the buildings of services and at the same time constitute the architectural framework of the "clean" yard from the West.

Northern Facade of the Vorontsov Palace

In the northern facade, we have a new aspect of architecture, identical no longer medieval fortress, and the country's 16th century countryside Palace, for which large window openings (erkers) are typical, high flue pipes, which, in addition to their utilitarian purposes, play a large decorative role. Building over the palace with a whole slender colonnade with some fantastic colors in the form of buds (Fleons), they inform the special decorative effect of the entire architectural and decorative appearance of the main building of the palace.

Large expressiveness reaches the architect to the rhythmic alternation of smooth planes of walls and rizazalites, elegant pinakly turbulers and a massive-crevice-kremer.

Considering the palace, we admire the virtuoso craftsmanship of Kamnezov, skillfully performing its structural and decorative details: stone blocks, carved frontons, dome. Here are many architectural details, typical of the 16th century typical of England (towers, arches, domes), in their outlines are similar to elements of eastern architecture. This is another feature of romantic architecture when another is guessed in the forms of one style.

Elements of Eastern architecture, which have a place in the palace, their strongest development has reached the architecture of the Southern Facade of the Palace, with whom we will get acquainted later.

The presence of two styles in the same building was not here to be mechanical connections. The architect found the details close and east and gothic, dispersed them in a certain rhythm throughout the complex and this reached an amazing style of unity.

So, in the northern facade we see the magnificent and strict Palace of late English Middle Ages.

The author of the project of the Palace was the famous architect Eduard Blor (1789-1879), one of the nashels of the romantic direction in the English architecture. E. Bhor is known in England as draftsman and engraver, illustrator of publications on the history of British architecture. In 1816-1823, he participated in the design and design of Abbotsford Castle for V. Scott in Scotland. In 1820 - 1850 he conducted restoration work in the royal palaces, was a brilliant connoisseur of Tudor style architecture. In total, it was built and reconstructed 40 public buildings and estates and as many churches and chapels. Blor is one of the founders of the Royal Archaeological Institute.

By the block of Blora, the palace built William Gunt, also English architect. The construction lasted for 20 years, from 1828 to 1848. Mostly by the fortress masters. Of great interest is the fact that Vladimir Kamnezes worked here, glorifying themselves with the art of the construction of white-named Russian churches with artistic decorations.

The main building material was the local stone diabase, the strength of which is above granite. Thanks to the beautiful greenish-gray color of the stone, the palace organically fit into the color gamut of the local landscape. A beautiful background for him was the top of the mountain Ai-Petri, crowded by the entire Landscape of Alupka and her outlines similar to the ruins of some ancient fantastic castle.

Of the huge shapeless blocks of diabase, which was processed by hand, the blocks for the walls were dragged, thin and complex architectural parts were cut out. Carefully grinded diabases for finishing interior.

Here worked at different times from a hundred and thousands of people, among them the fortress Vorontsov. They were used as free-paced workers, received a salary from which the lifts were to pay. Currently, on the basis of archival documents, it was possible to establish the names of more than 300 serfs, among which were layers, cabinetries, wood cutters, painters, embroiderers.

Among these talented craftsmen, the skill of the magician of Roman Furtunov from the fraud estate of the Kiev province deserves special attention. From the same estate worked in Alupka Stolyar, many of them worked up to 10 years, separating the interiors of the palace and manufacturing furniture.

And now, admiring the skill of serfs and voltage masters, built this palace, we give tribute to the numerous folk craftsmen, the talent of which manifested itself in the finish of the frontal halls of the palace, made with great taste and perfection.

A palace was built for a graph, and later Prince M.S. Vorontsova (1782-1856), one of the largest Russian landowners on the 1st half of the 19th century. In 1823, he was appointed Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory and the Plenipotentiary Vicer of the Bessarab region.

In the first half of the 19th century, the colonization of new lands of Russia increases. Overpolenity Position in the central strip made landowners to look for new lands to be able to fully use the work of their fortress. At that time, the lands of Novorossia and the Crimea were especially valued. They were acquired and mastered, since the proximity to the Black Sea created them created the favorable conditions for the export and marketing of various agricultural products. Therefore, Vorontsov seeks his appointment to the post of general governor of Novorossia.

Having been in 1822 for the first time in Crimea and seeing what huge wealth would be in themselves this rich, almost undeveloped edge, Vorontsov begins to acquire land here. Massandra, Ay-Danil, Ai-Vasil, Martyan, Gurzuf, Alupka - One after another becomes the property of Vorontsov. In the 1930s, he has already about 2 thousand tents of the Earth. Vorontsov tries how it is possible to use their estates. It creates extensive grape plantations on the SKK, one of the first places industrial winemaking here. With it, the first cellars in Massandra are laid. In the steppe regions of the Crimea, sheepstavitsy developed, in Ak-Mosque - an equestrian plant, a salt was mined in two lakes of this area.

Thanks to the construction of the road connecting the Simferopol with Sevastopol and Yalta, agricultural products and wine were exported from the Crimean estates of Vorontsov, which undoubtedly contributed to the increase in the revenues of the owner. From the Crimean estates of the Vorontsov had an income of up to 56 thousand rubles. in year.

Having in 16 provinces of Russia, 400 thousand tensions of the Earth and about 80 thousand fortress peasants, Vorontsov received huge revenues. Only income from the lifesta, excluding the Crimean estates, was up to 800 thousand rubles by assignments. The owner of such wealth had the opportunity to build luxury palaces for themselves.

The Museum former Vorontsov Palace became in 1921 after the liberation of the Crimea from the White Guards. On February 20th of the same year, V.I. Lenin, who paid great attention to cultural construction in the country, sent the telegram to the Chairman of the Crimean Revolutionary: "Take a decisive action to protect artistic values \u200b\u200bthat are in the Yalta Palaces and private buildings, now allocated under the penets of Naroscital. All responsibility assigned to you. "

Performing instructions, the Commission on the Protection of Artistic Monuments and other works of art created by the Rev., all the most interesting artistic terms of art from nationalized estates were selected to create the first Soviet museums in the Crimea.

The Vorontsov Palace was nationalized, the remaining property was complemented by collections from other South Coast palaces, and in 1921 a historical and household museum was opened here.

During the years of the Patriotic War, when the Crimea was occupied by the German fascists, the works of art did not manage to evacuate, and the palace functioned as a museum. His director was Stepan Grigorievich Schekoldin (1904-2002). During the retreat, the Germans wanted to blow up the palace, a large amount of explosive was harvested. However, the explosion could not be implemented, museum workers were prevented. In April 1944, the rapid offensive of the Soviet troops freed the Crimea.

In February 1945, during the Crimean Conference, the Alupkin Palace was provided by the British delegation led by W. Churchill. In the subsequent decade, the State Department was here, referred to in the documents "Spec.Object No. 3".

Again the palace was opened for visitors in 1956. Currently, this is an architectural and art museum. It is located in the central and table corps, where there are the frontal premises of the palace. In the premises of the guest building and Shuvalovsky Flygel, various exhibitions from the Foundations of the Reserve Museum, including the "Family Gallery of Vorontsova", are represented by portraits of numerous representatives of this famous genus.

One of the main features of the Vorontsov Palace is a combination of the styles of the English architecture of the 16th century (style of Tudor) and the eastern, Indo-Muslim 16th century. Moreover, the combination of these styles is made so skillfully, with such an artistic taste that the result is a new artistic image, harmonious, solid, fulfilled in a romantic style.

Speaking about the romantic architecture of the palace, about his exterior, we noted that its main stylistic motive is the orientation of the English architecture of 16 V. We can note the same, characterizing the interiors, i.e. Interior premises in the decorative design of which also affects big influence Palace interiors of England 16th century.

In the 16th century in English palaces, indoor premises were separated by a carved wooden decor. From here in the Parade Cabinet - Oak profiled panels; A large amount of wood is used to finish the Erker window. It was in the 16th century in the English architecture that windows-Erkers appeared, protruding outside the walls, increasing the lighting and the area of \u200b\u200bthe room.

Four symmetrically arranged oak doors enhance the impression of a wooden finish; One of the doors is purely decorative. The details of the finish characteristic of the 16th century england in all halls of the palace (more or less) are intertwined with elements typical for finishing on the 2nd quarter of the 16th century, when the imitation has become fashionable. Here it is applied in the ceiling decoration, where the modeling of alabaster and coloring is imitating the tree.

Characteristic detail of English interiors - fireplaces. In the climate of England, the fireplace not only warms, but also is a powerful fan. Fireplaces we will see in all the front rooms of the palace, and in each of them - the decoration has its own characteristics, combined with the general decoration of the hall. Here, the fireplace from the marbled limestone of grayish-brownish shades is well combined with a tone of the tree and wallpapers that are not survived and replaced with new ones. Coloring and drawing them fully correspond to the old samples.

In the Parade Cabinet - furniture, mostly English work on the 1st quarter of the 19th century, made of different wood species. Its rich finish: inlay metal, lush wood carving, skillful polishing - strengthen the impression of the solemnity and parade of this room.

The setting of the room is typical for the front cabinets of the 30-40s of the 16th century. It not only characterizes the era, but each separately taken object is a great artistic value. Particularly interesting for the Black Wood Cabinet, made by French Masters in the Bul style (Charles Bul / 1642-1732 / worked at the turn of the 17-18 centuries). It can be called the Creator of Art Furniture. Masterfully owning the technique of a set, consuming to decorate furniture overhead bronze, elephant bone, mother-in-law, a turtle armor, he achieved a large colorful wealth and created his own style "Bul".

Cabinet furniture complex: round table, chairs and walnut seats, made by English masters of the 1st quarter of the XIX century, attracts attention to the skill of inlay metal on wood, the ability to show the beauty of wood.

In the front cabinets, portrait painting was often placed, which brightly characterizing the era. Peering in the images of people placed in this office, it is safe to say that the breath of the war of 1812 touched them. The ideas of patriotism aggravated in Russian society encouraged the artists to seek and find those traits in the person who contacted the concept of "sense of civil debt." An artistic benchmark of such a work can be considered a 1812 military gallery in the Winter Palace. Over its creation for a number of years worked with his assistants to Golie and Polyakov English Artist George Dow (1781-1829). The portraits presented here by the participant of the Russian-French campaign Fyodor Petrovich Uvarova (1770-1824), Lev Alexandrovich Naryshkin (1781-1829), Alexander Christophore Benkendorf are copyright repetitions of the gallery. A sharp turn of the head, a fiery color in uniforms, a stormy sky in the background - techniques typical for Dow creativity. They inform painting romantic color.

In the same pictorial key, the main portrait of the first owner of the Alupkin Palace of Count M.S. Vorontsova (1782-1856) was resolved.

When, in 1821, British Thomas Lawrence began writing a portrait who later became famous, Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov was in Oleo of his military glory, manifesting personal bravery and outstanding abilities of the commander in battles in Borodino, Red, Crane. In 1848, for the order of the Family of the Vorontsov Louise, Dessem performed a copy, a decent original. Successfully imitating brushes of Lawrence, his pearl-gray and black tones, the artist managed to keep the anti-original romantic pathos.

A decent place in the exposition is a portrait of Field Marshal M.I. Cutup. Here are small bronze sculptures: the duke of Wellington (a copy from the work of the Koter, the English sculptor of the first half of the X1x century) and the Prussian commander of Feldmarshal Blucher's work of the German sculptor X.Ruha (1777-1857).

Supplement the decoration of the front office standing on the closet clock from the gilded bronze work of the French master of Peter-Philippe Tomir (1741-1843). They are decorated with minina and fire figures - repeat the composition famous monument On the Red Square of the sculptor I.P. Martos.

G.austin received its name on the decoration of walls, covered with a sensitive cloth. Cite, the fabric of oriental origin, got widespread in Western Europe and Russia in the middle of the 19th century and at the same time became so fashionable material that was valued at the level of velvet, silk, brocade. It was used for decoration in the palaces and rich mansions. This siter is English with an elegant decorative pattern. The color is successfully harmonized with the facing of the fireplace, made of marble of pinkish shades.

Massive walnut sofa, classic forms, with side book cabinets, lush inlaid bronze. The living room presents works by Russian academic artists.

All Russian artists who graduated from the Academy of Arts with the Gold Medal were certainly sent to Italy. Among them was S.F. Shchedrin (1791-1830), who devoted his work to the image of Italian nature. He worked a lot on the problem of transfer in the picture of sunlight, space, air environment and one of the first began to write nature from nature. S. Shchedrin wrote landscapes in the vicinity of Naples, Sorrento, on the island of Capri. "The kind of Sorrento" is his favorite motive. The bright rays of the southern sun illuminate the water of the Naples Bay, the picturesque coastal rocks. Landscape as if shut off with transparent roast marine summer Day. In his canvases, the artist managed directly and poetically convey the charm of real nature, to show the beauty of reality.

A prominent place among the masters of the Russian landscape belongs to N.G. Chernetov (1805-1879), which dedicated himself to the image of Russian nature. Chernets traveled a lot. In 1838, he together with his brother traveled along the Volga. Yuryevts Pobetsky is one of the many cloths that appeared as a result of this journey. In a small work captured the architecture of the ancient town. In the 1850s, the artist made pilgrimage to holy places, to this period his creativity belongs to the "View of Nazareth near Galilee".

Over the fireplace, two pictures:

1. "Ruins in the vicinity of Rome" , Canvas, oil. Artist Sternberg Vasily Ivanovich (1818-1845). The painter-landscape and a genrist. In 1835-1838 He studied at the Academy of Arts at M.N. Sparrow. In the summer he lived in Ukraine, depicted scenes national Most and Ukrainian nature. Close friend of T.G. Shevchenko. In 1839, he received the title of artist, in 1840, the pensioner of the Academy of Arts was sent to Italy. Died in Rome.
2. "Bacchante". 1856 year. Canvas, oil. The picture was originally in the settlement of Vorontsov. Artist Mikov Nikolai Apollonovich (1794-1873). Historic painter academic direction. Brought up in the Cadet Corps, the participant of the Patriotic War of 1812. The painter became self-taught. Since 1835 - Academician.

Already the name of the hall indicates the eastern influences. This is not by chance: the room is drawn to the southern side, where architecture is east.

The name "Chinese Cabinet" room received through mats, which are finished the upper part of the walls. The mats are embroidered with silk and beads, the nature of the embroidery testifies to the execution by Russian craftswomen, apparently the fortress embroiderers.

In some details of the decor - signs of a wide variety of styles. Embroidery ornament on Chinese mats and wood carving are made in style. italian rebirth The 16th century, the framing of the mirror frames and their mirrors are gothic. Accurate columns on the walls, carved garlands with brushes at the bottom - typical for Baroque.

But over all of this, the atmosphere of Eastern Art is almost impossible. This is expressed in the total pomp of the entire decorative decoration of the hall, in the intricate ornament of the carving and modeling, in the flower combination of black, brown and cream, inherent in many works of Chinese applied art.

Art and talent of various masters worked out in the Chinese office, who worked on the decoration of the Palace of Leps, Embroidery, furniture, furniture and carvers on the furniture. These high-class masters perfectly performed high panels from light oak, thin carved wood decorations. A thread, adorning the door of a wall locker, is characterized by a special grace, into the ornament of which the first letter of the owner of this Cabinet "E" - Elizabeth is added.

Among the masters worked in the palace were talented furniture makers. There was our own furniture workshop, in which chairs and chairs were made in this room (on the backs - stylized Vorontsov monograms), wavy birch tables (Round Living Room and Dame - Worker). From Vorontsov archives, it is known that fortress joiners worked in Alupka: Naum Mukhin, Maxim Tislenko, Skim Napshin, a colonist from german colony Under Odessa Martyn Goltzman.

Well fits into the interior of the Cabinet unusual forms a small wall cabinet of French work, a close style of bulb. In its decoration, a turtle armor was applied, along which the ornament is copper and light metal. The locker is almost completely decorative destination, a small number of papers or letters could be stored inside it.

Convened with him to color the locker intended for storing jewels. It is made in England in the second half of the 18th century in the technique of painted varnish (the lacquer grows in China and Japan). Varnish, protecting the tree from damage, can be tangled in different colors. The figure is made by applying a colored lacquer with a layer layer and is convex.

The authentic work of the decorative and applied art of Italy is a table with the species of Roman architectural monuments. This mosaic set of smalt is executed in the papal workshops of the famous Italian artist Michellandzhelo Barberry (1787-1867) with the participation of Russian masters. (Smalta is a set of the smallest pieces of colored glass on a wax basis).

Portrait of Elizabeth Xherevna Vorontsova was filled with an unknown artist on the original D. Dow. It is depicted in Venetian, according to the fashion of those years, dress. The image of a woman once shows A.S. Pushkin, extremely attractive. The portrait is dominated by warm olive tones. On the Western Wall (where the portrait of E.K. Vorontsova) - Colored engravings F. Bartalotzi from the originals of the English portraitist D. Reynolds (1723-1792): Right - Portrait of Avania Spencer (1787), Left - Portrait of her sister Anna Bingham (1787) .

On the northern wall:

• left - Portrait of Maria Spencer. Metzo Tinto William Dickinson from the original D. Reynolds (1723-1792)
• in the middle - "Reflection", color engraving from a drawing, performed by Countess Spencer
• right - Duchess Carolina Malboro with daughter Carolina Spencer
• northern Wall Panel - Types of English Castles
• on the left and right (under the shelves) - the types of old castle in Woodstock County Oxfordshire. In the middle - the types of Castle Blenheim (built on the site of the old castle in Woodstock).

During the Crimean (Yalta) conference of the leaders of the three Allied powers (4-11 February 1945), the palace in Alupka was provided with the English delegation led by Churchill. Personal apartments of the Prime Minister were the main and Chinese cabinets connected by the Citz Room. In the Chinese office there is a small exposure dedicated to the outstanding political figure of the 20th century.

Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874-1965) for its origin belonged to the famous Church of Malboro, who were among the twenty duke families of England. The founder of the Dynasty of John Churchill (1650-1722), the former Page of the Duke of Yorsky (later King Yakov II) from 1702 was the commander-in-chief of the British army. Anna Queen elevated him to the duke dignity, and for the brilliant victory in Blenheim on August 13, 1704, in the memory of which the medal was knocked out, gave the duke of the Earth in the royal land of Woodstock in the County of Oxfordshire. At the place of the old castle, the times of Elizabeth Tudor on the project of John Vanbro (1664-1726) in 1705-1719. A huge palace was built, outwardly resembling Versailles. The generic estate was called "Blenheim". On November 30, 1874, Winston Churchill was born here.

More than a hundred years belonged to the dukes family in London "Malboro Hauz". Lined in 1709-1711. K. Renom (1632-1723) in Palladian style, the palace was distinguished by the luxury of the interior and wealth of interiors. In 1817, the heirs sold it in the royal treasury. In different years, members of the Royal Family of England and their Russian relatives lived in the palace: Emperors Alexander III and Nicholas II, Empress Maria Fedorovna.

In the middle of the 18th century, the title and ownership of the Dukes Malboro switched to the women's line to Charles Spencer, Count Senderland (3rd Duke Malboro). For his grandson - Graph George Pembroke - in 1808 their native sister gr was married. M.S. Vorontsova - Catherine.

Supplement the decoration of the cabinet The views of the medieval castles of England, the romantic interpretation of which is the architecture of the Vorontsov Palace (1820-1840s., Architect E. Blor) and engraved portraits of representatives of the Spencers of Spencers, performed according to the originals D. Reynolds.

A separate showcase presents documentary photos (copies), made in the process of working conference and books dedicated to W. Churchill.

He served as a parade entrance to the palace. Of all the interiors, he most likely resembles the front halls of the English palaces of the 16th century, in which the hall Hall was built in the center of the building, from where the doors were led to all other front and living quarters. The lobby is very similar to the English Hall.

The entrance doors of it are located on the part of the northern facade, whose architecture is discreet and strict, typical of the English buildings of the XVI century. This severity and simplicity seems to be developed in the interior of the lobby. The proportions of its harmonious and majestic. Almost all architectural processing is given in a tree: a massive oak ceiling is symmetrically separated by profiled decorative squares that simulate the ribs that have once carrying the role. High oak panels are decorated with stylized gothic arches.

In a strict and somewhat gloomy flavor of the lobby, fireplaces from gray diabase fit perfectly. The upper part of the fireplaces is made of one whole piece in the form of a canopy of the Tudor arch, according to which the Gothic Conductor is cut out. Diabaz is so thin here polished, which received a mirror glitter.

The nature of the painting of this hall corresponds to its parade and monumentality. These features are more inherent in the parade portrait, the purpose of which is to glorify and idealize portrayed in every way, to emphasize its social superiority, high position in society. Such portraits, as a rule, large sizes are carefully issued clothing, jewels, orders, ribbons. In the parade portrait, the task of disclosing the inner world of man was not set.

The main, coronation portrait of Catherine II, created by one of the best portrait of the 18th century Fedor Rocky (1736-1809). In his best portraits, embodying the image of an enlightened representative of the Russian society of their era, Rockots gives a poetic idea of \u200b\u200ba person, spiritually evident. But, creating the front portraits, he should have followed certain traditions, which were mentioned above. In the portrait of Catherine, the artist seeks to emphasize the power and greatness of the empress, carefully discharges the luxurious royal clothes and the situation. Ekaterina's face is impenetrable.

A bright example of the front portraits can serve as the works of artists of foreigners who worked in Russia in late 18 - early 19 V.

In the portrait of the English artist Richard Brompton (1734-1783), depicting A.V. Branitskaya, carefully discharged a front-end dress made of fusion tight silk, decorations from gemstone, the Order Tape, testifying that Branitskaya is the court lady of Catherine II, it's not by chance that the marble bust of the empress is also depicted here. We can mark a wonderful portrait execution technique: the texture of various materials is perfectly transmitted, hands are well discharged, but the face with a slight smile on the lips is somewhat idealized.

A similar characteristic can be given and portrait K.P. Branitsky, work of the Austrian artist Johann Baptist Lamp (1751-1830). Depicting Barnitsky in a pompous position, in Knight's lats, which no longer worn during the lifetime of portrayed, the artist sought to create a heroic image, emphasize the antiquity of the genus of Polish magnate.

On the northern wall portraits of parents M.S. Vorontsova Works L. Desmey: Count Seeds Romanovich Vorontsov, Russian Messenger in England (copy from the original R. Evance) and Catherine Alekseevna Vorontsova. At the heart of his graceful image, made by D.G.levitsky (the original is in the Russian Museum). All the rest of the staged entourage: Sitting in the chair the figure, the falds of the curtain, the beloved dog of the Tibetan breed against the background of a perfectly written satin dress - invented by Louise Dssay and compositely tied with a portrait of her spouse. Portrait is impressive with his decorativeness.

Among the front portraits of the lobby - the image of the light prince G.A.Potemkin - Tavric (1739-1791). The portrait entered the museum relatively recently in 1989 - this is the gift of Baron E.A. Falts Fein background.

The figure of Potemkin as if on the pedestal rises against the background of the Highlands of the Crimean slope and the thunderstorm sky. The parade general uniform - white with gold sewage is decorated with ordinary ribbons and the highest awards. The belt is visible to Ephesus Sabl. Despite the idealization of the image, the features of his face did not lose their individuality, they guessed direct and proud character, the wide mind and fearlessly portrayed.

Symbolic in the portrait of attributes and gestures of the hands: a pylon tube, opened card, entitled "Pont Evksin" (the old name of the Black Sea). The indicating finger of the right hand turned towards Sevastopol - the future stronghold of the Black Sea Fleet, whitewashing buildings and bays are distinguishable away.

Illuminated the palace in the middle of 19 candles, so there are many candelabra, sconces. In the strict interior of the lobby, the candelabra from the dark bronze in the form of majestic female figures in ancient Greek clothes, filled with French masters of the early 19th century. The lantern made in the pseudo-styled style in the second half of the 19th century.

A peculiar transition from this harsh, a few gloomy premises on the bright south side of the palace served as a small tambour, tightened by Persian embroidery, representing the seated pair portrait of the Persian Shah of the end of the 18th century Fetch Ali. The author of the embroidery is the Persian master from the city of Solte Aga Boshorch. Performed them at the beginning of the 19th century in the technique of figure sewing. This is a unique piece of applied art of its time. The technique of their execution is a thin scrupulous work: the connection of individual very small figured pieces of matter using a tambour and stem seams. The execution of such curly sewing has its own secret, is currently lost, so we have rare unique things.

These elegant oriental jewelry seems to prepare the viewer to the perception of new related to the East, architectural forms, in which the decoration of the central part of the southern facade is supplied.

It is very distinguished by its finish from all other rooms. It is bright and elegant. After a gloomy lobby, the abundance of light is striking here: most of the living room goes to the south, the light strengthened through the huge windows from the ceiling to the floor and through the aircraft window from the north side. Light blue walls and ceiling covered with white stucco ornaments in the form of garlands of flowers and leaves. It seems that this vegetation has penetrated through numerous windows from the park and burst into a peculiar arbor.

The modeling is made manually without stamping by the fortress masters Vorontsov. The name of the wonderful layout of the Furtunov serf novel, a native village of School of Kiev province. It was he led by all stucco works in the palace. A fireplace from a white Italian carrarsky marble, decorated with floral ornament, is very well combined with wall decoration.

The headsets of a light living room furniture made in the style of late Russian classicism in the 20s-30th years of the 19th century, also serfast masters of Vorontsov is well represented here. Furniture is decorated with ornament from grape vines and wheat sections, which indicates its manufacture in the south.

Perfectly complement the decoration of the hall Porcelain decorative vases in the form of craters, the work of the imperial porcelain factory in St. Petersburg (now the plant. Lomonosov). They are painted by master bristinin.

Blue living room could serve both theater. The protrusions in the wall divide it into two unequal parts: the smaller was the scene, a large-visual hall. In the protrusions hidden a wooden retractable curtain. In the home theater, the last time in his life was the great actor Mikhail Semenovich Shpkin (1788-1863) - founder of the Russian realistic theater.

In 1863, he came to tour in Crimea. He's health was very upset, but hoped here to be worn. At the invitation of Vorontsov Shchepkin came from Yalta to the palace to speak in front of their guests, among whom was hoping to find protection for a meeting with the queen, he wanted to talk about the serious position of artistic youth of that time. During the speech, Schepkin became bad. After some time, he died in Yalta, where he was buried, and then his remains were transported to Moscow.

In 1896, Chaliapin sang the palace, Rachmaninov played. In the 1980s, the scene was set "in Korchme" from the Opera "Boris Godunov" artists of the Mamontov Opera. Among the cultural workers of the past who were in the Palace in the 80s of the XIX century, the Ukrainian democrat of Rudy Stepan Vasilyevich, Ukrainian Democratic Democratic, especially should be noted. He worked in Yalta by a county doctor. But neither medical practice nor literary activity was provided to the Rudy the necessary subsistence minimum, and he had to work at one time to work as a personal doctor from Vorontsov. And, it can be assumed that the comparison of the luxurious lifetime of myself, similar to Vorontsov, with the life of the labor people gave a poet a rich material to create satirical works on this topic.

The palace is surrounded by an excellent park, which was also created in the 1st half of the 19th century under the leadership of Talented Gardener Kebach. But to withstand the nature of the Northern Castle-Palace, they decided to arrange a winter garden here.

In the winter garden, tender thermal-loving plants were growing, which did not even endure the southern winter and were to grow under the roof. Currently, rare araucaria are represented here, high with milled branches and gentle cheese - the birthplace of Norfolk Island near Australia. From the same edges and the cigarette rented. Raised by Ficus Rensus Creeping (Motherland Japan, China) - Plant, preserved with the 1st floor. 19th century.

White gradual sculpture - traditional decoration of gardens and parks. It is perfectly combined with the lush greenery of plants, with a mirror stroke of park reservoirs and sparkling fountains.

In the center, the fountain, three copies performed by Russian masters of the 1st floor. 19th century. Apollo Belvedere is a copy of Leohara (Greek sculptor 4 in. BC). Different with fine plastic copy from the work of the Greek sculptor 3 V. BC Daidals "Aphrodite Battless". An unknown author - "Uraniya" - Muz Astronomy. Here, the product of the French sculptor L. Markest "First Steps", depicting the mother and novice walking a child, and the "girl" of the Italian sculptor 1-floor. 19th century Quintilian Corbellini.

Sculptural portraits along the southern wall - work of Western European sculptors of 18-19 centuries.

The author of the Empress Ekaterina II (1729-1796) was truthfully filled with the German school of the Johann Esterreich (1747-1801). It is distinguished by a subtle skill of transmission in the marble of openwork lace, mountainous fur, curled hair and other details.

French sculptor Deni Fupetie (1793-1863), is known in France with its works in the spirit of classicism, adorning the Tuileries garden and St. Church. Madelena in Paris. He is the author of numerous sculptural portraits. Portraits of Vorontsov filled with them in Paris in 1821. In the portrait of Seeds Romanovich Vorontsov (1744-1832), the supervisory artist managed to convey the individual traits and the nobility of the Russian aristocrat. Portraits Mikhail Semenovich and Elizabeth Xherevyevna are executed in classical traditions, their faces are significantly idealized.

Perhaps the most expressive sculptural portrait of this small gallery is the "Portrait of William Pitt Jr." (1757-1806) - the English Prime Minister of the end of the 18th - early 19th century, Joseph Nollekons (1737-1822) Nolleknesis belongs to the number of English sculptors that In the 18th century, they turned to the realistic image of their contemporaries. In this work, the author is realistic and convincingly showed proud and arrogant English Lord.

The most majestic room of the palace. In this room, the proportions are perfectly found: the ratio of length, height and width. The mass of light is pouring from a huge windows-erker and windows-doors located on both its parties.

Interior trim of the main dining room, as is the lobby - the most vivid orientation into English palace interiors of the 16th century. Widely used in decoration carved tree. The ceiling decoration resembling medieval gothic vaults is more decorative than in the lobby and ends with hanging carved locks. Thin threads are decorated with a balcony railing for musicians connecting the bridge with a service case.

The light brown tree tone is well harmonized with the olive wall of the walls and gives the interior strictly, solemn sound.

Four Panels of the French artist Guber Robert (1733-1808) of a large master of monumental architectural landscape - an integral part of the walls of the walls of the parade dining room. During the construction of the palace, they were tightly fixed into carved frames. These decorative works, with their restrained brownish-greenish flavor, with verticals of obeliskov, poplars and cypresses, with the ruins of ancient architectural monuments, the romantic semi-infantastic nature were harmoniously fit into the interior. The best of these "Basilica" and "Terrace", dated 1802, are distinguished by a wonderful transmission of the air and prospects, a soft flavor.

Between two diabase fireplaces, the fountain treated as a fireplace is arranged from the same material. Here we once again meet with the wonderful work of stone cutters, thinly performing turrets, flanking gear cornis fountains and other decorations. Inside the fountain is separated by majolic plates.

The furnishings of the parade dining room is designed in the nature of its finishes. The mirror glitter and solemnly sparkle with mirror glitter polishing the red wood dining tables with massive, artistically performed by the podstols of English work 1st half of the 19th century.

The richness of the decorative decoration is the camera with legs, filled in the form of powerful lion paws, with curls decorated with stylized leaves of palm trees and acanta along the edge of the table top. A single integer with a servant represents an open wine cellar with a lead coating for wines cooling.

Among the bronze adorning the dining room, the most interesting exhibits are a candelabra, decorated with Ural Malachite, where you can note the fine work, and a beautiful combination of bronze with bright greenery.

The principles of finishing this room are the same as in the lobby and dining room: orientation to the English palace interiors of the 16th century. The room was intended for games and entertainment. The billiard table is made of the red tree of the Barrow and Watt English firm in the middle of the 19th century. Walnuts headsets (sofa, table, chairs) with inlay metal and carving - English work of the mid-19th century.

In the palaces of the 18th - the first half of the 19th century, as a rule, there were collections of painting. Sometimes special picture galleries were arranged for them, the paintings were most often placed in the front halls.

The walls of the billiard room were convenient to accommodate picturesque canvases, so they are presented in large quantities. This works of Western European artists of different times and schools.

First of all, the two large still life of the brush of the Flemish artist of the 18th century Peter Sneyse (1681-1752) appear. With its monumental dimensions, the dynamics of composition and colorful decorative, they are very characteristic of the Flemish school of this time, as well as for the art of the artist himself. Still-lifes are written with great love and skill, so vividly, that in the "pantry vegetables" we seek the juiciness of the cabbage, the silkiness of the bulbs, we note how skillfully passed the texture of various materials: a ring with a bright glitter metal of copper pelvis, next to him dull, fragile Ceramics jug. "Store fish" is interesting for its dynamic composition, a sonorous flavor and sculptural transmission of fish.

In the center of the fireplace, the work of the Italian artist of the Venetian school of the 18th century Bernardo Belotto (1720-1730) "Pirna. Top gate. " The artist worked a lot in Poland and Germany. Before us is one of his German architectural landscapes with a harsh and gloomy medieval castle and a moral street contrasting with it.

"Politician" - the work of the English artist William Hoggart (1697-1764). This is the picturesque work of an outstanding artist-realistic of its time. The author of satirical paintings, he was whisowing the morals of the bourgeoisie. In "Politics" merchant Mr. Tibson, seeking to become famous as an expert of politics. Reading the newspaper, he does not want to notice anything around, even burning his hat, which he inadvertently set fire to the candle. The canvas is written in a free manner, very lively.

"Male portrait" F.Purbus-senior (1545-1581) is one of the best works of painting in this room. In it with a realistic depth transferred the character of a smart volition man. Masterfully written a face performed in a thin color scheme, serious insightful eyes are expressive.

Dutch painting in the 17th century reached his highest heyday. She was distinguished by democratic, truthfulness and high artistic skill. Presented in the exposition "Portrait of a woman in black" was written in 1664 in the best realistic traditions of this school.

Alupka nature is distinguished by contrasts. If its northern mountainous part of the Surova, static, which affected the architecture of the facades of the palace, addressed to her, then the southern part of the city (terrain) of a completely different character is the landscape of its dynamic, on the colors. An immense maritime expanses open here, whose water sparkles in the sun and shimmer with all the colors of the rainbow. And above the sea, to the horizon itself, is the infinite celestial blueness. Lush vegetation contains a lot of blooming exotes.

The entire landscape, full of major sound, suggests other forms of architecture than in the north-western part of the palace. E. Blor finds a good solution by contacting elegant forms and a bright flavor of Indo-Muslim architecture of 16-17 centuries, combining them with the motives of the English Tudor style. Moreover, such a combination in the history of the development of architecture is not by chance: in a number of forms and elements, Gothic can be caught similarity with the forms of oriental architecture. Europe became acquainted with the Arabic architecture before the occurrence of Gothic - during crusades - and borrowed Arabs Arches and the Tower in the form of minarets.

Inspired by such excellent works of Indo-Muslim architecture as the famous Mausoleum Taj Mahal in Agra, Mausoleum Humaiun in Delhi or the Fabulous Palace of Alhambra in Grenada, the architect creates the Southern Facade. It is in Alupkin's palace complex - another aspect of architecture, which gives an idea of \u200b\u200bsome Eastern Palace, which causes Associations with Indo-Muslim mosques of 16-17 centuries.

A huge portal opens here, which is supported by which flanks with turrets resembling minarets. Deep semi-curvous niche in two floors height framed by a carved horseshoe-shaped arch, its vaulted ceiling is decorated with thread over alabaster.

The eastern character of the central portal emphasizes the inscription on the Frieze of Niche in Arabic: "And there is no winner, except for Allah."

A typical detail of Eastern architecture - verandas, encircling the entire southern facade along with the Shuvalovsky corps, as well as a wide carrying out of the roof over the eaves, decorated with carved scenes. These details play an important functional role of premises protection from heat and blinding sunlight.

Specialty of this part of the palace, openwork lattices are a veranda and balustrade. In the decor of thin metal columns, rhythmicly repeated by the facade from the Chinese office to the table housing, woven the stylized flower of the Indian lotus. The presence of the forms of this flower in the decoration of the architecture of the South Facade enhances its relationship with the local exotic Flora.

Thanks to its asymmetric silhouette - seeking to upward details, the palace from the south side organically fits into the Alupka panorama. And the horizontal placement of the hulls of the entire palace complex, its broken line, as if the repetitive line of the mountain ridge, the local stone diabases, from which all the housings are built, the environment of exotic vegetation, make the whole palace-Park Ensemble An integral part of Crimea mountain landscapeharmoniously merging with him.

A diabasic staircase, decorated with marble sculptures of Lviv, made in the workshop of the Italian sculptor Bonanni, leads from the palace towards the sea. The best of them is "sleeping lion." The sculptor gorgeously married this mighty animal in a state of absolute rest, each dog breathes in it, relaxed muscles, all expresses a sweet sleep in it.

Nearby - "Leo Woke", ready to burn. The next pair is "rising" and "growling lions" carrying protection at the entrance to the palace.

Around the Palace - an extensive park, which is a work of high garden-park art (it deserves a separate consideration). The park is divided into two parts: upper and lower. Upper park - landscape. Sharing it, the gardeners sought him to look like a forest. The southern part of the Palace is facing the lower park, which is built on the principle of regular Italian parks. Here in all the skillful hand of the gardener is visible: in the arrangement of vegetation, and in its furirc. The Palace Park is decorated with artistically made from white marble cascade fountains, decorative vases.

The library case was built specifically for the library Vorontsov, which was created for decades, was transmitted from generation to generation and numbered over 25 thousand books. The content of the library is wide and multifaceted, it is encyclopedic. In addition to books in Russian, there are a lot of books in foreign languages: English, French, Italian, etc.

The library characterizes Vorontsov as a practical figure, clearly understanding the meaning of deep theoretical knowledge for practice. The library contains books on various branches of science and production (according to medicine, sheep, shipping, winemaking, legal proceedings). Memoirs, books on philosophy, history, natural science, politics, reference books, catalogs, reports, statutes, vaults of laws, archives are stored in this library. It fully reflects the condition of not only Russian, but also the European culture of the mid-19th century. Inspection of the library is not provided, these are the funds of the museum.

Why is it necessary to visit the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka?

Alupkinsky Palace is a complex and interesting phenomenon in architecture. Built from local material with hands of fortress stone stone, it became an integral part of the South Coast landscape. Comparison with other manor complexes of Russia and Ukraine, as well as Western Europe of the first half of the 19th century, makes it possible to consider it an outstanding monument of palace-park architecture with a complete basis.

The palace was built in 1826-1846 for Count M. S. Vorontsov - one of the largest Russian figures of the first halves XIX. century.

In our time, he would have fallen a top manager. Vorontsov was educated in England, where his father was a Russian ambassador at the end of the XVIII - early XIX century. This partly explains that the palace is built in the style of English architecture. In 1823, he is appointed by the Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory.

For the construction of the palace and the devices of the Big Park, Vorontsov buys the land in the population of Alupka. For 10 years (from 1824 to 1833), land plots were acquired in 158 persons. The lands were bought for a snot, the local population was supplanted to the mountains, on the rocky soil.

The project of the Vorontsov Palace in Alupka made English architect Eduard Blav. Initially, the construction of the palace began on projects of architects of Thomas Harrison and Francesco Bobo. It is to them that the palace is obliged to portal niche. He led the construction of the Englishman William Gunt.

Based on the preserved plans and watercolors (watercolor is in the exhibition), it can be judged on the initial intention of the Blora and the changes made by the Gunta. Blore designed the palace as a light pavilion with more pronounced oriental features than it was subsequently carried out by Gunta.

GUNT made a number of small changes in the layout of the inner premises of the main building. Instead of open billiards, a glazed winter garden was built - a lightweight, an outdoor gallery, adjacent to the table wing from the West, rebuilt into a more monumental and heavyweight building. Changed the form of Western towers, layout of household buildings and service outbuildings.

From 1828 to 1830, the project of the Palace was drawn up, the material was harvested. But the real construction began with the laying of the first stones only in March 1830.

A palace of Diorita is built - a beautiful greenish-gray stone of volcanic origin. He was taken from the natural placer in Alupka. And at present, the diorita is preserved in Alupkinsky Park in abundant quantities - the so-called stone "chaos". For the production of construction blocks, multi-forming shapeless boulders of diorita were taken, requiring large physical and time costs. Everything was performed manually to the guns of that time. Diorit itself is very durable and solid. Now it is not even believed that huge straight blocks for the walls are cut manually. Of the same stone, complex ornaments and decorations were cut out, whole dome and teeth were drained on the walls. Carefully polished diorit was used for interior design.

Oddly enough, but the construction of the Vorontsov Palace began not from the famous Northern Facade of the Central Building. The first table building was built and in parallel with him from 1830 to 1834 the Shuvalovskaya corps was later converted to a billiard room later. Initially, it was intended for guests and son-in-law Vorontsov Shuvalov.

Already after the construction of the Western Wing, the work was carried out east. The central building, despite all the complexity of the implementation of architectural intentions, was planned to finish to arrive in the Crimea of \u200b\u200bthe Imperial Family y 1837. "With extraordinary efforts and costs," reported at the time, "this house was completed to the arrival of the imperial family. It is better to say, it was prepared: for some things, and especially the decorations, both internal and external, were made only temporarily and after it should be redone or destroyed. " The inner and outer finish of the main building lasted four more goals after the visit of the emperor in the Crimea.

In 1838, a clock tower and oriental flaghel was built. The winter garden was completed at the same time, but finally bloomed with the advent of the lion's terrace after 1841. Economic and library buildings built from 1841 to 1846

All the work on the construction and interior decoration of the palace was not performed by foreigners, but ordinary Russians and Ukrainian masters, mainly fortress Vorontsov. Very much worked here by Vladimir Kamenotesov, has long been known to build up white-named cathedrals and carved complex ornamental patterns on the stone.

Almost all Votchin Vorontsova - from the northern regions and Ukrainian lands, the serfs were raped into the Crimea. Many voluntarily walked here in the hope of earnings. By the beginning of the XIX century, the fortress northern estates of Vorontsov were translated into monetary marks instead of the barbecue. In search of earnings, they went on foot from Central Russia to Crimea. But their hopes were in vain. They received an insignificant amount from which the lifts should have been paid. Money lacked on bread. Working to exhaustion, people lived in the injury.

At the construction of the Vorontsov Palace twice in 1833 and 1837, epidemics broke out that thousands of builders in the grave.

Due to the lack of archival data, it is difficult to establish a precise number of serfs, for 18 years the palace of the palace, but it is undoubted that several thousand people worked here.

Unfortunately, very few builder names reached us. It is known that serfs from the Vladimir province worked here: Kamenotes Dmitry Borovkov, Gardener Maxim Ivanov, Kamnerisez Yermolai Ivanov, who fulfilled the Trylby fountain and one of the cascading fountains at the southern entrance to the palace.

After the death of Vorontsov, the palace belonged to his son, then far from the relatives of Vorontsov - Vorontsov-Dashkov, rich Russian nobles. After the events of 1917, the palace became "People" and was nationalized. In 1921, a historical and household museum was opened here, supplemented by objects of art and life of other palaces and aristocratic estates of the southern coast of Crimea.

During World War II, the resort could lose his main attraction of Alupka. The soldiers of the German army wanted to blow up the palace, but did not have time. In the spring of 1945, an English delegation was accommodated in the Palace to participate in the Yalta Conference. In 1956, the Museum of Fine Arts opens, which became two years later by the architectural and artistic palace-museum acting to this day.

Currently, the museum occupies Central, Shuvalovsky, table, household and library buildings of the palace complex. You can visit the following exhibitions and exposures: Paradinary halls and southern terraces, exhibitions "Dar Professor V.N. Golubev "," Paris Archive "," Cabinet Count I.I. Vorontsova-Dashkov "," Cabinet of the Commandant of the State Dacha, "Ukrainian Painting", "House of Count A.P. Shuvalova "" Flowers in painting "and" Vorontsovsky cuisine ".

In 1823, the Governor-General of the Novorossiysk Territory, which at the time was included in Crimea, becomes the hero of the Patriotic War of 1812, Count Mikhail Semenovich Vorontsov. Crimea's development is obliged to many volitional and energetic person. Under its beginning, a highway is built on the southern coast of the Crimea, the agricultural and especially the winery industry receives rapid development, the number of industrial enterprises is growing rapidly. In 1828, the history of the Black Sea Shipping Company begins. In the same years, the Count actively buys land from the local Tatar population and dreams of creating his palace.

The construction of the palace continued for 20 years.

After death in 1829, Thomas Charisson in 1831, Count Vorontsov unexpectedly manages to stop the construction of the palace and radically change the style of the neoclassical style of the palace. The count invites one of the talented architect of that time - Edward Blora. According to the appearance of the architect, the palace is built in the style of English Gothic. In the same year, the construction of the main building begins. Diabases - Mountain breed of volcanic origin served as a building material for the construction of walls. The deposits of this stone in abundance are near. Diabases are very difficult to process, but Count Vorontsov does not stop it, because he was a richest man in the country and under his beginning it worked more than 60,000 serfs. Even a sapper battalion, whose soldiers worked on the construction of the terrace on the south side of the facade took part in the earthworks.

Interesting fact: Architect Bhor never visited the construction site. All idea of \u200b\u200bthe terrain, he received from numerous drawings and engraving.

In 1948, the construction of the palace came to an end. The Vorontsov Palace consists of five buildings, decorated with towers, which are connected to each other with a variety of transitions, stairs and courtyards. The architect managed to organically enter the corps elongated from the west to the mountain landscape. Externally, the palace is very much reminded by a generic feudal castle in England.

Interiors Palace

The luxury of his finishing interiors of the Vorontsov Palace is not inferior to the Livadia Palace. The decoration of the rooms is almost completely preserved. Each room, and there are only about 150 of them, has a personal style. The materials that were used in the decoration were reflected in the names of the rooms. Chinese office decorated with the finest rice straw, decor elements embroidered beads and silk. The finish of the Sitz Room is skillfully performed from this tissue. The brightest room of the Vorontsov Palace is a blue living room, the highlight of which is an ornament from stucco in the form of petals and leaves. All of them are about three thousand and each of them is not like another. Separate masterpieces of architectural art are the fireplaces of the Palace. In each room, they are unique and executed from various materials.

Alupkinsky Park

Vorontsov Palace is located on the territory of Alupkinsky Park, which is a pearl landscape design. Created this masterpiece chief gardener of the southern shore of Crimea Karl Antonovich Kebach for 25 years. The park spread on the square of 40 hectares. It grows more than two hundred plants species that were brought from the regions of Northern and South America, Mediterranean. Geographically divided into the upper and Nizhny Park. The park is designed in such a way that it complements the local nature. Three reservoirs are artificially created on the territory of the park.

An interesting fact: To decorate the bottom of the Swan Lake, the Count Vorontsov ordered 20 bags of semi-precious stones, which were delivered on the ship. In sunny weather, they created a light-free game of light.

The landmark of the park is a pile of stones from the frozen magma, thrown by a volcano, in time immemorial, which received the names of "Big Chaos" and "Small Chaos". Also in the park built a large number of fountains.

polyana in Park

Interesting facts about the Vorontsov Palace

The palace owned three generations of Family Vorontsov. The cost of breaking the parks is higher than the construction of the palace itself. For the maintenance of the park in 1910, up to 36,000 rubles was spent, a huge amount for those times. The Vorontsov Palace is one of the first buildings in Russia, where the sewage and water supply were built for the comfort of their accommodation. Since 1921, a museum has been operating in the palace complex. Only after the Great Patriotic War about 10 years, the territory of the Vorontsov Palace was a secret object and there was a cottage for the party leadership. During the Yalta Conference in February 1945, an English delegation led by U. Kherchillem lived in the Vorontsov Palace. Connected with him curious historywhich occurred while walking through the Park Churchill and Stalin. The fact is that the staircase from the facade, which is addressed to the sea, is decorated with sculptures of the dental lions. Churchill, who really liked the sculpture of sleeping lion, said that he was like himself and suggested Stalin to redeem him. To this sentence, Stalin answered with refusal, but he suggested Churchill if he responds to his question correctly, then Stalin will give sleeping lion. "What a finger on hand is the main one?" - Such was the question of Stalin. Churchill replied "Of course index". "Wrong" - replied Stalin and twisted the figure from the fingers, which in the people is called Kukish.