Ship khersones. The frigate almost killed in Ukraine took part in the Black Sea regatta

10.02.2020

HISTORY OF THE SAILING BOAT "KHERSONES"

Sailing training vessel "Chersonesos". Built in Poland at the Lenin Gdansk Shipyard in 1989. It was originally named "Alexander Green", but upon completion of the construction, in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Russia, it was renamed "Chersonesos".

Modern three-masted frigate - ship with full straight sailing rig... It is one of a series of six vessels of the same type (sisterships): "Gift of Mlodziozhi", "Druzhba", "Mir", "Pallada" and "Nadezhda". The vessels of this series are the fastest training sailboats according to the STI (Sail Training International) classification.

In 1997, the sailboat gained fame, becoming the last vessel to sail around Cape Horn under sail, with the engines turned off. The previous sailing vessel of the same class, Cape Horn was sailed in 1949. It was the Pamir barque. Since then, no one has been able to repeat the feat of "Chersonesos". All other large sailing ships were forced to turn on their engines to pass Cape Horn.

The Chilean Association presented the ship with a diploma of passing Cape Horn, the captain of the "Chersonesos" Mikhail Ivanovich Sukhin was awarded the honorary title "Albatross".

In 2003, the hull of the vessel was painted a deep red color, decorated with a strip of sandy-golden ocher along the side and ornaments of the same color at the stern.

From 2006 to 2015, the ship was in a long and forced anchorage in the port of Kerch, for such a long period, due to the lack of funding, the technical condition of the sailboat completely fell into disrepair.

In 2014, the Ministry of Transport of Russia, FSUE "Rosmorport" became the new shipowner of the Khersones sailing vessel.

On October 9, 2015, the Chersonesus fire control station was towed to the Sevastopol branch of the Zvezdochka ship repair station and on December 10, 2015. The repair was completed in June 2016. The ship was returned to its original color. "Khersones" will be based in the port of Sevastopol.

Since August 2016, on the sailing training vessel "Khersones", the admission of cadets of the State Maritime University named after Admiral F.F. Ushakov, branches and other maritime universities of Russia for the passage of the swimming park begins on board.

In September 2016 the sailing ship "Khersones", for the first time since 2006, set off on its maiden voyage and took part in the international sailing regatta "SCF Black Sea Tall Ships Regatta - 2016".

From June 2016 to the present, the ship's captain is Dmitry Sergeevich Teslenko.

About the ship owner: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Rosmorport" promotes the development of marine transport infrastructure Russia and increasing the competitiveness of Russian seaports through the efficient operation, maintenance and development of federal property assigned to the enterprise in seaports... Takes an active part in the implementation of federal target development programs sea transport Russian Federation... Provides services to ensure the safety of navigation in the waters of seaports and on the approaches to them.

The most beautiful selfies - "Chersonese" is one of the most "instagram" objects. But apart from its beauty, "Chersonesos" has many achievements and tasks.

The training sailing vessel "Chersonesos" was built in 1989 in Poland at the Lenin Gdansk shipyard. It was originally named "Alexander Green", but upon completion of the construction, in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Russia, it was renamed "Chersonesos".

The modern three-masted frigate is a ship with full straight sailing armament. In 1997, the sailboat gained fame, becoming the last ship to sail around Cape Horn, with the engines turned off. Since then, no one has been able to repeat the feat of "Chersonesos". The Chilean Association presented the ship with a diploma of passing Cape Horn, the captain of the "Chersonesos" Mikhail Sukhin was awarded the honorary title "Albatross".

In 2014, the Ministry of Transport of Russia, FSUE “Rosmorport” became the new ship owner of the sailing vessel "Khersones".

On October 9, 2015, the Chersonesus control system was towed to the Sevastopol branch of the Zvezdochka central station for repairs and on December 10, 2015 it was docked.

The renovation was completed in June 2016. The ship has been restored to its original color. The shipowner made a decision that the PUS "Khersones" will be based in the port of Sevastopol.

Since August 2016, on the sailing training ship "Khersones" begins to accept on board the cadets of the State Maritime University named after Admiral F.F. Ushakov, branches and other maritime universities of Russia for sailing practice.

In this move, the sailboat took part in the educational and practical expedition "Crimean Around the World-2018" famous traveler Fedor Konyukhov.

On the Yalta Embankment "Chersonesos" appears quite often. Don't miss the opportunity to listen to the boat tour, walk around the deck, admire the mainmast and, of course, take a selfie at sunset ...

The frigate "Chersonese", built to familiarize and train cadets in naval affairs, faced a difficult fate when in the late 80s it left a construction shipyard in Gdansk, Poland. At the end of a quarter of a century, having experienced many exciting adventures and tragic events, this magnificent ship was revived and is a training ground for the State Medical University named after Admiral F.F. Ushakov. The assigned address of "Chersonesos" is the resort town of Sochi.

The construction of the future "Chersonesus" was based on samples sailing ships the beginning of the XX century by the ministerial order, as well as a number of sailing ships (sisterships), designed by the designer Sigmund Horen. These frigates, with full sailing equipment, are currently generally recognized as the fastest ships focused on the training of future sailors. A feature of this type of vessel is manual control of 26 sails, which provide the main movement for the ship.

Remarkably that the frigate had originally a completely different name "Alexander Green". The name of the ship "Chersonesos" was given a little later and has a religious and political connotation, as it is directly related to the celebration of the millennial date of the birth of Christianity in Russian lands. Chersonesos was the city where the Kiev prince Vladimir adopted the Christian faith.

The frigate "Chersonese" is a world-famous ship that has in its history a huge achievement of our time. "Chersonesus" under full sails and with the engines turned off goes round the South American extremity - Cape Horn, in 1997, having sailed from The Pacific to the Atlantic. A similar result, shown in 1949, is the same type of destination "Pamir". The captain in charge of the detour, M.I. Sukhina, has an international naval title "Albatross". All attempts of other similar ships to make the way of "Chersonesos" were not crowned with success, they could not avoid switching on the mechanisms in order to overcome this difficult area.

In a difficult politically time, in 1991, "Chersonesos" went to Ukraine, and was on the balance of Kerch and for 15 years it was used as a cruise ship, leased by the German company "Inmaris". The ship went to sea cruises with German tourists and cadets along European and African coasts. During the period of operation, the German company restored the ship and repainted it in a more catchy bright red with a golden stripe. And since 2006, after disagreements with the Ukrainian authorities and Inmaris, Chersonesos stood and rotted in the Kerch sediment basin.

The sailboat died, becoming unnecessary scrap metal, all timid attempts to bring the frigate back to life were unsuccessful. Enthusiasts from the ship's crew took care of the ship as best they could, but their strength was not enough. The ship was brutally plundered, not only some parts of the ship and equipment disappeared, but also the prizes won by the frigate's team in many international competitions.

But with the reunification of Crimea with Russia, life returns to the sailing ship. After several unsuccessful attempts, "Chersonesos" was nevertheless towed to the place of restoration and revived in even greater grandeur. And now it continues to serve the Motherland as a school for future sailors. The first cadets entered the ship's ladder in August 2016, at the same time the ship was consecrated. In the same year, the ship again took part in the international yacht regatta.

Currently, the sailing ship regularly hosts "days open gangway»In the cities visited by the frigate. Guests can get acquainted with all the historical twists and turns, life and structure of the legendary "Chersonesos".

During its rich life, the sailing ship "Chersonesus" went through many storms, participated in international yachting and sailing competitions and European festivals, changed colors to bright red and regained its former famous appearance. Dying for 10 years, "Chersonesos" rose from the ruins and regained its original function of a training base for future sailors. Here is such a difficult, but ultimately happy story of one of the many legendary ships owned by Russia.

Let's review sailing ships in Russia!

No problem!

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1. Barque "Sedov"

Crew of 54 sailors, 146 cadets. She is the world's largest sailing training vessel.

Home port - Murmansk.

In 2012, the Sedov embarked on its first round-the-world voyage lasting over 13 months.

In 2015, the sailboat made an expedition dedicated to the 70th anniversary of the Victory in the Great Patriotic War visiting different ports of Europe.

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2. Barque "Kruzenshtern"

Crew of 70 sailors, 120 cadets.

Home port - Kaliningrad.

"Kruzenshtern" refers to the so-called "windjammers". The name "windjammer" comes from the English "to jam the wind", which means "to squeeze the wind", in the sense that the sailboats of this series were the fastest, they seemed to squeeze all the speed out of the wind.

In 2005-2006 the barque "Kruzenshtern" made a circumnavigation of the world.

From December 25, 2013 to February 6, 2014 "Kruzenshtern" made the transition from Baltic Sea(from the home port) to the Black Sea and moored in the port of Sochi, becoming for the time one of the tourist attractions of the Winter Olympic Games.

On November 4, 2015, the barque "Kruzenshtern", having entered St. Petersburg, completed a historical and memorial expedition dedicated to the 70th anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War. During the expedition, the bark visited 11 countries and covered 29 thousand nautical miles.

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3. Frigate "Pallada"

Launched in 1989. Displacement - 2284 tons, sail area - 2771 m2.

Crew of 51 sailors, 144 cadets.

Home port - Vladivostok.

In 2007-2008 the frigate "Pallada" made a round-the-world voyage, visited 19 foreign ports.

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4. Frigate "Hope"

Crew of 43 sailors, 122 cadets.

Home port - Vladivostok.

In 2003-2004 the frigate "Nadezhda" made a round-the-world voyage.

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5. Frigate "Mir"

Launched in 1987. Displacement - 2247.3 tons, sail area - 2771 m2.

Crew of 49 sailors, 144 cadets.

Throughout its history, the ship has participated in 24 sailing regattas, among which it won 20 victories. Sailing ship "Mir" has the status of the fastest sailing ship in the world! His record broke all previous ones: under sail, the ship accelerated to a speed of 21 knots (which corresponds to 38.9 km / h).

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6. Frigate "Chersonese"

Crew of 44 sailors, 72 cadets.

Home port - Sevastopol.

"Chersonesos" is the only ship in the world that over the past 100 years has circled Cape Horn ( South America) without using engines - only on sails. Among sailors, this is considered a real feat. In 1997, the Chilean Association awarded the ship with a diploma of passing Cape Horn, and the captain of the Chersonesos, Mikhail Ivanovich Sukhin, was awarded the worldwide honorary title of Albatross.

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7. Two-masted schooner "Young Baltiets"

The vessel was launched in 1989. Displacement - 441 tons, sail area - 500 m².

Crew of 51 people, including 32 cadets.

Home port - St. Petersburg.

During its existence, "Young Baltiets" took part in many regattas and sailing holidays.

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8. The battleship "Goto Predestination"

Displacement - 1500 tons, sail area 870-1500 m2

Home port - Voronezh.

It is a working exact copy of the first battleship of the Russian fleet "Goto Predestination". The vessel is equipped with 32 guns of various calibers.

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9. Battleship "Poltava"

An under construction replica of the sailing ship of the line, launched in 1712. Laid down on May 2, 2013. Launching and completion of construction is scheduled for 2017. "Poltava" will not be equipped with any engines and will be able to rely only on sailing equipment, but, according to the calculations of the foreman of the builders Andrei Bredov, its specifications will even allow you to travel around the world.

Displacement 1200 tons.

"Poltava" - Russian 54-gun sailing battleship launched on June 15 (26), 1712 from the slipway of the St. Petersburg Admiralty. Peter I personally took part in the construction of the ship.

The ship got its name in honor of the important victory won by the Russian army over the Swedes in the Battle of Poltava, and became the first battleship laid down and built in the St. Petersburg Admiralty.

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10. Frigate "Standart"

A working copy of the Russian historical frigate "Standart" from the times of Peter the Great.

Home port - St. Petersburg.

In the history of any fleet, there are symbolic ships that play an extremely important psychological role. The Baltic Fleet is no exception. The handsome sailing ships "Ingermanland" and "Poltava" will forever remain in the memory of descendants. But even in this brilliant row, the first-born ship, the frigate Shtandart, built for the newly created Baltic Fleet by Peter I, stands out.

The author of the 28-gun Shtandart project was Peter I. himself. After a trip to the Netherlands and England, he designed the ship himself, combining the design features of sailing ships from both European countries and adding his talent as a shipbuilder.

The frigate, launched on September 8, 1703, became the strongest combat unit of the fleet and the deserved pride of the tsar.

The frigate Khersones took part in the SCF Black Sea Large Sailing Ships Regatta 2016. Few believed that the training sailboat could be restored after 10 years of inactivity and slow destruction. But it happened. Correspondent of "Lenta.ru" together with "Khersones" passed the second stage of the Black Sea regatta from Novorossiysk to Sochi, in the conditions of a real race and a storm he got acquainted with the crew members and the captain of the ship Dmitry Teslenko.

Large sailboats

Large sailboats are piece goods. There are very few of them left in the world. Maintaining a large sailboat is a prestigious, but also expensive pleasure, which not every country with access to the sea can afford. In the USSR, the fleet training sailboats was one of the best in the world both in the composition of the ships and in their quality. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, three large sailing ships (barque "Tovarish", frigates "Chersonesos" and "Druzhba") went to Ukraine. Russia got the barges "Sedov" and "Kruzenshtern" and three frigates "Mir", "Nadezhda" and "Pallada".

All five Russian large sailing ships are alive and well - they sail on the seas and oceans, please the eye, participate in regattas, and cadets of Russian sailors are constantly practicing on them. But the fate of the Ukrainian sailing ships turned out to be sad.

Barque "Comrade" (Kherson) fell into complete disrepair, after long and painful negotiations was bought out by a group of German enthusiasts and turned into a floating museum in the city of Stralsund, which was its original home port (in 1933).

The frigate "Friendship" (Odessa) in 1992 was converted into a cruise yacht, took tourists from Barcelona to Balearic Islands, gradually fell into disrepair and for 12 years now has been laid up in the Military Harbor of Odessa. To save a sailboat, immediate and significant investments are needed, but its owners have neither money nor desire.

The frigate "Khersones" (Kerch) has been laid up in Kerch since 2006, where it grew into the silt, fell apart and was plundered. In the spring of 2014, the sailboat, along with its home port and everything Crimean peninsula became part of Russia. In September 2016, for the first time in 10 years, Khersones went to sea to take part in the SCF Black Sea Regatta of Large Sailing Ships 2016.

History of the frigate "Chersonesos"

The three-masted training frigate "Khersones" is the third of five sailing ships of the same type ordered by The Soviet Union from Poland. The prototype for the entire series was "Gift of Youth" (home port - Gdynia), launched in 1982. By the way, the Polish frigate continues to be actively used and has repeatedly met the author in different ports of the world.

Initially, it was planned to name the new frigate "Alexander Green", but it was launched as "Chersonesos", in honor of the 1000th anniversary of the Baptism of Rus. One of those who hosted the sailing ship in 1989 in Gdansk was the current sailing boatswain of the "Chersonesus" Stanislav Maksimenko:

The ship was built at the famous Lenin shipyard in Gdansk. Now she is gone. Once we entered Gdansk, I wanted to go to the factory, but I couldn't even find a place. We then took part in everything ourselves: when the car was installed, and when the masts were erected, the tanks were boiled down, cabins, plumbing were made ..., in general, we took the ship in parts and all as a whole.

Training three-masted frigate "Khersones"

Year built: 1989, Gdansk, Poland.
Home port: Sevastopol.
Displacement: 2987 tons.
Length: 108.6 meters.
Height of masts: foresail - 49.5, mainsail - 51, mizzen - 46.5 meters.
Nominal number of sails: 26, area - 2770 square meters
Crew: 46 people.
Number of cadets: up to 130 people.

There is a legend among sailors that during the construction of the stern, originally planned for the "Chersonesos", went to the "Mir", which was launched a little earlier (1988). The boatswain categorically rejects this version.

After launching, the vessel was handed over to the Sevastopol PUWP "Atlantika", which operated it until May 1991. The next owner of "Chersonesos" was the Kerch branch of the Kaliningrad Technological Institute of the Fishing Industry and Economy of the former USSR. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, the sailboat ended up in Ukraine, and no one else allocated money for its maintenance. The Kerch Marine Technological Institute, which has become an independent educational institution, entered into an agreement with the German company Inmaris. In exchange for the possibility of commercial operation of the sailboat, the Germans took over most expenses for its repair and maintenance.

From Cape Horn to comatose

For almost fifteen years "Chersonesos" carried German trainees (sea tourists) and Ukrainian cadets around the world.

Up to 90 people took the trainings, sometimes they could not even put all of them, about 10 people remained on the shore, - recalls the boatswain Maksimenko. - We sailed around Europe and around Africa, sailed around Cape Horn.

Image: from the collection of Petr Kamenchenko

Sailing of Cape Horn by "Chersonesos" is another legendary story. Different sources say about this: “no one before,” “for the first time in a hundred years,” and so on.

The truth is that in 1997 the "Chersonesus" really bypassed Cape Horn without turning on the engine, which was done by other sailboats before and after it. But…

Yes, we really went from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic under sail, - says boatswain Maksimenko. - True, in the end the wind completely turned sour, and we barely trudged, and so the world record for the speed of passage would have been ours, it was not enough.

For the passage through Cape Horn, the captain of "Chersonesos" Mikhail Sukhin was awarded an albatross. They say that a wooden albatross was also reinforced on the bow of the sailing ship, but then disappeared somewhere.

In 2000, Inmaris, which was doing well, re-equipped the "Chersonesus": 12-seater cadets' cabins were turned into 4-seater cabins for tourists with toilets and showers, new ventilation and lighting were made, the interior of the ship was refurbished. Later (in 2003) the body was repainted in a memorable red color. The prices for trainees also increased accordingly. For example, in 2005 a 10-day trip from Taormina (Italy) to Istanbul cost from 779 to 2129 euros, depending on the category of the cabin.

German plates on the cabins and other rooms, German navigational books with maps and tables, wall newspapers with many photographs that have survived to this day testify to this period of the sailing ship's life.

In December 2004, the Orange Revolution took place in Ukraine. It took the new government more than a year to lay hands on the sailboat. In March 2006, when the departure for the next voyage was already issued, he was unexpectedly banned from going to sea. "Chersonesus" was sent to suck Kerch port... The German side filed a lawsuit against Ukraine, hoping to return the funds spent on the vessel's re-equipment. The process in the Hague court lasted more than three years, and as a result, Ukraine was ordered to pay 4.8 million euros to Inmaris.

Everything could be even worse, but in the crew of the frigate there were decent people who, all these years, as much as they could, took care of and guarded the ship. The soul of the crew of the sailing ship that fell into a coma was the boatswain of the foremast Zabrodsky. And only when the boatswain fell ill, the "Chersonesos" began to gradually plunder, they took away the navigation equipment, parts of the cars ...

Repair

After the Crimea became part of Russia, "Chersonesos", like two other training sailing frigates "Mir" and "Nadezhda", were transferred to the balance of Rosmorport. In Kerch, there was no way to repair the ship, there was no suitable dock and the necessary facilities. In October 2015, the icebreaker of Rosmorport dragged the Khersones out to sea and took it to Sevastopol, where it was docked at a shipyard.

Everything looked very deplorable ... - says Andrey Ivanov, a sailor of the 1st class, an instructor at the Poltava shipyard (St. Petersburg), who was restoring the Chersonesos in Sevastopol. - The hull was in a terrible state, its Zvezdochka plant was being repaired. They did it perfectly. I like that the boat was really completely disassembled: all the coatings were removed, everything was sandblasted twice. They felt responsible. And when he got off the stocks - fresh paint, fresh deck, new rigging, new crew, new life... As a phoenix bird has risen! Literally lit up!

The renovation took eight months. On June 1, 2016 Rosmorport transferred "Khersones" from the Kerch branch to the Sevastopol branch, the ship changed its registration and the captain.

Video: Andrey Ivanov, sailor 1st class, instructor at the Poltava shipyard (St. Petersburg)

Four boatswains, sailmaster and captain

Captain of "Chersonesos" Dmitry Teslenko tells:

On June 1 I flew in to see what form it was in. I saw a white, painted one in the dock. But, of course, there was still a lot of work: the masts were rusted, the rigging rotted, they removed and put the yards on the berth, they cleaned everything up, removed the rust, cut out and welded through the through rusting, made a propeller-steering group ... week, helped to restore the running rigging. Thank them very much.
- And the team?
- I found a crew of nine people, including my old boatswain, with whom I went for 10 years on the Pallada. The second assistant remained from Kerch, the rest were already recruited in Sevastopol. They found the boatswain, who worked here until 2010, the sailing master stayed, that's probably everyone who knows this ship.
- Did the others have any experience of sailing at all?
- Where from? ... Already before the departure, two young sailors, who went to the Mir and Sedov, came to us as boatswains, like smart guys. So four boatswains know the sails, the sailmaster and me.
- And people who have experience of sailing on yachts can be useful to big sailboats?
“I don’t think they have an understanding of the wind, of course, but they cannot work with sails. They have a completely different style of work, and accordingly their thinking is different.

Abroad? It depends on what ...

Is the team fully staffed now?
- Yes, completely, according to the staffing table.
- What is the task before "Chersonesos", what should be the result?
- We should have a training sailing ship.
- For which educational institution? For the Crimean, Sevastopol, civilian, military?
- For all of Russia. Now we have cadets of the Moscow Institute on board water transport and Sevastopol residents, guys from the Russian State University, Ushakovites, Nakhimovites from different courses. And then they will be from Rostov, Novorossiysk ...
- Where will you go?
- Here for a while.
- Between Sochi and Novorossiysk?
- Across the Black Sea.
- Can you go out into neutral waters?
- There are no neutral waters on the Black Sea, there are economic zones divided between coastal countries.
- But you won't be able to go abroad yet?
- Well, it depends on which country. If to Europe, then in the near future, probably, yes, but I think it will be possible to go to Asia without any problems.
- And how to pass the Bosphorus?
- The Turks are our friends ...
- God forbid! It was said that Putin personally agreed with Erdogan so that the Kruzenshtern would be allowed to the Black Sea regatta without unnecessary extortion.
- So they will agree on us. And then there is Greece, Cyprus, Egypt - all our friends.

Returned home

That is, this whole story with sanctions does not bother you too much? The same Ukraine believes that the sailboat was stolen from her ...
- Not stolen, but returned home.
- How do familiar captains of foreign ships react to your appointment?
- Congratulations, good luck.
- And how did the organizers of the Sails Training react to your participation in the Black Sea regatta, there were no objections on their part?
- On the contrary, they are happy. We were on board, persuading me to go to Varna. They promised to do everything for this. I replied that I cannot yet.
- Wouldn't it be easier to change the name, resell it to another owner, then buy it back and thus legally “clear” the ship?
- I heard there were some such ideas, but they did not do any of this. The port of registration was fundamentally changed from Kerch to Sevastopol, and not to Novorossiysk or Sochi, so that “Chersonesos” would remain and remain in Crimea. It seems to me that this is a very correct decision. Sevastopol is a hero city, its history is closely connected with the Russian sailing fleet, and it should have its own large sailing ship.

We rest in the sea

We go around the frigate. At first glance, everything is clean and beautiful, but with a closer look you can see that somewhere the deck flooring has turned black, somewhere there is not enough sails, and on those that are there are patches ...

What is the current state of the sailboat?
- In the working room. New sails are already waiting for us in Sevastopol. They gave us a lift when we were already leaving, did not have time to pick them up ...
- And the cars?
- Everything is fine with the cars, now we are going through the post-repair timing. Everything is at work. And what is not in work, we will do it upon arrival. The repairs were completed on September 11, and on the same day they went to sea.

Are you tired?
- People worked very hard, of course, fatigue has accumulated, but we are resting at sea. Nobody believed that we would go out, even those who repaired us said that they would not come out until the New Year. But now, come out ...
- And how many cadets are there now?
- 70 people.
- Not a little?
- Few. You need at least 90. 30 people per mast.
- And how does the "Chersonese" feel under sails, what are the sensations?
- It's hard to say yet, we came here under a steep sidewind. The cadets were not prepared, so they set the minimum number of sails. So far we have mastered only two straight sails and two schools: foresail, mainsail, lower topsail and staysail. We are all for the first time.

At its first regatta after the revival, "Chersonesos" showed itself excellently. Under difficult weather conditions - wind in gusts of up to 20 meters per second and excitement of six points - the frigate set all the sails it had and walked third for a long time, letting only Mir and Nadezhda go ahead. The cadets and the team worked perfectly, making almost no mistakes.

There is still a lot of work to be done at Khersones, but the main thing has already been done - the Russian fleet has received another excellent training sailing vessel, and it has a future.