The autonomous community of Castilla and Leon (Castilla y Leo "N, sometimes Castile - Leon), located in the north-west of Spain, in the northern springs. The landscape of the area is predominantly plain, but most of the territory lies at an altitude of about 600 meters above sea level and away. From him, therefore, the climate here is suspier enough. And nevertheless Castile and Leon today is one of the most important agricultural and, that is important, the wine regions of Spain. Also this cradle Reconquisters, the birthplace of the legendary Side Campaadora (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar - National Hero of Spain) and Teresa de Jesus, the foundation of the first university of the country and the construction of the latter gothic cathedral Spain. If you add to this beautiful landscapes and many unique old cities, it will be clear why this region attracts more tourists from all over the land.
Capital and most big City The area lies in the center of the place, at the confluence of the Pueuuerg and Esgev rivers.
The administrative center of the eponymous province, the city lies on a rocky hill 90 km north-west of Madrid.
The ancient capital of the Kingdom of the same name and modern capital The autonomous region and the province of the same name, the city lies in the north-west of Spain, in the southern spurs of Cantabrian Pyrenees.
The capital of the province of the Autonomous Community of Castile and Leon, a small (only 160 thousand inhabitants), the city is considered the most elegant in Spain.
Around Salamanca worth visiting small city Alba de Tormes (20 km south-east of Salamanca) with his monastery of Convention de Las Carmelitas, founded by Sveti Teresa in 1571; Famous with its oldest walls and dozen Romanesque churches town SAMOR (62 km north of Salamanca), the place of the famous battle of 1476 - the city Toro. (Home Military Citadel Castilian Kings in the North-West of the country), known as "Alhambra Castile" City Tordesillas. (It was here that an agreement was signed on the division of spheres of influence in the new world between Spain and Portugal), one of the largest castles of the region - Castillo de la Moth (XII-XV century) in Medina del Campo, quiet city Ciudad Rodrigo with his old defensive structures and mansions, nature Park De Las Batuekas, as well as scenic mountainous areas of Sierra Pena de Francia (1723 m) with a charming old village La Olberka. (50 km southeast of Siudad Rodrigo), announced by the National Monument.
The administrative center of the province of the same name, lies on the right bank of the Adaho River, halfway between Salamanca and Madrid. This is the most "high-altitude" provincial capital in Spain (1117-1182 m above sea level), as well as one of the oldest cities of the peninsula.
The modest provincial capital is allocated by impressive churches and monasteries.
The capital of the old Castile for almost five hundred years and the Motherland of Sida is notable for its characteristic medieval entourage with an abundance of dark stone and forged lattices. In the vicinity of the city also a lot of interesting facilities - the tiny Westgoth Church of the Ermita de Santa Maria de Lara (VIII century) with its arch and unique sculptural nearby, a small town Kovarrubias. with its picturesque white historical center, Benedictine Abbey Santo Domingo de Silos (XI century) is one of the largest Christian monuments of Spain, the natural park of La Yeshek with his impressive gorge, as well as many old towns on the famous path of fire De Santiago.
Palencia (47 km north of Valladolid) wears a pronounced medieval character - its main decorations are the beautiful Cathedral (XV century) in the style of late Gothic, Palace Palace-episcopal (now the Museum of Church Art) and the Wonderful Archaeological Museum.
20 km north-east of Palencia lies the birthplace of the sculptor Alonso Berroup - town Paredes de Nava, famous for its beautiful restored church of Iglesia-Miseo de Santa Eulalia with a magnificent Romanesque tower.
And the whole series of beautiful stretches stretches medieval castleswho defended the once Christian world from the south, - the famous Coca (1453, is considered the most beautiful in Spain), Castillo de Los Dukhes de Albukek (XV century) in Cullar, Turkino (XV century), Pedras (XVI century), Penafel (1466), Castillo-Foretles-Califel de Gamas (X-XIV centuries, one of the biggest fortifications in Spain), Berland de Duero, as well as the picturesque castle ruins in Sepulved, from which only the Romanesque Church of San Salvador remained. Here, according to the valley of the Duero River, one of the largest wine-making areas of the country stretches - www.riberadelduero.es Ribera del Duero.
During the second republic, this initiative was developed. The development of the legal basis began to create an autonomous region. But this time, the plans were not destined to be embodied: the defeat of the Republicans in the Civil War and the centralization of power in the Epoch of the Board of Franco for a long time, the prospects for finding autonomy. The transition to the democratic form of management, which began after the death of the dictator, was accompanied by an increase in the popularity of nationalist and separatist movements. In Castile and Leone, several socio-political organizations were created on the positions of regionalism. None of these organizations have survived until today. Their ideological successor was the Union of Regionalists of Castile and Leon, formed in 1993. The transition to autonomy began in 1978 and ended five years later.
Castile and Leon: Nature and climate
Today, Castilla and Leon are the largest of the autonomous regions of Spain. It covers an area of \u200b\u200b94,222 km square. Her outlines in general coincide with the outlines of the Douro River basin in Spain in the northern part of the Central Castilian Plateau. It also includes some adjacent valleys, including El Bierzo (Leon) and mountain valleys Lasiyna (Leon), Valle de Mena (Burgos) and Valle del Tierar (Avila). The central Castilian plateau is an elevation, rising at a height of about 800 meters above sea level and surrounded by mountain systems. In the north, the mountainous provinces Palencia and Leon are located, the Burgos Ridges will come out, divided into two parts of Pancordbo's pass, which leads from Castile to the Basque Country. Of these two parts, the northern, relating to the Cantabrian mining system, approaches the city of Burgos.
Eastern and southeastern ridges belong to the Iberian mountain system. In the northeast there are undergoing strong erosion of the mountains of a mast. Most of the local peaks under the action of erosion turned into a dilapidated mountains (Mesas). Society mountain ranges located in the east also belong to the Iberian system. Here is the highest of its vertices - El Monkayo \u200b\u200b(2 314 meters). Sierra de Gata, Sierra de Grados, Sierra de Guadarram and Sierra de Ailon separate the northern regions of the Central Plateau from Castile La Mancia and Madrid.
To the number the largest rivers Castile and Leon include Douro and his influx. Douro's length from his origin in Picos de Urson (Soria) to the mouth, located near the Portuguese city of Porto (Oporto), is 897 kilometers. Right-bank tributaries Douro - Pueuerg, Valderadway and Esla are more fulfilled in comparison with left-bank tributaries - Adoja and Düriton. Not far from Samora in the direction of Douro, who passed on the territory of the park Arriibes del Duero, the border between Spain and Portugal. The most important rivers of Castile and Leon also include Halon, crossing Palencing, Burgos and Sorids and flowing into Ebro, Mino, carrying their waters from Leon to Portugal, and Alagon, which flows in Tahoe. Water arteries played an important role in the development of the region. The capitals of all provinces that are part of Castile and Leon are located on river shores. In the duer pool, there is a large number of lakes, including Laguna-Negra (Picos de Ursy), Laguna-Grande (Grados), Lake Sanabria (SAMOR) and Laguna de la Nava (Palencia). There are several large reservoirs in the region. Despite the relatively small amount of precipitation, the region occupies one of the first places in Spain on the total volume of reservoirs. In Castile and Leone there are many mineral springs.
Reducing the population of agricultural areas is one of the factors that impede the development of animal husbandry. The agricultural enterprises of the region, among which minor farms prevail, feel a steadily growing shortage of labor. Nevertheless, in Castile and Leone, several large livestock farms employed by the breeding of cattle of meat and dairy breeds, pig breeding and sheep breeding are successfully operating. In Castile and Leone, more than 1,500,000 liters of milk are produced annually - according to this indicator the region is inferior only to Galicia. Cattle's livestock has about 1,200 individuals, pigstope of pigs - 2,800,000, the livestock of sheep - 5,425,000. Local farms are also engaged in horse breeding, breeding goats, mules and donkeys. The region annually produces more than 240,000 tons of pork, about 90,000 beef tons, about 66,000 tons of poultry meat, in addition, it ranks first among Spanish areas in terms of wool production (7,500 tons).
The share of industry in regional GDP is 25%. The largest industrial centers of Castile and Leon are owned by Valladolid, Burgos, Aranda de Douro, Leon and Ponferrada. Among the most important sectors of the regional industry, the automotive industry, the paper industry, the chemical industry (Valladolid and Burgos), the food industry (the capital of all provinces), the textile industry (Behar), the production of tiles and bricks (Palencia), the Sugar Industry (Leon, Valladolid, Miranda de -Ebro, Benavent), Pharmaceutical Industry (Leon, Valladolid, Plant GlaxosmithKline in the municipality of Aranda de Douro), Metallurgical and steel industry (Ponferrada), Aerospace industry (Valladolid). Avila province, Palencia and Valladolid export cars and components of the running parts, Burgos and Valladolid Tires, Leon - Steel, Salamanca - Beef, Segovia - Pork, Samora - Mathemia and Goat Meat, Soria - Rubber products. Wines are occupied meaningful place Among export articles. The largest suppliers are located in Valladolid and Samora. Castile and Leon's companies export their products to various countries of the European Union, Turkey, Israel and the United States.
The extractive industry played a prominent role in the regional economy since the Roman Empire, when the "Silver Road" Via del Plata was laid from the Las Medullas deposits and El Bierzo deposits from the Las Medullas deposits. After many centuries, after graduation civil War The extractive industry has once again gained key importance for the development of the region, but in the 1970s a reduction in the production of iron ore, tin and tungsten began. The coal mining (including anthracite production) ensures the needs of local CHP. In the 1980s and 1990s, many Leon mines closed, which led to the rapid growth of unemployment and the next burst of emigration. Despite the investment program, which is implemented within the framework of approved by the regional council for the development of coal mining, the situation in the industry remains difficult. Many hydropower plants were built on Duero and Ebro rivers. HPP of Castile and Leon each year produce 5,417 GWH electricity, NPP - 3,483 GWC, HPP - 16,956 GWC. Santa Maria de Garona NPP, located in the province of Burgos, was commissioned in 1971. Its conclusion is scheduled for 2013. There is more than a hundred wind farms in the region.
Castile and Leon: Tourism and Attractions
In the service sector, tourism plays an important role. The last decade of the twentieth century was a period of rapid development. tourist Industry. The basis of its potential was the historical and architectural attractions and picturesque landscapes of Castile and Leon. Six local attractions are listed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site. These include the path of St. Jacob - a pilgrimage route leading to the city of Santiago de Compostela and crossing the provinces of Burgos, Palencia and Leon. Other World Heritage sites on the territory of Castile and Leon: Cathedral of Burgos, Historical Center and Aqueduct in Segovia, Historical Center and City Wall Avilic, Historic Center Salamanca, Roman Golden Peace Medullas in Leon Province, Caves in the Sierra de Atapuerc Mountains where one of the most ancient traces of the person staying in Europe are found. The most famous sights also belongs to the city of Lerma (Burgos Province), where the residence of the Duke of Lerma was once located.
The construction of the Cathedral in Burgos began by order of the Castilian monarch Ferdinand III and Bishop of Burgos. Construction began in July 1221 on the site of the old Romanesque cathedral. The eastern limit of the cathedral was completed nine years later, the main throne was consecrated in the 1260th. Construction resumed only in two centuries and was completed in 1567. The cathedral is designed in the Gothic style. Architects from France and Germany took part in his design. In 1919, the remains of Campadora Side, the famous Castilian commander and a political figure of the second half of the XI century, the hero of many folklore works were buried on the territory of the Cathedral.
Among the architectural monuments of the Middle Ages, there are many castles, including Alcazar in Segovia, Almenar Castle in Soriy, Arenas-de-San Pedro Castles, Arenalo, Bonilla de la Sierra, Castles of Burgos and Samora, Castle King Castile Enrique II (Siudad Rodrigo), Castinnow Castles, Coca, Caullar, Aguilar de Campoo, El Barco de Avila, Gormas, Fuenadan, La Adrad, Iskar, La Moth, Miranda de Ebro, Mironsillo, Montleon, Montealegre de Campos, Peniafiel, Ponferrada, Portillo, Puebla de Sanabria, Puente del Congosto, Simankas, Torrelaobaton, Turkino, Fuentez de Waldepero, Villavicios.
Other attractions include a cathedral, a diostez museum, St. Benedict Church, St. Michael Church, St. Paul, Savior, Virgin Mary, the Monastery of the Virgin Mary, Monastery of St. Anne, State Museum Sculptures, Museum of Science, Cervantes Museum, Columbus House Museum in Valladolid; Cathedral, Basilica Isidore Seville, Palace de Los Guzazanene and Museum modern art in Leone; Roman aqueduct, Church of St. Martin, St. Stephen, St. Clement, St. Justina, Alcasar's gardens in Segovia; Roman bridge over Carrion, Cathedral of St. Anthony, Church of St. Mikhail Buildings of the XIII century, Church of St. Francis, Archaeological Museum and the building of the Benedictine Monastery in Palencia; Cathedral of the construction of the XII century, architectural ensemble Central Square, the monastery of the Order of Augustinsev, Monastery of St. Stephen, Palace of Monterrey, Tore-del Clavero Tower, Museum of Ar-Nouveau and Ar Deco in Salamanca; City Wall, Cathedral, Church of St. Vichetia, Monastery of St. Thomas (Foma) in Avil; Romanesque confrontation of the XII century, parador, church of the Virgin Mary, St. Magdalene, St. Jacob, city walls in Samora; Town Hall, the ensemble of the main square, the monastery of the Order of the Templars, the Cathedral Church of St. Peter, the Church of St. Dominica in Soria; Basilica of St. John Building VII century in the village of Banos de Serrato.
Transport accessibility of Castile and Leon in recent years has improved significantly, largely due to low cost airlines flying from Valladolid International Airport, located ten kilometers to the north-west of the city in the municipality of Villanubla. The air service connects Valladolid with various regions of Spain, with London, Paris and Brussels. International airports are also located in Salamanca, Leone and Burgos. From Salamanca Airport, which is 15 kilometers from the city, aircraft Flights to Paris, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bthe capital of Balearia Palma de Mallorca, as well as the Canary Islands on Lanzarote Island and to Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Burgos International Airport was commissioned in 2008. It is located four kilometers to the west of the central business district of Burgos and provides aerial service With Paris, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bTenerife and Mallorca. Leon Airport is located six kilometers from the city, provides a message with Paris, Madrid, Barcelona, \u200b\u200bTenerife and Mallorca. Nearby is the largest of international Airports Madrid - Madrid-Barahas, but there are no direct flights of ground passenger transport connecting Madrid Barajas with cities of Castile and Leon.
The branched system of the passenger railway link connects Castile and Leon with Madrid, Cantabra and Galisia. Paris-Lisbon line runs through the area. The major railway units include Astorga, Burgos, Leon, Miranda de Ebro, Ponferrada and Valladolid.
Events, Holidays, Festivals
In addition to the large number of attractions and picturesque landscapes, the area attracts tourists massive events. Celebrations are usually confined to church holidays, the end of the harvesting suffer, anniversary of important events in the history of the region. Among the most famous should be noted the carnival passing in Toro (SAMOR) at the passion week, the run of Bulls (Emborro), which is held in Caullar (Segovia) on the last Sunday of August, the feast of the baptism of Christ in Palencia (January 1), St. John the Baptist In the city of Banos de Serrato (Palencia), which is held on the first Sunday after June 24, the holiday of the body and blood of Christ (Laguna de Negrilos), the Gastronomic Festival of the Great Holiday of Palelia in the Palencian city of Olteros de Pueuerg (the first Sunday of August ), Palencian festival of rowing slalom in Alar-del Rey (second Sunday August), the pilgrimage of Our Lady Snowy (Las Machorras, August 4 - 6), Easter week in Leone, the day of the battle between the troops of the Navargian monarch of Garicia III of Navarsky and his brother Ferdinand I Castilsky (Atapuerka, the last but Sunday of August), Baroque festival (Lerma, 10 - 11 August), Alba de Tormes festival (August 25 - 27), Passion Friday in Agred, with Tustet Saturday and Carnival Bulls in the city of Siudad Rodrigo.
The carnival of bulls usually begins in the last Saturday before the greatest post and lasts four days. Running the bulls and the corrida, which alternate with performances of performing teams, invariably collect a huge number of viewers. Corrida also enters the program of the EL-Novennie festival (San Felises de Los Gallegos, the second May weekend), the holiday of the Virgin Sosnova (Nuestra Senora del Pino - according to the legend, the image of the Virgin Once appeared on the trunk of pine tree, grew near Venues village; Celebrations are held here on August 14 - 18), St. John's holiday in Soriya (June 23), the holiday of bulls in Sepulved (August 19 - 28), the August Festival in Iskar (the first weekend), festivals in Arenas de San Pedro (August 17 - 27), in Bernardos (last week of August), in Orco-de-Las Torres (the first weekend, following the 15th of August), the holiday of the bull in Wilweistra (August 17 - 19).
In the cultural life of the region special place Castile and Leon's Day. This holiday is celebrated on April 23, on the anniversary of the Battle of Villara, in which the troops of the communion - Castillas who rebelted against Karl V were defeated by the Imperial Army. The battle occurred on April 23, 1521 near the city of Villars (Valladolid Province). The uprising communion began during the period of political instability, which occurred after the death of Isabella I Catholic in 1504. The throne inherited Juan I insane, the second daughter of Isabella and Ferdinand II Aragon, the wife of Philip I is beautiful. Philip died, spending two years on the throne. At this time, Carlo, the son of Philip and Juan, was only six years old. This fact, along with the unstable mental state of Juans, led to the situation in which Castile was ruled by Ferdinand Aragon and representatives of the highest nobility.
In 1516, after the death of Ferdinand Aragon Sixteen-year-old Charles I climbed the throne of Castile and Aragon. Grown abroad Karl badly owned by the Castilian dialect. The monarch, who arrived in Spain in October 1517, accompanied the numerous retinue, consisting of representatives of the Flemish nobility and clergy. These circumstances contributed to the growth of distrust and suspicion in relations between the new king and the Castilian nobility, which he saw in his climbing to the throne threat to his position and power.
In 1519, Karl was proclaimed by the Roman emperor. The next year, when he went to Germany, Cardinal Adrian Utrecht became the Castilian governor. Soon, the wave of the uprisings rolled around the Castilian cities: the bodies of urban self-government opposed the king and captured power. The rebels elected Huan I. The rebel movement has gained anti-refortionality: his participants supported the peasants who raised the uprisings against the landowner aristocracy.
The battle of Villanra occurred about a year after the start of the uprising. In March 1521, the Army of the royalists moved to each other in order to bring a joint blow to Torrellobate (Valladolid), the rebel citades. Castile's connainable began to transfer his troops (including parts that recently participated in the defense of Navarre) to the south-west of Burgos to connect to the army of Admiral Castile Fadrica Enriches. This maneuver became possible due to the fact that the troops of an ally of the rebels of the Count Saliserres, who at this time were the siege of Medina de Pomar, were not able to prevent the actions of the rest of the royalists.
In the Middle Ages, Burgos has repeatedly become a witness to armed conflicts between Christians and Muslims, between Leon and Navarroy, between Castile and Aragon. About the medieval period of urban history today reminds many historical and architectural monuments. In addition to the world famous cathedral of the Mother of God, their number includes the Cathedral Churches of Lerma, Villadeniy, Pamplegie, Palensuel, Church of St. Stephen, St. Jailor, St. Peter, St. Jacob, St. Lorenzo, as well as several monasteries.
More than interesting this area
Currently, the province is known for the products of agricultural production and the food industry. Here they produce Ceso de Burgos, young sheep cheese or cow milk. In each comer, which is part of the province, produced its own variety of this cheese. It also produces Morsile de Burgos - pork blood sausage with bow, rice and spices.
Modern kitchen of Castile and Leon in the whole variety has absorbed the culinary traditions of nine provinces that are part of the region. In the local menu dishes from pork, lamb, rabbit meat, trout, meat partridge, beans, peas, lentils. The most famous dishes include a straak - baked milk pig or lamb, anklety (swine stomach stuffed with pork clipping, pork ribs and tail), stuffed with mushrooms baked pigeon, quail, baked in breadcrumbs, rabbit under garlic sauce, dense soups, in including Kidido Maragato from Turkish pea, pork ribs and legs, potatoes and greenery, garlic soup, soup with trout, Samoretic soup with garlic, tomatoes and chili pepper, snacks, including sausage chorizo, smoked ham from Hihuelo (Salamanca) and Decabasses from Burgosa (Salamanca), blood sausage from Burgos, Farinato - sausage with lard and breadcrumbs from Siudada Rodrigo, sausages from Saratan (Valladolid), Chorizo \u200b\u200bfrom Viligaio (Burgos) and Cantimpalos (Segovia), Empanadas pies with meat and fish filling. Many desserts prepare according to the traditional recipes of local monasteries, their origin is often reflected in the names - Biscuch-San Lorenzo biscuits, "Tuscas de la Virgen" and so on.
The Football Club "Real Valladolid", founded in 1928, plays as part of the first division of the Spanish football league. On the account of the team Victory in the Spanish League Cup in the 1983/84 season. The Burgos Football Club, created in 1936, is currently in the composition of the third division of the Spanish Football League. The Numania Football Club, founded in Soria in 1945, acts in the second division of the National Football League.
Among the varieties of active leisure, which have gained the greatest popularity among tourists, there is a skiing. After the first snowfalls on the slopes of the Cantabrian Mountains, the Iberian Range, Leon Mountains, San Isidro and Lytaregos in Leone, La Pinyli and NavanderRada in Segovia, Lunada and Valle de Sol in Burgos are going to many lovers of mountain skis and snowboard. Other popular forms of active leisure: Horse riding, speleology, mountaineering, deltaplanism, flights to hot-air balloon, hikingTrips on mountain biking and SUVs, golf, archery. For a region that has no way out to the sea, the area offers an enviable manifold of forms of active leisure on the water, including boat trips, rowing, yacht and fishing.
In the northern part of the Plateau Plate, there were no time for two independent kingdoms - Leon and Castile (Castilla), which currently make up the Unified Autonomous Region of Spain - Castile and Leon.Region of wine Castile and Leon
The Kingdom of Asturias, who later received the name Leon (by the name of his capital), was formed in 718, shortly after the start of the Arab invasion. As you know, Maurov won most The Pyrenean Peninsula, but their possessions were in his south and southeast. This kingdom was one of the few preserved Christian citades; Accordingly, there was no ban on winemaking. However, until the time before the time, the vineyards were not paid to the attention of which they deserved - however was war. After all, the formation of Asturias (Leon) historians consider the commemoration of the beginning of reconquists. Castilia, whose name comes from the word "fortress", was originally a county formed in Leon. In 1035, she became an independent kingdom, and after a while he became part of the United Kingdom of Castile and Leon. The end of the 15th century became significant in the history of Spain - it was then combined with a marriage "Catholic kings" - Isabella Castilskaya (Queen of Castile and Leon) and Ferdinand Aragon. They own the main merit of the association of Spanish lands and the liberation of them from the Moorish rule ... Actually, their victories are not limited to. So, for example, they played an important role in the opening of America, approved by the expedition of Columbus and putting the beginning of the colonization of Western lands.Isabella and Ferdinand made a lot for the development of wine culture. In their will, there were monasteries on the liberated lands, which, in turn, began to actively promote winemaking (just as it happened in other European countries).The development of local wines contributed, in particular, the fact that the city of Valladolid for several centuries (until the XVI century) was the capital of Spain. Accordingly, the royal residence, and the courtyard were also here; Aristocrats were already given proper wines of Castile and Leon. At that time, laws governed by the production of wine were put into effect. After Valladolid lost the status of the capital, Castilian wines were experiencing not the best times. However, it is unlikely that we can say that the winemaking here has been declining - rather, it went to the background for a while.
Landscape of Castile Leon Plain and monotonous. The relief monotony is only occasionally disturbed by small hills.
Cities and towns here are small. Local residents They are engaged in agriculture, but it is poorly developed. The climate of the region is influenced by several factors: remoteness from the sea, surrounding the mountains and the fact that the knee is located at an altitude of about 600 m above sea level. Castilla-Leon is one of the most arid areas of Spain. Winter here is harsh and long, and the summer is not very roast, short and dry.
If you look at the map of Spain, you can see that her capital is Madrid - is located exactly in the center of the country. A little north of Madrid is Castilla Y Leon (Castilla Y Leon), one of the 17 Spanish autonomous regions. The territory of this edge is quite extensive and extends from the border with Portugal in the West to Rioja and Aragon in the East. Castile Leon is beautiful gardens, picturesque plains and low mountains; These are the ancient fortresses of Segovia and Avila and the Monumental Cathedrals of Burgos and Valladolid; This is the famous University of Salamanca, the vintage walls of which remember Servantes and Lope de Vega. Castile Leon is a cradle of reconquists, movements aimed at resting at the Moors captured by the territories of the Pyrenean Peninsula. Hence the legendary LED Campador, whose name means for Spaniards no less than for Russians the name of Alexander Nevsky. At the same time, Castile Leon today is one of the most important agricultural regions of Spain. And one of the most (if not the most) significant places in its economy occupy wines.
Nowadays, it is here that one of the most famous Wine Spain is produced. Today in the Castile Leone there are five D.O. (Names controlled by origin):
- BIERZO (Bierzo) ...
- Ribera del Duero (Ribera del Duero) ...
- Rueda (Rueda) ...
- Cigales (Cigales) ...
- Toro (Toro) ...
Map :: Region of winemaking Castile and Leon
Region of winemaking Spain (Castile and Leon) - D.O. BjoceTerritory of this D.O. Located in the valley surrounded by the Cantabrian Mountains and the mountains of Leon. Only in the south-west mountains are interrupted, giving way to a small valley of the river forces, thanks to which the influence of the Atlantic penetrates in Bjaco. Therefore, the climate of Rigeso ...
Region of winemaking Spain (Castile and Leon) - D.O. Ribera del Duero.
Undoubtedly, this most important D.O. Castile and Leon is also one of the most prestigious wine-making regions of Spain. So, it is here that the legendary estate of Vega Sicily (Vega Sicilia) is located, whose wines have become famous in the XIX century and to this day remain
Castile and Leon (Castile Leon) is the autonomous community of the North-West of Spain with the capital of Valladolid.
Castile-and-Leon is a peaceful edge with a glorious collection of castles, which even names the name (Castilla in Per. "Country Castle"). This is a real core of Spain, free from obsessive stereotypes, mounted by endless plains and architecture masterpieces.
Castile and Leon are a huge region of Spain, the birthplace of the classic Spanish language. Everything else - dialects. On its territory the most historical monuments Virtually all periods of human life - from ancient Romans to modern times. There are especially many locks and fortresses here, which even reflected in the title - Castile.
Landscapes and sights of Castile and Leon you can rate, looking at this video:
What makes this edge special? Famous fortress Alcazar in the city of Segovia (Segovia), ancient Roman aqueduct there, Cathedrals in Salamanca, Samora and Leone, the ruins of the first civilized settlements of a person in Atapuerca (AtaPuerca), palaces and museums in the former Spanish capital - Valladolid (Valladolid).
Castile and Leon are widely known among the winemakers of the whole world - they are manufactured here best brands Win in Spain. One of the varieties is the favorite guilt of Prince William from the UK.
Every year, many holidays and festivals are held in this region, which are celebrated with a truly Spanish scope: people are carefully prepared for each of them. Most of the attention of tourists are attracted by the following events:
Leonskaya Carnival in February - various costume processions are held on the streets, theatrical ideas are given on the move, traditional music sounds everywhere, and people dance national dances. Participants choose the Queen of the Carnival and even conduct separate events for children.
The passionate week is celebrated everywhere in April, but the holiday is in Valladolid attracts a huge number of viewers. 19 frarators take part in the main procession, which moves through the streets historic Center cities.
The folk art festival of Castile and Leon is traditionally held in the first half of June. At this time, the city is one large theater, in which performances are carried out there, there are street performances. Each person from the world of art seeks to show everything he can.
Photo: Segovia The sale season in Castile and Leone is the same as everywhere: immediately after the new year until the end of February and in the summer from the second half of July until the end of August. At the beginning, the discount is not very large, but it is a large range of products. At the end, the sales discounts can be up to 70-80 percent of the initial cost of goods, but the range is already poorer.
Geographic differences
Photo: Geographical features Castile and Leon. In the landscape of autonomy, the plains are abounding the plains small mountains. Even in the Middle Ages, local forest arrays were turned into pastures. But the remaining forests are amazing, for example, in the vicinity of Salamanca Forest sheltered the rarest animals, such as a mountain goat of Pyreneev and a mountain cat.
Climate
Castile-Leon Mediterranean continental climate with long-term cold winters (2-4 ° in Jan.), as well as short, dry and warm summer (19-22 ° C). Mountains detain wet winds off the coast. Many villages are forced to fight - in the summer with heat, and in winter with a cold.
How to get and move on site
Photo: Detailed map Region Castile Leon Why go
The main goal of the trip to Castile and Leon is a magnificent architecture. Whole quarters and even whole cities (segovia) entered World Heritage UNESCO. This is the edge of locks, delicious meat dishes and the silent villages. The local mountains are well suited for winter skiing.
When to go
In March-April, the exciting action of a passionate week is held, in June - Fiesta in Burgos, Segovia and Soria, and in September, the student holidays of Salamanca. In winter, you can go skiing.
Cultural and historical differences
Photo: Jumping through babies It was Castilia and Leon headed by the reconquist - the rest of the earth at Mavrov back to Christians, and also returned most of the new world. Castile is the patrimony of the Spanish aristocracy, and the Castilian adverb is based on the literary Spanish language. And despite all these merits, the Castiles will be heard with rokles, revaluable their own significance.
Castilian festivities are bunciful, for example, jumping through babies after the holiday of the Body of Christ from Castillo de Murcia or walking on red coals on St. John's Day in San Pedro-Manric. Valladolid is the capital and a city in which a lot is connected with the name of Cervantes.
What to see
Castile and Leon, perhaps the richest area of \u200b\u200bSpain. Since there was once a political center of the country, then in Valladolid and around it there are many luxury palaces and estates. Being centers of endless battles with the Moors, almost every self-respecting village acquired its own fortified fort, to reflect the attacks of the invaders. We collected the top 10 most worthy places that cannot be missed.
Aqueduct in Segovia (Segovia) - The most photographed object in all Castilla - Leone. This construction of ancient Romans in Spain has been preserved best, despite the fact that he has been for almost 2000 years.
Photo: Aqueduct in Segovia Cathedral in Burgos (Burgos) - The construction of this cathedral began at the beginning of the 13th century. Construction took several centuries, so there are elements of various styles in the building. The windows are richly decorated with stained glass windows.
Photo: Cathedral in Burgos Fortress Wall in Avila (Avila) - The wall stretches for as much as 2.5 kilometers, served for the inhabitants of the old city. In the development of the city of the wall, it was many times completed and rebuilt. In terms of its size, this building is inferior only by the famous Great Chinese wall And is the largest serf wall throughout Europe.
Photo: fortress wall in the city of Avila - This is a huge deepening labyrinth and caves near the city of Burgos. They found the remains of ancient people who can trace the evolution of a person as a species. As happened many times, this discovery was done by chance during the construction of the railway.
Photo: Atapurrock ruins Alcazar in Segovia (Segovia) - It is not known when this fortress was built, but it was reliably clear that it happened during the reign of Romans in these places. Under it, many underground strokes and secret premises.
Photo: Alcazar in Segovia Saint Isidor Basilica in Leon (Leon) - The famous constructions in the Romanesque style. Thanks to the relics of St. Jacob, which are stored here, this basilica has become one of the most revered Christian shrines.
Photo: St. Isidore Basilica in Leone Home Square in Salamanca (Salamanca) - Beautiful area, buildings around which are built in the style of Baroque. They all have the same height and similar decorative elements. The area is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful in all Spain.
Photo: Home Square in Salamanca – former capital It can boast an excellent cathedral in which skillful masters richly decorated it inside and outside.
Photo: Cathedral in Valladolid - A wonderful architectural monument has retained many masterpieces of art inside, each of which deserves special attention.
Photo: Monastery of St. Mary Del Parral in Segovia - Initially, a rather modest structure was rebuilt in the 16th century and acquired the current pompous appearance. And in the university library, the richest meeting in 160,000 volumes.
Photo: University in Salamanca Main places and city attractions
Segovia - old City And the epicenter of the landmarks of the region:
- Grand Ancient Roman aqueduct;
- Royal Palace La Granha de San Ildondonso;
- Alcazar Castle, which became a prototype of Disneyland emblem.
Other interesting cities:
- Salamanca attracts sophisticated buildings from the Renaissance era;
- Avila with her fortress wall and castle is the embodiment of the fairy tale;
- In Burgos and Leone, who lie on the pilgrimage path of St. James, there are the most grandiose cathedrals in the Gothic style;
- Authentic villages of La Alberke and Kowarrubias.
What to do in Castile and Leone
Photo: University Library in Salamanca It is impossible to study Castile and Leon - in every town and every village a huge number of attractions. But still do not try to argue the immense, but to limit the twenty mandatory things that should be done:
- Drink a glass of beloved wine British prince Charles from Valladolid wine relatives. Interestingly, in it is so special?
- Go to the reading room of the university library in Salamanca - how much time it takes to read all these works! And also to find the basic admission to students who have a safe surrender of exams - a small figurine of a frog sitting on one of the skulls on the veiled walls.
- Make selfie against the background of the aqueduct in Segovia - no wonder this is the most popular object in photographs of tourists who were here.
- Sit in a cafe overlooking the main square in Salamanca. This paradex paradise is the same building height, a single style. Bliss!
- Visit one of the Christian shrines - the Basilica of St. Isidor in Leon.
- Go to the cathedral in Valladolid and surprise the beauty of the decor.
- Climb to Alcazar and imagine numerous battles and sieges that sustained this powerful fortress. And there is it turns out to go down to the mysterious dungeon, then it is a big luck!
- Try to guess what is depicted near the ruins of Atapurki - a silhouette of a horse or a bear. Unified faithful response, unfortunately, does not exist.
- Go along along the entire fortress wall in Avil - how did you manage to create such a miracle of defensive art so many centuries ago!
- Compare the inner interior of the Cathedral in Burgos - almost every one more or less large settlement Castile and Leon are their cathedral and find two similar practically impossible.
- Bypass all the sophisticated sights of Salamanca.
- Tracking on the forests and ridges of Sierra de France and Sierra de Bahar in Salamanca Okolitsa.
- Visit the fabulous segovia with its Disneyland castle and legends.
- See the world through the mysterious light through the stained glass windows of Santa Maria Cathedral in Leone.
- Forget about the bustle among cute houses of the village of Sierra de France.
- Fombing to dreams, walking along the paved streets of the mysterious mednasel;
- Taste the roasted lamb or milk pig on the top of the hill in picturesque city Lerma or Sepulved.
- To visit the historic village of Kovarrubias, where the style of houses resembles the Fakhverk.
- Buy local delicacies on the Sunday market of beautiful villages of La Alberka.
- See gothic in all greatness in Burgos or Leone.
Shopping (what and where to buy)
Photo: Spanish Wine In Castile and Leone, there are large shopping centers and network supermarkets in which everything you need is sold. We have collected tourists and chose the top 5 most popular souvenirs from this region:
- Wine - hundreds of brands are leaving from here in the baggage of tourists to remind subsequently about beautiful Spain.
- Figures depicting participants of the passionate week in traditional clothes are the most popular trifle in memory of the trip.
- Frogs from Segovia - a souvenir promising well-being and good luck in all endeavors.
- Cairro Buttons - a unique and unique element used in many decorations of Castile and Leon.
- A copy of the aqueduct - in any of its expression: a magnet, a mug, a figurine, an image on a T-shirt and so on. Fantasy manufacturers of souvenirs is limitless in this sense.
Where to live
Photo: Hotel Room Apartahotel Exe Campus San Mames In Castile and Leone, a large number of good and affordable hotels for numerous guests of this edge. We chose the top 5 most worthwhile tourists:
- Exe Casa de Los Linajes (Calle Doctor Velasco 9, 40003 Segovia) - the excellent location and the unique atmosphere of the hotel will not leave anyone indifferent. Comfortable rooms and delicious breakfasts are attached.
- Parador de Segovia (Carretera Valladolid S / N, 40003 Segovia) - unusual design and chic view old city. Spacious rooms equipped with everything necessary for a good rest.
- Ibis Valladolid (Avenida Euro 7 | Centrolid, Ronda Norte, 47009 Valladolid) - 24-hour reception, international Standards Services, comfortable rooms. Free parking for guests by car.
- EUROSTARS LEON (CALLE VELAZQUEZ 18, 24005 Leon) is a good location a 15-minute location of the main attractions. Literally around the corner of a large shopping center. Comfortable rooms with modern appliances.
- Apartahotel Exe Campus San Mames (Calle Vegamian 13, 24007 Leon) - a small hotel in a quiet area near the city center. Large rooms and delicious breakfasts.
Plan of vouchers, tours for 1-3-7 days
We accounted for a rather detailed plan of the trip along Castile and Leon, based on reviews and impressions of experienced tourists.
| Day | Morning | Dinner | Evening |
| 1 | Segovia. Aqueduct. Catholic church of St. Clement. | Old city. Ruins of the Church of St. Augustine. Tower of Hercules. | Central square. Cathedral of Segovia. After the walk, we recommend entering the restaurant Restaurante José María (Calle Cronista Lecea, 11), where the classic of segovsky cuisine is served - piglery. |
| 2 | Alcazar Fortress. We recommend to devote this sight to at least half the day. | Park next to the fortress. Viewpoint On the contrary. The evening is recommended to complete the Restaurante San Marcos restaurant (Calle de San Marcos, 30), where seafood is dominated from the menu. | |
| 3 | Avila. Fortress Wall. | Avilsky Cathedral. The streets of the old city. | Palace Filnios. Restaurant La Escalera (Calle Martín Carramolino, 4) is nearby, in which guests praise the octopus dish. |
| 4 | Salamanca. Home Square. | Monument to Christopher Columbus. Museum of Salamanca. | University of Salamanca. After a busy day, we advise dinner at the EL Laurel restaurant (Calle San Pablo, 49), in which the original vegetarian dishes are preparing. |
| 5 | Valladolid. Cathedral. | Museum of Christopher Columbus. Calderon Theater. | House-Museum of Cervantes. And after a long day, go to Pedro Olivar seafood restaurant (Calle Marina de Escobar, 5). |
| 6 | Atapuerc. Caves of ancient people. | Burgos. Cathedral. | |
| 7 | Leon. Basilica of St. Isidore. | Palace Cas de Los Botnes. Casa de Los Gusmanes. | Monastery of St. Mark with the longest facade created in the style of the planssic. |
What and where there is
Photo: trout soup In each Spanish region, the kitchen and dishes have their own special features. Castile and Leon is also no exception. We have chosen top-5 Must-Try traditional dishes:
- The milk piglet is entirely baked in the spices of a piglet whose meat becomes amazingly gentle and fragrant.
- Forewood soup - despite the fact that it is mostly meat edge, but fish dishes are also regularly prepared here.
- Cheeses - here are their huge many for every taste and color in the literal sense of the word, since some of the cheeses in the manufacture add a special mold, which gives the finished product the original shade.
- Wine - Ask the seller of the store a brand of wine from grapes growing off the coast of the Douro River, considered the most suitable for winemaking.
- Morsilla's blood sausage - it can be boldly called the gastronomic symbol of the city of Burgos.
Kitchen
Photo: Ribera del Duero wines Castilian cuisine mainly meat: baked milk piglets, roasted lambs, blood flowing, smoked sausage of cantipalos, ham guy and sausages Saratan. The second product of the region is cheese - from young to cheeses with mold. Among the local wines it is necessary to note the wines of Ribera del Duero.
Top Excursions for reviews
Do not always tourists manage to learn everything about the region. We recommend paying attention to the following excursions:
- The City-Museum of Segovia - a professional guide will hold up with winding streets and will show a direct connection between Rome and this Spanish city.
- Wine cellar Segovia is an opportunity to visit the best and most famous winemaking workshops, and also understand how to taste good wine And how to distinguish it from poor-quality fakes.
- A pedestrian tour of Leone - the largest number of monuments of architecture of different eras has been preserved in this city.
- Unknown Salamanca - this city is considered one of the oldest existing ones in Spain. His central square One of the most beautiful in this country.
- On foot in Burgos - just passing personally through the streets of this city, you can feel it unique atmosphere and rhythm.
Segovia's beauty you can see in this author's video:
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Independent training flights
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