Dining Mountains: Natural Wonders of Light. Dutch mountains

On Gwianky Plateau. Latin America - In Venezuela, Brazil and Guyana, there are rocks with flat peaks, named on the local adverbs of indigenous peoples - Tepui, which means "house of gods". The rocky formations of Tepui from the sheer blocks of Precambrian quartz sandstone are consist. Separated from the surrounding landscape, hanging in the form of an islands with a height of 1-3 thousand meters above, Tempui - owners of endemic flora and fauna. Rare flowers - orchids grow on high-altitude plateau and, due to rocky soils, poor on nutrients and unsuitable for other herbal species.

At one time, the science adhered to the hypothesis that the biodiversity of rocking hills South America Real estate, not past the mixture of species. However, the latest studies of scientists prove that Tempuses were not so tightly isolated from ambientIt was previously assumed - for example, Tepuihyla's -Endemic hit the top of the Latin American Tempus after the mountain ridge was formed. In total, there are about 60 flat-terrain formations in this region.

The most famous TPU Mountains in South America:

1. Roraima (Mount Roraima, 2810 m), top area 31 km2. The inspired by the report of Robert Schombrochet about the rocky array of Latin America, who was granted to the Royal Geographical Society in 1844, Conan Doyle wrote his story "The Lost World" - it was Roraima who became a prototype of a mysterious mountainous country inhabited by dicky prehistoric animals.

Poorima Tempui, South America

2. Auantepui (Auantepui). This dining room is the owner of the high waterfall In the world - Angel (979 m), falling in the lake with a depth of 807 m. In the language of the indigenous population - Peremonov, the waterfall until recently was called Kerepakupai Vena. The current name is Angel, he received in honor of the American pilot Jimmy Angela, whose monoplan committed an emergency landing at the top point of the plateau in 1937. Angel and three of his companions needed 11 days to come down from the mountain and return back to the civilized world. Only after 33 years later, the legendary aircraft was raised from the top of the mountain, restored at the aircraft museum and was empty at the entrance to Ciudad Bolivar Airport.

Auan Tempui, Waterfall Angel, Venezuela

3. Kookenan or Matwi Tepui (Matawi Tepui), 2680 m), 3 km long. The local population is the Peremon Indians, consider lonely standing table mountain of the country of the dead, here it originates the Kukenan River.

Kupenan Tempui, Venezuela, South America

4. Ptari (Ptari-Tepui, 2700 m). The classic version of the Dining Room of South America - with an ideally cut vertex and absolutely vertical slopes.

Ptari Tempui, Venezuela, Latin America

Plotovoid Flower Heliamfora on Ptari Tempui

5. Autana (Autana Tepui, 1300 m). This plateau is noteworthy in that its thicker passes a horizontally oriented cave, permeating the rock through.

Tempui Autan, South America

6. Sarisarinama (Sarisarinama). The study of the mining plateau began in 1961, when the pilot Harry Gibson noticed on his flat top of the unique openings of natural origin. Vertical caves-wells go far deep into the rocks - the longest of them has a length of 1.35 km.

Tempui Sarisarina, Venezuela

Tukumcari Mountain's dining room (Tucumcari Mountain) in Mexico is a little different from the Tempus of the Guiangic Massif - 1517 meters, it towers over the South American savanna. Opened in 1793, the peak-hermit caused a lot of controversy in scholars on the theme of age: first it was assumed that the dining room was formed during the Jurassic period, then it turned out that rocky education was younger and belongs to the chalk period.

Tukumkari, Mexico

Nature did not bypass and Argentina - on its territory there are also single mountains with a horizontal conclusion - the duet of vertices of the Sierra Negra array is located near the town of the city, famous for its coffee plantations. In addition to coffee, this region of South America is rich in the deposits of precious metals. In the depths of the mountain ridge, gold mines are located, with the recent Canadian company Goldcorp - according to experts estimates for the next 9 years at the mine will produce about 0.5 million ounces of gold per year, in July 2014, the first 100 kg were seized from stone depths.

Sierra Negra, Argentina

Cutlery Mountains of North America

Canyonlands National Park (Canyonlands National Park) in Utah, near the city of Moab - a vivid example of eroded lands with multiple canyons, hills and table mountains, between which the Colorado River and Green River flows. The park is conditionally divided into three zones: Island In The Sky, Needles and Maze, each of which is noteworthy in its own way. "The island in heaven" is an extended plateau with a height of 366 m, rolled up by the Colorado depth of 305 m, with the highest point of White Rim, the zone of needles (Needles) is famous for well-preserved clay housings and a "stone newspaper" - Newspaper Rock - with petroglyphs carved on cliffs . In the Maze zone there is a barrier canyon - the most hard-to-reach plot of the plateau, where the rocky paintings and the pictograms of the ancient hunters - gatherers, dated 2 thousand years BC, were found.

Canyon Land, Utah, United States

At the border of Utah and Arizona, the Monument Valley (Monument Valley) was spread with lonely with flat-terrain peaks, which sometimes reach 300 meters. Local Indians Navajo called this area belonging to the Colorado Plateau, the valley of the stones. The terracotta color of the mountains is caused by the presence in the breed of iron oxide, and a darker, gray-orange shade of some rocks - manganese oxide. In the 50s of the 20th century, uranium, vanadium and copper were mined in the monument valley.

Monument Valley, Utah, United States

In Colorado, on the green plateau Mesa Verde, the National Park is located - the country of Montesums - ancient city, built by the people of Pueblo (Anasazi Indians) many centuries ago. More than 600 rock housing were erected from 400 to 1200 G. AD. At the foot of the Emerald Cutlery Mountains and in their thicker, but after a 25-year-old drought, people were forced to leave the custody.

City of Montesums, Mesa Verde, Colorado, USA

Glass Mountains (Glass Mountains or Gloss Hills) - Dining Mountains in the Western Oklahoma State Region (USA), rise above the ground level from 46 to 61 meters. An array of hills with flat completes received its name in 1820 from the first researchers of America due to the sparkling intersices of selenite.

Dining Mountains Glass, Oklahoma, USA

In Oklahoma, on the Great Plains, there is another similar natural education - Black Mesa plogram (Black Mesa, 1516 m) with a length of 270 km - on the top of this dining room, the indigenous Indians have broken up their parking.

Black Mesa, Oklahoma, United States

Above the coast of Cuba, in Guantanamo Province, there is a high-altitude plateau El Yunke (El Yunque, 575 m), resembling a blacksmith table, - this feature of the mountain served to choose its name: "Yunque" from Spanish translates as an anvil.

El Yunke, Cuba

Dining Mountains in Africa

Mountain fortress or amby - the so-called dining mountains in Africa - rocky platea in the north of Ethiopia, isolated from sandstone. Three Amba are located in the Amhara region: Amba Geshen or Amara, Wehni and Debre Damo. Abyby Mountains are known as the place of imprisonment for brothers and relatives of the male king of Ethiopia, including sons. The unfortunate fell into a highly mountainous dungeon immediately after the coronation of the heir to the throne and came out of it only after his death. When the sad tradition was canceled, in the hard-to-reach highlands - in the temples on the vertices of the rocks, the treasures of the royal dynasty were kept. Mount Geshen is famous for its orthodox Church Lalibela in the form of a cross carved in rock, and the dining room Mountain Debre Damo (2216 m) - Christian monastery of the 6th century.

Dining Mountain in Africa Debre Damo, Ethiopia

Orthodox Monastery Lalibel on Dining Room Geshemen, Ethiopia, Africa

African Dining Mountains in Northern Ethiopia

On the territory of Ethiopia, a lot of rocks with vertical slopes and a flat vertex are scattered: Amba Aradam (2756 m), Amba Alagi (3438 m), Kundudo (3000 m). In 2008, a lost stalagmitte cave with ancient weak pictures was opened on Mount Kundududo. Here is the habitat of the only preserved population of wild horses in the world.

Ammonites on the Dining Room Mount Kundudududo, Ethiopia

Stalagmiti Corals in Cave on Mount Kundudududo, Ethiopia, Africa

The world's most famous planeau of Africa is a dining room (1084 m) of Cape Town (South Africa) with a length of 3 km. It is also a symbol of the city shown on its flag. A bright feature of an African mining plateau is the orographic clouds, almost constantly perching its top, form a tablecloth on a flat countertop. Local aborigines are attributed to the unusual cloudiness to the devil, an emerging tube in the company Pirate Van Khanki - Such is an ancient legend associated with Table Mountain. The age of South African dining area, isolated from solid quartz sandstone gray, is about 500 million years old. 2200 species growing on a high-altitude plateau - endemics that are no longer occurring anywhere in the world. Symbol of the country of South Africa -, unique views which are presented in the Table Mountain National Park.

On the territory of Namibia there are also several known rocking hills with a cut conclusion: Etzho (500 m) with a length of 10 km, Grotberg (1840 m), Welterberg and Gamsberg. His strange names for the Aryan Flood Dining Mountains Namibia received from the first German researchers.

Dining Room Etzho, Namibia, Africa

Dining Mountain Gamsberg, Africa

Dining Room Winderberg, Africa

Cutlery Mountains of Western Europe

Unusual on beauty Rocky Education with flat conclusion in Ireland (Sligo County) - Dining Mountain Ben Balben (Benbulbin) - this is part of the massif of the Green Mountains Darty. There is a name from the Irish word BINN, which means "peak", and ghulbain - "jaw". The Ben Balben dining room formed about 320 million years ago due to the movement of ice from the northeast to the south-west of the island, during the ice age. Once the alpine plateau was under the thickness of the ancient sea, as evidenced by the petrified marine organisms - sinks and, found by scientists in all layers of rock. Ben Balben is predominantly made of limestone and argillitis - fine-grained sedimentary rock consisting of petrified dirt and clay.

Dining room Ben Balben, Ireland, Europe

Monta-Santo's dining room (Monte Santo, 733 m), adjacent to the San Antonio's flat-terrible rock in the Siligo area, is the attraction of Sardinia Island (Italy).

Dining Mount Monte Santo Island Sardinia, Italy

Table Mountains of Australia

The terracottaic rock of Uluru (Ayers Rock, 348 m) is considered "heart." Anang's tribe aborigines settled in this area 10 thousand years ago, after a source hitting straight from the top of the stone hill. The sacred for the Aboriginal dining room Mount Uluru is shown by an ominous haze - it is believed that it brings the misfortune to those who try to climb or take a chip of stone with them.

Northern cutlery mountains

In the northern latitudes, dining or mountains, countertops have its name - Tuya (TUYA). Tui is rock formations with a flat conclusion, formed as a result of an eruption of a volcano under ice, as a result of which lava went to the surface and transformed into solid basalt rocks after cooling.

Thuja Brown Bluff (Brown Bluff) of about a million years and a length of about 1.5 km is located on the northern tip of Antarctica. Red-brown tuff at the foot of the dining area smoothly goes into an ash-gray top, rugged erosion. Brown Bluff - The World Ornithological Reserve - here the habitat is an extensive colony of birds: 20 thousand pairs of Adeli penguins and 550 pairs of Penguins Gentoos.

Dining Mount Brown Bluff, Antarctica

On the territory of Canada, mainly in British Columbia, there are whole groups of high-altitude plateau. One of them is the 2021-meter dining room Table Mountain, standing in the middle of Lake Garibaldi.

Dining Mount The Table, Canada

In the northern regions of the United States, you can find the cutlery mountains-thuly formed on the site of stratovulkanov and due to the departure of glaciers. In the state of Oregon, the Hayrick Butte, 1683 m (Hayrick Butte, 1683 m) is a form of a treated volcano with absolutely vertical slopes. At a distance of 3 km from him there is another Thuja-Volcano - Hogg Rock (Hogg Rock, 1548 m). Unlike other dining rooms, Hogg Rock has one gentle slope, along which the road to the top of the plateau is laid.

Dining Mount Hayrick Butte in Oregon, USA

Diomide Islands in Bering Strait

Unusual Diomides Islands (Diomedes Islands), the smaller of which belongs to the United States, and large Russia - These are treated thundering volcanoes in a beregic strait with a flat vertex. In the days of the Cold War between the USSR and the United States, Diomides, between which the state border passes, was the symbolic name "Ice curtain".

In contact with

Dining Mount- Mountain "With a flat vertex", which is located on south Bank The cutting bay southwest of Cape Town (South Africa). The silhouette of the mountain is depicted on the flag of Cape Town and other state signs. Dining room Mountain is a famous tourist attraction. On its vertex you can climb on foot or with a cable car. Mountain is part national Park Dining area.

Features

The main feature of the dining area is its 3-kilometer plateau framed by impressive cliffs. Near the dining room, the peaks of the devil and the lion's head are located, which offer stunning views of Cape Town. SAMI high Point Mountains - the stone pyramid, which was built in 1865 by Sir Thomas Maclea for trigonometric studies. Its height is 1086 m (3563 feet) above sea level, which is 19 m higher than the height of the cable station, which is installed in the western part of the plateau.

You can climb to the top through the Platteklip gorge ("Flat Stone Gorge"). The first rise to the mountain, which was registered, made Antoniou de Saldanha (António de Saldanha) in 1503.

Flat tops of mountains are often covered with orographic clouds, which are formed under the action of southeast wind. The legend connects this phenomenon with a smoking contest, which is happening between the devil and the local pirate named Van Khanks. When the mountain is covered with clouds, it means that the contest continues.

The dining room is located in the northern part of the mountain range, which forms Cape Peninsula. In the south side of the main plateau there is a lower part of the hill, which is called "The Back Table". On the Atlantic Coast of the Peninsula is the peak of the Twelve Apostles. The ridge extends in the southern direction to the caulation Good Hope.

Geology

The upper part of the dining area is composed of ordovic quartz sandstones. It has steep slopes. Under the sandstone is a layer of salivary basal shale. The base of the mountain consists of folded and modified phyllitis and cornea, which are unofficially called Malmesbury shale. Breeds were formed in the Precambrian period. They are less resistant to weathering than sandstones. On the western part of the peak of the head of the lion, the granite deposits are visible.

Flora

Flora of the dining area is characterized by high biodiversity. The most common types of vegetation are several types of fynbos ("thin bush"). Some of them are under threat of disappearance.

The vegetable world of the dining area is part of the Cape Floral Region (The Cape Floral Region), which is protected. This territory is an object World Heritage. The vegetation of the dining area consists of 2.2 thousand species. Many of these species are endemic.

Forests are common, mainly in more wet gorges. On open and dry areas of the mining area, various types of shrubs are dominated.

Balance vegetable world It was broken by the invasion of alien plants. For a whole century, there was a lot of effort to combat their distribution.

Fauna

Mountain rat (The Dassie or Rock Hyrax) is the most common view of the mountain. Representatives of this species are grouped in the area of \u200b\u200bthe upper cable station, where tourists often feed them. Also here you can meet dickerages, mangosters, snakes and turtles. In 1802, the last lion was shot on Mount. Back in the 20s of the last century, leopards lived here. On the dining area, the Caracal and African wild cat could often be found. Today, in rare cases, the climbers still manage to detect Caracal, but the status of the African cat remains uncertain.

Himalayan goats, descendants of the gods escaped from the zoo, in 1936, goats, until recently lived on the less affordable top of the mountain. As an exotic appearance, they were practically exterminated by the program initiated by national South African parks, which was aimed at reproduction of indigenous African antelope (Klipspringers). Also inhabited European lows and deer from south-East Asia. They were mainly distributed in the territory of the Rhodes Memorial (The Rhodes Memorial), but in the 1960s they could be found and near the Signal Hill signal. Now these species are resettled to another territory.

History

This territory was settled in prehistoric times. About 2 thousand years ago, Hoi Hoi migrated from the north to the side of the Cape Peninsula, crowding out the San tribe (The San). They led their herds of cattle and sheep. Hoy-ho populated almost the entire territory, when the Europeans were for the first time sailed into the bay of the dining area.

The first European, who landed in the Bay of the Dining Mountain, was Antonio de Saldanha. He climbed the mountain in 1503 and called it "Taboa Do Cabo", which is in translation from Portuguese means "Table Cape". Even now, you can still see a big cross, which is a portuguese navigator carved on the cliff of Cape Lion's head.

In 1976, during the occupation, Major General Sir James Craig ordered to build three checkpoints on the dining room: the royal checkpoint, the Duke of York City and the prince of Welers. To date, two of them are already in ruins, and the royal checkpoint is still in good condition.

In the period 1896-1907, five dams on Beck Table were opened to provide the inhabitants of Cape Town. With the help of a cable car, which rose from CampS Bay (Camps Bay) through the KasteelSpoort Ravine ravine (KasteelSpoort Ravine) was raised by building materials and labor. The steam locomotive that was used at the time was perfectly preserved and now being in the Waterworks Museum), which is located in the northern part of the dining area. It was used to transport materials during the construction of the dam. Today, dams are no longer an important part of the capetown water supply system.

In 1990, Mountain became part of the National Park. And in 1998 the park was renamed the National Park of Dining Mountain.

Unfortunately, fires often happen on Mount. Fire in 2006 destroyed a large amount of vegetation and led to the death of several tourists. British, who was suspected of arson, was charged with arson and intentional murder.

In November 2011, the dining room was previously called one of the new seven wonders of the world.

Cable car

The cable car of the dining area delivers passengers from the lower station Tafelberg Road (Tafelberg Road), which is located at an altitude of 302 m above sea level, to the top of the mountain. The top station overlooks Cape Town, Table Bay, Robben Islands and the Atlantic Coast.

The construction of the cable car began in 1926, and in 1929 the lift was officially opened. In 1997, the cable car was upgraded. New cars introduced into operation, which could carry 65 passengers, instead of 25, as it was before. New cars make a lot of faster. They can rotate 360 \u200b\u200bdegrees during lifting or descent, providing passengers a stunning panoramic view of the city. At the top station there are antique shops, restaurants and tourist routes.

Entertainment

Hiking

Hiking tourism is very popular both among local residents and tourists. On the mountain several routes of varying complexity were laid. Because of the steep cliffs, it is impossible to raise the mountain from the city. The easiest and most popular route that lies through the Platteklip Gorge Gorge (Platteklip Gorge). On average, the rise last 2.5 hours. Depending on physical training, climbing the top can take from 1 to 3 hours.

Longer routes pass through Beck Table. From the south suburbs, there are routes through the children's gorge (The Nursery Ravine) and the skeleton gorge that begin in the national botanical Garden Kirstenbosh. The path that lies through the Skeleton Gorge to Macclea Lighthouse (Maclears Beacon), known as SMATS Route (SMUTS TRACK). He was named after Yana Smarts, who loved to travel very much.

From the side of the Atlantic coast goes routes that are popular with hiking lovers.

Horikwaggo Trails (The Horikwaggo Trails) are four pedestrian trails, which can be lifted to the dining room. The journey can last from two to six days. These routes are located under the Protectorator of South African National Parks. Indigenous people call chorikvaggo "Sea Mountain" ("Sea Mountain").

Mountaineering

Dining room is one of the favorite climbers places. Many routes are laid in various difficulties. The main rise passes on the rock, on the top of which is the cable station. You can only go up in this place in the traditional way without using bolted mount. You can also make a descent from the upper cable station.

Caves

Most caves are formed in limestone. The dining room, which is formed from sandstones, also has a cave system. The biggest one is the Wynberg Caves caves (The Wynberg Caves), which are located in Beck Table.

Constellation "Mensa"

In honor of the dining area, the constellation of the southern hemisphere of the sky is named. It can be observed in mid-July around midnight, below Orion. The constellation was called astronomer Nicolas de Lacaille (Nicolas de Lacaille) in the middle of the XVIII century, during his stay on the grief.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/table_mountain.
Translation Tatiana Gorban

On the south-western tip of Africa and Cape Town, in the dining room of the National Park Bay, an unusual mountain rises with a flat vertex. This is a dining area (eng. Table Mountaine) - business card South Africa, adorning Cape Town flag. The attraction is made to the UNESCO World List of Specially Protected natural facilitiesAnd her flat top is among the top ten most visited tourist facilities in the world.

One of 7 Wonders of Light

The dining area is considered one of the seven new wonders of the world. She is surrounded by pointed rocks. The mountain rises above the sea level by 1085 m. Its surface is cut off with a sharp knife, it is impossible to imagine, but it is the hot wind of Africa who polished the top in such a plane. The composition of the mountain is a coarse sandstone and quartzite, the slopes of it are covered by evergreen shrubs and forests, in which rare representatives of flora and fauna live, many of them - endemics (found only in this area).

The remarkable feature of the National Park in Cape Town is that it is located in the meeting place for two ocean currents - a cold Atlantic and warm Indian. For this reason, in the local surroundings often hang fogs, enveloping mountains and peaks by a giant dairy tablecloth. The National Park includes attractions such as:

• Dining Mountain;
• boulder Beach;
• cape Cape Pont;
• cape of Good Hope;
• mountain peaks - twelve apostles, devil, lion head.

Historians found out that people inhabited the foot of the dining area of \u200b\u200bmore than 12 thousand years ago, and the navigator of Antonio De Sidhania from Portugal became the discoverer of it from among Europeans in 1503. He carved on the mountainside, which in those centuries covered huge trees, a big cross, can be seen today. People from the Saldani ship were broken in these places the first settlement - Ford Fortress.

Dining room inhabitants

If you look at the mountain from afar, it seems to be impregnable and lifeless mass, but it is not so. At the foot and on the slopes, life boils: farms and gardens spread to it on the approaches, and babianas, as well as goats, snakes and other living creatures live in the forests on the slopes.

Flora: endemics and guests

The dining room is famous for its flora - there are 2200 species of plants here. These are mainly endemics, but on the slopes of the mountain found a refuge and "guests", such as Primorskaya Pine. One of the endemics of South Africa National Park is a flower ICICA that will not meet anywhere else. If you are lucky, you can see both the flower-symbol of South Africa. The protein family is numerously, and the most original Those who have a sweet, filled with nectar the core is surrounded by multi-colored leaf wraps. It is these wrappers that make a flower unique and similar to sea hero and stars, decorative bowls.

Fauna Dining Room Mountain

Unfortunately, many rare and valuable species of wild animals are under threat of destruction, and some disappeared at all. So, in the forests of the dining area, lions are no longer found. The last of these proud beasts was shot by white settlers in 1802. Leopards disappeared, but you can meet a forest cat and carakal. In recent years, small animals have been breeding, similar to rabbits, - Kapsky Daman. The efforts of tourists they became completely manual, and willingly take offering.

Many harm local residents Bear bavians are applied, also divided by tourists. They are so accustomed to human food that they stopped feeding, as they are supposed to be, in the forest, and make raids in the house and dragging edible supplies. A colony lives in the bay of Valunov (about 3,000 individuals!) African Penguins.

And if you visit Cape Town from June to December, you can seem to see the southern whales jumping out of the water along the coast.

Cable road and other joys for tourists

Physically strong people can rise to the dining room along the laid tourist trails. Mountain is ideal for climbing. And those who do not want to expose their loads can use the funicular. The rope was erected in 1929 and reconstructed many times. Modern booths along the course unfolding at 360 degrees for the absolute review of stalking panoramic species.

At the top of tourists are waiting for telescopes for viewing panorama, souvenir shops and restaurant. At sunset, you can enjoy the amazing South African sunset when the sun sinks in the ocean and the horizon line and water merges. It is not clear where the water ends and the sky begins. Cape Town Sunset is considered one of the most luxurious on the planet.

Dining Mountain in National Park South Africa - Present miracle. Standing on her top, you will imbued with the awareness that you are on the southernmost point of the African continent, under your legs there is a kind of good hope, and somewhere close to the waves "Flying Dutchman", doomed forever to boil the sea and oceans.

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14-01-2013, 23:31
The cutlery mountains relate to one of the most ancient geological formations on Earth, which formed about two billion years ago. The vertices of such mountains, as if huge table tops, are the place of growing rare plants and habitat more unique animals that are no longer found on the planet anywhere.

Mountain Conner

In Australia, there is one of the most vivid representatives of the canteens - Mountain Conner, the vertex of which is completely flat, and the rock itself has the shape of the horseshoe.

Brown Bluff

745-meter Mountain Brown Blaff is located in the north of the Antarctic Peninsula. Although the rock mainly consists of ice, it is called a "brown rock", because in those places where a pronounced red-brown-colored mineral gialoclastite is visible from under the snow cover. The shores at the foot of Brown Bluff are habitat for thousands of Papuan Penguins and Dominican Golumers.

Mount Asgard

On the territory of the National Park of the island of Baphphinov, the land is Mount Asgard, which has two separate hills with flat vertices. Asgard is named after the Mythological Heavenly Asgard, the monastery of the gods-ASs.

Kookenan

Another Mountain with a flat vertex is located in Venezuela, on the border with Guyana, not far from the famous peak of Roorima - Mount Kookenan, the height of which reaches 2680 meters, and the width is about three kilometers. It is considered one of the most difficulty, that is why the climbers are interested in less frequently.

Heroubreio.

HeroBreio Dining Mountain is located in Iceland. It was formed after the eruption of the volcano and is very dangerous because the collaps are often occurring. For the first time, she was conquered in 1908.

Debre Damo.

Mountain Debra Damo has the most flat top in the world and is located in the northern part of Ethiopia. Here is the oldest Christian monastery, which was built by Syrian monks in the VI century. From the time of the founding of the monastery there is a library of ancient manuscripts.

Mountains canyonlands

On the territory of the National Park, Canyonlands, which is located in the eastern state of Utah, there is a lot of rocky formations, including mountains with flat vertices. Here is a stunning beauty of landscapes from huge hills and mountainous erosions. On the park, the Green River River and Colorado rivers flow, which divide it into several districts. One of the most beautiful places is the island in the sky of Island In The Sky District.

Ayangtepui.

In Venezuela, Mount Ayangtepuy is one of the most visited natural attractions, whose name from the Peremon tribe language means "Devil Mountain". Here the highest Waterfall Angel falls from the deceleration of Ayiantepuy.

The word "Tempui" in the language of the Indian tribe means "house of the gods". Tempuses rise above the green array of tropical jungle by majestic inaccessible rocks, the height of some exceeds 2 thousand m.

Striking landscapes with cutlets are more like delightful scenery to a certain fantastic film than reality. Most scientists are convinced that Tempuses with steep, almost sheer slopes and "cut" flat vertices - ancient mountains in the world.

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Building and a little history

The cutlery mountains are "fragments" of a spacious mining plateau, in ancient times Starting from the Atlantic coast to the frontiers of the river pools (Río Amazonas), (Sp. Río Orinoco) and (Sp. Rio Negro). The plateau was formed on the site of an ancient lake about 200 million years ago, when Africa and South America were a single mainland. A plateau, consisting of sandstone, was placed on a granite base; Over the years, as a result of erosion, the flows of water, the plateau split into a variety of separate rocks.

Different layers of sandstone, as a rule, are destroyed at different speeds, as a result of which the rocks accepted fancy forms. So of the durable rocks of the Precambrian sandstone or quartzite, Tempuses scattered on a plateau were formed. Their distinctive feature are perfectly flat, like a table, tops - from here and the name "Dining Mountains". All Tempuses are completely isolated from each other and from the vegetation below, because the bases of the mountains are separated from the vertices of the wall of the deaf stone. In many rocks there are grotty water washed, such as Abysmo Guy Collet (ABISMO Guy Collet; Depth 671 m) - the deepest cave in South America, as well as huge karst funnels (diameter up to 300 m), resulting from the collapse of the underground river tunnels.

English traveler, German by the origin of Robert Schomburgk (Him. Robert Hermann Schomburgk; 1804-1865) visited the area in 1835 on the instructions of the London Geographical society And was fascinated by the table mountains. However, attempts by the researcher to climb on one of the giants were not crowned with success. Only in December 1884, the British Expedition, headed by the scientist Anthropologist Everard I Tournah (English Sir Everard IM Thurn), managed to climb to the top - Tempui (Sp. Roraima; 2810 m). However, it was the report on the expedition to Schomburgh inspired by the English writer A. Konan Doyle (English Sir Arthur Conan Doyle) on writing the adventure novel "The Lost World".

Fantastic view of Mount Roraima

Climate on Tempui

As in the lowland territories, moving to the Guiangian Highlands, dry and rainy seasons are distinguished on the Tempuses. The climate significantly affects the height, so, on the highest temperatures, the temperature is sometimes lowered to 0 ° C. But usually the average temperature indicators on flat vertices are from + 8 ° C to + 20 ° C, depending on the height over U / M.

Canaima Park

In the south-east of Venezuela, in the area called Gran Sabana (Iz. La Gran Sabana), there is the most extensive natural nature reserve Venezuela - (Parque Nacional Canaima). The park is considered ancient natural zone Earth. This amazing lost World Preserved as it was many million years ago: more than 30 thousand km² of tropical jungle and savannah separated by the majestic table mountains.

National Park, which covers most of the Gwiang Highlands, was founded in 1962.

Canaima Village (Chanaima), located near the northwestern outskirts of the environmental zone, on the shores of the scenic of the same name Lagoon (Span. Laguna de Canaima), is the base for excursions in the park. Next to the village there is a small airport, in the village itself there are campsites and cottages to accommodate tourists, because most often travelers spend a few days in the park.

Here visitors are offered interesting excursions On Canoeing on an amazing lagoon, in which 4 waterfalls fall. GOLONRINA (AP. SALTO GOLONDRINA; 50 m) and represented (Sp. Salto UCAIMA; 46 m) vacationers can see, swimming on canoe, and under Achi waterfalls (Span. Salto Hacha; 40 m) and SAPO (Sp. Salto SAPO; "Toad", 20 m) are laid a pleasure trail, which can be held inside the waterfall, between the lowered aqueous stream and rock.

Anatoly Island Isla Anatoliy is treated in the center of the lagoon. Due to the presence of a significant amount of quartz, the water in the lagoon has a rich brown color, and the sand is pink.

But the most famous waterfall and one of the most spectacular attractions of the reserve is the highest in the world (Salto Angel; about 1000 m), the excursions to which are conducted either by boats or on small aircraft or helicopters. To admire it, in these edges from all over the world flows of tourists. Angel's waters will overthrow with one of the most majestic tops of the Plateau, Ayang-Tempui (AuyanTePUI), from a height of about 1 thousand m. In the dry season (December-March), when the local rivers are crucial, you can only reach the waterfall in the air. Ayang-Tempui is considered the largest of the dining area, and its top plateau is about 700 km².

In the southeast outskirts of the park there is Roraima (Praima; 2810 m), the highest Tempus of Venezuelan Highlands. Its vertex, almost an ideal flat plateau with an area of \u200b\u200b34 km², completely covered with lush vegetation, bizarre-shaped stones, caves, lakes and small swamps. Local Indians are called Mount Roraima "PUP of the Earth" and they believe that the goddess Quen (Queen) lives on her top, the ancestor of the human race.

One of the most beautiful TPUU, Mount Autan (Autana), rises above the jungle of 1300 m. The peculiarity of it is that the mountain is pierced by the cave, from one end to the other. The dental plateau is decorated with dark gray cliffs of the most bizarre forms surrounded by round water depressions.

Interesting Sorsearinyama - Tempui (Span. Sarisariñama; 2300 m), known for its ideally round funnels (about 350 m diameters) of incomprehensible origin, the bottom of which is covered unique plants. These mysterious holes on the surface of the Earth were discovered relatively recently, in 1974 such funnels with purest water at the bottom are found on many Tempuses.

A number of others, even less well-known, but also delightful canteen hills are located in an extensive Canaima Park.

The ecological reserve that protects truly invaluable natural wealth on its territory, in 1994 was included in the UNESCO World Heritage Register.

Flora and fauna

65% of the vast territory of the park occupy the Tempuses, which rise above the jungle of various-caliber cliffs, standing apart from each other. In addition to the Great Table Mountains, articulated by ferulous waterfalls, on the territory of the natural reserve, you can see rare representatives of the plant and animal world, which are found exclusively in this region. The plateau of the tablet mountains is completely isolated from the jungle thickets at the foot of the foot, which makes the hill with the "ecological islands", on which many endemic representatives of flora and fauna have been preserved, the millennia developing in complete isolation. For example, carnivorous plants, taking into their beautiful fragrant traps of insects. The slopes of the mountains surrounded by fluffy clouds are covered with exquisite bromoels (lat. Bromelia; genus plants growing in the tropical regions of South America) and delicate orchids.

The peaks of the Tempu are covered with a dense carpet of herbs and shrubs. In tropical forests and savannah, over which rocks rise, there are about 9 thousand species of plants, among which only orchids are more than 500 species.

Amazingly rich and diverse animal world Reserved Park, 150 mammalian species live here, among which all sorts of monkeys, jaguars, pums, tapir, giant otters, ocelot, amusements, bakers, giant ants and grasshoppers (up to 15 cm), as well as many small animals. But the largest species variety differs the bird community (more than 500 species), which are abundant on this fertile land: falcons, eagles, tucanis, parrots, hummingbirds.

Edge

Tempui is actually single place On the planet, where the man's leg was stood. People visited only some Tempui, most of Tabletry Mountains are completely not investigated to this day.

Therefore, unusual mountains become a source of legends, believes, mystical stories, as well as an inspiration facility for artists and science writers. The local edges are tightly shrouded in the halo of the secrets and mysteries, which are told not only the age-old legends, but also reports of express expeditions. The last official major expedition in these edges, namely, Rarana, was undertaken in 1965 by the son of Juan Angel (IP. Juan Pablo Angel Argo), the discoverer famous Waterfall, named after the Venezuelan pilot.

In an expeditionary diary, a wonderful world is described, where the flat top of the Tempus is covered with bizarre rocks similar to mushrooms, and in addition to the famous animal science, a strange creature was discovered there, called "Cadborosaurus" (Lat. Cadborosaurus Willsi). An unprecedented beast had a snake body with a riser on his back and a horse head. Also, antigas (more than 5 cm long) were also found capable of small branches with their strong teeth; Frogs who surround eggs like birds; Insects - bloodshots, on which no, even the most powerful chemicals of protection.

The most significant discovery for scientists became the remains found the remains of ancient animals that have recently dwelling in this area and the dead, according to some hypothesis, as a result of the experiments of cosmic aliens. At such a bold suggestion of scientists, the foundation found found by the participants is large, as if the scorched, round platform, fully devoid of vegetation and all the superspasted unknown origin of the silver powder. Moreover, laboratory studies of the powder showed that this is an alloy of very rare metals, the creation of which on earthly conditions is unrealistic.

Researchers discovered in the caves a set of rock paintings depicting mythical animals and fantastic beingsresembling people. Also, the members of the expedition came across several crypts, inside which hung extraordinarily thick fog and vital the sweet smell. Several participants of the team, having fallen by an unusual aroma, had a few days in whom, and when they came to feel, they told the comrades about incredible visions and movements to other worlds.

After that case, it was decided to immediately return back, but the researchers expected a new surprise: they could not find a way out of an ancient enchanted world, as if some mystical forces were hampered in every way.

Only after several months of exhausted travelers managed to return home. According to them, again some kind of supernatural force intervened, picked up people and slowly lowering them on the central square of the nearest Indian settlement.

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