French Lorraine Region (Lorraine). Lorraine - the former region in the north-east of France

The city of Nancy is one of their two main cities in the French region Lorraine, the former capital of the Duchy of Larring. Stanislav Square (Place Stanislas) - cultural Center Cities, a monument of the world heritage, which is protected by UNESCO. Separates the area from the old town of Triumphal Arch.

The arch was erected in honor of the victories of hot Louis XV. The elegant columns on the pedestal are framed by three arches, bas-reliefs and the top tier are crowned with a structure. Decor is followed by the topic of war and world - meaning military victories of Louis XV and successful peace agreements - poses various military battles diplomatic discussions.

St. Stephen's Cathedral

Metz was among the main religious centers of France from ancient times. The mention of Bishop Grigory Turovsky is known that after the ruin of Metsa Gunnna, on April 7, 451, only the Chapel of St. Stephen, built on the site of the ancient sanctuary, was resigned.

The history of the cathedral is far away in the past. From the sources of the VIII century it is known that the bishop of Herrodegang organized construction in the territory of the ancient sanctuary - it was during this period several parts of the temple. In 869, the church was the coronation of Charles II. In the 965-984, the reconstruction of the Cathedral on the means of the kings of Ottone I and Otton II was carried out.

During archaeological excavationsspent in the twentieth century, it was found that the modern cathedral is almost exactly at the site of ancient basilica. And in 1220, it was decided to build a large thing in Metz cathedral In honor of St. Stephen. Since then, six construction periods have passed, and the duration of the work was almost 300 years. Consecration of the new cathedral took place on April 11, 1552.

St. Stephen's Cathedral is a magnificent model of gothic architecture. His facades are decorated with sculptures and carvings. Due to its size, the cathedral is among the largest in France. However, its main attraction is the luxurious stained glass windows of the XIV and XVI centuries - it is here that the largest in the square is a collection of stained glass windows of France. Among them - and 19 stained glass works Mark Stegal.

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Esplanade

Esplanada (Esplanade de Metz) - a city garden, located in Metz to the west of the quarter of the Metz Center on the spot, where there were ancient defensive rs, covered in 1816 during urban planning works. Next to Esplanda are the Palace of Justice, Chapel of Thampers, St. Peter's Basilica, School of Fine Arts.

Beautiful alleys of Lip and Chestnuts surround the picturesque central part Garden, where blooming flower beds and fountain are located. Esplanada decorate the sculptures of artists - representatives of the Metsk school: Naiada and the statue of Marshal Neiya, the bronze horse of the famous Christophe Frathen. Here you can also see the sculpture of the field of the Vilna and Soldier-Liberator, the hero of the First World War.

Esplanade is not just a beautiful garden for walking, but a historically important place of the city, as well as a platform where an active cultural life is going. In February-March, Foire de Carnaval Fair is held here, in the summer - literary festival é t du livre. At the end of summer, the Esplanade celebrates the feast of the plum of Mirabel - the real symbol of Mets. In winter, the Christmas market is unfolding here and pour the rink.

The Mosel River flows through the territory of Luxembourg, Germany and France. Its length reaches five hundred forty-four kilometers. Square of the Basin River Moselle - 28286 square kilometers. This reservoir takes its beginning on the slopes of the elevation of the balloon de elzas. Below it passes through a narrow, deep and winding valley. Near the city of Koblenz, the river flows into the Rhine. The main tributaries of the River - Awerle, River and Saar.

Usually from November to March, floods often occur in March.

On the river there are the following large settlements: Trier, Koblenz, Metz and Nancy.

The Mosel River is almost completely shipping.

The river built several gateways and hydroelectric power plants. The reservoir intersects the Rhine Marne canal, and also has a connection to the eastern canal with the Sonna River.

The Valley of the Moselle River is considered a venue of winemaking. This is the oldest wine area of \u200b\u200bFrance. Most of The products made here goes to export.

German gate

The gate of the Germans is the only fragment of the Metric urban fortifications to this day. December 3, 1966 they were included in the list historical monuments. Once the gates equipped with towers and teeth were part of the stone bridge over the village river. The gate was received in honor of the Knights of the Teutonic Order, whose hospital was located nearby.

The construction of urban fortifications began here in 1230, and in 1445, the gate consisted of two round towers, the architectural appearance of which was sufficiently strict, devoid of a large number of decorative elements, eliminating a small amount of zoomorphic images, was built to control the movement along the bridge. Only this part of the fortress wall reached this day, the total length of which reached seven kilometers, and the thickness is 3.5 meters. The arch of the XVI century has been preserved on the arch, which preserved the mention of the initiators of construction and architect.

House Zhanna D'arkk

In the east of France, in the small village of Domremi, the French heroine was born on January 6, 1412, a French heroine with a world name and St. Jeanne D`ark. In where it comes from, there is no doubt. First, at the interrogation in her case, she clearly answered that he was born in the northern part of the village of Domremi, referred to grett City. Secondly, there are documents of various times and the testimony of people, testifying that Jeanne D'Arch spent his orphanage in the village of Domremi. To this day, a miracle was preserved a family house D'Arch, in which there lived a future heroine of France.

A small house that was eager on the street Moulin, and now on the street Basil, has only 4 rooms over which the big attic is located with the window. On the first floor, at the site of the appearance of Jeanne, it is the bronze statue of Zhanna - a gift of princess Marie Orleans. The house was restored several times. After the death of Zhanna, her relatives lived in it. In 1829, her last descendant died, who left the municipality home to turn him into the museum.

In front of the house, in the one where Zhanna himself was born, in the XVI century there were wall paintings of a small Orleans Virgin. To this day, unfortunately, they are not preserved.

Saint Sirk-Lapopy

St. Sirk-Lapopy is one of the most picturesque settlements of France, which even won the television competition as the most beautiful village countries. It is built on a sheer cliff at an altitude of 100 meters above the river. This is actually a museum under open skyin which the original architecture of the late Middle Ages has been preserved. Life is very unusual here.

Village Measures Gilles Hardoweld holds politics aimed at preserving the original lifestyle. The influx of tourists imposes a certain imprint on the daily lives of local residents, but despite this an old atmosphere takes his own. Saint-Sirk Lapopy is built on a rock and each narrow street consists of a variety of steps. You will not find a single store here, because all the products bring on special machines. But restaurants here are enough. One of the most popular is called La Tonnelle.

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Cheese House in Münster Valley

Cheese house in Münster Valley, located near the French town Münster, is a popular agro-tourist complex. It was created on the initiative of local farmers interested in the continuation of the traditions of the dawnings, which were laid in this area in the 10th century by Italian monks. The name of the famous Münster cheese, which is produced in this area of \u200b\u200bFrance, is translated from Latin as a "monastery".

In the House of Cheese, visitors will get acquainted with the technology of production of Münster cheese and, of course, will be treated with a finished product. It will also be interesting to know what time of the year the most delicious cheese is obtained. The complex has a restaurant that works at lunchtime. Its open terrace offers a beautiful view of the terrain. You can buy Münster cheese for yourself and as a gift in a shop, located here, on the territory of the agro-complex.

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Laurage, more known as Lorraine - historical region France, the administrative center of which is currently being. This region has many differences from the rest of France.An important role in this was played by many factors: geographical position, history and culture.

Geographical location of Lorraine has its own characteristics

This is the only region of France, which borders immediately with three states: Germany, Belgium and Duchy of Luxembourg. Lorein is at the intersection of the Möz Rivers and Moselle. It includes the departments of Möz, Mört and Moselle, Moselle and Vozh (which for some reason in Russia, is called Waughty). These places are rich in dense forests, hills, purest lakes. Here is a convenient transport link, you can quickly get from one area to another by train or bus.

The proximity immediately to several states have a lot to the historical events of Lorein.

History of Lorarden

Lorraine has common borders With three states. And these borders in the past have changed quite strongly, because Between France and Germany, there were long and fierce wars for the right to possession of this territory. Periodically, Lorraine is partially, it completely fell to the power of Germany, then under the power of France.

The capital of Duchy of Lotaring from the 12th century was, and then the province of Lorraine. In the historical literature, NATIONS is mentioned since the 8th century. This city was constantly turned out to be the center of the opposition. Since 1766, after the death of Stanislav Leschinsky, the testa of Louis 15, the city finally entered into France.

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Since Nancy, like almost all Lorraine, regularly turned out to be in Germany, then in France, the influence of both these countries on this region is very large. The name Lorein is French, Lorraine - German, but it is under this title that the whole world knows this place. Here, quite a long time, the overwhelming majority of the population spoke German, but when in the 19th century introduced a mandatory education for everyone, the schools were opened only in French, and quite quickly the population was mostly French-speaking.

Architecture in Nancy is mostly classic French houses with beautiful balconies and window shutters. Here, in the historic part of the city, the Square of Stanislas is located, it is considered one of the most beautiful in Europe.

There are really there, to what to see: The magnificent imperial palace-beautiful sample of the classicism of the 18th century, consisting of several buildings that limit the area from three sides, in the heart of the square, a monument to Stanislas on a high pedestal, opposite the main building of the beautiful arch, behind which is beautiful The alley surrounded by snow-white lamps, the buildings on the square itself are connected by openwork black and gold grids with fountains of the local master (which residents of Nancy are very proud of) working to the coldests.

Currently, museums settled in the halls of these buildings in which exhibitions of modern artists are regularly held. It is worth noting that these exhibitions are always huge queues. Also in historical interiors with painted vaulted ceilings, very atmospheric restaurants and cafes work in which you can taste the freshest traditional French croissants. Behind the square is located famous with interesting forged arbors, clocks from living flowers, sparkling carousels, large and small monuments and English gardens of roses.

Huge attention in the Catholic country, of course, was given to temples. In Nancy perfectly preserved beautiful cathedralsrich in both the inner and external decor. This is usually the most high buildings In the city, not counting the high-altitude modern hotel right behind the building of the Old Station in the city center, which spoils a general view. In addition, there are many old and modern monuments, busts, stele. All of them perfectly complement the facades of the city.

Non-intended natural beauty and picturesque historical cities make Lorraining an ideal area for study.

His former capital of Nancy is located in the eastern part of France, surrounded by the Maas Valley and Moselle, sandwiched between Champagne and the Mountains of Veges. The steep fittings are covered with forests of hills, and quiet alpine lakes are quenched with attractive resorts, such as Gerargema.

There are also traditional resorts, including the city of Vittel and Ben-les-Ben. Created in the 18th and 19th centuries these resorts visits the Higher Society of Europe to plunge into the healing water. Today, tourists can enjoy the relaxing atmosphere and the classic beauty of the resorts of Lorraine, its monuments of nature, culture and rich cities.

Former capital Lorraine is historical citywhich is famous for its magnificent 18th century architecture in the Baroque style. The elegant main square Stanislas is surrounded by impressive palaces, including a hotel de Ville (Town Hall with balconies and balustrades). The most characteristic feature of the area is the magnificent gold-plated wrist railing at the ends of the streets and the Fontans Neptune and Amphitrite.

Another tourist attraction is the Museum of Fine Arts, which has a remarkable collection of European painting of the 16th-20th centuries, along with contemporary art.

The Palace of the Dukes of Lorraine is the most important secular building of the late afternoon period in Lorraine and now there is a historical museum with a collection of archeology, medieval sculpture and traditional folk crafts. The Nancy School Museum occupies a Modern Villa and is a collection of glass, furniture and jewelry.

Metz has ancient history Starting with Roman times. In the 6th century he was the residence of the Kings of Meroving and later became free imperial city. Scenic city It is characterized by its cobbled and narrow streets and charming old houses. At Place d'Armes is the hotel de Ville (18th century Town Hall) and the Cathedral of Saint-Etienne. This impressive yellow sandstone cathedral was built between 1250 and 1380, who were previously from the Church of Notre Dame-La Rond.

A huge, 42-meter height with a pole, the cathedral has magnificent stained glass windows, the interior and the overwhelming effect of the majestic Gothic temple. It is also worth visiting the Museum of Art and Stories, which contains Gallo Roman archaeological finds and examples of medieval religious art and architecture. The Esplanada City Garden has a wonderful terrace, which offers a beautiful view of the Valley of Moselle and Mont-Saint-Cantne.

Located at the top of the Valley of the Moselle, Tul was an important city in the Middle Ages and until 1648 was a free imperial city. The city itself is still surrounded by the walls of the 17th century with a four goal. His Cathedral of Saint-Etienne was built in 13-14 centuries. It has a front gothic facade and a doorway in the Renaissance style. To the southwest of the Cathedral is the Church of the Saint-Walt, built from 13 to 16th century.

This church is a reduced and simplified version of the cathedral. Its features are the exquisite stained glass windows of the 13th century and the 16th century a monastery having an elegant bright style. On Général-Gengoult Street there are a number of historic buildings dating back to the 14th century. Another remarkable landmark of the city is a de Ville Hotel, a city hall that occupies former palace Bishop.

Surrounded by a fortress mountain, the ancient walls of the city of Verden are at an important crossroads of the road in and were one of the strongest fortresses during the First World War. The city was the place of the terrifying battle and the bronze sculpture of Roden in front of the port of Saint-Paul marks this event.

There is also a military museum and a memorial on Quai De La République Quay. Both sides of the Maas River are places of battles of the First World War. Other remarkable monuments in Verden are the Cathedral, City Gate, Port Highway and Port Chateel, who entered the defense of the city.

The picturesque lake edge in the vehicles and the popular resort of Gerarmer is located at an altitude of about 1000 meters. With his pristine alpine terrain and excellent tourist infrastructure Gerarhma attracts nature lovers and active types of rest throughout the year.

In summer, the expansive Lake Gerarge comes to life with various water species Sports, including sailing and canoeing. In the area also there hiking, mountain biking and cycling routes of various abilities, from beginners to advanced.

Station de trail contains detailed maps pedestrian routes. There are also GPS walks for high-tech slopes. For contesions there is an opportunity to do horse riding. In winter, Gerarchme is a mountain and cross-country skiing place.

Little town Vittel was one of the most popular resorts Lorraine from the mid-19th century, and his reputation of the resort city dates back to Roman times. Water in the city with four cold mineral sourceswhich are used in the treatment of various health disorders.

Local water is also sold like drinking water in France. The city of the Vittel himself has an atmosphere of the resort and satisfies the needs of visitor leisure. There are luxurious parks, golf courses and hippodrome. The architectural landmark is the church of Saint-Remy Late Gothic period.

The tweeter is also a good base for the start of mastering other natural objects in the surrounding area. Approximately 45 minutes from the city is one more famous resort Ben-le-Ben. It has 11. natural sourceswhich are used since the Roman Empire.

Saint-Miyel

The city of Saint-Miyel (or Saint-Michel) is located around the Benedictine abbey founded in 709. He was one of the main cities of Baroa County. Here was born sculptor Licking Rice (1500-1567) and some of his works can be seen in the local church. One of the best works Rice is in one of the chapel of the Saint-Michel church, which was founded in the 12th century.

French Lorraine Region (Lorraine) is a province located in the northeast of France. The official administrative center of the region is metz City , in which the regional parliament is located.

The total population of the region is 2,350,657 people. The province on the coat of arms shows a shield, in the gold field of which a wormal digestion, burdened with three aericions.

Lorraine Square is 23,547 square kilometers. Numerous rivers flow through it, among which the most famous mez (Maas) and Moselle. Lorraine is the only one french region, bordering three foreign states in Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany.

The French Region Lorraine (Lorraine) has long been the subject of discord and a territorial dispute between France and Germany, which greatly influenced the culture and history of the entire region. Modern Lorraine combines all the best features of the French and German presence, which it acquired in the process of centuries-old history, including in the times of German occupation.

Especially the German trail is noticeable in the architectural order of development settlements, as well as in the linguistic feature of the controversial land. Directly in Lorraine, the Language Border passes: in the east, they speak mainly in German, and in the West use, as a rule, French.

HISTORY OF THE REGION LARINARGIY

The current region of Lorraine in the area is significantly inferior to medieval duke of Lorraine, but superior to a later historical province. In addition to this province, it includes the areas of the former provinces of Baroa and Troua-Evese.

During all the many years of history, the border of modern Lorraine changed repeatedly. So in 843, according to the Verden Treaty, the Unified Frankish state was divided between the three grandsons of Charles Great. One of them - Lotar, became the owner of the territory, stretching from the Fridium to Rome, where Lorraine was also included. In 870, the region received the status of duke, confirmed in 962 by Otten I, according to which it remained as part of the Sacred Roman Empire until 1766.

Throughout the XII-XIII centuries, the Duchy flourished under the leadership of emperors from the Gajenstaofen dynasty, but this development was completed in the XIV century due to cold winters, bad crops and black death. IN epoch Renaissance The region gradually began to recover under the Habsburg authority, which lasted up to the thirty-year war.

In the period from 1766 to 1871, Lorraine remained as part of France, caused for revisionism. The population of the province was mixed, but for the most part was German-speaking. In 1871, part of the region went under the jurisdiction of Germany, which broke up with it only at the end of the First World War; Nevertheless, Larringans did not want to be in its composition, remaining faithful to France.

With the exception of the period of World War II (1940-1944), the region remained French, and local authority strongly prevented the spread german language and culture. French has become the only language in schools. After the wars, the majority of Germans left the area, but even those that remain, do not want the Union with Germany, even on the terms of autonomy.

Culture of the region Lorraine

Most of the inhabitants of the Lorraine region associate and relate themselves to France. Otto Bismarck von Franco-Prussian war attached one third of the territory from today's Lorraine to Germany.

The controversial third, also known as Mosel, had a difficult classification culture, as there were both Romanesque and German dialects. The latter are preserved in the northern part of the region.

Like most other regional languages \u200b\u200bof France (Breton, West Flemish Dealer, Provencal and Alsace), local dialects were largely replaced by French, starting with the emergence of compulsory general education in the XIX-XX centuries.

However, there are a number of projects for their preservation (the use of bilingual designation in the case of a German dialect and the creation of language classes for young children), and many older people continue to speak on them.

Sights of Lorarden

In fact, Lorrargania is located on the territory of a lively transportation, bordering Germany, Belgium and Duchy of Luxembourg. It is worth noting that in this french province The metallurgical industry is very developed, but this does not significantly affect the environment in the region.

The historic center of Lorraine is considered the city of Metz, where you can see world-famous attractions , such as Malbruck Castle and st. Stephen's Cathedral As well as many monastery complexes that have survived to this day.

As for other popular tourist and excursion places Lorraine, then among them it is worth highlighting Square Stanislav (city of Nancy), Abbey Gorz (15 kilometers south-west of Mets) and the Abbey of St. Victory (Shamber Island).

It should also be noted that the flourishing of most cities and settlements of Lorrainee was sent to the year before last, but many monuments of the cultural and architectural heritage of the region failed to survive the complex milestones of European history.

Lorraine was touched by both world wars, in which over half of the entire civilizational heritage was lost. Many buildings were restored after the war from scratch and carefully protected by government and citizens. Main cities in the region: Verden, Nancy and Epinal.

Lorraine (Lorraine) is a region in the east of France, in the Moselle River Basin. On the territory of Lorraine, the Merrt and Moselle departments are located, Mesos, Moselle, Veges. Region area - 23.5 thousand square meters. km. Population of 3.3 million people (1992). Main cities - Nancy and Metz.

Metz. Cathedral of Saint-Eten. 13-14 centuries.

Lorraine is the main iron ore and metallurgical base of France. On the territory of Lorraine, mainly on the left bank of the River Moselle, is the largest in Western Europe Larring Ironing basin (Jurassic age related to the sea sedimentary type with oolithic ores). The main centers of the iron ore industry - the city of Bris, Tionville, Longwi. Near the border with Germany there is a Moselle coal pool - the continuation of the Saaro coal basin (refers to a limited type with a high agedness; coality is confined mainly to the Westphalian tier). Here are prevailing coke, gas and long-wave marks of coal. There are about a third of the nationwide coal mining in France on Lorrain. The main centers of the coal industry - Forkak, Merlebak, Pvselel. In the area of \u200b\u200bNATIONS, a stone salt is mining.

Lorraine produces two thirds of cast iron and more than half of the steel in France. Metallurgical plants are placed mostly in the valleys of the Moselle rivers, Orn, Fench, Shir and Rudnikov. Main centers of metalworking - Nancy, Tionville, Luneville; Their main products are metal structures, equipment for the mountain, metallurgical industry, agricultural machines, vehicles, Electrical products. The forest processing and textile industry is developed in the veins. To the roma, in Lorraine, enterprises of the chemical and oil refining industries. In agriculture, grain, sugar beets, potatoes are grown, and meat and dairy farming developed. The territory of Lorraine has an important transport value. The Marna Rhine canal provides a water bond of Lorraine with Paris, Alsace, and the Moselle River - with a rome.

Lorraine originated during the collapse of the Frank state after Lotter's death. In 855, it included a wide lane of land on the average and lower flow of the Rhine from the Alps to the North Sea. The first king of the new state was Lothar II (855-869). His name and gave the name of Lorraine. According to the Mercedian Treaty of 870, it was divided between the West-Frankish and East-Frankish kingdoms, in 895 restored and again abolished in 900 year.

In 925, Lorraine as Duchy became part of the German kingdom. In 959, it was divided into two dukes: Lower Lorraine (Lower Rhine Lower Lower) and Upper Lorraine (Valley of the River Moselle). Duchy of Lower Lorraine in the 11th and 2nd centuries broke into the counties of Louven (Brabant from the end of 12 century), Namur, Limburg. The Ducal title began to wear the rulers of Brabant. The territory of Lower Lorraine entered into the future of Belgium and the Netherlands.

From the 12th century, the Duchy of the Upper Lorraine begins to be called actually Lorraine. At this time in this region, its apogee achieves feudal fragmentation. In the hands of Larring Dukes, a small territory was left with the center of Nancy. Despite the formal submission of the Lorraine of the Holy Roman Empire, the economic, political, cultural connections with France increased from the 13th century, and repeatedly the Duke of Lorraine recognized themselves by French vassals. French influence increased from the end of the 15th century, after the Burgundy wars 1474-1477. Since the end of the 15th century, Lotaring Dukes: Rena II (rules in 1473-1508) and Antoine (rules in 1508-1544) managed to restore its power over the lands in the Swimming pool of the Moselle and Maasa (including the duke of the Bar in 1480, Valemon County in 1485 ) And to actually subjugate the bishop of Mets, Tul, Verden.

From the second half of the 16th century, the accession of Larring Lands in France began: in 1552, Metz were busy, Tul, Verden, in 1633 during the thirty-year-old war, its power spread to the whole territory of Lorraine. According to the Westphalian world of 1648, Metz, Tul and Verden were enshrined in France. In 1697, the duke of Lorraine was restored and became part of the Sacred Roman Empire. The Vienna Mir of 1738 Lorraine was transferred to the life ownership of the former king of the Commonwealth by Stanislav Leschinsky, after whose death (1766), she became part of France as a special province. In 1790, the territory of Lorraine was divided into departments.

In the 19th century, Lorraine turned into one of the most economically developed French regions, became the main iron ore base of the country. In the Frankfurt World of 1871, East Lorraine and the neighboring Elsace with her were attached to Germany, reaching the Earth Elsas-Lorraine. According to the Versailles peace treaty of 1919, these territories are re-transferred to France. In 1940, Lorraine and Alsace annexed fascist Germany, after the defeat of which they were again returned to France.

Lorraine. Nancy. Port of Kruff - Gate of the Old Town.

The city of Nancy for many was the residence of Larring Dukes. One of the main attractions of the city is the ensemble of the quarry area, the royal square and the Stanislav Square, surrounded by a wrought lattice of Jean Lamura. Today Nancy is a major administrative, legal, university, commercial and industrial center of Northeast France.

Lorraine. Nancy. Memorial Desile.

Town of Domremi - the birthplace of France's folk heroine Zhanna D "ARK, which else is called Orleansian virgin. During the century of war, she led the struggle of the French people against the British. In Domremi, the house was stunned, where her family lived. Now this is a home-museum Jeanne. After the First World War, on the border with Germany, the French built a defensive line of Mazhino, which was held through the territory of Lorraine. However, the Magino line did not save France from crushing lesion in 1940.

However, after World War II, the entire economy of Lorraine was modernized. In the region, Citroen and Renault automotive plants were erected. The coal capital of Lorraine City of Forbach is the birthplace of the singer Patricia Kaas, which was born in the mining family. In Lorraine, there is a city of Bakkara - the center of production of crystal. Local soil is saturated with lead, which allows you to do an otnaric crystal. In the city of Bakkara there is a crystal museum.